精品解析：四川省新高考教研联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期八省适应性联考模拟演练考试（二）英语试题

八省适应性联考模拟演练考试（二） 英语试题 注意事项： 1、答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 1. When does the lecture conclude? A. At about 3 p. m. B. At about 4 p. m. C. At about 5 p. m. 2. What does the woman suggest the boy bring? A. A coat. B. Boots. C. A T-shirt. 3. What occurred with Larry last night? A. He was unable to find his hotel. B He got caught in the rain. C. He fell into water. 4. Where is the woman planning to go tomorrow night? A. To the man’s house. B. To a cinema. C. To a restaurant. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A house. B. A workplace. C. A shopping mall. 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Type out her report. B. Repair her keyboard. C. Look for her keys. 7. What will the woman do next? A. Drink some juice. B. Pick up her friend. C. Go shopping. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. Where are the speakers? A. In the Book Building. B. At home. C. At a bus stop. 9. What did the man do yesterday evening? A. He bought a guide. B. He watched TV C. He had a match. 10. Which bus will the speakers take? A. No 29. B. No.37 C. No.52. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. What is the purpose of the call? A. To book a room. B. To arrange a tour. C. To confirm a reservation. 12. What does the woman request? A. A room with a view. B. A special menu. C. A wake-up call. 13. How can guests receive a free meal? A. By staying a minimum of three nights. B. By reserving accommodations online. C By making a booking during the off season. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. When was the youth club formed? A. In 2015. B. In 2008. C. In 2006. 15. What is Matthew? A. An engineer. B. A student. C. A teacher. 16. For what did Matthew’s club raise money? A. A hospital. B. A school. C. A park. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. Where is Kakadu National Park? A. In Austria B. In Australia. C. In Belgium. 18. How did the speaker feel after the Yellow Water Cruise? A. Worried. B. Disappointed. C. Pleased. 19. Why did the speaker buy the Sunrise & amp, Sunset ticket online? A. It was easy. B. It was popular. C. It was cheap. 20. What impressed the speaker most during the Yellow Water Cruise? A Azure Kingfisher. B. Kakadu Culture Camp. C. Sunrise & Sunset. 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A We Want you! Company: Embassy Suites Location: US-CA- San Luis Obispo Employee Type: Full- Time/ Part-time Job Type: Receptionist Req’s Education: High School Req’s Experience: Less Than I Year CONTACT INFORMATION Contact: Rebecca Hyre Phone: 805.549.0800 Email: Rebecca@163.com Fax : Not Available DESCRIPTION ·Embassy Suites Hotel San Luis is currently accepting applications for front Desk Services Agent. Fulltime day and part time night positions open. ·Availability must include weekends and holidays. ·This position has a combination of duties mainly related, but not limited to checking-in hotel guests. We are seeking candidates who have the ability to: ⊙Understand guest inquires and provide responses in a helpful, courteous (礼貌的) manner. ⊙Promote positive relations with all individuals who approach the Front Desk and enter the hotel. ⊙Focus on the guest needs remaining calm and courteous. ⊙Input and access data in the computer. ⊙Ensure security and confidentiality of guest and hotel information. ⊙Work cooperatively with other departments and co-workers as part of a team. REQUIREMENTS ·Customer service experience preferred. ·Please apply online by submitting a resume, including a cover letter. ·Apply in person, by handing in an application for employment, from the executive offices located within the hotel. 1. Those interested in this job may contact Rebecca Hyre ________ A. by fax. B. by e-mail. C. by post. D. by video call. 2. Who meets the competency requirements for the position? A. Tina, who favors an independent working mode. B. Judy, who has prior experience as a hotel manager. C. Amy, who excels at dealing with data and interpersonal relationships. D. Peter, who has good manners and a great passion for going on holidays. 3. Which is the possible method to apply for the position? A. By sending a fax to Rebecca@163.com. B. By writing emails to the executive offices. C. By handing an application letter to the Desk Services Agent. D. By submitting an application letter online along with a resume. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了招聘酒店前台服务岗位的职责和要求，强调了应聘者需具备良好的客户服务技能和团队合作精神。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据CONTACT INFORMATION部分“Phone: 805.549.0800 (电话：805 549 0800)”、“Email: Rebecca@163.com (电子邮件：Rebecca@163.com)”以及“Fax: Not Available (传真：不可用)”可知，对这份工作感兴趣的人可以通过电话或电子邮件联系Rebecca Hyre。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据We are seeking candidates who have the ability to部分“Understand guest inquires and provide responses in a helpful, courteous (礼貌的) manner. (理解客人的询问，并以乐于助人、礼貌的方式提供回复。)”、“Promote positive relations with all individuals who approach the Front Desk and enter the hotel. (与所有接近前台并进入酒店的人建立积极的关系。)”以及“Input and access data in the computer. (在计算机中输入和访问数据。)”可知，擅长处理数据和人际关系的Amy符合该职位的能力要求。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据REQUIREMENTS部分“Please apply online by submitting a resume, including a cover letter. (请在线提交简历，包括求职信。)”可知，申请这个职位，需要在线提交求职信和简历。故选D。 B Every summer, Europeans and tourists from all over the world sail by boat down the Danube River. Their trips often begin in Nuremberg, Germany, where they can visit the Imperial Castle, the ancient city wall, and the water fountain in Market Square. From Nuremberg, the boats proceed down the Danube to Melk, which for centuries was one of Europe’s most important religious centers. Among the interesting sights in Melk is its famous church tower. After Melk, the boats pass through wine country to Vienna. Called the “City of Waltzes”, Vienna has a magnificent opera house and an imperial palace. Aside trip from Vienna takes visitors into the Austrian Alps. The tour bus trip offers marvelous views of the surrounding countryside. From Vienna, the boats sail to Budapest. The capital of the central-European country of Hungary, Budapest boasts a history that’s more than 2,000 years old. The city’s name combines those of “Buda”, “Obuda” and “Pest”, once separate towns on either side of the Danube River. In 1873, these towns were unified and their names combined into one. Budapest’s World Heritage site also comprises several distinct areas, designated (指定) by UNESCO starting in 1987. These include the Castle District, the Banks of the Danube, Gellért Hill and Andrássy Avenue. At each of these locations, you can explore many hundreds of years of history, art and culture. One great way of doing so is through guided walking tours. Some of these tours are free, led by local people who have extensive knowledge of their city. Or, if you prefer something that’s faster-paced and easier on the legs, try a Segway tour! The Castle District displays centuries of the city’s history. Numerous attacks, wars and natural disasters destroyed much of the original Castle Quarter. Still, beauty and charm remain. 4. What does this article mainly describe? A. Voyages with several interesting stops. B. Cycling through urban and rural areas. C. Travel by air to a continent’s oldest towns. D. Fascinating rides on a historic railway. 5. What does Vienna’s nickname imply about the city? A. Its location made it an important political center. B. Hunting was a popular activity there years ago. C. It has attracted a lot of people who enjoy skating. D. Dancing has been an important part of its culture. 6. What does the article point out about some of the tours that people can take in Budapest? A. They frequently include a meal. B. They don’t cost anything. C. They require advance reservations. D. They may not be entirely safe. 7. According to the article, which have impacted Budapest’s Castle quarter in the past? A. International festivals. B. Military conflicts. C. An educational institution. D. Industrial expansion. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。每年夏天，来自世界各地的游客会乘船沿着多瑙河航行。他们的旅行通常始于德国的纽伦堡，途经奥地利的梅尔克、维也纳，接着驶往匈牙利布达佩斯，沿途他们会尽情欣赏异国风情。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Every summer, Europeans and tourists from all over the world sail by boat down the Danube River. Their trips often begin in Nuremberg, Germany, where they can visit the Imperial Castle, the ancient city wall, and the water fountain in Market Square.(每年夏天，欧洲人和来自世界各地的游客乘船沿着多瑙河顺流而下。他们的旅行通常从德国纽伦堡开始，在那里他们可以参观帝国城堡、古城墙和市场广场的喷泉。)”以及下文可知，本篇文章主要介绍欧洲人和来自世界各地的游客乘船沿着多瑙河顺流而下的旅程中有几个有趣的停靠站。故选A项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段“After Melk, the boats pass through wine country to Vienna. Called the ‘City of Waltzes’, Vienna has a magnificent opera house and an imperial palace. (梅尔克之后，船只穿过葡萄酒之乡前往维也纳。维也纳被称为‘华尔兹之城’，有一座宏伟的歌剧院和一座皇宫。)”可推知，维也纳的昵称表明舞蹈一直是维也纳文化的重要组成部分。故选D项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Some of these tours are free, led by local people who have extensive knowledge of their city. (其中一些旅行是免费的，由对城市有广泛了解的当地人带领。)”可知，人们可以在布达佩斯进行的一些旅行不需要任何费用。故选B项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Numerous attacks, wars and natural disasters destroyed much of the original Castle Quarter. Still, beauty and charm remain..(无数的袭击、战争和自然灾害摧毁了原城堡区的大部分地区。尽管如此，美丽和魅力依然存在。)”可知，过去，军事冲突影响了布达佩斯城堡区。故选B项。 C I used to think I was a good person. I was caring to my friends, my partner, my family; I gave to charity and I volunteered. But when I started training to become a therapist (治疗师), I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people, we don’t actually know ourselves very well. I learned about how we might, without consciously realizing it, deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad, pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others, so they become the bad people. I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority — whether we want to acknowledge them or not. It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. We first spoke two years ago. He was unemployed, living with his parents, watching his friends’ lives progress. A good grown-up, he told me, is “someone who has his ducks in a row” — and that wasn’t him. I also didn’t feel like the competent, confident grown-up I thought I should be — and neither did most of the adults I knew. I researched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later, if at all — from buying a home to getting married or starting a family. I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it. Then I saw Boru again. He told me how, over two years, he’d found a job he loves, rented a flat with a friend. He’s now cycling round the world, having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life. So what changed? “You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.” I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. Boru does it on his bike, I do it in psychoanalysis, others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music. That, for Boru, and for me, is what it means to “have his ducks in a row”. 8. What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselves? A. Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth. B. Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate. C. True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides. D. Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception. 9. What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about being a good grown-up? A. It involves having a clear career path and financial stability. B. It requires constant self-improvement and education. C. It means being employed and living independently. D. It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty. 10 What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adult? A. Escaping basic responsibilities. B. Delaying reaching traditional life milestones. C. Comparing personal achievements to others. D. Investigating changing patterns of adult life. 11. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why Hide Harms B. How to Be Better Adults C. Why Growing up Matters D. How to Have Effective Conversations 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过自我反思，并从22岁的博鲁身上学会了如何做一个好成年人。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not. (我了解到，在人类的内心深处，除了爱和善良之外，还有愤怒、需要、贪婪、嫉妒、破坏性和优越感——无论我们是否愿意承认它们。)”可知，了解我们自己意味着接受自己好的一面和坏的一面。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的““You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.” (“你开始与自己进行这些对话，你变得更诚实了。我不再觉得我在隐瞒任何事情，因为我没有隐瞒自己。”)可知，博鲁教会了作者，成为一个好成年人就像是一次自我发现和诚实的旅程。故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it. (我意识到是什么让我觉得自己像个坏成年人：我会坐在一个坏冰箱旁边，而不是叫工程师来修理它。)”可知，作者感觉自己像个不称职的成年人，因为他逃避了基本责任。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. (是22岁的博鲁教会了我做一个好成年人的真正意义。)”以及最后一段中的“I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. (我认为成长过程中必须找到自己的方式来进行这些对话。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了如何成为一个好的成年人。故选B。 D Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy. Consider Saturn Corporation (a wholly owned company of General Motors). Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with. Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance. But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100? Of course not. Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal. Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders. 12. Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategy? A. To maximize possible returns and profits. B. To maintain consistency in business operations. C. To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs. D. To attract customers to social events and trainings. 13. What does Saturn’s “no hassle, no haggle” policy (paragraph 2) most probably mean? A. Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely. B. Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers. C. Saturn cars are at least $100 cheaper than other cars. D. Saturn cars are sold at fixed, non-negotiable prices. 14. What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process? A. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information. B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input. C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process. D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best. 15. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A The art of coordinating pricing processes B. The best sales negotiation techniques C. Getting one step closer toward better pricing D. Maximizing profits through pricing policies 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了定价策略在公司营销策略中的重要性，以及定价过程中需要的协调机制。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. (所有成功的定价工作都具有两个特点：该政策与公司的整体营销策略很好地结合在一起，并且整个过程组织良好。)”可知，公司的定价政策应该与其总体营销策略保持一致，以实现成功，故选B项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中“Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal. (Saturn公司“no hassle, no haggle”的政策，消除了经销商和潜在客户之间发生冲突的可能性。客户更容易购买汽车，因为他们知道下一个进门的人不会协商更好的交易。)”可知，该政策意味着价格是固定的、不可议价的，从而排除客户议价获得更好交易的可能性。故选D项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. (当然，定价过程中通常有很多参与者：会计提供成本估算;营销传达定价策略；销售人员提供具体的客户意见；生产设置供应边界；财务部门为整个公司的财务状况制定了要求。来自不同来源的投入是必要的。)”可知，定价过程的广泛参与是因为决策需要收集全面的信息，故选A项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. (定价是经理们最头疼的营销问题。这是他们感到压力最大的地方，也是他们最不确定自己是否做得很好的地方。所有成功的定价工作都具有两个特点：该政策与公司的整体营销策略很好地结合在一起，并且整个过程组织良好。)”及全文可知，主要讲述了定价策略在公司营销策略中的重要性，以及定价过程中需要的协调机制。因此C项“向更好的定价迈进一步”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） Behind every great product is a great team. Teamwork in the workplace offers the staff the opportunity to become more familiar with each other and learn how to work together. ___16___. There are several ways in which teamwork is important to the success of the company and to the development of each employee. Efficiency (效率) Work teams develop systems that allow them to complete tasks efficiently. ___17___, the team’s work pace makes sure that the task is completed quickly and accurately. This allows the company to take on more work and also lets the company increase more income without having to add more staff. This becomes helpful when efficient teams from different departments work together. Support___18___ And a strong team environment can act as a support system for staff member. Work group members can help each other improve performance and work together toward improving professional development. Team members come to rely on each other and trust each other. ___19___, these bonds can be important. Ideas Teams in the workplace often met to discuss how to deal with company problems. When a team works well together, it allows staff members to feel more comfortable in offering suggestions. Team members become accustomed to processing brainstorming information. ___20___. A. There are challenges each day in any workplace B. When the team faces a particularly hard challenge C. We all know teamwork helps companies earn more money D. When a task is handed to a well-trained and efficient team E. It is also the fuel that allows employees and companies to have success F. The company surely benefits from various suggestions given by efficient teams G. One of the main benefits of a strong team environment is to share ideas with each other 【答案】16. E 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. F 【解析】 【分析】这是一片议论文。文章主要讲了团队合作对公司的成功和每个员工的发展都很重要。 【16题详解】 上文Teamwork in the workplace offers the staff the opportunity to become more familiar with each other and learn how to work together.说工作场所的团队合作让员工有机会更加熟悉彼此，学习如何合作。该空承接上文，E选项“它也是让员工和公司获得成功的燃料”，故选E。 【17题详解】 上文Work teams develop systems that allow them to complete tasks efficiently. 说工作团队开发的系统允许他们高效地完成任务。下文 the team’s work pace makes sure that the task is completed quickly and accurately.说团队的工作节奏确保任务快速准确地完成。该空承上启下，D选项“当一项任务交给一个训练有素、效率高的团队时”切题，故选D。 【18题详解】 下文And a strong team environment can act as a support system for staff member. Work group members can help each other improve performance and work together toward improving professional development.说一个强大的团队环境可以作为员工的支持系统。工作小组成员可以互相帮助，提高工作表现，共同努力促进专业发展。该空引出下文，A选项“任何工作场所每天都有挑战”切题，故选A。 【19题详解】 上文Team members come to rely on each other and trust each other. 说团队成员相互依赖，相互信任。下文 these bonds can be important.说这些结合很重要。该空承上启下，B选项“当团队面临特别困难的挑战时”切题，故选B。 【20题详解】 上文Team members become accustomed to processing brainstorming information.说团队成员习惯于处理头脑风暴信息。该空承接上文，F选项“公司肯定会从高效团队的各种建议中受益”，故选F。 第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species. ___21___, most of the bird species disappeared. While the death of many birds since the 1500s has been ___22___, our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils (化石), and these records are limited because birds’ lightweight bones are ___23___ over time. This conceals the true ___24___ of global extinctions. Researchers now believe 1,430 bird species — almost 12 per cent — have died out over modern human history since around 130,000 years ago, with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly ___25___ human activity. The study, led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and published in Nature Communications, used statistical modelling to ___26___ the undiscovered bird extinctions. Lead author Dr Rob Cooke, an ecological modeler at UKCEH, says:“Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher ___27___ impact on diversity than previously recognized. Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests, and ___28___ with birds for food. We show that many species became extinct before written records and left no ___29___, lost from history.” Dr Søren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg, a co-author of the study, adds: “These historic extinctions have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis. The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied ____30____ roles, which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉). This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems, so, ____31____ bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that ____32____ these species for survival.” Observations and fossils show 640 bird species have been driven extinct — 90 per cent of these on islands ____33____ by people. These ____34____ from the iconic (标志性的) Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe. But the researchers estimate there have been further 790 unknown extinctions, meaning a total of 1,430 lost species — leaving just under 11,000 today. Therefore, from the perspective of protecting species ____35____, the protection of birds is an urgent issue for mankind. 21. A. To some extent B. On average C. As a result D. In short 22. A. confirmed B. recorded C. concealed D. discussed 23. A. distracted B. disposed C. dismissed D. disintegrated 24. A. extent B. context C. outcome D. influence 25. A. due to B. other than C. instead of D. in spite of 26. A. declare B. illustrate C. estimate D. emphasize 27. A. climate B. human C. environmental D. natural 28. A. connected B. coped C. lived D. competed 29. A. trace B. route C. change D. proposal 30. A. interactive B. ecological C. productive D. social 31. A. in terms of B. because of C. except for D. in addition to 32. A. depend on B. interact with C. fight against D. stay away 33. A. inhabited B. removed C. developed D. killed 34. A. result B. range C. suffer D. date 35. A. origin B. project C. growth D. diversity 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述研究人员通过研究发现，虽然已经记录了许多人类造成的鸟类灭绝，但是真实数字要大得多，许多物种在有文字记载之前就已经灭绝了，其中绝大多数是直接或间接由人类活动而造成的，而且这些鸟类的灭绝也造成了其他依赖其生存的物种的灭绝。 【21题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：结果，大多数鸟类消失了。A. To some extent在某种程度上；B. On average平均；C. As a result因此，结果；D. In short简言之。上文“but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species”与空后“most of the bird species disappeared”为因果关系，As a result“因此”符合语境。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然自16世纪以来许多鸟类的死亡被记录下来，但我们对这之前物种命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因为鸟类的轻质骨骼随着时间的推移会分解。A. confirmed确认；B. recorded记录；C. concealed隐藏；D. discussed讨论。根据下文“many species became extinct before written records and left no ___9___, lost from history”可知，以前物种的灭绝没有文字记录，直到16世纪以来才有许多鸟类死亡被记录下来。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然自16世纪以来有许多鸟类死亡的记录，但我们对这之前物种命运的了解依赖于化石，而且这些记录是有限的，因为鸟类的轻质骨骼随着时间的推移会分解。A. distracted使分心，使转移注意力；B. disposed处理，配置，使适应；C. dismissed不予理会，解散；D. disintegrated使分解，使碎裂。根据空前“our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils (化石), and these records are limited”以及常识可知，鸟类的轻质骨骼随着时间的推移会被分解，因此，化石留下的信息也是很有限的。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这掩盖了全球物种灭绝的真实程度。A. extent程度；B. context上下文，语境；C. outcome结果；D. influence影响。由上文“our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils (化石), and these records are limited because birds’ lightweight bones are ___3___ over time”可知，有限的记录以及容易分解的鸟类骨骼让人们无法真实地了解全球物种灭绝的程度。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：研究人员现在认为，自大约13万年前以来，1430种鸟类——近12%——在现代人类历史上已经灭绝，其中绝大多数是直接或间接由于人类活动而灭绝的。A. due to由于；B. other than除了；C. instead of而不是；D. in spite of尽管。根据空前“the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly”以及空后“human activity”可知，绝大多数鸟类灭绝是直接或间接地由于人类活动而导致的，阐述物种灭绝的原因。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项由英国生态与水文中心（UKCEH）领导并发表在《自然通讯》上的研究使用统计模型来估计未被发现的鸟类灭绝。A. declare宣布；B. illustrate说明，阐明；C. estimate估计；D. emphasize 强调。根据空前“used statistical modelling”以及下文“Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher ___7___ impact on diversity than previously recognized.”可知，这项研究运用统计模型对未被发现的鸟类灭绝情况进行估计。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究表明，人类对生物多样性的影响远比我们之前认识到的要大得多。A. climate气候；B. human人（类），人 （类）的；C. environmental环保的；D. natural天然的，自然的。根据下文“Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests”可知，此处指人类活动对生物多样性的影响。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类通过栖息地的丧失、过度开发以及老鼠、猪和狗的引入，迅速摧毁了鸟类的数量，这些老鼠、猪和狗攻击了鸟类的巢穴，并与鸟类争夺食物。A. connected连接；B. coped处理；C. lived 居住，活着；D. competed竞争。根据空后“with birds for food”可知，老鼠、猪、狗和鸟类争夺食物。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们展示了许多物种在文字记录之前就灭绝了，没有留下任何痕迹，从历史中消失了。A. trace遗迹，踪迹；B. route路线；C. change改变，变化；D. proposal提议。根据空后“lost from history”可知，许多物种在有文字记载之前就已灭绝，从历史中没有留下痕迹。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界可能不仅失去了许多迷人的鸟类，而且失去了它们各种各样的生态作用，其中可能包括授粉等关键功能。A. interactive互动的，交互的；B. ecological生态的；C. productive多产的；D. social社会的，社交的。根据空后的“which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉)”可知，此处指的是失去生态功能。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：这将对生态系统产生连锁反应，因此，除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还将失去许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。A. in terms of就……而言；B. because of因为；C. except for除了；D. in addition to除……以外（还）。根据空前“This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems”以及空后“bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that ____12____ these species for survival.”可知，一些鸟类的灭绝带来了连锁反应，还造成其他依赖这些鸟类的物种的灭绝，即除了这些鸟类灭绝外，还带来其他物种的灭绝。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这将对生态系统产生连锁反应，因此，除了鸟类灭绝外，我们还将失去许多依赖这些物种生存的动植物。A. depend on依赖，取决于；B. interact with与……互动；C. fight against与……作斗争；D. stay away远离。根据上文“The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied ____10____ roles, which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉). This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems”可知，一些鸟类的灭绝，使它们的一些重要生态功能比如授粉功能丧失，造成其他依赖这些鸟类而生存繁衍的动植物也灭绝。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：观察和化石显示，640种鸟类已经灭绝，其中90%是在有人居住的岛屿上灭绝的。A. inhabited居住；B. removed去掉，移开；C. developed发展；D. killed杀死。根据上文“Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species”以及“Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation”可知，人类造成鸟类栖息地的丧失，过度狩猎等活动直接或间接造成许多鸟类的灭绝，由此推断，众多鸟类的灭绝是在有人类居住的岛屿上发生的。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些鸟类包括从毛里求斯标志性的渡渡鸟到北大西洋的大海雀，再到不太知名的圣赫勒拿巨型渡渡鸟。A. result(因……)发生；B. range包括……之间的各类事物，变化；C. suffer遭受；D. date注明日期，确定年代。根据上文以及空后“from the iconic (标志性的) Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe”可知，此处列举了有人类居住的岛上灭绝的一些鸟类，range from…to“包括（从……到……）之间的各类事物”符合语境。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，从保护物种多样性的角度来看，保护鸟类是人类迫切需要解决的问题。A. origin起源；B. project项目，计划；C. growth生长；D. diversity多样性。根据上文“But the researchers estimate there have been further 790 unknown extinctions, meaning a total of 1,430 lost species — leaving just under 11,000 today.”可知，有众多的物种消失，结合上文所阐述的一些鸟类灭绝所造成的连锁反应可知，保护鸟类能够保护物种的多样性。故选D。 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For you the “Clear and Bright” day that falls in every April might be no more than just another holiday— the fact that it comes with three days off school matters to most students ____36____ more than the fact that it is part of the 24 solar terms. But the UNESCO has recognized the importance of the 24 solar terms. This ancient system that Chinese people have used to keep track of the time of year ____37____ (add) to the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Nov 30. For starters, you may have heard your mom say: “The sanfu days are almost over. The heat won’t be here for long.” The sanfu days are a period of time that ____38____ (fall) in summer, somewhere ____39____ Minor Heat (in July) and Autumn Equinox (in September). The coldest days, or the sanjiu days, are similar. They cover the 27 days ____40____ (follow) Winter Solstice. In some places, solar terms guide people’s lives through special foods,____41____ (culture) events and healthy living tips. For example, people from northern China are in the habit of eating dumplings on the day of Winter Solstice. And on Start of Autumn, some people treat ____42____ to a big feast, especially of meat, something they call “putting on autumn weight”, or tieqiubiao. But no matter ____43____ differently people celebrate the 24 solar terms, they have been here for a long time and could last forever. According to Chinese writer and academic Yu Shicun, unlike many other examples of intangible cultural heritage-Peking Opera and Chinese Zhusuan, for example-the solar terms are neither regional (地域的) nor a type of art or skill. Instead, the system is a philosophy of time,____44____ applies to everything. And this means they are ____45____ (likely) to die out. 【答案】36. much 37. was added 38. falls 39. between 40. following 41. cultural 42. themselves 43. how 44. which 45. unlikely 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国的二十四节气及相关习俗。 【36题详解】 考查固定搭配，句意：对大多数学生来说，放三天假比二十四节气重要得多。much more than表示“远远超过”，故填much。 【37题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：11月30日，这个中国人用来记录时间的古老系统被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产名录。on Nov 30表明为一般过去时，system与add之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was added。 【38题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：三伏天是夏天的一段时间，介于小暑和秋分之间。讲述的是客观事实，主语是a period of time，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填falls。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意参考上题解析，between A and B表示“在A和B之间”，故填between。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们涵盖了冬至之后的27天。the 27 days与follow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作定语，故填following。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在一些地方，节气通过特殊的食物、文化活动和健康的生活贴士来指导人们的生活。修饰名词events用形容词，故填cultural。 【42题详解】 考查代词。句意：立秋时，一些人会为自己准备一顿大餐，尤其是肉，他们称之为“秋膘”。treat oneself to a big meal(feast)表示“请某人自己吃顿大餐”，故填themselves。 【43题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：但无论人们庆祝二十四节气的方式有多么不同，它们都已经存在了很长时间，而且可能会永远存在下去。no matter how表示“不管怎样、无论如何”，故填how。 【44题详解】 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：相反，这个系统是一个时间哲学，它适用于一切。先行词为a philosophy of time，指物，关系词在非限定性定语从句作主语，故填which。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这意味着它们不可能灭绝。根据句意可知此处表示“不可能”作表语，故填unlikely。 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是李华，两周前你网购了一套丛书，昨天才到货，还存在其他问题，请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下： 1. 陈述写信目的； 2. 投诉内容； 3. 提出你的要求。 注意: 1. 词数80词左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 3. 开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear sir or madam, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear sir or madam, I am one of your customers. I am writing to complain about an order. I ordered a set of Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’t receive them until yesterday. And much to my disappointment, the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn. To make matters worse, it is not a complete set, as I found one book missing. I believe I have every right to ask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you either refund my money or deliver a new set of books to me. Besides, I’d like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，就网购的一套丛书的问题表示投诉，要点如下：1. 陈述写信目的；2. 投诉内容；3. 提出你的要求。 【详解】1.词汇积累 缺损的：missing→defective 另外：besides→moreover 更糟糕的是：to make matters worse→worse still 处理：deal with→cope with 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：And much to my disappointment, the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn. 拓展句：And I was disappointed that the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn. 【点睛】[高分句型1] And much to my disappointment, the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn. (运用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句) [高分句型2] I hope that you either refund my money or deliver a new set of books to me. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数应为150左右。 Desiree, a 4-year-old girl, was sobbing quietly over her father, Ken, who had died nine months earlier. She was hugging a photograph of her father with her fingers running around his face. “Daddy”, she said softly, “Why won't you come back?” Instead of gradually adjusting to her father's death, Desiree refused to accept it “Daddy will be home soon,” she'd tell her mother. “He's at work.” When she played with her toy telephone, she pretended she was chatting with her father “I miss you, Daddy,” she'd say. “When will you come back?” Desiree's situation made her mother worried. Days later, it was Ken's birthday. “How will I send him a card?” Desiree asked her mother “How about if we tie a litter to a balloon.” her mother said, “and send it up to heaven?” Desiree's eyes immediately lit up. Her mother took her to a store and Desiree picked out a balloon with HAPPY BIRTHDAY above a drawing of The Little Mermaid (美人鱼). Desire and her father had often watched it. The child's eyes shone as they were on the way to Ken's grave. Then Desiree dictated (口述) a letter to her Dad. “Daddy, Happy birthday, I love you and miss you,” she rattled off (快速说). “I hope you get this and can write to me on my birthday in January.” Her mother wrote the message and their address on a small piece of paper, which was then wrapped in plastic and tied to the end of the string on the balloon. Finally, Desiree let fly the balloon. For almost an hour, they watched the shining spot of silver grow smaller and smaller till disappear. “Now Dad's going to write back to me,” Desiree said confidently. Every day since they'd flew the balloon, Desiree had asked her mother, “Do you think Daddy has my balloon yet?” Several weeks passed, and she stopped asking. Paragraph 1 One day, 3,000 miles away, Wade was on a duck hunt when suddenly something in the bush caught his eyes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2 Desire's fifth birthday came and later on the afternoon, a package arrived. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1 One day, 3, 000 miles away, Wade was on a duck hunt when suddenly something in the bush caught his eye. Curious, he approached to find a silver balloon, with a piece of paper at the end of the string, wrapped in plastic. Taking it home, Wade read the touching lines to his wife Donna. She was deeply moved. With tears in her eyes, Donna decided to help Desiree. The couple went to buy a birthday card and a book of The Little Mermaid, and then she began to write a letter to Desiree. Paragraph 2 Desiree’s fifth birthday came and later on the afternoon, a package arrived. Looking at the unfamiliar return address, Desiree’s mother was confused. Suddenly an idea struck her: the balloon! She opened the parcel and found a card with “For a Dear Daughter”. Her heart raced. She rushed to Desiree’s room and showed her the letter. “It’s from Daddy!” Desiree jumped with joy, asking her mother to read it for her. “Happy birthday, my little angel!” Her mother began. A big tear began to trickle down Desiree’s cheek. 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇读后续写。 【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，4岁的小女孩Desiree 9个月前失去了父亲，她没有适应父亲的去世，认为父亲在工作，在父亲生日那天，她想给父亲寄卡片，母亲带她去商店买了气球，写了一封信绑在气球上，自从放飞了气球，她每天都问妈妈爸爸收到了没，直到几个星期后她不问了。 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：一天，3000英里外，韦德正在猎鸭子，突然灌木丛中有什么东西引起了他的注意。本段应该写韦德出于好奇去查看，发现了这个银色气球和上面的信，他把信带回家，他的妻子看了信的内容，深受感动，决定帮助Desiree，回信给Desiree。第二段开头是：Desiree的五岁生日到了，下午晚些时候，一个包裹送来了。本段应该写Desiree的妈妈拿着包裹，立马想到了这个包裹可能与气球有关，打开包裹后，发现是给女儿Desiree的，她立马给女儿看，Desiree看了信后，非常开心和感动。 注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右，按要求完成写作任务。 【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：at the end of，decide to do sth.，rush to，trickle down等高级词汇；Taking it home和Looking at the unfamiliar return address非谓语动词短语，with a piece of paper at the end of the string和With tears in her eyes是with复合结构等高级句式。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 八省适应性联考模拟演练考试（二） 英语试题 注意事项： 1、答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 1. When does the lecture conclude? A. At about 3 p. m. B. At about 4 p. m. C. At about 5 p. m. 2. What does the woman suggest the boy bring? A. A coat. B. Boots. C. A T-shirt. 3. What occurred with Larry last night? A. He was unable to find his hotel. B. He got caught in the rain. C. He fell into water. 4. Where is the woman planning to go tomorrow night? A. To the man’s house. B. To a cinema. C. To a restaurant. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A house. B. A workplace. C. A shopping mall. 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分） 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Type out her report. B. Repair her keyboard. C. Look for her keys. 7. What will the woman do next? A. Drink some juice. B. Pick up her friend. C. Go shopping. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. Where are the speakers? A. In the Book Building. B. At home. C. At a bus stop. 9. What did the man do yesterday evening? A. He bought a guide. B. He watched TV C. He had a match. 10. Which bus will the speakers take? A. No 29. B. No.37 C. No.52. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. What is the purpose of the call? A. To book a room. B. To arrange a tour. C. To confirm a reservation. 12. What does the woman request? A A room with a view. B. A special menu. C. A wake-up call. 13. How can guests receive a free meal? A. By staying a minimum of three nights. B. By reserving accommodations online. C. By making a booking during the off season. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. When was the youth club formed? A. In 2015. B. In 2008. C. In 2006. 15. What is Matthew? A. An engineer. B. A student. C. A teacher. 16. For what did Matthew’s club raise money? A. A hospital. B. A school. C. A park. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. Where is Kakadu National Park? A. In Austria B. In Australia. C. In Belgium. 18. How did the speaker feel after the Yellow Water Cruise? A. Worried. B. Disappointed. C. Pleased. 19. Why did the speaker buy the Sunrise & amp, Sunset ticket online? A. It was easy. B. It was popular. C. It was cheap. 20. What impressed the speaker most during the Yellow Water Cruise? A. Azure Kingfisher. B. Kakadu Culture Camp. C. Sunrise & Sunset. 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A We Want you! Company: Embassy Suites Location: US-CA- San Luis Obispo Employee Type: Full- Time/ Part-time Job Type: Receptionist Req’s Education: High School Req’s Experience: Less Than I Year CONTACT INFORMATION Contact: Rebecca Hyre Phone: 805.549.0800 Email: Rebecca@163.com Fax : Not Available DESCRIPTION ·Embassy Suites Hotel San Luis is currently accepting applications for front Desk Services Agent. Fulltime day and part time night positions open. ·Availability must include weekends and holidays. ·This position has a combination of duties mainly related, but not limited to checking-in hotel guests. We are seeking candidates who have the ability to: ⊙Understand guest inquires and provide responses in a helpful, courteous (礼貌的) manner. ⊙Promote positive relations with all individuals who approach the Front Desk and enter the hotel. ⊙Focus on the guest needs remaining calm and courteous. ⊙Input and access data in the computer. ⊙Ensure security and confidentiality of guest and hotel information. ⊙Work cooperatively with other departments and co-workers as part of a team. REQUIREMENTS ·Customer service experience preferred ·Please apply online by submitting a resume, including a cover letter. ·Apply in person, by handing in an application for employment, from the executive offices located within the hotel. 1. Those interested in this job may contact Rebecca Hyre ________ A. by fax. B. by e-mail. C. by post. D. by video call. 2. Who meets the competency requirements for the position? A. Tina, who favors an independent working mode. B. Judy, who has prior experience as a hotel manager. C. Amy, who excels at dealing with data and interpersonal relationships. D. Peter, who has good manners and a great passion for going on holidays. 3. Which is the possible method to apply for the position? A. By sending a fax to Rebecca@163.com. B. By writing emails to the executive offices. C. By handing an application letter to the Desk Services Agent. D. By submitting an application letter online along with a resume. B Every summer Europeans and tourists from all over the world sail by boat down the Danube River. Their trips often begin in Nuremberg, Germany, where they can visit the Imperial Castle, the ancient city wall, and the water fountain in Market Square. From Nuremberg, the boats proceed down the Danube to Melk, which for centuries was one of Europe’s most important religious centers. Among the interesting sights in Melk is its famous church tower. After Melk, the boats pass through wine country to Vienna. Called the “City of Waltzes”, Vienna has a magnificent opera house and an imperial palace. Aside trip from Vienna takes visitors into the Austrian Alps. The tour bus trip offers marvelous views of the surrounding countryside. From Vienna, the boats sail to Budapest. The capital of the central-European country of Hungary, Budapest boasts a history that’s more than 2,000 years old. The city’s name combines those of “Buda”, “Obuda” and “Pest”, once separate towns on either side of the Danube River. In 1873, these towns were unified and their names combined into one. Budapest’s World Heritage site also comprises several distinct areas, designated (指定) by UNESCO starting in 1987. These include the Castle District, the Banks of the Danube, Gellért Hill and Andrássy Avenue. At each of these locations, you can explore many hundreds of years of history, art and culture. One great way of doing so is through guided walking tours. Some of these tours are free, led by local people who have extensive knowledge of their city. Or, if you prefer something that’s faster-paced and easier on the legs, try a Segway tour! The Castle District displays centuries of the city’s history. Numerous attacks, wars and natural disasters destroyed much of the original Castle Quarter. Still, beauty and charm remain. 4. What does this article mainly describe? A. Voyages with several interesting stops. B. Cycling through urban and rural areas. C. Travel by air to a continent’s oldest towns. D. Fascinating rides on a historic railway. 5. What does Vienna’s nickname imply about the city? A. Its location made it an important political center. B. Hunting was a popular activity there years ago. C. It has attracted a lot of people who enjoy skating. D. Dancing has been an important part of its culture. 6. What does the article point out about some of the tours that people can take in Budapest? A. They frequently include a meal. B. They don’t cost anything. C. They require advance reservations. D. They may not be entirely safe. 7. According to the article, which have impacted Budapest’s Castle quarter in the past? A. International festivals. B. Military conflicts. C. An educational institution. D. Industrial expansion. C I used to think I was a good person. I was caring to my friends, my partner, my family; I gave to charity and I volunteered. But when I started training to become a therapist (治疗师), I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people, we don’t actually know ourselves very well. I learned about how we might, without consciously realizing it, deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad, pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others, so they become the bad people. I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority — whether we want to acknowledge them or not. It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. We first spoke two years ago. He was unemployed, living with his parents, watching his friends’ lives progress. A good grown-up, he told me, is “someone who has his ducks in a row” — and that wasn’t him. I also didn’t feel like the competent, confident grown-up I thought I should be — and neither did most of the adults I knew. I researched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later, if at all — from buying a home to getting married or starting a family. I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it. Then I saw Boru again. He told me how, over two years, he’d found a job he loves, rented a flat with a friend. He’s now cycling round the world, having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life. So what changed? “You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.” I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. Boru does it on his bike, I do it in psychoanalysis, others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music. That, for Boru, and for me, is what it means to “have his ducks in a row”. 8. What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselves? A. Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth. B. Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate. C. True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides. D. Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception. 9. What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about being a good grown-up? A. It involves having a clear career path and financial stability. B. It requires constant self-improvement and education. C. It means being employed and living independently. D. It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty. 10. What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adult? A. Escaping basic responsibilities. B. Delaying reaching traditional life milestones. C. Comparing personal achievements to others. D. Investigating changing patterns of adult life. 11. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why Hide Harms B. How to Be Better Adults C. Why Growing up Matters D. How to Have Effective Conversations D Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole. A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—it gives customers an important sense of a company’s philosophy. Consider Saturn Corporation (a wholly owned company of General Motors). Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with. Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance. But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100? Of course not. Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal. Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders. 12. Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategy? A. To maximize possible returns and profits. B. To maintain consistency in business operations. C. To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs. D. To attract customers to social events and trainings. 13. What does Saturn’s “no hassle, no haggle” policy (paragraph 2) most probably mean? A. Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely. B. Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers. C. Saturn cars are at least $100 cheaper than other cars. D. Saturn cars are sold at fixed, non-negotiable prices. 14. What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process? A. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information. B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input. C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process. D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best. 15. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. The art of coordinating pricing processes B. The best sales negotiation techniques C. Getting one step closer toward better pricing D. Maximizing profits through pricing policies 第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） Behind every great product is a great team. Teamwork in the workplace offers the staff the opportunity to become more familiar with each other and learn how to work together. ___16___. There are several ways in which teamwork is important to the success of the company and to the development of each employee. Efficiency (效率) Work teams develop systems that allow them to complete tasks efficiently. ___17___ the team’s work pace makes sure that the task is completed quickly and accurately. This allows the company to take on more work and also lets the company increase more income without having to add more staff. This becomes helpful when efficient teams from different departments work together. Support___18___ And a strong team environment can act as a support system for staff member. Work group members can help each other improve performance and work together toward improving professional development. Team members come to rely on each other and trust each other. ___19___, these bonds can be important. Ideas Teams in the workplace often met to discuss how to deal with company problems. When a team works well together, it allows staff members to feel more comfortable in offering suggestions. Team members become accustomed to processing brainstorming information. ___20___. A. There are challenges each day in any workplace B. When the team faces a particularly hard challenge C. We all know teamwork helps companies earn more money D. When a task is handed to a well-trained and efficient team E. It is also the fuel that allows employees and companies to have success F. The company surely benefits from various suggestions given by efficient teams G. One of the main benefits of a strong team environment is to share ideas with each other 第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species. ___21___, most of the bird species disappeared. While the death of many birds since the 1500s has been ___22___, our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils (化石), and these records are limited because birds’ lightweight bones are ___23___ over time. This conceals the true ___24___ of global extinctions. Researchers now believe 1,430 bird species — almost 12 per cent — have died out over modern human history since around 130,000 years ago, with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly ___25___ human activity. The study, led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and published in Nature Communications, used statistical modelling to ___26___ the undiscovered bird extinctions. Lead author Dr Rob Cooke, an ecological modeler at UKCEH, says:“Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher ___27___ impact on diversity than previously recognized. Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss, over-exploitation, and the introduction of rats, pigs, and dogs, which attacked the birds’ nests, and ___28___ with birds for food. We show that many species became extinct before written records and left no ___29___, lost from history.” Dr Søren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg, a co-author of the study, adds: “These historic extinctions have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis. The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied ____30____ roles, which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination (授粉). This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems, so, ____31____ bird extinctions, we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that ____32____ these species for survival.” Observations and fossils show 640 bird species have been driven extinct — 90 per cent of these on islands ____33____ by people. These ____34____ from the iconic (标志性的) Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe. But the researchers estimate there have been further 790 unknown extinctions, meaning a total of 1,430 lost species — leaving just under 11,000 today. Therefore, from the perspective of protecting species ____35____, the protection of birds is an urgent issue for mankind. 21. A. To some extent B. On average C. As a result D. In short 22. A. confirmed B. recorded C. concealed D. discussed 23. A. distracted B. disposed C. dismissed D. disintegrated 24. A. extent B. context C. outcome D. influence 25. A. due to B. other than C. instead of D. in spite of 26. A. declare B. illustrate C. estimate D. emphasize 27. A. climate B. human C. environmental D. natural 28. A. connected B. coped C. lived D. competed 29. A. trace B. route C. change D. proposal 30. A. interactive B. ecological C. productive D. social 31. A. in terms of B. because of C. except for D. in addition to 32. A. depend on B. interact with C. fight against D. stay away 33 A. inhabited B. removed C. developed D. killed 34. A. result B. range C. suffer D. date 35. A. origin B. project C. growth D. diversity 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For you the “Clear and Bright” day that falls in every April might be no more than just another holiday— the fact that it comes with three days off school matters to most students ____36____ more than the fact that it is part of the 24 solar terms. But the UNESCO has recognized the importance of the 24 solar terms. This ancient system that Chinese people have used to keep track of the time of year ____37____ (add) to the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Nov 30. For starters, you may have heard your mom say: “The sanfu days are almost over. The heat won’t be here for long.” The sanfu days are a period of time that ____38____ (fall) in summer, somewhere ____39____ Minor Heat (in July) and Autumn Equinox (in September). The coldest days, or the sanjiu days, are similar. They cover the 27 days ____40____ (follow) Winter Solstice. In some places, solar terms guide people’s lives through special foods,____41____ (culture) events and healthy living tips. For example, people from northern China are in the habit of eating dumplings on the day of Winter Solstice. And on Start of Autumn, some people treat ____42____ to a big feast, especially of meat, something they call “putting on autumn weight”, or tieqiubiao. But no matter ____43____ differently people celebrate the 24 solar terms, they have been here for a long time and could last forever. According to Chinese writer and academic Yu Shicun, unlike many other examples of intangible cultural heritage-Peking Opera and Chinese Zhusuan, for example-the solar terms are neither regional (地域的) nor a type of art or skill. Instead, the system is a philosophy of time,____44____ applies to everything. And this means they are ____45____ (likely) to die out. 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是李华，两周前你网购了一套丛书，昨天才到货，还存在其他问题，请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下： 1. 陈述写信目的； 2. 投诉内容； 3. 提出你的要求。 注意: 1. 词数80词左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 3. 开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear sir or madam, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数应为150左右。 Desiree, a 4-year-old girl, was sobbing quietly over her father, Ken, who had died nine months earlier. She was hugging a photograph of her father with her fingers running around his face. “Daddy”, she said softly, “Why won't you come back?” Instead of gradually adjusting to her father's death, Desiree refused to accept it “Daddy will be home soon,” she'd tell her mother. “He's at work.” When she played with her toy telephone, she pretended she was chatting with her father “I miss you, Daddy,” she'd say. “When will you come back?” Desiree's situation made her mother worried. Days later, it was Ken's birthday. “How will I send him a card?” Desiree asked her mother “How about if we tie a litter to a balloon.” her mother said, “and send it up to heaven?” Desiree's eyes immediately lit up. Her mother took her to a store and Desiree picked out a balloon with HAPPY BIRTHDAY above a drawing of The Little Mermaid (美人鱼). Desire and her father had often watched it. The child's eyes shone as they were on the way to Ken's grave. Then Desiree dictated (口述) a letter to her Dad. “Daddy, Happy birthday, I love you and miss you,” she rattled off (快速说). “I hope you get this and can write to me on my birthday in January.” Her mother wrote the message and their address on a small piece of paper, which was then wrapped in plastic and tied to the end of the string on the balloon. Finally, Desiree let fly the balloon. For almost an hour, they watched the shining spot of silver grow smaller and smaller till disappear. “Now Dad's going to write back to me,” Desiree said confidently. Every day since they'd flew the balloon, Desiree had asked her mother, “Do you think Daddy has my balloon yet?” Several weeks passed, and she stopped asking. Paragraph 1 One day, 3,000 miles away, Wade was on a duck hunt when suddenly something in the bush caught his eyes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2 Desire's fifth birthday came and later on the afternoon, a package arrived. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$