Unit 4 Meeting the Muse 语言点课件-2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

语言点详解 Unit 4　 Meeting the muse 1 词汇精讲 2 短语辨析 3 语法详解 4 长难句分析 语言点详解 2 1 词汇精讲 3 compose vt.作曲;创作;组成,构成;使平静 (1)compose oneself使自己镇定 be composed of由……组成/构成 be made up of; consist of(常用于主动语态,不可用于进行时态) (2)composer n.作曲家 composition n.作品; 作曲; 作文; 创作; 构成 ①He lay back on the bed and tried to compose himself. 他躺在床上,尽力使自己平静下来。 ②What is water composed of? 水是由什么构成的? ③He is good at the composition of short stories. 他擅长写短篇小说。 compose vt.作曲;创作;组成,构成;使平静 abstract adj.抽象(派)的 n.抽象派艺术作品;(文献等的)摘要,概要 v.提取;抽取;写出(书等的)摘要 (1) in the abstract抽象地;理论上 (2) abstract...from...从……中提取/抽取…… ①She abstracted the main points from the argument. 她提炼出论证的要点。 ②He made an abstract of a long article. 他做了一篇长文章的摘要。 ③It is easier to think in concrete terms rather than in the abstract. 结合具体的事物来思考要比抽象思考容易些。 abstract adj.抽象(派)的 n.抽象派艺术作品;(文献等的)摘要,概要 v.提取;抽取;写出(书等的)摘要 trend n.趋势,动向倾向 a trend towards/in...……的趋势/动向 易混辨析trend, tendency与current trend 指事物发展总的方向、倾向或趋势 tendency 指固有或习得的倾向性,强调没有外来的影响或干扰,常构成短语: have a tendency (for sb./sth.) to do sth.(某人/物)有做某事的倾向 current 指向某一方面发展或在趋向中行动 He has a tendency to forget things.他有忘事的倾向。 ① This quartet represents a major new trend in modern music. 这首四重奏的曲子代表了现代音乐中一种主要的新趋势。 ② There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement. 提早退休者有增加的趋势。 trend n.趋势,动向倾向 contrast n.反差,对比 v.对比;对照 (1) by contrast 相比之下 be a contrast to 与……形成对比 in contrast with/to 与……形成对比 (2) contrast...with... 把……与……作比较 contrast with 与……形成对照 ①The contrast of white and orange was so beautiful. 白色和橘黄色的对比是如此美丽。 ②She had almost failed the exam, but her younger sister, by contrast, had done very well. 她考试差点不及格,而相比之下她妹妹考得很好。 ③In contrast to his brothers, Tom is rather short. 与他的兄弟相比,汤姆相当矮。 ④The yellow curtains contrast sharply with the blue bedcover. 黄色窗帘与蓝色床罩形成鲜明对比。 contrast n.反差,对比 v.对比;对照 distinct adj.清晰的,明显不同的 (1) be distinct from...与……截然不同;与……有区别 (2) distinction n.差别;区别;对比;特质;特点 draw/make a distinction把……区别开来 distinct adj.清晰的,明显不同的 ①The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups. 调查结果分为明显不同的两组。 ②We need to draw/make a distinction between the two events. 我们得把这两起事件区别开来。 ③Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other. 那两种观念截然不同。 folk adj.民间的，民俗的 n. 人们 folk tales 民间故事 traditional folk arts 传统的民间艺术 Chinese folk music 中国民间音乐 a folk music festival 民间音乐节 ordinary working-class folk 普通劳动大众 the folks back home 家乡的父老乡亲 2 短语辨析 15 on display展出;陈列 (1)“on+名词”类短语,on表示“在……中”。 on guard在值勤　　 on leave 在休假 on holiday在度假　　　　 on strike 在罢工 on sale出售　　　　 on duty值班,上班 on business出差　　　on show在展出 (2)“on+the+名词”类短语 on the move 在迁移;在行进 on the go 十分活跃,非常忙碌 on the air正在广播 on the increase正在增加 on the fly赶紧地;匆忙中 on display展出;陈列 ①Are you here on business or for pleasure? 你是来出差还是来玩? ②The man on duty didn't notice the danger.值班的人没有注意到这危险 ③A few years ago it was an endangered species, but now the population is on the increase. 几年前,它还是濒临灭绝的物种,但现在它的数量正在增加。 ④I've been on the go ever since eight o'clock this morning. 我从早晨八点钟起就一直忙个不停。 turn to 求助于;转向 turn on 接通(水、煤气、电流等)(反义词组turn off) ~ out 结果是,证明是,生产 ~ up 调高;出现 ~ to求助于;转向 ~ over (使)翻转;仔细思考 ~ back 往回走,(使)折回 ~ around 转身 ~ in 上交 take turns 轮流 in~ 转而，相应地（反过来） in return 作为回报（用于报答某人） turn to 求助于;转向 ①Can you turn that music down a bit? 你能把音乐稍微调小一点吗? ②Where's your book? Take it out and turn to Page 4. 你的书呢?把它拿出来,翻到第4页。 ③Hiring a nanny has turned out to be the perfect solution. 雇用保姆结果成了解决问题的最佳方法。 pass down 传承，传递（常用于被动语态） pass by 经过 pass ... on (to...) 把...转交； 把...传给 pass away 去世（委婉说法） pass down from generation to generation 代代相传 come to life 活跃起来 苏醒过来： come （back）to life come （back）to one’s senses come to oneself bring to life 使...更有趣，使...更生动 come to sb. （主意、办法等）被某人想出 come to sth. 合计，共计，达到 come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to an end 结束 bring out (使)显现;说明,出版;拿出 bring in 推行;采用,引进;赚钱 bring about 引起;导致 bring down 降低,减少 bring back 归还;使回忆起;重新使用 bring up 养育;抚养;提出;呕吐 bring out (使)显现;说明,出版;拿出 ①His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. 他父亲在他小的时候就去世了,他母亲把他抚养成人。 ②The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable. 为了保持市场稳定,政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格。 ③What brought about the change in his attitude? 是什么导致他改变了态度? set...in motion使……开始 (1) set up建立;设立;创建 set aside留出(钱或时间);把……放在一旁 set down写下,记下,让某人下车 set out (for+地点)动身/启程(去某地) set off出发,动身;引发;使(炸弹等)爆炸 set...in...以……为背景 set out to do sth. =set about doing sth.开始/着手做某事 (2) motion n.动,运动 in motion在开动中,在运转中 set/put...in motion 让……动起来 (3) motion v.(以头或手)做动作,示意 motion to sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事 set...in motion使……开始 ①I set up the computer so that they could work at home. 我把电脑设置好,这样他们就可以在家办公了。 ②The hotel manager set aside two pleasant rooms for us. 经理给我们留出两间舒适的房间。 ③She listened attentively and set down every word he said. 她专心听着,把他说的话一字不漏地记下来。 set...in motion使……开始 ④We set off for London just after ten. 刚过十点,我们就动身去伦敦了。 ⑤The story is set in the autumn of 1960. 故事以1960年秋天为背景。 ⑥They set the machinery in motion. 他们将机器开动起来。 ⑦I motioned to the waiter. 我向侍者打了个手势。 a/the chance to do 做...的机会 offer you a /the chance to show yourself 向你提供展示你自己的机会 a/the ability to do 做...的能力 an/the opportunity to do 做...的机会 a/the way to do 做...的方法 miss a chance 错过机会 take one’chance 碰运气 be tired from因……而疲劳 be/get tired of 对……感到厌倦,其中be表示状态,get强调动作 get/be tired from 因……感到疲劳,其中be表示状态,get强调动作 be tired from因……而疲劳 ①I'm studying art at school, and I enjoy it a lot, although I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time. 我在学校学习艺术,而且我非常喜爱它,尽管一直看画我会感到厌倦。 ②You may be tired from reading, but you should not be tired of it.看书可能使你疲劳,但你不应该对看书感到厌烦。 interact with 与……互动 (1) interact v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;相互作用 interact with与……交流/沟通/合作;与……相互作用 (2) interaction n.交流;相互作用 interaction between/with...……之间的交流/相互作用 interact with 与……互动 ①Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child. 教师和每个孩子互动的时间有限。 ②You will enjoy the interaction with others this week. 本周你将乐于与人交流。 rather than与其说是……不如说是……;而不是 (1)rather than是并列连词,连接并列的成分。 注意:当连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。rather than后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to的不定式。 (2)rather than与would连用时,构成“would rather...than...”句式,意为“宁愿……而不愿……”,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择其一,相当于would...rather than...。 (3)prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做B rather than与其说是……不如说是……;而不是 ①He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。 ②You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去野营。 ③Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他以半价卖掉了蔬菜,而不是让它们烂掉。 ④She would rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 ⑤I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。 label...as...把……称为…… (1) label vt.(尤指不公正地)把……称为 label sb./sth. (as)+n./adj.把……称为…… (2) label vt.贴标签于;用标签标明 (3) label n.标签;签条;标记;唱片公司 label...as...把……称为…… ① It is unfair to label a small baby as naughty. 硬说一个小小的婴儿淘气是不公平的。 ② Too often the press are labelled as bad boys. 记者们经常被称为捣蛋分子。 ③ The file was labelled “Private”. 那份档案已标明“私人”。 ④ The washing instructions are on the label. 洗涤说明在标签上。 be accessible to sb.对某人来说易懂的/易接近的 (1) accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的 (2) access n.通路;入径;(使用或见到的)机会,权利 access to sth.接近/到达 have/get/obtain access to...有/得到……的权利或机会 be accessible to sb.对某人来说易懂的/易接近的 ① The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and it's accessible through a computer. 因特网是世界上最大的信息源,通过电脑便能进入。 ②Each room comes with its own bathroom and Internet access. 每个房间都有浴室,都能上网。 ③Across the world, about 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water. 全世界约11亿人喝不到干净的饮用水。 be unfamiliar with 对……不了解 (1) unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的;不认识的 (2) familiar adj.熟悉的;常见到的;常听说的 sb. be familiar with sth. 某人对某事熟悉     sb./sth. be familiar to sb. 某人/物为某人所熟悉 be unfamiliar with 对……不了解 ①Are you familiar with the computer software they use? 你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗? ②This nursery rhyme is very familiar to me. 我对这首童谣很熟悉。 3 语法详解 40 现在完成进行时：have been doing 现在完成进行时：表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。强调动作、薪给本身未完成。 现在完成时： 表示事情发生在过去，并一直持续到现在，且过去发生的动作对现在有一定影响。强调动作、行为本身未完成。 A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years. 76岁的威尔逊是一名退休工程师，他在过去八年中一直为大学生们提供免费乘车服务。 not only...but also...不但……而且…… (1) not only...but (also)...连接并列的成分,所连接的词的词性应该对等。 (2) not only放于句首时,含not only的分句用部分倒装结构。 (3) not only...but also...连接句子的两个主语时,谓语动词的变化遵循“就近原则”。类似用法的还有:either...or..., neither...nor...等。 not only...but also...不但……而且…… ① She is very strict not only with all of us, but about all her own work. 她不仅严格要求我们所有人,而且对她自己的一切工作也很严格。 ② You can take a train to go there, which enables you not only to enjoy the beautiful scenery but to save money. 你可以乘火车去那里,这不仅能使你欣赏美丽的风景,而且还能省钱。 ③ To my surprise, not only did she give me the confidence but also encouraged me to have a try. 令我感到惊讶的是,她不仅给我信心,而且鼓励我去尝试一下。 see+宾语+宾语补足语 (1)“see+宾语(名词/代词)+宾补”结构。其常见形式有: see +宾语+在主动语态中跟不带to的不定式作宾补,但在被动句中作宾补的不定式必须带to。 (2)感官动词巧记忆: 五看:notice, observe, see, watch, look at; 二听:listen to, hear; 一感觉:feel。 see+宾语+宾语补足语 ①I saw them playing football in the playground. 我看见他们正在操场上踢足球。 ②I would like to see the work finished tomorrow morning. 我想看到工作明早被完成。 ③I saw him walk out of the school.=He was seen to walk out of the school. 我看见他走出了学校。 with+宾语+宾语补足语 “with+宾语+宾补”, 即with的复合结构,在句中多作状语,表条件、原因、伴随等。在该结构中可充当宾补的有形容词、副词、介词短语和非谓语动词等。 (1)with+宾语+doing(doing常表主动进行) (2)with+宾语+done(done常表被动完成) (3)with+宾语+to do(to do常表将来) with+宾语+宾语补足语 ① He is used to sleeping with the window open at night in summer. 夏天的夜晚他习惯开着窗户睡觉。 ② With exams approaching, it is a good idea to review your class notes. 随着考试临近,复习你的课堂笔记是个好主意。 ③ With a lot of work to do, I cannot go out with you. 有很多工作要做,我不能和你一起出去了。 ④ With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch. 所有的工作都做完了,他们匆忙赶回家吃午饭。 to do 形式作表语 (1)不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作,特别是表示将来的动作。 (2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 (3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或是what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语对主语起补充说明的作用。 to do 形式作表语 ①My job is to drive them to the company every day. 我的工作就是每天开车送他们去公司。 ②To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 ③My aim was first of all to determine what I should do next. 我的目标首先是要确定自己下一步该做什么。 v.-ing形式作表语 (1)动词的-ing形式作表语用来说明主语的内容,表示主语的某种性质或状态。 (2)当与主语是同一概念的时候,主语与表语的位置可以互换。 v.-ing形式作表语 ①Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行很有趣,但很累。 ②My favorite sport is swimming. =Swimming is my favorite sport. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 as if +从句 as if既可引导表语从句也可引导状语从句,从句中可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。当使用虚拟语气时,形式如下: (1)表示与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去时(be通常用were); (2)表示与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done); (3)表示与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。 as if +从句 ①She looked as if nothing had happened to her. 她看起来好像什么也没有发生过似的。 ②He opened his mouth as if he wanted to say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 ③It looks as if he were drunk. 他看上去好像喝醉了。 It is/was not until...+that+其他 (1)强调句型的基本结构: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。被强调的部分通常是句子的主语、宾语或状语。被强调部分如果是人,that和who都可以使用;如果强调的是人以外的其他事物,则只能用that。当对not...until...句式进行强调时,要使用“It is/was not until...+that+其他”的形式。 (2)强调句的一般疑问句: Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他? It is/was not until...+that+其他 (3)强调句的特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他? (4)强调句型的判别方式: 把It is/was及that/who去掉依然是一个完整的句子;否则,就不是强调句型。 It is/was not until...+that+其他 ①Was it Sally that/who phoned you just now? 刚才给你打电话的是萨莉吗? ②What was it that prevented him from coming on time? 是什么使他没按时来? ③It was not until you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake. 直到你给我指出,我才意识到自己的错误。 a time+when引导的定语从句 (1)when引导定语从句时,在从句中充当时间状语,其先行词为表示时间的名词,如time, day等。其中when可以用“介词+which”替换。 (2)如果定语从句中缺少主语/宾语等成分时,则一般用that/which引导,有时还可以省略。 a time+when引导的定语从句 ①Choose a time when you will be relaxed but also too busy to think about smoking. 选择一个你很放松但又太忙而来不及考虑吸烟的时候。 ②He will always remember the day when/on which his father returned from America. 他将永远记得父亲从美国返回的那一天。 where引导的主语从句 (1)连接副词where引导主语从句时,在从句中充当地点状语。 (2)that引导主语从句时,在从句中不充当任何成分,一般情况下不能省略。 (3)连接代词what引导主语从句时,在从句中充当主语、宾语等。 where引导的主语从句 ①Where we will spend our holiday has not been decided. 我们在哪里度假还没有决定。 ②What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone. 他在会上所说的话鼓励了所有人。 ③That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 很明显,那个司机不能控制他的车。 4 长难句分析 61 [分析]这是一个主从复合句,其中主句部分为主系表 结构,whose引导非限制性定语从句,whose在从句中作定语。 [翻译]弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼是一位荷兰艺术家,他创作的大型雕塑在世界各地进行展出。 [分析]这是一个主从复合句,其中As引导非限制性定语从句,主句部分为主谓宾结构,so as to...作目的状语。 [翻译] 他曾说过,中国音乐要承载人文精神的“共同理念”,才能被世界认可。 [分析]该句中现在分词短语slicing a tomato作后置定语 ,修饰someone;过去分词短语played in slow motion作后置定语,修饰video 。 [翻译]将一个人切西红柿的视频慢动作播放,真的可以被称作“艺术”吗？ 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [分析]该句为主从复合句,主句谓语动词为used, that引导定语从句,修饰先行词way。 [翻译]最近有一个项目用科技手段和数据还原了伦勃朗的绘画方式。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [分析]该句为主从复合句,其中when引导定语 从句,修饰先行词time。 [翻译]也许,这些先进的技术正带领我们走进一个由电脑而非人类创造艺术的时代。 　　　　　　　 THANKS 67 $$