Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger 语言点课件-2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

语言点详解 Unit 3　Faster, higher, stronger 1 01 词汇精讲 02 短语辨析 03 语法详解 04 长难句分析 2 01 词汇精讲 02 短语辨析 03 语法详解 04 长难句分析 3 association n. 协会， 联盟， 社团； 交往，联合，合伙； 联想， 联系 (1)associate vt.联想,联系 vi.交往 associate...with...把……和……联系/联想在一起 associate with sb.与某人交往 (2)associated adj.有联系的;相关的,有关联的 be associated with...与……有联系 (3)in association with与……联合 4 association n. 协会， 联盟， 社团； 交往，联合，合伙； 联想， 联系 ①We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless. 我们正与本地的一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。 ②I feel honored to have the chance to live, work and associate with them. 我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工作和相处 ③Scientists have drawn a conclusion that smoking is greatly associated with lung cancer. 科学家已得出结论:肺癌与吸烟密切相关。 5 attach vt.& vi.系;贴;连接;把……固定;使附属;重视 (1)attach...to...把……固定/附在……上 attach oneself to依附;参与 attach great importance/significance to sth. 认为……非常重要/很有意义 (2)attached adj.依恋;附属于 be attached to附属于;依恋 (3)attachment n.附属;(电子邮件的)附件 6 attach vt.& vi.系;贴;连接;把……固定;使附属;重视 ①The country will not attach itself to any big power. 这个国家不依附任何大国。 ②The old man is very attached to old customs and habits. 这个老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。 ③Many of us teenagers attach much more importance to our phones than to our friends. 我们很多青少年认为手机要比朋友重要得多。 7 　adjust vt.调整,调节;整理 vt.& vi.适应,习惯 (1)adjust...to...调整……以适应…… adjust to (doing) sth.习惯/适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to sth.使自己适应某事 (2)adjustment n.调整;适应 make adjustments/an adjustment (to)(对……)作出调整 8 　adjust vt.调整,调节;整理 vt.& vi.适应,习惯 ①You can adjust the belt to the size that you want. 皮带(的松紧)可按照你要的尺寸来调整。 ②It took her a while to adjust to living alone. 她花了一段时间才适应独自生活。 ③They adjusted themselves to the city life quickly. 他们很快就适应了城市生活。 ④As a teacher, you have to make adjustments to the needs of your students. 作为老师,你一定要根据学生需要作出调整。 9 aim n.目标;目的 v.对准,打算 (1)aim to do sth.力求做某事 aim at doing sth./be aimed at目的是;旨在 (2)take aim at...瞄准…… with the aim of以……为目标;意在…… (3)aimless adj.无目的的 aimlessly adv.无目的地 10 ①Uganda announced a 14-day suspension of public transport aiming at stopping the spread of COVID-19.乌干达宣布暂停公共交通14天,旨在阻止新型冠状病毒肺炎的传播。 ②These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime. 这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。 ③Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing where she was heading. 简沿着两旁有树的街道漫无目的地往前走,不知道她要去哪里。 aim n.目标;目的 v.对准,打算 11 despite prep.尽管 (1)despite和in spite of有“尽管”之意,而regardless of...强调“不认为……重要,从而不加以重视或考虑。 (2)regardless of后可跟whether,what引导的从句,而in spite of和despite后不可接从句,但是其后可加the fact that...(that引导同位语从句)。 12 despite prep.尽管 ①Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.尽管以前进行了多轮的会谈,但到目前为止双方尚未达成任何协议。 ②In spite of ups and downs,she never takes her fate lying down. 尽管有起起落落,但她从不甘心接受命运的摆布。 ③Our club is open to everyone regardless of age,sex or the educational back-ground.我们的俱乐部对所有人开放,不分年龄、性别和教育背景 ④She went to Spain despite the fact that her doctor had told her to rest.尽管事实是医生告诉她要休息,但她还是去了西班牙 13 effort n.努力 (1) make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 spare no effort (to do)不遗余力(做) (2) with effort努力地,艰难地 without effort容易地,不费力地 “尽一切努力做某事”:try/do one's best to do sth.; do all that sb. can to do sth.; do what sb. can to do sth. 14 effort n.努力 ①Chinese-American communities across the U.S. are making hard efforts to help fight against COVID-19. 全美华人社区正为协助抗击新冠肺炎做出艰苦努力。 ②Food safety is very important,so the government spares no effort to prevent food pollution. 食品安全非常重要,因此政府不遗余力地防止食品污染。 ③He won first prize in the speech contest without effort. 他轻松地赢得了演讲比赛的一等奖。 15 award n.奖;奖品 vt.授予;给予;判定 (1)award sth. to sb.=award sb. sth.把某物颁发给某人 (2)win/receive/get an award for因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项 16 award n.奖;奖品 vt.授予;给予;判定 ①He received an award from the government for his contribution to agriculture. 他因为对农业的贡献而获得政府的奖励。 ②They awarded the first prize to John.=They awarded John the first prize. 他们把一等奖颁给了约翰。 17 strike v.(雷电、暴风雨、灾难等)发生(袭击); 击打;突然想到(想法);打动 (1)sth. strikes sb.某人突然想到某事 It strikes sb. that...某人一下子想到…… (2)be struck by...被……打动;迷恋…… (3)strike sb. in/on+the+身体部位 打某人某部位 18 strike v.(雷电、暴风雨、灾难等)发生(袭击); 击打;突然想到(想法);打动 ①COVID-19 struck the city of Wuhan months ago. 几个月前,武汉突发新冠肺炎。 ②An awful thought has just struck me. 刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。 ③His father struck him in the face. 父亲打了他的脸。 ④He was struck by the beauty of her. 他被她的美丽迷住了。 19 advanced adj.高龄的;先进的;高级的 advance n.前进;进展 v.前进,行进;发展;推动 in advance(=ahead of time)预先,事先 20 ①Our school brought in some advanced equipment in 2019. 我们学校在2019年引进了一些先进设备。 ②The boy is good at advanced mathematics,not to mention such an easy problem. 这男孩连高等数学都擅长,更不用说这么简单的问题了。 ③To catch the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前约了出租车,而且起床很早。 ④The troops were finally given the order to advance. 部队终于得到了前进的命令。 advanced adj.高龄的;先进的;高级的 21 honour v.尊敬,敬重;授予荣誉 n.荣誉 (1) honour sb. with... 授予某人…,奖励某人… (2) in honour of 为了纪念…… have the honour of doing sth.有幸做某事 (3) be honoured for 因……而受到尊敬 be/feel honoured to do sth.因做某事而感到荣幸 22 ①I'm glad to hear that you've decided to honour us with your presence! 很高兴听到您已决定大驾光临! ②I have the honour of making/feel honoured to make a speech to welcome the respected guests.我有幸发表演说来欢迎尊贵的客人。 ③Washington,a state in the United States,was named in honour of one of the greatest American presidents. 华盛顿,美国的一个州,是为了纪念美国最伟大的总统之一而命名的 honour v.尊敬,敬重;授予荣誉 n.荣誉 23 involve v.包含,需要;牵涉,牵连;(使)参加,加入 (1) involve doing sth.包括/需要做某事 (2) involved adj.复杂的;有牵连的,有关的 be/get involved in (doing)... 被卷入(做)……之中;热衷于(做)……,专心于(做)…… be/get involved with sb. 与某人混在一起,和某人有密切联系 (3)involvement n.参与;投入 24 involve v.包含,需要;牵涉,牵连;(使)参加,加入 注意： involved 作前置定语时,意为“复杂的”; 作后置定语时,意为“涉及的”。 the involved story复杂的经历; the people involved所涉及的人 25 ①Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students. 米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作,(这份工作)需要 和学生待在一起的时间比较长。 ②We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations.我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。 ③How many vehicles were involved in the crash? 这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车? involve v.包含,需要;牵涉,牵连;(使)参加,加入 26 engage vi.& vt.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); 从事,参加,(使)参与;雇用,聘请 (1)engage in...参加…… engage sb. in...让某人参加…… (2)engage sb.(as sth.)雇用某人(为某职位);聘用 (3)engaged adj.忙于,从事于 be engaged in...忙于…… 27 engage vi.& vt.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); 从事,参加,(使)参与;雇用,聘请 ①The program aims to encourage students to engage themselves in making a difference in society. 这个项目旨在鼓励学生投入社会,并对社会产生影响。 ②We'd be able to engage local people as volunteers. 我们可以请当地人做志愿者。 ③He is engaged in doing his French exercises. 他正忙于做法语练习。 28 assign v.分派,分配;指派 (1)assign sb. sth.=assign sth. to sb. 将某物分配给某人;给某人布置(工作、任务等) assign sb. to sth./as sth. 指派某人做某一项工作/担任某一职务 assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事 (2)assignment n. (分派的)工作,任务;(工作等的)分派,布置 29 assign v.分派,分配;指派 ①The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday task. =The teacher has assigned a holiday task to each of us 老师给我们每个人都分配了假期的任务。 ②They've assigned the best man to do the job. 他们指派了最优秀的人做这项工作。 ③She was sent abroad to carry out a difficult assignment.她被派出国去执行一项艰巨的任务。 30 defeat v.击败,战胜 n.失败,战败 defeat 和beat都可跟sb.,一般可互换,defeat比beat更正式,其后的宾语通常是比赛或战斗的对手 beat 侧重于比赛中击败对手 win 后可接比赛、辩论、战斗等,表示“荣获,赢得” 31 ①Don't you want to defeat your opponent next time? 难道你不想下次击败你的对手吗? ②He suffered a defeat in the match again. 这次比赛中他又遭挫败。 defeat v.击败,战胜 n.失败,战败 32 seize vt.夺取,攻占;抓住,捉住;把握(机会、时机等) seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊 seize sth. (from sb.)(从某人那里)夺取某物 seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会 33 seize vt.夺取,攻占;抓住,捉住;把握(机会、时机等) ①They seized the boy by the arm and dragged him towards the door. 他们抓住男孩的胳膊,把他拖到门口去。 ②He seized the book from her hand. 他从她手里夺过了书。 ③Seize the chance, otherwise you'll regret it. 抓住这个机会,否则你会后悔的。 34 expectation n. 预料，预期 beyond one’s expectations 超出某人的预期 in expectation of 期待；期望 against/beyond all expectations 大大出乎意料 live up to one’s expectations 不辜负某人的期望 35 burst v. 突然出现，冲闯；爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 burst into + 名词 “突然......起来” burst out + doing burst into tears = burst out crying burst onto/upon/on 突然出现在......（指突然成功） burst with anger / joy 勃然大怒/心花怒放 burst in（不及物）/into 闯进 36 01 词汇精讲 02 短语辨析 03 语法详解 04 长难句分析 37 a far cry from 与… 大不相同 as far as 据…， 就…；远到… by far … 得多，更，显然 far from 远非 so far迄今为止 38 a far cry from 与… 大不相同 Life on a farm is a far cry from what I’ve been used to 农场生活与我已过惯的日子迥然不同。 The polar bear was found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. 北极熊分布在北极圈和远至纽芬兰的大片陆地上。 39 give way 倒塌,向下垮（= break/fall down） 被…取代（+ to）(尤指经过反复讨论或争论) 让步，退让 give way to the young 被年轻人取代 give way to sb. 给某人让路；对某人让步/屈服 give way to sth. 为某事让路 40 give way 倒塌,向下垮（= break/fall down） 被…取代（+ to）(尤指经过反复讨论或争论) 让步，退让 give up 放弃 停止 give up smoking 戒烟 give away 泄露；赠送，分发 give out 用完，耗尽；分发，散发 give off 发出，放出（光、热、气味等） 41 follow in one’s footsteps 仿效某人； 继承某人（尤指家人）的事业 follow one’s tracks 循着某人的足迹 follow the guidelines 遵循指导原则 follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议 follow the crowd 随大流，附和大众 follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则 follow the directions on 按照……上的说明 42 set out to do sth. 着手做某事 set aside 把…放到一边；省出，留出 set off 出发，动身；使…爆炸；引发 set down 写下，记下；让…下来 set out 动身，启程 （for 地点） set up 建立；设立；搭起；安装 43 carry on 继续 ; 坚持 ; 进行 carry on(doing) sth. 继续(做)某事 carry out 完成(任务);实施,落实;执行,履行 carry sth. through 成功完成,顺利实现 carry sb. through 帮助某人渡过难关 44 ①If you carry on working like that,you will break down sooner or later. 如果你继续像那样工作,你迟早会累垮的。 ②He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry out the secret task. 当他去执行这项秘密任务时,他给自己起了一个新名字来隐藏自己的身份。 ③He carried the work through in a month. 这项工作他一个月就完成了 carry on 继续;坚持;进行 45 burst onto突然在……出现;突然显现 (1)burst into+n.突然……起来 (2)burst out doing突然……起来 (3)burst with joy/pride/anger非常高兴/满怀自豪/勃然大怒 46 ①The aircraft crashed and burst into flames. 飞机坠毁后猛烈燃烧起来。 ②Hearing the funny story, Karen burst out laughing. 听着那滑稽的故事,卡伦突然大笑起来。 ③He felt he would burst with anger and shame. 他恼羞成怒,都要气炸了。 burst onto突然在……出现;突然显现 47 pay off取得成功,得到回报;偿清,还清(债务) pay back 偿还(欠款);报答;报复 pay for 付……的钱;因……而受惩罚 注意： pay off 当“取得成功,得到回报”讲时,为不及物动词短语,在句中用主动语态。 48 ①It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan. 他得用余生来还清那笔贷款。 ②If you don't work hard now,you'll pay for it later when you fail your exams. 如果你现在不努力学习,到以后考试不及格时就得为此付出代价 ③I must do something to pay back his help. 我必须做点什么去报答他的帮助。 pay off取得成功,得到回报;偿清,还清(债务) 49 take part in 参加 attend 参加，出席---- 会议、婚礼、葬礼、报告、上课等 join 加入 ---- 团体、组织、人群等 join in 参与某事，跟某人一起作某事 ---- 活动 join sb. in the singing 跟某人一起唱歌 take part in 参加某项活动 ---- 活动，并在活动中起一定的作用 50 day in and day out 日复一日，夜以继日 one day （将来/过去）有一天；总有一天 all day 整天 day by day 一天天；逐日 some day 总有一天；将来有一天；来日 with each passing day 日益地，一天天地 day and night 夜以继日 51 take place 发生 take place 尤指根据安排或计划发生 happen/occur 尤指偶然发生，occur较正式 break out 指战争、火灾等突然发生、爆发 以上全部为不及物动词 无被动语态 52 take the place of 代替 in place of 代替 in place 在正确的位置； 准备就绪 out of place 在不适当的位置；不适当 take place 发生 53 01 词汇精讲 02 短语辨析 03 语法详解 04 长难句分析 54 同位语从句 … Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become. … 斯蒂芬·库里生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么样的人。 同位语从句常放在proof, evidence, doubt, fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information , thought 等 55 同位语从句 The news that our team has won the game is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. 科学家已经获得了更多的证据，证明塑料正在设法进入人类的身体。 56 Not only 部分倒装 Not only did he have guts, he was much faster than me ! 他不仅有胆量，而且比我快多。 本句是not only…but also… 结构， but also…被省略了，一般省略also… ，否定词位于句首，用倒装形式。 not only…but also…不但…而且… 链接并列的句子成分。连接主语时，就近原则， but also后的主语来决定为动词的单复数。 57 Not only 部分倒装 Not only you but also I am going to attend his birthday party. Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. 58 a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 动词不定式作定语: (1)当修饰的名词是ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、desire、decision、effort、failure、promise 等一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词时; (2)当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式作定语; (3)当修饰的词为something、nothing、anything等不定代词时; (4)当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。 59 a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 ①Steve, as usual, was the last to arrive. 史蒂夫照例来得最晚。 ②Do you have the ability to read and write English? 你具备读写英语的能力吗? ③He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 他许诺明天按时来这儿。 60 “keep+宾语+宾补”结构 keep+宾语+ 61 “keep+宾语+宾补”结构 ①While you are sleeping, you’d better not keep all the windows open. 你睡觉的时候最好不要让所有的窗户都开着。 ②I'm really sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 实在不好意思,让你久等了。 ③He always kept his dog in the house when he was away on business. 当他出差时,他总是将狗关在房子里。 62 “make+宾语+宾补”结构 “make+宾语+宾补”结构中,可以作宾补的有:名词、形容词、省略to的不定式及过去分词。 63 ①The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient. 互联网使我们的生活变得容易、方便。 ②What he said made all of us laugh. 他说的话让我们都大笑起来。 ③I'm not very good at German, but I can make myself understood. 我的德语不太好,但我能表达清楚自己的意思。 “make+宾语+宾补”结构 64 where引导的定语从句 (1)where引导的定语从句中where相当于“介词+which”,在定语从句中作地点状语。 (2)where引导定语从句时,不仅仅修饰具体的地点,还可以修饰抽象的地点,此先行词常为stage、situation、case、point等抽象名词。 65 ①When I arrived,he took me to see the house where I would be staying. =When I arrived, he took me to see the house in which I would be staying. 当我到达时,他带我去看了我将要住的房子。 ②The government is at a stage where it is willing to talk to almost anyone. 政府现在几乎愿意与任何人对话 where引导的定语从句 66 否定转移 I don’t think it should be ... 我认为不应该...... 宾语从句的否定词转移到主句上，即形式上是否定主句，但意义上是否定宾语从句。 否定转移的条件：主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等；主句主语是第一人称；主句时态是一般现在时 67 01 词汇精讲 02 短语辨析 03 语法详解 04 长难句分析 68 [分析]本句是主系表结构。动名词短语Shooting with great accuracy作主语,with great accuracy是介词短语作定语,he learnt是定语从句,修饰先行词thing。 [尝试翻译]他学到的另一个技巧是精准投篮。　　　　　　　　　　　　　 69 70 [分析]本句是主从复合句。I know是主句,其后是省略了that的宾语从句。不定式短语to value the skill of it作宾语补足。who引导定语从句,修饰先行词people。the fact后的 that引导同位语从句。 [尝试翻译]　我知道它激励了很多的下一代人,很多热爱篮球运动的人去重视它的技巧,重视这样一个事实你可以每天都努力变得更好。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　      　　　　　　　　　　　　 71 72 [分析]本句为主从复合句。Inspiring others...是现在分词短语作状语。Stephen Curry is living proof 是主句,that what ...you become是同位语从句,作proof的同位语。同位语从句中第一个what引导主语从句,what在从句中作宾语补足语,第二个what引导宾语从句,what在从句中作表语。 [尝试翻译]激励别人相信他们自己,斯蒂芬·库里就是活生生的例子,他证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么样的人。 73 74 [分析]本句为主从复合句,after引导时间状语从句 ,其中包含了where引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 the “group of death”。 [尝试翻译]　在里约热内卢（奥运会上）,中国女排被分到“死亡之组”后,她们需要全力以赴的战斗精神对抗小组赛中几个强大的对手。  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 75 76 [分析]这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句, 这个宾语从句也是个主从复合句,as soon as引导时间状语从。 [尝试翻译] 郎平非常清楚,当一个团队从领奖台上走下来时,她们就需要从零开始,为未来的新挑战做准备。 77 THANK YOU 78 $$