专题01 语法填空词形转化及名校真题特训-【决胜春考】2024年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（浙江专用）

考点01 语法填空中词形转化及名校真题特训 ·模块一 构词法知识梳理 ·模块二 常考词性转化规则 ·模块三 语法填空中词形转化解题策略 ·模块四 名校试题词形转化专练 ·模块五 高考真题特训 模块一 构词法知识梳理 1、 Derivation(派生) 英语构词方法主要有派生、转化和合成三种。派生词的构成往往是通过词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的词汇。我们可以用不同的后缀来构成名词、形容词、动词、副词和数词等。一般来说，给一个词加上前缀，通常词性不变，而改变词义，如fair(adj．公平的)一unfair(adj.不公平的)；给一个词加上后缀，通常词义不变，而改变词性，如invent(v.发明)一invention(n．发明)。 常用后缀和前缀介绍： 1．后缀 (1)常用的构成名词的后缀及相关例词： 后 缀 后缀所表含义 例词 —er ……的人, ……者 teacher writer —or ……者 actor conductor —ist 专业人员 scientist artist —ian 精通……的人 musician physician —ism ……主义 socialism terrorism —ness 表性质或状态 carelessness happiness —tion 表示动作、过程或结果 action operation —age 同上 marriage shortage —ure 同上 pressure pleasure —ment 同上 movement involvement —ity 表性质或状态 activity possibility (2)常用的构成形容词的后缀及相关例词：(表示“具有……性质”或“与……有关’’) —ful helpful useful —less careless useless —ish selfish foolish —ive active objective —ous obvious continuous —able capable comfortable —ly friendly comradely —en golden wooden —y handy rainy —some handsome awesome (3)常用的构成动词的后缀及相关例词：(表示“使…一化”或“使……成为、变得”) —ize realize socialze —en shorten sharpen —ify classify simplify (4)常用的构成副词的后缀及相关例词：(表示“方式、程度”或“方向”) 一ly happily angrily —wise clockwise otherwise —ward(s) forward backward (5)常用的构成数词的后缀及相关例词： —th ninth twelfth —ty twenty thirty —teen thirteen fourteen 2．前缀 (1)常见的前缀及含义和相关例词： 前缀 前缀所表含义 例词 re— 重新，再 rewrite rebuild mis— 弄错 misunderstand mistake co— 共同的 cooperate co-editor anti— 反对 anti-pollution anti-bomb mini— 小 miniskirt minibus pre— 预先，在……前 preschool pre-liberation post— 在……后 post-war postgraduate super— 超，超级 superstar supermarket tele— 远距离 telephone television inter— 相互，在……间 international internet (2)常用的构成反义词的前缀及相关例词：（表示“不”或“非”） un— unhappy unnecessary dis— dislike dishonest in— informal inconvenient im— immoral impolite ir— irregular irrational il— illegal illogical non— non-stop non-polluting 2、 Conversion(转化) 转化是指单词由一个词类转变成另一个词类，但其基本意思不变。合成是指把两个不同词类的词加在一起构成一个新词，它可以是形容词，也可以是名词或其他词类。 转化类型 例词 例句 动词转化为名词 try Let me have a try. swim We stooped there for a swim. 名词转化为动词 book Have you booked your ticket? chair Who chaired the meeting? 形容词转化为动词 slow The train slowed down to half its speed. narrow This is the chief way to narrow the differences between them. 形容词转化为名词 dear He is a dear. （他是个讨人喜欢的孩子） final They’ re running in the final. 注意：有些词可以词形不变用作另一类词，但重音发生改变。较常见的是一些双音节词，作动词时重音在后， 作名词时重音在前。 例词 动词含义（重音在前） 名词含义（重音在后） conduct 指挥，导电 行为 contest 竞争 比赛 contrast 形成对比 对比 digest 消化 摘要，文摘 export 输出，出口 出口 import 进口，输入 进 increase 增加 增加 permit 准许，允许 许可证 present 赠送，上演 礼物 produce 生产 农产品 protest 抗议 抗议 record 记录，录音 记录，唱片 survey 勘查，考察 勘查，考察 suspect 怀疑，疑心 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人 transport 运输，运送 运输 3、 Compounding(合成) 英语中常见的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词、合成动词和合成副词，其中以合成形容 词最为活跃。如：long-term，open-air，down-to-earth；sightseeing，cross-roads，take-off；airdrop，mass-produce；warm-heartedly，furthermore． (1)合成形容词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方法 例词 形容词+名词+ed Noble-minded高尚的 Good-tempered好脾气的 形容词+现在分词 Good-looking好看的 Fine-sounding动听的 副词+现在分词 Hard-working勤劳的 Far-reaching深远的 名词+现在分词 Peace-loving热爱和平的 Record-breaking破记录的 名词+过去分词 State-owrmd国有的 Heartbroken心碎的 副词+过去分词 Well-known著名的 Widespread广泛流传的 形容词+名词 Large-scale大规模的 High-class高级的 数词+名词+ed Three-legged三条腿的 Five-starred五颗星的 名词+形容词 Duty-free免税的 Homesick想家的 (2)合成名词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方式 例词 名词+名词 Silkworm蚕 Bloodtest验血 形容词+名词 Double-dealer两面派 Shorthand速记 动名词+名词 Waiting-room候车室 Sleeping-pills安眠药 动词+名词 Pickpocket扒手 Cross-roads十字路口 名词+动名词 Handwriting书法 Sun-bathing目光浴 动词+副词 Get-together聚会 Breakthrough突破 副词+动词 Downfall垮台 Outbreak爆发 模块二 常考词性转化规则 一. 动词、形容词转换为名词 1.动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -ion/-tion/ -sion/ation correct→ correction改正 celebrate-celebration庆祝;庆祝会 attract→ attraction吸引 conclude→ conclusion结论;结束 discuss discussion讨论;辩论 decide→decision决定 admit→admission接纳;准许入学 invite→invitation邀请 explain→ explanation解释 graduate→graduation毕业 expect→expectation期望 -er/-or drive→driver司机;驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者;采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 -ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve--achievement功绩;成就 argue →argument辩论;论据 treat→treatment对待;治疗 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern →government政府 -ance/-ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 guide→guidance指引;指导 perform→performance表演;节目 exist→existence存在;生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考;查阅 -ure/-ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix →mixture混合;混合物 -ing hear→hearing听力;听觉 begin→ beginning开始 -y recover→recovery恢复;痊愈 discover -discovery发现 其他 choose→choice选择 vary →variety多样化;种类 tend→tendency趋向;趋势 2.形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -age short→shortage不足;短缺 -cy efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency流利;流畅 accurate→ accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私;私密 -dom free→ freedom自由;自主 wise→wisdom明智;智慧 -ence different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默 ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 kind→kindness仁慈;好意 careless→carelessness粗心大意 th strong→strength力气;强项 warm →warmth温暖;热情 -y/-ty/-ity safe→safety安全 disable→disability无能;伤残 responsible→ responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 二．名司、动词转为形容词 后缀 例词 -able acceptable可接受的 comfort→ comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的 reason→reasonable有道理的 -al music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 centre→central中央的,中心的 person→personal个人的私人的 nature→natural自然的;天生的 -ful doubt →doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的 peace→peaceful和平的 -ed scare→ scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的 underline→underlined下划线的 -ing surprise →surprising令人惊异的 convince →convincing令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying令人满意的 -ible access→accessible易取得的 horror -horrible可怕的;恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的 -ive act →active积极的;活跃的 effect→effective有效的;生效的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress--impressive给人深刻印象的 -ous continue→continuous不断的;持续的 anxiety →anxious忧虑的 caution →cautious小心的；谨慎的 curiosity →curious好奇的 humor→humorous幽默的 -some tire→tiresome令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome麻烦的 -y taste→tasty美味的;可口的 health→ healthy健康的 wealth→wealthy富裕的;丰富的 -ern east→eastern东方的;向东的 -ish child→childish孩子气的 fool→foolish愚的;可笑的 self→selfish自私的 三．形容词转为副词 类别 例词 直接加-ly clear→clearly清楚地 great →greatly很，大大地 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加 ly happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地 词尾为ble/le的形容词去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly可怕地，极度地 gentle→gently轻轻地 词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e。再加-ly true→truly真实地 词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully充分地;完全地 dull→dully迟钝地 词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic→ basically主要地，基本上 scientific→scientifically合乎科学地 模块三 语法填空中词形转化解题策略 词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。 如何判断是否考查词形转换 解题攻略 例 •第一步：确定是否考查词形转换： 提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 •第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词： 根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换为名词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。 【例】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________ (develop) of the local areas. 分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换 提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词 根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名词。 1.动词转换为形容词： ①-able结尾的形容词 accept→acceptable　 可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能适应的 admire→admirable 可钦佩的 adjust→adjustable 可调节的 afford→affordable 负担的起的 ②v.＋ed/ing　　　　 转换为形容词 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 worry→worried 担心的 excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的 ③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词 attract→attractive　　 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 ④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词 cheer→cheerful　　　 兴高采烈的 doubt→doubtful 怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 thank→thankful 感激的 2．动词转换为名词 ①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为” celebrate→celebration n．庆祝 compete→competition n．比赛 pollute→pollution n．污染 educate→ education n．教育 ②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果” achieve→achievement n．成就 announce→announcement n．宣布 argue→argument n．争论， 论据 develop→development n．发展 ③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人” perform→performer n．表演者 settle→settler n．移民者 educate→educator n．教育家 direct→director n．导演 3.名词的单复数： 若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数： ①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。 ②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。 ③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。 4.名词转换成形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。 注意名词变形容词的后缀 ①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable ②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural ③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful ④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden ⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy 5.名词转换成动词 提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀 ①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励 danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险 ②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强 ③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉 6.填名词的所有格 提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。 ①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。 ②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。 7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词 根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。 8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级 (1)利用标志词确定比较等级 ①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。 ②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。 ③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。 (2)利用固定句型 “the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。 (3)利用隐含信息判断 句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。 9.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词； 1．作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等) 2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours, its等) 3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等) 4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等) 5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。 6．that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。 模块四 词形转化专练 1. Throughout the buffet dinner, we enjoyed several fantastic ______ (perform). 2.When whisky is first made, it is __________ (actual) clear, not brown in colour. 3.Chinese high-speed railways are a very______ (comfort) way to travel. 4.Because of the_____（complex） of this scattering process， the light field emitted by a random laser is also spatially complex and not focused like a regular laser beam． 5.It was he who first set up private schools and received students from every walk of life without _____ (consider) of their social status.6.This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 7According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption. 8.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up. 9. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems. 10.However, be　 　(care)not to go to extremes. 11.This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. 12. （The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 13.She is determined to carry on with her (educate)． 14I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. 15.The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and ______(culture) significance，but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter. 16.More young, working urban residents are delaying or even choosing not to ______ (active) seek their partners despite the social pressure from the older generations to do so. 17.The idea is ______(fair) simple:Spot a piece of trash，take a photo，post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins. 18.Jeff started to take _____(act).He created Litterati，an app that makes it fun to pick up litter. 19.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in __________ (weigh) problems. 20.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ____________ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment. 21.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _____ (believe) that populations are increasing. 22.We are so proud of her. It's (wonder).” 23.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. 24.School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. 25.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 1 (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always2 (energy)． 模块五 名校模考题特训 （2024·浙江北斗星盟·阶段考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is often time-consuming to travel by car or bus in a country 1 size of China. Consequently, high speed trains make good sense. An early attempt 2 (find) a technological breakthrough for high speed rail travel in China was the Shanghai Maglev (磁悬浮列车), which opened to the public in 2004．As the first 3 (commerce) magnetic-levitation train in the world, it connects Shanghai’s Pudong International Airport with the Shanghai subway system, 4 (travel) a distance of 30 kilometers in 8 minutes. In 2007, the Chinese Ministry of Railways began joint ventures (风险事业) 5 four companies (from Canada, Japan, France and Germany) to develop high speed rail within China. As Chinese railway technology 6 (mature), the development of the high-speed rail system became 7 (increase) localized, until the all-Chinese Fuxing Hao (Renaissance) 8 (create) and rolled into production in 2017. China now has nearly 30,000 kilometers of high speed track. Using high speed rail, 9 used to be a 34-hour journey can now be accomplished in just seven to nine hours. While this is still a long journey, it means you can leave in the morning 10 arrive in the afternoon. （2024·浙江湖州·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is considered one of the most extraordinary documentary film 11 (project) ever made, a film shot in every country of the world 12 the same day, involving 3,000 hours of footage in 70 languages from 19,000 volunteer filmmakers around the world. The 104-minute film, One Day on Earth, is a visual poem 13 (star) everyone on the planet. It’s about you and me, the times we live in, and our place in 14 puzzle of humanity. Director Kyle Ruddick and executive producer Brandon Litman 15 (be) the two young forces behind One Day on Earth. They met at the University of Southern California, where Ruddick studied film 16 Litman majored in business. Although both had worked on short-length 17 (commerce) and broadcast projects, they had never attempted anything like One Day on Earth, their first feature-length film, and neither had anyone else. Ruddick and Litman came up with the idea for the film in 2008 at a world music festival, 18 they heard musicians who had never met before play together for the first time. After a few awkward attempts, the musicians soon discovered a way 19 (create) a beautiful fusion of music. In a similar way, “the editorial process was a process of discovery,” said Ruddick. “You couldn’t make this sort of film without being 20 (complete) open to what you receive.” （2024·浙江嘉兴·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The terms “high-context culture” and “low-context culture” 21 ( introduce) by Edward Hall in the 1970s as part of his research on intercultural communication and understanding. “High-context culture” countries rely on indirect communication and silent 22 (signal) such as facial expressions and body language. Communication is built on relationships, shared experiences and emotions to make decisions, and avoiding 23 (open) expressing disagreements. “Low-context culture” countries like Australia and Germany rely on direct communication and 24 (write) rules to convey meaning. They rely less on shared assumptions of the group and the context of the situation, 25 results in the need for being more precise. Understanding “high-context and low-context cultures” is a huge advantage for global businesses, as it has an impact 26 communication, negotiation, and more. Even websites can differ, with “high-context culture” websites often 27 (feature) more animation (动画), and “low-context culture” websites highlighting textual information. Besides cultural context, 28 (person) experiences and preferences also shape communication, so it’s important 29 (note) that every person, country, companies, and groups have 30 mix of both— so understanding, listening, and observing will always outweigh theories. But they are great tools to better perceive the world around us. （23-24金华三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Following Zibo and Harbin, Tianshui, 31 ancient Silk Road city in Northwest China’s Gansu Province, became the latest place that has caused a nationwide craze thanks to its malatang, or spicy hot pot. Tianshui spicy hot pot 32 (make) by cooking raw ingredients (原料) — meats, vegetables and noodles, in a pot of boiling broth. Then they are rolled into a large steel basin, drizzled with garlic sauce, sprinkled with Tianshui peppercorns and crushed peanuts, 33 (brush) with bright red chili oil, and colored with coriander and green onions. Fragrant and 34 (visual) appealing, it provokes (刺激) taste buds on the tip of tourists’ tongue. Different 35 Sichuan cuisine, the secrets to the unique flavor and attractive appearance of Tianshui malatang come from local speciality ingredients in Tianshui — Gangu chili peppers and Maiji peppercorns, both 36 (belong) to local speciality agricultural industries. Unlike the peppers used throughout Sichuan, the Tianshui pepper is fragrant and juicy. It 37 (burn) in the mouth but is smooth in the stomach. Tianshui not only has delicious spicy hot pot food, but also stands out for its distinctive 38 (region) culture. Its grottoes and murals (石窟与壁画) are among the most famous art 39 (form) in Gansu. The Maijishan Grottoes, 40 are home to 221 caves and more than 1,000 square meters of ancient murals, are known for their impressive beauty. （2024·浙江台州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When it comes to ancient Chinese detectives, the name Di Renjie, a famous judge and administrator of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), often 41 (spring) to mind. For centuries, Di has been portrayed as a heroic 42 (investigate) in popular novels and stories throughout ancient China, who was highly logical and dialectical (辩证的), and much adored by his 43 (contemporary). Today, this tradition lives on in Chinese entertainment, with numerous TV and film adaptations of Di’s detective stories. The new TV series “Judge Dee’s Mystery” records the life of Judge Dee. While solving various criminal cases in different places 44 he serves during the early stages of his career, Dee also uncovers the mystery 45 (surround) his own birth. 46 traditional Chinese detective fiction, which often combines supernatural elements, the new series emphasizes logic, reason, and realism. Facing a tangled web of cases, Judge Dee and his assistants employ reasoning skills to crack mysteries. “ 47 (compare) to other adaptations of Di Renjie’s stories, our drama stands out for its diversity and inclusiveness,” said Li Yunliang, the director of the series. However, the series never intends to pursue a faithful recreation of the Tang Dynasty 48 offers a modern interpretation of the classical stories that still resonate with contemporary audiences. Li believes that every Western audience can gain 49 unique insight into Judge Dee’s character and the cultural roots of Chinese civilization. “Judge Dee shows traditional Chinese virtue s that deserve 50 (admire) by the Chinese people.” he adds. 模块六 高考真题特训 （2024·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 1 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 3 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 4 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 5 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 6 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 9 other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 10 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. （2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting 11 (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not 12 (do). John Olson, a former 13 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 14 blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their 15 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 16 (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 17 age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 18 (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means 19 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 20 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” （2022·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 21 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — 22 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 23 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 24 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 25 (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — 26 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 27 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 28 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the 29 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 30 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding.", she says, "a really positive change." 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点01 语法填空中词形转化及名校真题特训 ·模块一 构词法知识梳理 ·模块二 常考词性转化规则 ·模块三 语法填空中词形转化解题策略 ·模块四 名校试题词形转化专练 ·模块五 高考真题特训 模块一 构词法知识梳理 1、 Derivation(派生) 英语构词方法主要有派生、转化和合成三种。派生词的构成往往是通过词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的词汇。我们可以用不同的后缀来构成名词、形容词、动词、副词和数词等。一般来说，给一个词加上前缀，通常词性不变，而改变词义，如fair(adj．公平的)一unfair(adj.不公平的)；给一个词加上后缀，通常词义不变，而改变词性，如invent(v.发明)一invention(n．发明)。 常用后缀和前缀介绍： 1．后缀 (1)常用的构成名词的后缀及相关例词： 后 缀 后缀所表含义 例词 —er ……的人, ……者 teacher writer —or ……者 actor conductor —ist 专业人员 scientist artist —ian 精通……的人 musician physician —ism ……主义 socialism terrorism —ness 表性质或状态 carelessness happiness —tion 表示动作、过程或结果 action operation —age 同上 marriage shortage —ure 同上 pressure pleasure —ment 同上 movement involvement —ity 表性质或状态 activity possibility (2)常用的构成形容词的后缀及相关例词：(表示“具有……性质”或“与……有关’’) —ful helpful useful —less careless useless —ish selfish foolish —ive active objective —ous obvious continuous —able capable comfortable —ly friendly comradely —en golden wooden —y handy rainy —some handsome awesome (3)常用的构成动词的后缀及相关例词：(表示“使…一化”或“使……成为、变得”) —ize realize socialze —en shorten sharpen —ify classify simplify (4)常用的构成副词的后缀及相关例词：(表示“方式、程度”或“方向”) 一ly happily angrily —wise clockwise otherwise —ward(s) forward backward (5)常用的构成数词的后缀及相关例词： —th ninth twelfth —ty twenty thirty —teen thirteen fourteen 2．前缀 (1)常见的前缀及含义和相关例词： 前缀 前缀所表含义 例词 re— 重新，再 rewrite rebuild mis— 弄错 misunderstand mistake co— 共同的 cooperate co-editor anti— 反对 anti-pollution anti-bomb mini— 小 miniskirt minibus pre— 预先，在……前 preschool pre-liberation post— 在……后 post-war postgraduate super— 超，超级 superstar supermarket tele— 远距离 telephone television inter— 相互，在……间 international internet (2)常用的构成反义词的前缀及相关例词：（表示“不”或“非”） un— unhappy unnecessary dis— dislike dishonest in— informal inconvenient im— immoral impolite ir— irregular irrational il— illegal illogical non— non-stop non-polluting 2、 Conversion(转化) 转化是指单词由一个词类转变成另一个词类，但其基本意思不变。合成是指把两个不同词类的词加在一起构成一个新词，它可以是形容词，也可以是名词或其他词类。 转化类型 例词 例句 动词转化为名词 try Let me have a try. swim We stooped there for a swim. 名词转化为动词 book Have you booked your ticket? chair Who chaired the meeting? 形容词转化为动词 slow The train slowed down to half its speed. narrow This is the chief way to narrow the differences between them. 形容词转化为名词 dear He is a dear. （他是个讨人喜欢的孩子） final They’ re running in the final. 注意：有些词可以词形不变用作另一类词，但重音发生改变。较常见的是一些双音节词，作动词时重音在后， 作名词时重音在前。 例词 动词含义（重音在前） 名词含义（重音在后） conduct 指挥，导电 行为 contest 竞争 比赛 contrast 形成对比 对比 digest 消化 摘要，文摘 export 输出，出口 出口 import 进口，输入 进 increase 增加 增加 permit 准许，允许 许可证 present 赠送，上演 礼物 produce 生产 农产品 protest 抗议 抗议 record 记录，录音 记录，唱片 survey 勘查，考察 勘查，考察 suspect 怀疑，疑心 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人 transport 运输，运送 运输 3、 Compounding(合成) 英语中常见的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词、合成动词和合成副词，其中以合成形容 词最为活跃。如：long-term，open-air，down-to-earth；sightseeing，cross-roads，take-off；airdrop，mass-produce；warm-heartedly，furthermore． (1)合成形容词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方法 例词 形容词+名词+ed Noble-minded高尚的 Good-tempered好脾气的 形容词+现在分词 Good-looking好看的 Fine-sounding动听的 副词+现在分词 Hard-working勤劳的 Far-reaching深远的 名词+现在分词 Peace-loving热爱和平的 Record-breaking破记录的 名词+过去分词 State-owrmd国有的 Heartbroken心碎的 副词+过去分词 Well-known著名的 Widespread广泛流传的 形容词+名词 Large-scale大规模的 High-class高级的 数词+名词+ed Three-legged三条腿的 Five-starred五颗星的 名词+形容词 Duty-free免税的 Homesick想家的 (2)合成名词通常有以下常见的构词方法： 构成方式 例词 名词+名词 Silkworm蚕 Bloodtest验血 形容词+名词 Double-dealer两面派 Shorthand速记 动名词+名词 Waiting-room候车室 Sleeping-pills安眠药 动词+名词 Pickpocket扒手 Cross-roads十字路口 名词+动名词 Handwriting书法 Sun-bathing目光浴 动词+副词 Get-together聚会 Breakthrough突破 副词+动词 Downfall垮台 Outbreak爆发 模块二 常考词性转化规则 一. 动词、形容词转换为名词 1.动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -ion/-tion/ -sion/ation correct→ correction改正 celebrate-celebration庆祝;庆祝会 attract→ attraction吸引 conclude→ conclusion结论;结束 discuss discussion讨论;辩论 decide→decision决定 admit→admission接纳;准许入学 invite→invitation邀请 explain→ explanation解释 graduate→graduation毕业 expect→expectation期望 -er/-or drive→driver司机;驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者;采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 -ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve--achievement功绩;成就 argue →argument辩论;论据 treat→treatment对待;治疗 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern →government政府 -ance/-ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 guide→guidance指引;指导 perform→performance表演;节目 exist→existence存在;生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考;查阅 -ure/-ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix →mixture混合;混合物 -ing hear→hearing听力;听觉 begin→ beginning开始 -y recover→recovery恢复;痊愈 discover -discovery发现 其他 choose→choice选择 vary →variety多样化;种类 tend→tendency趋向;趋势 2.形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -age short→shortage不足;短缺 -cy efficient→efficiency效率;功效 fluent→fluency流利;流畅 accurate→ accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私;私密 -dom free→ freedom自由;自主 wise→wisdom明智;智慧 -ence different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默 ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 kind→kindness仁慈;好意 careless→carelessness粗心大意 th strong→strength力气;强项 warm →warmth温暖;热情 -y/-ty/-ity safe→safety安全 disable→disability无能;伤残 responsible→ responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 二．名司、动词转为形容词 后缀 例词 -able acceptable可接受的 comfort→ comfortable舒适的 fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的 reason→reasonable有道理的 -al music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 centre→central中央的,中心的 person→personal个人的私人的 nature→natural自然的;天生的 -ful doubt →doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的 peace→peaceful和平的 -ed scare→ scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的 underline→underlined下划线的 -ing surprise →surprising令人惊异的 convince →convincing令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying令人满意的 -ible access→accessible易取得的 horror -horrible可怕的;恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的 -ive act →active积极的;活跃的 effect→effective有效的;生效的 attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress--impressive给人深刻印象的 -ous continue→continuous不断的;持续的 anxiety →anxious忧虑的 caution →cautious小心的；谨慎的 curiosity →curious好奇的 humor→humorous幽默的 -some tire→tiresome令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome麻烦的 -y taste→tasty美味的;可口的 health→ healthy健康的 wealth→wealthy富裕的;丰富的 -ern east→eastern东方的;向东的 -ish child→childish孩子气的 fool→foolish愚的;可笑的 self→selfish自私的 三．形容词转为副词 类别 例词 直接加-ly clear→clearly清楚地 great →greatly很，大大地 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加 ly happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地 词尾为ble/le的形容词去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly可怕地，极度地 gentle→gently轻轻地 词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e。再加-ly true→truly真实地 词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully充分地;完全地 dull→dully迟钝地 词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally basic→ basically主要地，基本上 scientific→scientifically合乎科学地 模块三 语法填空中词形转化解题策略 词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。 如何判断是否考查词形转换 解题攻略 例 •第一步：确定是否考查词形转换： 提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 •第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词： 根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换为名词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。 【例】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________ (develop) of the local areas. 分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换 提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词 根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名词。 1.动词转换为形容词： ①-able结尾的形容词 accept→acceptable　 可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能适应的 admire→admirable 可钦佩的 adjust→adjustable 可调节的 afford→affordable 负担的起的 ②v.＋ed/ing　　　　 转换为形容词 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 worry→worried 担心的 excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的 ③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词 attract→attractive　　 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 ④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词 cheer→cheerful　　　 兴高采烈的 doubt→doubtful 怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 thank→thankful 感激的 2．动词转换为名词 ①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为” celebrate→celebration n．庆祝 compete→competition n．比赛 pollute→pollution n．污染 educate→ education n．教育 ②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果” achieve→achievement n．成就 announce→announcement n．宣布 argue→argument n．争论， 论据 develop→development n．发展 ③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人” perform→performer n．表演者 settle→settler n．移民者 educate→educator n．教育家 direct→director n．导演 3.名词的单复数： 若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数： ①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。 ②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。 ③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。 4.名词转换成形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。 注意名词变形容词的后缀 ①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable ②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural ③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful ④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden ⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy 5.名词转换成动词 提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀 ①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励 danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险 ②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强 ③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉 6.填名词的所有格 提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。 ①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。 ②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。 7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词 根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。 8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级 (1)利用标志词确定比较等级 ①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。 ②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。 ③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。 (2)利用固定句型 “the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。 (3)利用隐含信息判断 句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。 9.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词； 1．作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等) 2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours, its等) 3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等) 4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等) 5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。 6．that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。 模块四 词形转化专练 1. Throughout the buffet dinner, we enjoyed several fantastic ______ (perform). 【答案】performances 【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为名词。句意：在自助餐的过程中，我们欣赏了几场精彩的表演。该空作句子宾语，用名词，且被several修饰，用名词复数，所以填performances。 2.When whisky is first made, it is __________ (actual) clear, not brown in colour. 【答案】actually 【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。句意：当威士忌酒初次酿造时，它的颜色实际上是清澈的，而不是棕色的。此处用副词作状语修饰谓语动词，故填actually。 3.Chinese high-speed railways are a very______ (comfort) way to travel. 【答案】comfortable 【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。句意：中国高铁是一种很舒服的旅行方式。修饰名词way用形容词，故用comfortable。 4.Because of the_____（complex） of this scattering process， the light field emitted by a random laser is also spatially complex and not focused like a regular laser beam． 【答案】complexity 【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为名词。because of后面接名词或名词短语，故填complexity。 5.It was he who first set up private schools and received students from every walk of life without _____ (consider) of their social status. 【答案】consideration 【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为名词。此处指孔子接收来自各行各业的学生，而不考虑他们的社会地位。介词without后加名词作宾语，故填consideration. 6.This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【答案】pollution 【解析】考查词性转化。pollution 考查名词。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。 7According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption. 【答案】global 【解析】考查词性转化。global 考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。 8.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up. 【答案】affordable 【解析】考查词性转化。affordable 考查形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，故填形容词affordable。[来源:学科网] 9. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems. 【答案】affordable 【解析】考查词性转化。weight 考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，故空处需要填名词weight。 10.However, be　 　(care)not to go to extremes. 【答案】careful 【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。 [知识链接]　常见的以­ful结尾的形容词： awful糟糕的，极坏的　　　　　 beautiful美丽的 wonderful美妙的，精彩的 helpful有帮助的 useful有用的 meaningful有意义的 thankful感谢的 grateful感激的 careful仔细的 colorful五彩缤纷的 regretful遗憾的 hopeful有希望的 11.This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. 【答案】introduction 【解析】考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。 [知识链接] 名词后缀ion： graduation毕业 discussion讨论 translation翻译 correction改正 connection连接 separation分离 expression表达 association联系 exhibition展览 election选举 possession占有 completion完成 decision决定 permission允许 admission允许进入 12. （The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 【答案】successful 【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。 [知识链接] 形容词后缀ful： successful成功的 careful细心的 hopeful充满希望的 helpful有帮助的 useful有用的 cheerful高兴的 grateful感激的 thankful感激的 powerful强有力的 13.She is determined to carry on with her (educate)． 【答案】education 【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。 [拓展]v.＋tion→n. attract→attraction n．吸引 collect→collection n．收集 corporate→corporation n．合作 connect→connection n．联合 construct→construction n．建设 elect→election n．选举 exhibit→exhibition n．展览 invent→invention n．发明 operate→operation n．操作 pollute→pollution n．污染 produce→production n．生产 protect→protection n．保护 14I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. 【答案】difference改为different 【解析】考查词性转化之名词变动词。形容词修饰名词kinds。 15.The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and ______(culture) significance，but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter. 【答案】cultural 【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。此处修饰significance，做定语，应使用形容词。故填cultural。 16.More young, working urban residents are delaying or even choosing not to ______ (active) seek their partners despite the social pressure from the older generations to do so. 【答案】actively 【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。句意：但更多年轻、有工作的城市居民推迟甚至不积极主动寻找伴侣。分析句子可知，本空在句中修饰动词seek，修饰动词要用副词形式，故填actively。 17.The idea is ______(fair) simple:Spot a piece of trash，take a photo，post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins. 【答案】fairly 【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。句意：这个想法非常简单：找到一片垃圾，拍一张照片，把照片上传到网上，然后把垃圾扔进垃圾桶里。句中应该使用副词充当状语修饰形容词simple。所以要填fairly。 18.Jeff started to take _____(act).He created Litterati，an app that makes it fun to pick up litter. 【答案】action 【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为名词。句意：Jeff开始采取行动了。动词短语take action意为“采取行动”，名词action充当动词take的宾语。所以句中要填action。 19.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in __________ (weigh) problems. 【答案】weight 【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，故空处需要填名词weight。 20.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ____________ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment. 【答案】ability 【解析】考查词性转换之形容词变为名词。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。 21.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _____ (believe) that populations are increasing. 【答案】belief 【解析】考查词性转化。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief 22.We are so proud of her. It's (wonder).” 【答案】wonderful 【解析】考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wonder转化为形容词wonderful。故填wonderful。 23.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. 【答案】competition 【解析】考查词性转化。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。 24.School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. 【答案】traditional 【解析】考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。 25.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 1 (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always2 (energy)． 【答案】第一空strengthen ；第二空energetic 【解析】考查词性转化。第一空，分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。第二空，and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。 模块五 名校模考题特训 （2024·浙江北斗星盟·阶段考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is often time-consuming to travel by car or bus in a country 1 size of China. Consequently, high speed trains make good sense. An early attempt 2 (find) a technological breakthrough for high speed rail travel in China was the Shanghai Maglev (磁悬浮列车), which opened to the public in 2004．As the first 3 (commerce) magnetic-levitation train in the world, it connects Shanghai’s Pudong International Airport with the Shanghai subway system, 4 (travel) a distance of 30 kilometers in 8 minutes. In 2007, the Chinese Ministry of Railways began joint ventures (风险事业) 5 four companies (from Canada, Japan, France and Germany) to develop high speed rail within China. As Chinese railway technology 6 (mature), the development of the high-speed rail system became 7 (increase) localized, until the all-Chinese Fuxing Hao (Renaissance) 8 (create) and rolled into production in 2017. China now has nearly 30,000 kilometers of high speed track. Using high speed rail, 9 used to be a 34-hour journey can now be accomplished in just seven to nine hours. While this is still a long journey, it means you can leave in the morning 10 arrive in the afternoon. 【答案】 1．the 2．to find 3．commercial 4．travelling/traveling 5．with 6．matured 7．increasingly 8．was created 9．what 10．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国高铁的发展。 1．考查冠词。句意：在中国这么大的国家，乘汽车或公共汽车旅行往往很耗时。此处size特指中国的大小应用定冠词。故填the。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：为中国高速铁路旅行寻找技术突破的早期尝试是2004年向公众开放的上海磁悬浮列车。短语attempt to do sth.表示“尝试……”。故填to find。 3．考查形容词。句意：作为世界上第一列商用磁悬浮列车，它将上海浦东国际机场与上海地铁系统连接起来，在8分钟内行驶30公里。修饰名词train应用形容词commercial。故填commercial。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为世界上第一列商用磁悬浮列车，它将上海浦东国际机场与上海地铁系统连接起来，在8分钟内行驶30公里。此处train与travel为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填travelling/ traveling。 5．考查介词。句意：2007年，中国铁道部开始与四家公司（来自加拿大、日本、法国和德国）建立合资企业，在中国境内发展高速铁路。表示“和，与”，后跟名词作宾语，应用介词with。故填with。 6．考查时态。句意：随着中国铁路技术的成熟，高铁系统的发展越来越本土化，直到2017年，全中国的复兴号被创造出来并投入生产。根据后文became可知为一般过去时。故填matured。 7．考查副词。句意：随着中国铁路技术的成熟，高铁系统的发展越来越本土化，直到2017年，全中国的复兴号被创造出来并投入生产。修饰localized应用副词increasingly，故填increasingly。 8．考查时态语态。句意：随着中国铁路技术的成熟，高铁系统的发展越来越本土化，直到2017年，全中国的复兴号被创造出来并投入生产。主语the all-Chinese Fuxing Hao与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in 2017可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was created。 9．考查主语从句。句意：使用高速铁路，过去需要34个小时的旅程现在只需要7到9个小时。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物应用what。故填what。 10．考查连词。句意：虽然这仍然是一个漫长的旅程，但这意味着你可以早上出发，下午到达。此处前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 （2024·浙江湖州·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is considered one of the most extraordinary documentary film 11 (project) ever made, a film shot in every country of the world 12 the same day, involving 3,000 hours of footage in 70 languages from 19,000 volunteer filmmakers around the world. The 104-minute film, One Day on Earth, is a visual poem 13 (star) everyone on the planet. It’s about you and me, the times we live in, and our place in 14 puzzle of humanity. Director Kyle Ruddick and executive producer Brandon Litman 15 (be) the two young forces behind One Day on Earth. They met at the University of Southern California, where Ruddick studied film 16 Litman majored in business. Although both had worked on short-length 17 (commerce) and broadcast projects, they had never attempted anything like One Day on Earth, their first feature-length film, and neither had anyone else. Ruddick and Litman came up with the idea for the film in 2008 at a world music festival, 18 they heard musicians who had never met before play together for the first time. After a few awkward attempts, the musicians soon discovered a way 19 (create) a beautiful fusion of music. In a similar way, “the editorial process was a process of discovery,” said Ruddick. “You couldn’t make this sort of film without being 20 (complete) open to what you receive.” 【答案】 11．projects 12．on 13．starring 14．the 15．are 16．while 17．commercial 18．where 19．to create 20．completely 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了纪录片《地球的一天》的制作背景、团队、灵感来源及制作过程，展现了全球各地人们生活的多样性。 11．考查名词的数。句意：它被认为是迄今为止制作的最非凡的纪录片项目之一，这是一部在同一天在世界各国拍摄的电影，涉及来自世界各地19000名志愿者电影制片人用70种语言拍摄的3000小时素材。根据前面的one of the most extraordinary documentary film可知，本空用可数名词project“项目”的复数形式，表示“多个纪录片项目”。故填projects。 12．考查介词。句意同上。具体某一天前用介词on。故填on。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：这部104分钟的电影《地球上的一天》是一首由地球上每个人主演的视觉诗。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，且star“使主演”与逻辑主语a visual poem构成主动关系，故用现在分词，作后置定语。故填starring。 14．考查冠词。句意：它关于你和我，我们所生活的时代，以及我们在人类谜题中的位置。此处特指puzzle“谜题”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 15．考查动词时态。句意：导演凯尔·拉德迪克和执行制片人布兰登·利特曼是《地球的一天》背后的两位年轻力量。本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语Director Kyle Ruddick and executive producer Brandon Litman 为复数，be动词用are。故填are。 16．考查连词。句意：他们在南加州大学相识，拉德迪克在那里学习电影，而利特曼主修商业。根据句意可知，前后为对比转折关系，应用连词while“然而”连接。故填while。 17．考查名词。句意：尽管两人都曾参与过商业和广播项目的短片制作，但他们从未尝试过像《地球的一天》这样的电影，这是他们的第一部故事片，其他人也没有尝试过。commerce“商业”为不可数名词，此处应用其形容词形式commercial“商业的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词projects。故填commercial。 18．考查定语从句。句意：拉德迪克和利特曼在2008年的一个世界音乐节上想出了这个电影的想法，在那里他们听到了从未见过的音乐家们第一次一起演奏。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a world music festival，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过几次尴尬的尝试后，音乐家们很快发现了一种创造美妙音乐融合的方法。本句谓语为discovered，此处为非谓语动词，a way to do sth.“做某事的方法”，本空应用create“创造”的不定式，作定语。故填to create。 20．考查副词。句意：如果你不完全接受你所收到的，你就无法制作这种类型的电影。此处应用副词completely“完全地”，修饰形容词open，作状语。故填completely。 （2024·浙江嘉兴·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The terms “high-context culture” and “low-context culture” 21 ( introduce) by Edward Hall in the 1970s as part of his research on intercultural communication and understanding. “High-context culture” countries rely on indirect communication and silent 22 (signal) such as facial expressions and body language. Communication is built on relationships, shared experiences and emotions to make decisions, and avoiding 23 (open) expressing disagreements. “Low-context culture” countries like Australia and Germany rely on direct communication and 24 (write) rules to convey meaning. They rely less on shared assumptions of the group and the context of the situation, 25 results in the need for being more precise. Understanding “high-context and low-context cultures” is a huge advantage for global businesses, as it has an impact 26 communication, negotiation, and more. Even websites can differ, with “high-context culture” websites often 27 (feature) more animation (动画), and “low-context culture” websites highlighting textual information. Besides cultural context, 28 (person) experiences and preferences also shape communication, so it’s important 29 (note) that every person, country, companies, and groups have 30 mix of both— so understanding, listening, and observing will always outweigh theories. But they are great tools to better perceive the world around us. 【答案】 21．were introduced 22．signals 23．openly 24．written 25．which 26．on/upon 27．featuring 28．personal 29．to note 30．a 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了“高情景文化”和“低情景文化”这两个概念，分别解释了这两种文化在交流方式上的特点，并指出了理解这两种文化对于全球商业交流的重要性。 21．考查动词时态和语态。句意：“高情景文化”和“低情景文化”这两个术语是爱德华·霍尔在20世纪70年代提出的，作为他对跨文化交际和理解的研究的一部分。introduce为本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，根据时间状语in the 1970s可知，用一般过去时，主语“high-context culture”and “low-context culture”为复数。故填were introduced。 22．考查名词。句意：“高情景文化”国家依赖于间接交流和无声信号，如面部表情和肢体语言。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，signal意为“信号”为可数名词，根据句意，应用复数形式。故填signals。 23．考查副词。句意：沟通是建立在关系、分享经验和情感的基础上，以做出决定，并避免公开表达分歧。空处修饰空后的动词，应该用副词修饰，open的副词形式是openly意为“公开地”。故填openly。 24．考查形容词。句意：澳大利亚和德国等“低情景文化”国家依靠直接沟通和书面规则来传达意思。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，write的形容词形式是written意为“书面的”。故填written。 25．考查定语从句。句意：他们较少依赖于群体的共同假设和情境背景，这导致他们需要更加精确。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 26．考查介词。句意：理解“高情景和低情景文化”对全球商业来说是一个巨大的优势，因为它对沟通、谈判等方面都有影响。此处是固定搭配：have an impact on或者have an impact upon意为“对...产生影响”。故填on或者upon。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：即使是网站也可以有所不同，“高情景文化”的网站往往以更多的动画为特色，而“低情景文化”的网站则强调文字信息。本句已有谓语动词differ，所以feature用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语websites之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填featuring。 28．考查形容词。句意：除了文化背景之外，个人经历和偏好也影响着交流，因此，重要的是要注意到每个人、每个国家、每个公司和每个群体都是两者的混合体——所以理解、倾听和观察总是比理论更重要。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，person的形容词形式是personal意为“个人的”。故填personal。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了文化背景之外，个人经历和偏好也影响着交流，因此，重要的是要注意到每个人、每个国家、每个公司和每个群体都是两者的混合体——所以理解、倾听和观察总是比理论更重要。此处是固定句型：it is+形容词+to do sth.意为“做什么事是怎样的”。故填to note。 30．考查冠词。句意：除了文化背景之外，个人经历和偏好也影响着交流，因此，重要的是要注意到每个人、每个国家、每个公司和每个群体都是两者的混合体——所以理解、倾听和观察总是比理论更重要。此处是固定搭配：a mix of意为“......的混合”。故填a。 （23-24金华三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Following Zibo and Harbin, Tianshui, 31 ancient Silk Road city in Northwest China’s Gansu Province, became the latest place that has caused a nationwide craze thanks to its malatang, or spicy hot pot. Tianshui spicy hot pot 32 (make) by cooking raw ingredients (原料) — meats, vegetables and noodles, in a pot of boiling broth. Then they are rolled into a large steel basin, drizzled with garlic sauce, sprinkled with Tianshui peppercorns and crushed peanuts, 33 (brush) with bright red chili oil, and colored with coriander and green onions. Fragrant and 34 (visual) appealing, it provokes (刺激) taste buds on the tip of tourists’ tongue. Different 35 Sichuan cuisine, the secrets to the unique flavor and attractive appearance of Tianshui malatang come from local speciality ingredients in Tianshui — Gangu chili peppers and Maiji peppercorns, both 36 (belong) to local speciality agricultural industries. Unlike the peppers used throughout Sichuan, the Tianshui pepper is fragrant and juicy. It 37 (burn) in the mouth but is smooth in the stomach. Tianshui not only has delicious spicy hot pot food, but also stands out for its distinctive 38 (region) culture. Its grottoes and murals (石窟与壁画) are among the most famous art 39 (form) in Gansu. The Maijishan Grottoes, 40 are home to 221 caves and more than 1,000 square meters of ancient murals, are known for their impressive beauty. 【答案】 31．an 32．is made 33．brushed 34．visually 35．from 36．belonging 37．burns 38．regional 39．forms 40．which 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了继淄博和哈尔滨之后，位于中国西北部甘肃省的丝绸之路古城天水成为了一个因麻辣烫而风靡全国的地方，并介绍了天水麻辣烫的特色，以及当地的石窟与壁画。 31．考查冠词。句意：继淄博和哈尔滨之后，位于中国西北部甘肃省的丝绸之路古城天水成为了又一个因麻辣烫而风靡全国的地方。可数名词单数短语ancient Silk Road city是泛指概念，用不定冠词限定，作同位语。空后词ancient起始音为元音，故填an。 32．考查时态和语态。句意：天水麻辣烫是用肉、蔬菜和面条等原料在一锅沸腾的汤汁中烹制而成的。动词make和主语之间是被动关系，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is made。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后把它们倒进一个大钢盆里，淋上大蒜酱，撒上天水花椒和花生碎，刷上鲜红的辣椒油，再用香菜和葱上色。主语they与动词brush之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词，与 drizzled、sprinkled、colored并列。故填brushed。 34．考查副词。句意：它香气四溢，视觉上吸引人，能刺激游客舌尖上的味蕾。修饰形容词appealing用副词。故填visually。 35．考查介词。句意：与川菜不同，天水麻辣烫独特的风味和诱人的外观的秘诀在于天水的特色食材——甘谷辣椒和麦积花椒，都属于当地的特色农业产业。different from“与……不同”是固定搭配。故填from。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为非谓语，动词belong和前文名词Gangu chili peppers and Maiji peppercorns之间是主动关系，用其现在分词作后置定语。故填belonging。 37．考查动词时态。句意：入口灼烧，入胃爽滑。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语为It，主谓一致，故填burns。 38．考查形容词。句意：天水不仅有美味的麻辣火锅，还有其独特的地域文化。修饰名词culture应用形容词。故填regional。 39．考查名词复数。句意：它的石窟和壁画是甘肃最著名的艺术形式之一。根据介词among可知，此处应用名词复数作宾语。故填forms。 40．考查定语从句。句意：麦积山石窟拥有221个洞穴和1000多平方米的古代壁画，以其令人印象深刻的美丽而闻名。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Maijishan Grottoes，指代事物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 （2024·浙江台州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When it comes to ancient Chinese detectives, the name Di Renjie, a famous judge and administrator of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), often 41 (spring) to mind. For centuries, Di has been portrayed as a heroic 42 (investigate) in popular novels and stories throughout ancient China, who was highly logical and dialectical (辩证的), and much adored by his 43 (contemporary). Today, this tradition lives on in Chinese entertainment, with numerous TV and film adaptations of Di’s detective stories. The new TV series “Judge Dee’s Mystery” records the life of Judge Dee. While solving various criminal cases in different places 44 he serves during the early stages of his career, Dee also uncovers the mystery 45 (surround) his own birth. 46 traditional Chinese detective fiction, which often combines supernatural elements, the new series emphasizes logic, reason, and realism. Facing a tangled web of cases, Judge Dee and his assistants employ reasoning skills to crack mysteries. “ 47 (compare) to other adaptations of Di Renjie’s stories, our drama stands out for its diversity and inclusiveness,” said Li Yunliang, the director of the series. However, the series never intends to pursue a faithful recreation of the Tang Dynasty 48 offers a modern interpretation of the classical stories that still resonate with contemporary audiences. Li believes that every Western audience can gain 49 unique insight into Judge Dee’s character and the cultural roots of Chinese civilization. “Judge Dee shows traditional Chinese virtue s that deserve 50 (admire) by the Chinese people.” he adds. 【答案】 41．springs 42．investigator 43．contemporaries 44．where 45．surrounding 46．Unlike 47．Compared 48．but 49．a 50．to be admired 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新电视连续剧《神探狄仁杰》，通过介绍狄仁杰的形象和他在中国古代文学中的影响，以及现代对其故事的改编和传承，展现了中国古代侦探小说的传统和现代影视作品的发展。 41．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：说到中国古代的侦探，人们通常会想到狄仁杰，他是唐朝(618-907)著名的法官和行政长官。空处为谓语动词，根据句中comes和often可知，句子应用一般现在时，表示经常发生的动作，主语是the name Di Renjie，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填springs。 42．考查名词。句意：几个世纪以来，在中国古代的通俗小说和故事中，狄仁杰一直被描绘成一个英雄般的侦探，他具有高度的逻辑性和辩证性，深受同时代人的喜爱。根据空前a heroic可知，空处应用名词单数形式，作介词as的宾语，investigator表示“调查员、侦探”，为可数名词，符合题意。故填investigator。 43．考查名词。句意：几个世纪以来，在中国古代的通俗小说和故事中，狄仁杰一直被描绘成一个英雄般的侦探，他具有高度的逻辑性和辩证性，深受同时代人的喜爱。空处用于his之后，应用名词，且此处表示不止一个同时代人，名词应用复数形式contemporaries。故填contemporaries。 44．考查定语从句。句意：在他职业生涯的早期阶段，在他管辖的不同地方解决各种刑事案件的同时，狄也揭开了围绕他自己出生的谜团。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词different places，先行词指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。故填where。 45．考查现在分词。句意：在他职业生涯的早期阶段，在他管辖的不同地方解决各种刑事案件的同时，狄也揭开了围绕他自己出生的谜团。主句中已有谓语动词uncovers，空处应为非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词mystery，并与其形成主动关系，表示“围绕他自己出色的谜团”，故应用现在分词形式。故填surrounding。 46．考查介词。句意：与传统的中国侦探小说经常结合超自然元素不同，这部新剧强调逻辑、理性和现实主义。空处应为介词，后接名词短语traditional Chinese detective fiction作宾语，表示“不同于，不像”应用介词unlike，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Unlike。 47．考查过去分词。句意：与狄仁杰故事的其他改编作品相比，我们的剧以其多样性和包容性而突出。句中已有谓语动词stands，空处应为非谓语动词，compare与逻辑主语our drama之间应为被动关系，表示“我们的剧被拿来和其他改编相比”，故应用过去分词形式作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Compared。 48．考查并列连词。句意：然而，这部剧并不打算忠实地再现唐代，而是对经典故事进行了现代诠释，仍能引起当代观众的共鸣。句中offers与doesn’t intend为并列谓语，故空处应用并列连词，连接两个并列的成分；固定短语never...but...表示“不是……而是……”，此处表示“不打算做……而是提供……”，符合句意。故填but。 49．考查冠词。句意：李认为，每一位西方观众都可以对狄仁杰的性格和中华文明的文化根源有独特的见解。空处应用冠词，修饰名词短语unique insight，表示“一个独特的见解”，故应用不定冠词表示泛指；unique以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 50．考查动词不定式。句意：狄仁杰展现了值得中国人民钦佩的传统美德。deserve to do表示“值得做某事”，that为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，代替先行词traditional Chinese virtues，与admire之间应为被动关系，表示“中国传统美德值得被钦佩”，故应用不定式的被动式to be done。故填to be admired。 模块六 高考真题特训 （2024·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 1 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 3 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 4 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 5 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 6 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 9 other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 10 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 【答案】 1．to benefit 2．or 3．that/which 4．what 5．criticism 6．be offered 7．have started 8．designed 9．the 10．ones 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。 1．考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 2．考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。 3．考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 4．考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 5．考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 6．考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 7．考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 8．考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 9．考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。 10．考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。 （2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting 11 (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not 12 (do). John Olson, a former 13 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 14 blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their 15 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 16 (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 17 age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 18 (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means 19 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 20 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” 【答案】 11．be appreciated 12．to do 13．photographer 14．the 15．existing 16．sighted 17．at 18．noticed 19．independence 20．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。 11．考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。 故填be appreciated。 12． 考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。 13．考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。 14．考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。 15．考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填existing。 16．考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。 17．考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介词at。故填at。 18．考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 19．考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填independence。 20．考查连词。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故填and。 （2022·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 21 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — 22 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 23 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 24 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 25 (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — 26 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 27 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 28 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the 29 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 30 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding.", she says, "a really positive change." 【答案】 21．who/that 22．is viewed/has been viewed 23．are 24．changing 25．roughly 26．have promised 27．whether/if 28．the 29．invitation 30．to continue 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。 21．考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 22．考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。 23．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。 24．考查时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。 25．考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。 26．考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 27．考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 28．考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。 29．考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。 30．考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$