专题02 重点语法归纳【考点清单】-2024-2025学年七年级英语上学期期末考点大串讲(译林版2024)

2024-11-20
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版七年级上册
年级 七年级
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 语法
使用场景 同步教学-期末
学年 2024-2025
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2024-11-20
更新时间 2024-11-25
作者 小米夏
品牌系列 上好课·考点大串讲
审核时间 2024-11-20
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重点语法归纳 Unit8 现在进行时 一.现在进行时的用法 用法 例句 表示现在(说话时)正在进行或发生的动作。 They are talking on the phone.他们正在打电话。 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 They are growing vegetables these days.这些天他们一直在种蔬菜。 有些动词,如come、go、leave、arrive、begin、start 等的现在进行时可表示将要发生的动作,一般后面跟表示将来的时间状语。 We are leaving next week.我们下星期将会离开。 二.现在进行时的句式结构 句式 句型 例句 肯定句 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+v.-ing+其他. Mary is washing clothes. 玛丽正在洗衣服。 否定句 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+not+v.-ing+其他. She isn’t studying now.她现在没在学习。 句式 句型 例句 一般疑 问句及 其简略 回答  Be动词(Am/Is/Are)+主语+v.-ing+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be动词 (am/is/are). 否定回答:No, 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+not. —Are they playing games? 他们在玩游戏吗? —Yes,they are./No, they aren’t.是的,他们在玩。/不,他们没有在玩。 三.现在分词的变化规则 变化规则 示例 大多数动词后直接加-ing read—reading sing—singing 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e,再加-ing take—taking come—coming 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing sit—sitting begin—beginning 以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing lie—lying die—dying 一用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Look! A woman with two children      (wait) for us over there.  2.Be quiet! Your father      (sleep) in the bedroom.  3.It’s five o’clock. Some students      (play) football in the playground.  4.You      (drive). Don't talk on the phone.  5.—What is your mother doing? —She      (cook) lunch in the kitchen.  二单项选择 6.I think that Lingling    a book now.   A.read B.reads C.is reading 7.—Where’s Anna, dear? —She    an online class in her room.  A.is taking B.takes C.will take 8.Listen! They    songs for the 100th birthday of the CCYL(中国共青团).  A.are singing B.sang C.will sing 9.—Is Tony doing his homework now? —No,    . He is playing the computer games.  A.he is B.he isn’t C.he does    D.he doesn’t 10.—Look out of the window! It    .  —Yes. What a heavy snow! It    quite often here in winter.  A.is snowing;snows B.snows;is snowing C.is snowing;is snowing D.snows;snows 1.is waiting 根据“Look!”可知,此处是现在进行时,主语a woman是第三人称单数,故填is waiting。 2.is sleeping 句意:安静!你爸爸正在卧室里睡觉。根据“Be quiet!”可推知,此处表示“你爸爸正在睡觉”,故用现在进行时,主语Your father为第三人称单数,故填is sleeping。 3.are playing 根据“It’s five o’clock.”可推知,踢足球的动作正在进行,故用现在进行时。主语为Some students,故填are sleeping。 4.are driving 根据”Don’t talk on the phone.”可推知,开车的动作正在进行,故用现在进行时。主语为You,故填are driving。 5.is cooking 问句用现在进行时,答句也用现在进行时。主语She为第三人称单数,故填is cooking。 6.C 根据now可知,此处用现在进行时,故选C。 7.A 句意:——亲爱的,安娜在哪儿?——她正在她的房间里上网课。根据语境可知,此处描述的是现在正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,故选A。 8.A 句意:听!他们正在为中国共青团的100岁生日唱歌。根据“Listen!”可知,此处用现在进行时,故选A。 9.B 句意:——托尼现在在做他的家庭作业吗?——不,他不是。他正在玩电脑游戏。由Is开头的一般疑问句,否定回答用“No,主语+isn’t.”。故选B。 10.A 句意:——往窗外看!正在下雪。——是的。多大的雪啊!这里冬天经常下雪。根据“Look out of the window!”可知,第一空所在句要用现在进行时;根据“often”可知,第二空所在句要用一般现在时。故选A。 Unit7 用some和any表示数量 一. some/any的用法   虽然some和any都可以表达 "一些"的含义,但二者的用法却不相同。 单词 用法 例句 some ①一般用于肯定句中,表示"一些"; There are some people in the room.屋里有一些人。 ②用在疑问句中时,表示提出建议或请求,并希望得到对方的肯定回答。 Would you like some rice? 你想要些米饭吗? Can I have some apples, Mum?妈妈,我可以吃一些苹果吗? any ①一般用于否定句或一般疑问句中,表示"一些"; I don’t have any money. 我没有钱。 Do you have any lemons?你有一些柠檬吗? ②用在肯定句中时,强调"任何一个"之意。 Take any lantern you like. 你喜欢哪个灯笼就拿哪个。 存现句 一.there be结构的一般现在时的基本句型   there be结构表示"(某地)有……",其一般现在时的基本句型为: There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 There is not a book on the desk.桌子上没有书。 —Is there a book on the desk? 桌子上有一本书吗?—Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.是的,有。/不,没有。 二. there be结构的主谓一致 (1)在there be结构中,如果be动词后的主语为可数名词单数或不可数名词,be动词用is。 There is a man under the tree.树下有一个人。 There is some water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。 (2)如果be动词后的主语为可数名词复数,be动词用are。 There are many trees in the park.公园里有很多树。 (3)在有并列主语的情况下,be动词的数要由离它最近的主语决定,即遵循"就近原则 "。 There is a book, a bag and three pencils on the desk.桌子上有一本书,一个包和三支铅笔。 There are two girls and a dog in the room.房间里有两个女孩和一只狗。 三. there be 结构与have的区别   there be结构通常表示"某地有某物或某人",强调的是一种客观存在;have表示"某人拥有某物或某人",与主语为所属关系。 There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。 He has two daughters. 他有两个女儿。 一.单项填空 1.Let's save pandas!There___C___ only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now. A.am B.is C.are 2.There___D___a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month. A.is going to have B.will have C.is D.is going to be 3.Look!There___A___ a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper! A.is B.are C.have D.has 4.—Is there any outdoor learning in your school? —___A___.We learn outdoors once or twice every month. A.Yes,there is B.No,there isn't C.Yes,it is D.No,it isn't 5.—___C___there anything new in today's Qianzhong Morning Daily? —No.But there______ some inspiring stories worth reading. A.Is;is B.Are;are C.Is;are D.Are;is 6.There___B___ an NBA match on TV this weekend. A.will play B.is going to be C.will have D.is going to have 7.There___B___ an amusement park near my home. I often see children play there. A.am B.is C.are D.be 8.There___D___ some students on the playground. A.is B.have C.has D.have 9.—What's in the picture? —There___A___ a teacher and some student playing games on the playground. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10.—There are some boys___B___ basketball over there. —Let's go and join them. A.are playing B.playing C.to play 二.句型转换 11.There are some pictures on the wall.(改为否定句) There___are___ ___not___ ___any___ pictures on the wall. 12.There is some water in the bottle.(改为一般疑问句) ___Is___ ___there___ ___any___water in the bottle? 13.Are there any chairs near the window?(做肯定回答) ___Yes___,___there___ ___are___. 14.There are two bikes under the tree.(对画线部分提问) ___How___ ___many___ ___bikes___are there under the tree? 15.There is a little orange juice in the bottle.(对画线部分提问) ___How___ ___much___orange juice there in the bottle? Unit6 特殊疑问句 一.常见的特殊疑问词(组)及其用法 特殊疑 问词(组) 含义及用法 例句 what "什么",对活动、事物或人的职业等进行提问 What’s this? 这是什么? What is your job? 你是做什么工作的? what class/ grade "哪个班级/年级",对所在班级/年级进行提问 What class/grade are you in?你在几班/年级? what colour "什么颜色",对颜色进行提问 What colour is her skirt? 她的裙子是什么颜色的? time "几点",对时间点进行提问 What time do you usually get up? 你通常几点起床? when "什么时候",对时间进行提问 When does he come back? 他何时回来? where "哪里",对地点进行提问 Where is she from? 她来自哪里? who "谁",对姓名和身份进行提问 Who is that girl? 那个女孩是谁? why "为什么",对原因进行提问 Why do you like the hat? 你为什么喜欢这顶帽子? whose "谁的",对所属关系进行提问 Whose bottle is this? 这是谁的瓶子? which "哪一个,哪些",对特定范围内的人或物进行提问 Which box is yours? 哪个盒子是你的? how "怎么样",对方式或程度进行提问 How does she go to school?她怎样去上学? how many "多少",对可数名词的数量进行提问 How many apples are there in the bag? 袋子里有多少个苹果? much "多少",对不可数名词的数量或事物的价钱进行提问 How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水? How much is it? 这个多少钱? old "多少岁",对年龄进行提问 How old is your brother? 你的弟弟几岁了? how often "多长时间一次", 对频率进行提问 How often do you go to visit your grandparents? 你多久去看望一次你的爷爷奶奶? tall "多高",对高度进行提问 How tall is the building?这个建筑物多高? long "多长/多久",对长度或时间段进行提问 How long is the bridge? 这座桥多长? How long does it take you to walk to school every day? 你每天步行上学需要多长时间? far "多远",对距离进行提问 How far is it from your home to the post office?你家离邮局多远? 二.特殊疑问句的答语   回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes 或no,而要针对问题进行回答,即问什么答什么。回答时可用一个词或短语,也可用一个完整的句子。 —How old are you? 你多少岁了?—I’m thirteen. 我十三岁了。 —Who always gets to school early?谁总是早早到学校?—Henry.亨利。 一.对画线部分提问,每空一词 1.It is about 20 kilometres from our school to the National Forest Park.          is it from our school to the National Forest Park?   2.The girl with big eyes is my cousin.          is your cousin?  3.He enjoys listening to music.          he enjoy    ?  4.I often watch TV at half past nine.          do you often watch TV?  5.Mr. Green is waiting for the shopkeeper because he wants to know the price of the red shoes.          Mr. Green    for the shopkeeper?  二.单项选择 6.—    the girl in red is?  —I’m not sure. Maybe she is a teacher. A.When    B.What C.Where    D.How 7.—    is singing over there?  —My sister. She likes singing. A.How    B.Who .What     D.When 8.—    do you play volleyball, Amy?  —Three days a week. A.How long   B.How soon C.How often   D.How much 9.—There is an umbrella in the corner of the classroom.    is it?   —Perhaps it’s Mary’s. A.Whose    B.Who C.When D.Why 10.—Kitty, you’re late again!    is your home from our school?  —Er...about twenty minutes’ walk. A.How long   B.How often C.How far    D.How tall 1.How far 2.Which girl 3.What does;doing 4.What time 5.Why is;waiting 6.B 根据答句中“Maybe she is a teacher.”可知,此处询问职业。what可用来询问职业。故选B。 7.B 根据答句中的“My sister.”可知,上句是问“谁在那边唱歌?”。故选B。 8.C 句意:——埃米,你多久打一次排球?——一周三天。how long多久;how soon多久以后;how often多久一次;how much多少。根据答语“Three days a week.”可知,此处对频率进行提问,应该用how often。故选C。 9.A 句意:——教室的角落里有一把伞。它是谁的?——也许它是玛丽的。根据“也许它是玛丽的”可知,此处是问“它是谁的?”。故选A。 10.C 句意:——基蒂,你又迟到了!你家离我们学校有多远?——呃……步行大约20分钟。how long多长时间;how often多久一次;how far多远;how tall多高。根据“about twenty minutes' walk”可知,此处是问距离,故选C。 Unit5 可数名词和不可数名词 一.可数名词   可数名词是指可以用数目来计算的人或物。指单个人或事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。 可数名词单数变复数的变化规则如下: 规则 示例 规则 变化 大多数词后加-s cat→cats friend→friends 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词后加-es glass→glasses box→boxes watch→watches brush→brushes 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词, 变y为i,再加-es country→countries baby→babies 以f或fe结尾的词,将f 或fe变为v, 再加-es shelf→shelves knife→knives 以o结尾的词加-es或-s tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes radio→radios zoo→zoos 规则 示例 不规则 变化 单复数同形 deer→deer sheep→sheep 改变单数名词内部的元音字母或部分字母 foot→feet tooth→teeth man→men woman→women 词尾加-en child→children 由man或woman与另一个单词组成的复合名词变为复数时,两部分都发生变化。 women drivers女司机 men doctors男医生 二.不可数名词 1.不可数名词的分类 分类 示例 物质名词 食物 bread面包 meat肉 饮料 milk牛奶 coffee咖啡 自然物质 sand沙子 water水   分类 示例 抽象名词 情感 peace平静 joy高兴 概念 work工作 学科 math(s)数学 geography地理 chemistry化学 2.不可数名词的计量   不可数名词的计量形式:基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词。 a glass of water 一杯水 three pieces of advice 三条建议 a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 two pieces of news两则新闻 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.There will be more    (tree) in the northwest of China.  2.My granny has a few bad    (tooth). She can’t eat such hard food.  3.Students can receive national defense education by listening to some battle    (story).  4.There are many    (deer) and    (sheep) on the grass.  5.I buy two    (scarf) for my mother as her birthday present.  二.单项选择 6.Here are some    for you to read.  A.milk B.tea C.books 7.There’s nothing in the fridge. Let’s go and buy    and    .  A.two kilos of pork;three breads B.some pork;some carrots C.some tomatoes;two and half a kilos of meat D.two boxes of egg;many beef 8.How many    and how much    do you need?  A.beef;orange    B.chicken;water C.apples;milk    D.pears;tomatoes 9.—What do we need to buy to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival?  —   .  A.Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of salts B.Two kilos of potatoes and two packet of salt C.Two kiloes of potatos and two packets of salt D.Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of salt 10.There are thirty    and eight hundred    in our school.  A.woman teachers;girl student B.women teachers;girls students C.women teachers;girl students D.woman teachers;girls students 1.trees 根据空格前的more以及所给词tree可知,此处用tree的复数形式。故填trees。 2.teeth 根据空格前的a few可知,此处用复数名词,故填teeth。 3.stories 句意:学生们可以通过聆听一些战斗故事,来接受国防教育。根据空格前的some以及所给词story可知,此处用复数名词。story的复数形式为stories。 4.deer;sheep 根据many可知,第一空需要用复数名词;根据and可知第二空也用复数名词。deer和sheep的单复数形式相同。 5.scarves/scarfs 根据空格前的two可知,此处用名词的复数形式。故填scarves/scarfs。 6.C 句意:这有一些书来给你阅读。milk牛奶;tea茶;book书;根据后面的read可知,此处指有一些书,故选C。 7.B 单词bread为不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除A选项;2.5千克的正确表达为“two and a half kilos”,排除C选项;D选项中的egg要用复数形式,且beef为不可数名词,不能用many来修饰。故选B。 8.C how many后接复数名词;how much后接不可数名词。故选C。 9.D 单词salt为不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除A选项;two后要跟复数名词,排除B选项;名词kilo的复数形式为kilos,排除C选项。故选D。 10.C 句意:在我们学校有30位女老师和800名女学生。woman修饰名词时,其单复数形式和后面名词的单复数保持一致;girl用其单数形式修饰后面的单数名词或复数名词。故选C。 Unit4 表示时间的介词on/in/at 我们通常在不同的时间前使用on、in或at来表示做某事的时间。 介词 用法 示例 on 用在表示具体的日期、星期几、特定的节日(一天)、具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上前。 on October 1st on Friday on Children’s Day on Monday morning in 用于年、季节、月份前,也可以泛指在上午、下午或晚上。 in 2020 in winter in March in the afternoon at 用于表示具体时刻、年龄或noon、 night等前。 at 8:00 at six(years old)/at the age of six at noon (1)如果节日不止一天,而是持续一段时间,介词应用at。如at the Spring Festival "在春节(期间)"。 (2)当时间状语中含有this、 that、 these、 those、 last、 next、 every、 each等修饰语时,其前不用介词;当时间状语是today、 tonight(今晚)、 tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening等时,其前不用介词。 I go to school on foot every morning. 我每天早上步行去上学。 I’m at home tonight. 我今晚在家。 一.用时间介词in、on或at填空 1.World Book and Copyright Day is    April 23.  2.It is good to go for a walk    a sunny morning.  3.It is very cold    winter in my hometown.  4.Gui Yuna from Guangxi lost her right leg    the age of seven.  5.The students practise playing volleyball    Wednesday afternoon.  6.The children always have fun    Children’s Day. 7.He often goes to school    six thirty    the morning.   二.单项选择 1.The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiaoman(a little full) usually falls    May.  A.in    B.at    C.on    D.to 2.Now students have more free time    night because of the “double reduction” policy.  A.in   B.on   C.at    D.to 3.Su Yiming got his gold medal of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games    the afternoon of February 15th.  A.on     B.in    C.at    D.for 1.on 2.on 3.in 4.at 5.on 6.on 7.at;in 8.A 考查介词的用法。句意:中国传统的阴历将一年分为24个节气。小满通常在五月。表示“在某个月份”,应用介词in。故选A。 9.C 固定搭配at night意为“在晚上”。故选C。 10.A 根据“the afternoon of February 15th”可知,此处指的是具体的某一天的下午,应用介词on。故选A。 Unit3 人称代词 一.人称代词的数和格 数 单数 复数 格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 二.人称代词的用法 (1)人称代词主格的用法 人称代词的主格作句子的主语。 I like reading. 我喜欢阅读。 Where are they? 他们在哪儿? (2)人称代词宾格的用法 ①人称代词的宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语。 Let me show you around our school.让我带你们参观我们学校吧。 Please look after her for me. 请替我照顾她。 ②在口语中,人称代词作动词be的表语时,通常可用其宾格形式代替主格。 —Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?—It’s me. 是我。 ③人称代词单独使用时,一般用宾格而不用主格。 —I’d like to have a cup of coffee.我想喝一杯咖啡。—Me too. 我也是。 (3)人称代词it的用法   it可指代无生命的事物、天气、时间、性别不明确的动物、植物、婴儿以及未知身份的人。 English is very interesting. It is my favourite subject. 英语很有趣。它是我最喜爱的学科。 It’s rainy today.今天有雨。 What a lovely baby it is! 多么可爱的宝宝啊! —Who is it there? 谁在那边?—It’s Li Lei.是李磊。 三.人称代词的排序 人称代词单数的排序为:you, he/she, I(第二、三、一人称);人称代词复数的排序为:we, you, they(第一、二、三人称)。 You, he and I are all good at English.你、我和他都擅长英语。 We, you and they are all Chinese.你们、我们和他们都是中国人。 在承认错误、承担责任时,应把I或we(第一人称)放在首位。 I and he are wrong. 我和他错了。 一.阅读短文,根据汉语提示填入适当的人称代词。   Hi, I’m Millie. Today, I want to tell  1 (你们) about my new classmates, Zhang ke and Simon.  Zhang ke is from Beijing.  2 (她) is tall and has long hair.  3 (我们) also call  4 (她) Mary. She sits beside  5 (我). Simon is good at sports.  6 (他) has many friends.  7 (他们) often play football after school. His friends like  8 (他) very much because he is nice to  9 (他们). Simon is in the school football team.  10 (它) is the best team in our city.  二.单项选择 11.—Why are you so excited? —The scientist Huang Xuhua will come to our school. I can’t wait to see    .   A.you   B.me C.him   D.them 12.—Who is the woman over there? —She is Miss Fang. She is our English teacher. She teaches    English.  A.us    B.our   C.we   D.ours 13.—Mr Wu, can    go out to play with our friends?   —Oh, dear. I want    to help me do the cleaning.  A.my and me; she and her B.Amy and I; you and she C.Amy and me; her and you D.Amy and I; you and her 1.you 设空处跟在行为动词tell后作宾语,应用宾格。 2.She 设空处在句中作主语,应用主格,且位于句首,首字母应大写。 3.We 设空处在句中作主语,应用主格,且位于句首,首字母应大写。 4.her 设空处跟在行为动词call的后面作宾语,应用宾格。 5.me 设空处跟在介词beside的后面作宾语,应用宾格。 6.He 设空处在句中作主语,应用主格,且位于句首,首字母应大写。 7.They 设空处在句中作主语,应用主格,且位于句首,首字母应大写。 8.him 设空处跟在行为动词like的后面作宾语,应用宾格。 9.them 设空处跟在介词to的后面作宾语,应用宾格。 10.It 设空处指代上文提到的“the school football team”,在句中作主语,应用主格,且位于句首,首字母应大写。 11.C 句意为:——你为什么这么兴奋?——科学家黄旭华将要来我们学校。我等不及要见他了。此处用代词him指代上文提到的科学家黄旭华,故选C。 12.A 分析题干可知,设空处在句中作宾语,应该用人称代词宾格。故选A。 13.D 第一空作句子的主语,要用主格,故排除A、C选项;第二空作宾语,要用宾格,排除B选项。故选D。 Unit2 行为动词的一般现在时 一.行为动词一般现在时的基本用法 用法 例句 表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 My father gets up at 6:00 every morning.我的父亲每天早上6点起床。 表示目前的爱好、能力等。 My mother sings very well.我的母亲歌唱得很好。 表示不受时限的客观事实。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时常与always、 often、 usually、 sometimes等频度副词或every day/week/morning、in the morning/afternoon/evening等时间状语连用。 二. 行为动词一般现在时的两种形式   根据主语的人称和数的不同,行为动词的一般现在时有两种形式。 (1)当主语是第一人称、第二人称和第三人称的复数时,行为动词使用其原形。 We have breakfast and supper at home.我们在家吃早饭和晚饭。 You like swimming, right? 你们喜欢游泳,对吗? My parents read books at weekends.我父母周末读书。 (2)当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词使用其第三人称单数形式。 He does his homework at home. 他在家里做他的家庭作业。 三.行为动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成方法 规则 示例 大部分动词后加s like→likes live→lives 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加es study→studies fly→flies 以ch、sh、ss或x结尾的动词后加es watch→watches wash→washes dress→dresses fix→fixes 以辅音字母+o结尾的动词后加es go→goes do→does 特殊变化 have→has 四.含行为动词的一般现在时的句式结构 句式 句式结构 例句 肯定句 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式(+其他). I like pears.我喜欢梨。 The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 否定句 主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形(+其他). I don’t like milk.我不喜欢牛奶。 She doesn’t want to go out.她不想出去。 一般疑问句及其简略回答 Do/Does+主语+动词原形(+其他)? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does. 否定回答:No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t. —Do you go to school by bike?你骑自行车去上学吗? —Yes, I do./No, I don’t.是的,我骑。/不,我不骑。 —Does Millie live in Beijing? Millie住在北京吗? —Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.是的,她住在北京。/不,她不住在北京。 频度副词   表示动作发生的频率常用频度副词。频度副词所表示的频率由低到高为: 一.频度副词的用法 频度副词 用法 always 意为"总是,一直",它所表示的频率是最高的,表示动作反复发生。 usually 意为"通常",表示习惯性动作或状态,很少有例外。 often 意为"经常,时常",表示动作或状态的反复,中间有间断。 sometimes 意为"有时",表示动作时有发生,间隔较长。 seldom 意为"很少,不常",表示否定意义。 never 意为"从不",表示否定意义。 二.频度副词在句中的位置   频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,be动词、情态动词和助动词之后。 We often play basketball after school. 放学后我们经常打篮球。 He is never late for school. 他上学从不迟到。 She can sometimes win a match.她有时能赢得比赛。 We do not usually go swimming.我们不经常去游泳。 有时为了表示强调,会把sometimes、 usually、 always、 often等频度副词放在句首;有时还会把often放在句末,这时可用very或quite来修饰often。 Sometimes my mum goes to work on foot. 有时我妈妈步行去上班。 I like playing computer games, but my dad doesn’t let me play them very often. 我喜欢玩电脑游戏,但是我爸爸不让我经常玩。 三.用how often对频度副词进行提问 对频度副词进行提问时,要用how often。 He seldom does morning exercises. 他很少做早操。 → How often does he do morning exercises? 他多久做一次早操? 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Alex    (hope) he can visit the USA in the future.  2.Sandy with her friends often    (fly) a kite in the park.  3.    (be) your friend ready for tomorrow’s evening party?  4.Members in this club    (be not) careful. They often leave the club with the lights on.  5.Cindy is a kind girl. Everyone in our class    (enjoy) playing with her.  6.My best friend and I    (be not) in the same school. We meet at the weekend.  7.My mother    (not go) to work on Saturdays or Sundays.  8.Millie’s family often    (read) together in the living room.  9.Watching football matches    (be) her hobby.  10.We all know light   (go) faster than sound.  二.按要求完成句子,每空一词 11.I’m your English teacher this term.(改为一般疑问句)        our English teacher this term?  12.Li Lei writes to his father every month. (改为一般疑问句)     Li Lei    to his father every month?  13.My mother does housework in the morning.(改为否定句) My mother       housework in the morning.  14.Do you often have breakfast at home?(用 Kitty代替 you 改写句子)     Kitty often    breakfast at home?  15.The old woman goes to the supermarket on foot. (对画线部分提问)         the old woman    to the supermarket?  1.hopes 主语Alex是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填hopes。 2.flies 介词with前面的名词Sandy是主语,是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填flies。 3.Is 主语your friend是第三人称单数,故be动词用is。 4.aren’t 主语Members是复数,be动词用are,否定形式在are后面加not。 5.enjoys 主语为Everyone,是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填enjoys。 6.aren’t 连词and连接两个并列主语时,be动词用are,否定形式在are后面加not。 7.doesn’t go 行为动词go的否定结构为don’t/doesn’t go,因为主语My mother为第三人称单数,故填doesn't go。 8.read 设空句的主语family指“家庭成员”,谓语动词用复数形式。 9.is 动名词短语Watching football matches作主语时,be动词用is。 10.goes 分析句子结构可知,know后为宾语从句,宾语从句的主语为light,是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。go的第三人称单数形式为goes。 11.Are you 12.Does;write 13.doesn’t do14.Does;have 15.How does;go 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 重点语法归纳 Unit8 现在进行时 一.现在进行时的用法 用法 例句 表示现在(说话时)正在进行或发生的动作。 They are on the phone.他们正在打电话。 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 They are vegetables these days.这些天他们一直在种蔬菜。 有些动词,如come、go、leave、arrive、begin、start 等的现在进行时可表示将要发生的动作,一般后面跟表示将来的时间状语。 We are next week.我们下星期将会离开。 二.现在进行时的句式结构 句式 句型 例句 肯定句 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+v.-ing+其他. Mary is clothes. 玛丽正在洗衣服。 否定句 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+not+v.-ing+其他. She studying now.她现在没在学习。 句式 句型 例句 一般疑 问句及 其简略 回答  Be动词(Am/Is/Are)+主语+v.-ing+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be动词 (am/is/are). 否定回答:No, 主语+be动词 (am/is/are)+not. — they playing games? 他们在玩游戏吗? —Yes,they are./No, they aren’t.是的,他们在玩。/不,他们没有在玩。 三.现在分词的变化规则 变化规则 示例 大多数动词后 read— sing— 以不发音的e结尾的动词, take— come— 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母, sit— begin— 以ie结尾的动词, lie— die— 一用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Look! A woman with two children      (wait) for us over there.  2.Be quiet! Your father      (sleep) in the bedroom.  3.It’s five o’clock. Some students      (play) football in the playground.  4.You      (drive). Don't talk on the phone.  5.—What is your mother doing? —She      (cook) lunch in the kitchen.  二单项选择 6.I think that Lingling    a book now.   A.read B.reads C.is reading 7.—Where’s Anna, dear? —She    an online class in her room.  A.is taking B.takes C.will take 8.Listen! They    songs for the 100th birthday of the CCYL(中国共青团).  A.are singing B.sang C.will sing 9.—Is Tony doing his homework now? —No,    . He is playing the computer games.  A.he is B.he isn’t C.he does    D.he doesn’t 10.—Look out of the window! It    .  —Yes. What a heavy snow! It    quite often here in winter.  A.is snowing;snows B.snows;is snowing C.is snowing;is snowing D.snows;snows Unit7 用some和any表示数量 一. some/any的用法   虽然some和any都可以表达 "一些"的含义,但二者的用法却不相同。 单词 用法 例句 some ①一般用于肯定句中,表示"一些"; There are people in the room.屋里有一些人。 ②用在疑问句中时,表示提出建议或请求,并希望得到对方的肯定回答。 Would you like rice? 你想要些米饭吗? Can I have apples, Mum?妈妈,我可以吃一些苹果吗? any ①一般用于否定句或一般疑问句中,表示"一些"; I don’t have money. 我没有钱。 Do you have lemons?你有一些柠檬吗? ②用在肯定句中时,强调"任何一个"之意。 Take lantern you like. 你喜欢哪个灯笼就拿哪个。 存现句 一.there be结构的一般现在时的基本句型   there be结构表示"(某地)有……",其一般现在时的基本句型为: There a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 There not a book on the desk.桌子上没有书。 — there a book on the desk? 桌子上有一本书吗?—Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.是的,有。/不,没有。 二. there be结构的主谓一致 (1)在there be结构中,如果be动词后的主语为可数名词单数或不可数名词,be动词用is。 There a man under the tree.树下有一个人。 There some water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。 (2)如果be动词后的主语为可数名词复数,be动词用are。 There many trees in the park.公园里有很多树。 (3)在有并列主语的情况下,be动词的数要由离它最近的主语决定,即遵循"就近原则 "。 There a book, a bag and three pencils on the desk.桌子上有一本书,一个包和三支铅笔。 There two girls and a dog in the room.房间里有两个女孩和一只狗。 三. there be 结构与have的区别   there be结构通常表示"某地有某物或某人",强调的是一种客观存在;have表示"某人拥有某物或某人",与主语为所属关系。 There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。 He has two daughters. 他有两个女儿。 一.单项填空 1.Let's save pandas!There only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now. A.am B.is C.are 2.There a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month. A.is going to have B.will have C.is D.is going to be 3.Look!There a photo of our English teacher in today's newspaper! A.is B.are C.have D.has 4.—Is there any outdoor learning in your school? — .We learn outdoors once or twice every month. A.Yes,there is B.No,there isn't C.Yes,it is D.No,it isn't 5.— there anything new in today's Qianzhong Morning Daily? —No.But there______ some inspiring stories worth reading. A.Is;is B.Are;are C.Is;are D.Are;is 6.There an NBA match on TV this weekend. A.will play B.is going to be C.will have D.is going to have 7.There an amusement park near my home. I often see children play there. A.am B.is C.are D.be 8.There some students on the playground. A.is B.have C.has D.have 9.—What's in the picture? —There a teacher and some student playing games on the playground. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10.—There are some boys basketball over there. —Let's go and join them. A.are playing B.playing C.to play 二.句型转换 11.There are some pictures on the wall.(改为否定句) There pictures on the wall. 12.There is some water in the bottle.(改为一般疑问句) water in the bottle? 13.Are there any chairs near the window?(做肯定回答) , . 14.There are two bikes under the tree.(对画线部分提问) are there under the tree? 15.There is a little orange juice in the bottle.(对画线部分提问) orange juice there in the bottle? Unit6 特殊疑问句 一.常见的特殊疑问词(组)及其用法 特殊疑 问词(组) 含义及用法 例句 what "什么",对活动、事物或人的职业等进行提问 What’s this? 这是什么? What is your job? 你是做什么工作的? what class/ grade "哪个班级/年级",对所在班级/年级进行提问 What class/grade are you in?你在几班/年级? what colour "什么颜色",对颜色进行提问 What colour is her skirt? 她的裙子是什么颜色的? time "几点",对时间点进行提问 What time do you usually get up? 你通常几点起床? when "什么时候",对时间进行提问 When does he come back? 他何时回来? where "哪里",对地点进行提问 Where is she from? 她来自哪里? who "谁",对姓名和身份进行提问 Who is that girl? 那个女孩是谁? why "为什么",对原因进行提问 Why do you like the hat? 你为什么喜欢这顶帽子? whose "谁的",对所属关系进行提问 Whose bottle is this? 这是谁的瓶子? which "哪一个,哪些",对特定范围内的人或物进行提问 Which box is yours? 哪个盒子是你的? how "怎么样",对方式或程度进行提问 How does she go to school?她怎样去上学? how many "多少",对可数名词的数量进行提问 How many apples are there in the bag? 袋子里有多少个苹果? much "多少",对不可数名词的数量或事物的价钱进行提问 How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水? How much is it? 这个多少钱? old "多少岁",对年龄进行提问 How old is your brother? 你的弟弟几岁了? how often "多长时间一次", 对频率进行提问 How often do you go to visit your grandparents? 你多久去看望一次你的爷爷奶奶? tall "多高",对高度进行提问 How tall is the building?这个建筑物多高? long "多长/多久",对长度或时间段进行提问 How long is the bridge? 这座桥多长? How long does it take you to walk to school every day? 你每天步行上学需要多长时间? far "多远",对距离进行提问 How far is it from your home to the post office?你家离邮局多远? 二.特殊疑问句的答语   回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes 或no,而要针对问题进行回答,即问什么答什么。回答时可用一个词或短语,也可用一个完整的句子。 —How old are you? 你多少岁了?—I’m thirteen. 我十三岁了。 —Who always gets to school early?谁总是早早到学校?—Henry.亨利。 一.对画线部分提问,每空一词 1.It is about 20 kilometres from our school to the National Forest Park.          is it from our school to the National Forest Park?   2.The girl with big eyes is my cousin.          is your cousin?  3.He enjoys listening to music.          he enjoy    ?  4.I often watch TV at half past nine.          do you often watch TV?  5.Mr. Green is waiting for the shopkeeper because he wants to know the price of the red shoes.          Mr. Green    for the shopkeeper?  二.单项选择 6.—    the girl in red is?  —I’m not sure. Maybe she is a teacher. A.When    B.What C.Where    D.How 7.—    is singing over there?  —My sister. She likes singing. A.How    B.Who .What     D.When 8.—    do you play volleyball, Amy?  —Three days a week. A.How long   B.How soon C.How often   D.How much 9.—There is an umbrella in the corner of the classroom.    is it?   —Perhaps it’s Mary’s. A.Whose    B.Who C.When D.Why 10.—Kitty, you’re late again!    is your home from our school?  —Er...about twenty minutes’ walk. A.How long   B.How often C.How far    D.How tall Unit5 可数名词和不可数名词 一.可数名词   可数名词是指可以用数目来计算的人或物。指单个人或事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。 可数名词单数变复数的变化规则如下: 规则 示例 规则 变化 大多数词后 cat→ friend→ 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词后 glass→ box→ watch→ brush→ 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词, country→ baby→ 以f或fe结尾的词, shelf→ knife→ 以o结尾的词加 tomato→ potato→ radio→ zoo→ 规则 示例 不规则 变化 单复数同形 deer→deer sheep→sheep 改变单数名词内部的元音字母或部分字母 foot→ tooth→ man→ woman→ 词尾加-en child→ 由man或woman与另一个单词组成的复合名词变为复数时,两部分都发生变化。 女司机 男医生 二.不可数名词 1.不可数名词的分类 分类 示例 物质名词 食物 bread面包 meat肉 饮料 milk牛奶 coffee咖啡 自然物质 sand沙子 water水   分类 示例 抽象名词 情感 peace平静 joy高兴 概念 work工作 学科 math(s)数学 geography地理 chemistry化学 2.不可数名词的计量   不可数名词的计量形式:基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词。 a glass of water 一杯水 three pieces of advice 三条建议 a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 two pieces of news两则新闻 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.There will be more    (tree) in the northwest of China.  2.My granny has a few bad    (tooth). She can’t eat such hard food.  3.Students can receive national defense education by listening to some battle    (story).  4.There are many    (deer) and    (sheep) on the grass.  5.I buy two    (scarf) for my mother as her birthday present.  二.单项选择 6.Here are some    for you to read.  A.milk B.tea C.books 7.There’s nothing in the fridge. Let’s go and buy    and    .  A.two kilos of pork;three breads B.some pork;some carrots C.some tomatoes;two and half a kilos of meat D.two boxes of egg;many beef 8.How many    and how much    do you need?  A.beef;orange    B.chicken;water C.apples;milk    D.pears;tomatoes 9.—What do we need to buy to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival?  —   .  A.Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of salts B.Two kilos of potatoes and two packet of salt C.Two kiloes of potatos and two packets of salt D.Two kilos of potatoes and two packets of salt 10.There are thirty    and eight hundred    in our school.  A.woman teachers;girl student B.women teachers;girls students C.women teachers;girl students D.woman teachers;girls students Unit4 表示时间的介词on/in/at 我们通常在不同的时间前使用on、in或at来表示做某事的时间。 介词 用法 示例 on on October 1st on Friday on Children’s Day on Monday morning in in 2020 in winter in March in the afternoon at at 8:00 at six(years old)/at the age of six at noon (1)如果节日不止一天,而是持续一段时间,介词应用at。如at the Spring Festival "在春节(期间)"。 (2)当时间状语中含有this、 that、 these、 those、 last、 next、 every、 each等修饰语时,其前不用介词;当时间状语是today、 tonight(今晚)、 tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening等时,其前不用介词。 I go to school on foot every morning. 我每天早上步行去上学。 I’m at home tonight. 我今晚在家。 一.用时间介词in、on或at填空 1.World Book and Copyright Day is    April 23.  2.It is good to go for a walk    a sunny morning.  3.It is very cold    winter in my hometown.  4.Gui Yuna from Guangxi lost her right leg    the age of seven.  5.The students practise playing volleyball    Wednesday afternoon.  6.The children always have fun    Children’s Day. 7.He often goes to school    six thirty    the morning.   二.单项选择 1.The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Xiaoman(a little full) usually falls    May.  A.in    B.at    C.on    D.to 2.Now students have more free time    night because of the “double reduction” policy.  A.in   B.on   C.at    D.to 3.Su Yiming got his gold medal of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games    the afternoon of February 15th.  A.on     B.in    C.at    D.for Unit3 人称代词 一.人称代词的数和格 数 单数 复数 格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I 第二人称 you 第三人称 he she it 二.人称代词的用法 (1)人称代词主格的用法 人称代词的主格作句子的主语。 I like reading. 我喜欢阅读。 Where are they? 他们在哪儿? (2)人称代词宾格的用法 ①人称代词的宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语。 Let me show you around our school.让我带你们参观我们学校吧。 Please look after her for me. 请替我照顾她。 ②在口语中,人称代词作动词be的表语时,通常可用其宾格形式代替主格。 —Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?—It’s me. 是我。 ③人称代词单独使用时,一般用宾格而不用主格。 —I’d like to have a cup of coffee.我想喝一杯咖啡。—Me too. 我也是。 (3)人称代词it的用法   it可指代无生命的事物、天气、时间、性别不明确的动物、植物、婴儿以及未知身份的人。 English is very interesting. It is my favourite subject. 英语很有趣。它是我最喜爱的学科。 It’s rainy today.今天有雨。 What a lovely baby it is! 多么可爱的宝宝啊! —Who is it there? 谁在那边?—It’s Li Lei.是李磊。 三.人称代词的排序 人称代词单数的排序为:you, he/she, I(第二、三、一人称);人称代词复数的排序为:we, you, they(第一、二、三人称)。 You, he and I are all good at English.你、我和他都擅长英语。 We, you and they are all Chinese.你们、我们和他们都是中国人。 在承认错误、承担责任时,应把I或we(第一人称)放在首位。 I and he are wrong. 我和他错了。 一.阅读短文,根据汉语提示填入适当的人称代词。   Hi, I’m Millie. Today, I want to tell  1 (你们) about my new classmates, Zhang ke and Simon.  Zhang ke is from Beijing.  2 (她) is tall and has long hair.  3 (我们) also call  4 (她) Mary. She sits beside  5 (我). Simon is good at sports.  6 (他) has many friends.  7 (他们) often play football after school. His friends like  8 (他) very much because he is nice to  9 (他们). Simon is in the school football team.  10 (它) is the best team in our city.  二.单项选择 11.—Why are you so excited? —The scientist Huang Xuhua will come to our school. I can’t wait to see    .   A.you   B.me C.him   D.them 12.—Who is the woman over there? —She is Miss Fang. She is our English teacher. She teaches    English.  A.us    B.our   C.we   D.ours 13.—Mr Wu, can    go out to play with our friends?   —Oh, dear. I want    to help me do the cleaning.  A.my and me; she and her B.Amy and I; you and she C.Amy and me; her and you D.Amy and I; you and her Unit2 行为动词的一般现在时 一.行为动词一般现在时的基本用法 用法 例句 表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 My father gets up at 6:00 every morning.我的父亲每天早上6点起床。 表示目前的爱好、能力等。 My mother sings very well.我的母亲歌唱得很好。 表示不受时限的客观事实。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时常与always、 often、 usually、 sometimes等频度副词或every day/week/morning、in the morning/afternoon/evening等时间状语连用。 二. 行为动词一般现在时的两种形式   根据主语的人称和数的不同,行为动词的一般现在时有两种形式。 (1)当主语是第一人称、第二人称和第三人称的复数时,行为动词使用其原形。 We have breakfast and supper at home.我们在家吃早饭和晚饭。 You like swimming, right? 你们喜欢游泳,对吗? My parents read books at weekends.我父母周末读书。 (2)当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词使用其第三人称单数形式。 He does his homework at home. 他在家里做他的家庭作业。 三.行为动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成方法 规则 示例 大部分动词后加 like→ live→ 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词, study→ fly→ 以ch、sh、ss或x结尾的动词后加 watch→ wash→ dress→ fix→ 以辅音字母+o结尾的动词后加 go→ do→ 特殊变化 have→ 四.含行为动词的一般现在时的句式结构 句式 句式结构 例句 肯定句 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式(+其他). I like pears.我喜欢梨。 The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 否定句 主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形(+其他). I don’t like milk.我不喜欢牛奶。 She doesn’t want to go out.她不想出去。 一般疑问句及其简略回答 Do/Does+主语+动词原形(+其他)? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+do/does. 否定回答:No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t. —Do you go to school by bike?你骑自行车去上学吗? —Yes, I do./No, I don’t.是的,我骑。/不,我不骑。 —Does Millie live in Beijing? Millie住在北京吗? —Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.是的,她住在北京。/不,她不住在北京。 频度副词   表示动作发生的频率常用频度副词。频度副词所表示的频率由低到高为: 一.频度副词的用法 频度副词 用法 always usually often sometimes seldom never 二.频度副词在句中的位置   频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,be动词、情态动词和助动词之后。 We often play basketball after school. 放学后我们经常打篮球。 He is never late for school. 他上学从不迟到。 She can sometimes win a match.她有时能赢得比赛。 We do not usually go swimming.我们不经常去游泳。 有时为了表示强调,会把sometimes、 usually、 always、 often等频度副词放在句首;有时还会把often放在句末,这时可用very或quite来修饰often。 Sometimes my mum goes to work on foot. 有时我妈妈步行去上班。 I like playing computer games, but my dad doesn’t let me play them very often. 我喜欢玩电脑游戏,但是我爸爸不让我经常玩。 三.用how often对频度副词进行提问 对频度副词进行提问时,要用how often。 He seldom does morning exercises. 他很少做早操。 → How often does he do morning exercises? 他多久做一次早操? 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Alex    (hope) he can visit the USA in the future.  2.Sandy with her friends often    (fly) a kite in the park.  3.    (be) your friend ready for tomorrow’s evening party?  4.Members in this club    (be not) careful. They often leave the club with the lights on.  5.Cindy is a kind girl. Everyone in our class    (enjoy) playing with her.  6.My best friend and I    (be not) in the same school. We meet at the weekend.  7.My mother    (not go) to work on Saturdays or Sundays.  8.Millie’s family often    (read) together in the living room.  9.Watching football matches    (be) her hobby.  10.We all know light   (go) faster than sound.  二.按要求完成句子,每空一词 11.I’m your English teacher this term.(改为一般疑问句)        our English teacher this term?  12.Li Lei writes to his father every month. (改为一般疑问句)     Li Lei    to his father every month?  13.My mother does housework in the morning.(改为否定句) My mother       housework in the morning.  14.Do you often have breakfast at home?(用 Kitty代替 you 改写句子)     Kitty often    breakfast at home?  15.The old woman goes to the supermarket on foot. (对画线部分提问)         the old woman    to the supermarket?  原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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