Unit 2 Onwards and Upwards 语言点课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

语言点详解 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 01 词汇精讲 02 短语辨析 03 语法详解 04 长难句分析 词汇精讲 regret v.感到遗憾;惋惜;懊悔 “We regret to inform you...” These are the words that every writer dreads receiving, but words every writer knows well. (教材P14)“我们抱歉地通知您……” 这句话对每个作家而言,既可怕又熟悉。 (1) regret having done/doing sth. 后悔做了某事 regret to do sth. 很遗憾要去做某事 对尚未做的事表示遗憾 regret to say/tell/inform...that 遗憾地说/告知…… regret that+从句　很遗憾…… (2) to one's regret 让某人感到遗憾的是 with great/deep regret很遗憾 (3) regretful adj.遗憾的;后悔的 regret v.感到遗憾;惋惜;懊悔 regret v.感到遗憾;惋惜;懊悔 ①I regretted having left the work unfinished. 这件工作我没有做完,感到有些后悔。 ②I regret that I am unable to accept your kind invitation. 很遗憾,我不能接受你的友好邀请。 ③It is with great regret that our department has to downsize to three people. 非常遗憾的是,我们的部门要减员至三人。 inform v. 通知,告知 information 信息 (1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知(告知)某人某事 inform sb. that+从句　通知,告知 (2)information n.信息(不可数名词) (3)informed adj.有知识的;了解情况的;见多识广的 warn 警告某人某事 cure 治愈某人某病 convince 使某人相信某事 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 rob 抢某人的东西 rid 使某人摆脱某事 accuse 指控某人犯有......罪 和inform sb. of sth. 结构相同的短语有： inform v. 通知,告知 information 信息 ① We were informed that our school would reopen on May 19th. 我们获悉学校将于5月19日复课。 ② Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. 一定要紧扣主题,不要提供不相关的信息。 ③ The school promised to keep parents informed about the situation. 学校答应让家长随时了解情况。 rarely adv.很少,难得 Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection.(教材P14)大家都明白,成功不是一蹴而就的;但也许很多人都不知道,许多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。 rarely adv.很少,难得 rare adj.稀少的;稀罕的,珍贵的 a rare opportunity 难得的机会 a rare disease 罕见的疾病 It's rare for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是罕见的 注意： rarely是含有否定意义的副词,位于句首时,句子应部分倒装,有类似用法的否定副词还有never、little、seldom、hardly、 scarcely、nor、neither等 rarely adv.很少,难得 ①They battled against other Indian tribes, but rarely fought with the whites. 他们与其他印第安部落交战,但很少与白人作战。 ②It's extremely rare for her to lose her temper. 她难得发脾气。 ③She is a warm-hearted person. Rarely does she refuse to help others. 她是个热心肠的人,极少拒绝帮助别人。 ④Hardly has he been seen playing basketball recently. 最近几乎没见过他打篮球。 rejection n. 拒绝，否决 Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection.(教材P14)大家都明白,成功不是一蹴而就的;但也许很多人都不知道,许多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。 face lots of rejections 遭到很多拒绝 reject vt. 拒绝，不接受 reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan 拒绝接受某人的看法/建议/计划 rejection n. 拒绝，否决 Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejection. 就像爸爸早年的日子一样，我遭到了很多拒绝。 On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its mother. 在我最近的一次参观中，我抱了一对被母亲抛弃的可爱的三个月大的双胞胎中的一个。 persevere v. 锲而不舍，坚持不懈 Nevertheless, she persevered. 尽管如此，她依然锲而不舍。 persevere in sth./in doing sth. 坚持某事/做某事 persevere with sth./sb. 坚持；孜孜以求 Persevere and you’ll succeed. 只要坚持不懈，你会成功的。 They are determined to persevere in the fight. 他们决心坚持战斗。 You have to persevere with difficult students. 对难教的学生你必须要有诲人不倦的精神。 guarantee v.保证,担保,保障;确保 n.保证,担保;保修单,担保书;抵押物 So, it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee success. (教材P15) 因此,仅凭天赋似乎不足以保证成功。 (1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 guarantee sb. sth.确保某人有某物 be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会做某事;必定会做某事 (2)offer/provide a guarantee提供担保 under guarantee在保修期内 guarantee v.保证,担保,保障;确保 n.保证,担保;保修单,担保书;抵押物 ①We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week. 我们保证一周内交货。 ②These days getting a degree doesn't guarantee you a job. 如今获得学位并不能保证你就有工作。 ③My watch is only one year old and is still under guarantee. 我的表只买了一年,还在保修期内。 worthy adj.值得尊敬的;值得赞赏的 How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? (教材P20)我问自己,在林子里散步一小时之久却没有看到任何值得注意的东西,这怎么可能呢? be worthy of+n.值得;应得 be worthy to do值得;应得 be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done值得被…… be worth doing 动名词用主动形式表示被动含义 worthy adj.值得尊敬的;值得赞赏的 ①A number of the report's findings are worthy of note. 这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。 ②He is worthy to take the lead. 他是配当领袖的人。 ③The boy was considered not to be worthy of being educated/to be educated. 人们认为这个男孩不值得教育。 worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的 worthwhile 表示“值得花时间(或花钱、努力等),值得的”,可作表语、定语或补语。 It's worthwhile to do/doing sth. worthy 表示“值得尊敬的,值得敬仰的”时常作定语; 表示“值得(或应得)……的”时常作表语。 Sb./Sth. is worthy+   worth 一般用作表语,其前可用well修饰,不能用very修饰。 Sb./Sth. is worth+   worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的 Even though being ascout has its challenges, I feel it is worthwhile. 尽管作为一名童子军具有挑战性，但我觉得这是值得的。 worth 只能作表语 ，worthy 和 worthwhile 可以作表语和定语等。 “这件事值得考虑。” The matter is worth consideration/considering. The matter is worthy of consideration/being considered/to be considered. It’s worthwhile to consider the matter/ considering the matter. aware adj.意识到;察觉到 However, I still left the restaurant feeling hungry, though I was much more aware of the challenges that blind people face.(教材P23) 然而,尽管我更加意识到盲人所面临的挑战,我仍旧饿着离开了餐馆。 (1) be aware of/that+从句 意识到;觉察到 (2) awareness n.知道;认识;意识 develop an awareness of 培养......意识 raise/increase public awareness of sth. 提高公众对某事物的意识 a greater/a growing/ an increasing awareness of sth. 对某事物更大的/日益增长的/愈来愈大的兴趣 aware adj.意识到;察觉到 ①They suddenly became aware of people looking at them. 他们突然意识到有人在看着他们。 ②I'm well aware that very few jobs are available. 我知道工作机会非常少。 ③The campaign is intended to raise public awareness of protecting our earth. 该活动旨在提高公众保护地球的意识。 concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；对......感兴趣 n. 担心；关心；负责的事；担心的事，关系的事 concerned adj. 有关的；担心的 concerning prep. 关心 with concern 关切地 show/express concern about/for 对......表示关心 concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；对......感兴趣 n. 担心；关心；负责的事；担心的事，关系的事 concern sb. 令某人担心；涉及某人；关系到某人 be concerned with 与......有关；涉及 be concerned about/for ... 担心；挂念 = concern oneself about/for sth. 关心某事；担心某事 as/so far as sb./sth. be concerned 就......而言 concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；对......感兴趣 n. 担心；关心；负责的事；担心的事，关系的事 a concerned look 担忧的表情 作前置定语 “担忧的，担心的” the people concerned 相关人员 作后置定语 “涉及的，有关的” 短语辨析 have something in common with 与……有共同之处 When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall.(教材P14)当她收到第一封拒稿信时,她决定把这看作是自己与喜爱的作家之间有了共同之处,并把这封信贴在厨房的墙上。 have something in common with 与……有共同之处 have much/a lot in common with 与……有很多共同之处 have little/nothing in common with 与……几乎没有/没有共同之处 in common with 与……相同 in common 共有,公有 have something in common with 与……有共同之处 ①Mary claimed that she had much/a lot in common with the character she plays. 玛丽说她同她扮演的角色有许多共同之处。 ②In common with most educated people, she prefers classical music to jazz. 像大多数受过教育的人一样,她喜欢古典音乐胜过爵士音乐。 ③Joe and his friend own the restaurant in common. 乔和他的朋友共同拥有这家餐馆。 turn down 拒绝;把……调低,关小 “I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down, but I often feared that would happen,” she later posted.(教材P14)“我不会放弃的,除非所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心这真的会发生。”她后来说 turn on 接通(水、煤气、电流等)(反义词组turn off) ~ out 结果是,证明是,生产 ~ up 调高;出现 ~ down 调小； 拒绝 ~ over (使)翻转;仔细思考 ~ back 往回走,(使)折回 ~ around 转身 ~ in 上交 take turns 轮流 ~ to求助于;转向 in ~ 转而，相应地（反过来） in return 作为回报（用于报答某人） turn down 拒绝;把……调低,关小 ①Please turn the radio down; I am trying to sleep. 请将收音机音量调小,我想睡觉了。 ②The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. 结果证明,这本书在过去的350多年里吸引着全世界的目光。 ③He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.他带着礼物来到医院给新妈妈林德赛和她的孩子 many a 许多 many a/an + 可数名词单数 谓语动词用单数 more than one + 可数名词单词 “不止一个” 谓语动词单数 It’s reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area. 据报道，目前灾区有许多新房子正在建造中。 More than one student was tired of his long and tiring speech. 不止一个学生厌烦了他又长又令人厌倦的演讲。 give up 戒除；放弃；交出 人称代词作宾语，要放在give与up之间。 give away 泄露；暴露；捐赠 ~ back 归还；使恢复 ~ in 投降；屈服，让步 ~ in to 屈服于......， 向......让步 ~ off 发出（气味、光、热、声音等） ~ out 分发；疲劳；发出（光、热、信号等） stick to 坚持；粘住（to为介词） his dream 坚持梦想 his word 履行诺言 stick to the rules 坚持原则 a better idea 坚持更好的想法 writing 坚持写作 stick ...on/in 黏在......上/（在某物中）卡住 all too often 时常，经常是 occasionally 偶尔；间或 once in a while 偶尔，有时 now and then 偶尔；有时 be made up of 由......组成 “由......组成” 部分 + make up + 整体 整体 +be made up of + 部分 整体+ consist of +部分 (consist 不用于被动语态和进行时态) 整体+ be composed of + 部分 The medical team consists of 11 members. = The medical team is made up of / is composed of 11 members. 这只医疗团队由11名成员组成。 have an effect on 对......有影响；对......起作用，产生效果 have a positive/ an important effect on 对......有影响；对......起作用，产生效果 bring/put sth. into effect 实行 bring about effect 产生效果 come into effect 生效；开始实施 take effect 生效；开始实施 put into effect 实行 in effect 实际上，事实上 with effect 有效 of no effect 无效 come across 偶遇，无意中发现 = run into;meet by chance 被理解，被弄懂 = get across come about 发生，产生 ~ along 跟随；赶快 ~ back 回想起 ~ to 共计；达到 ~ up to 达到（标准等）；比得上 ~ out 出现；出版，发表；开花；（真相）为人所知 ~ over 来访，拜访 ~ down 下来，跌落 run for 参加竞选；持续；有效 He had tried to coax the dog to him but, frightened, it had run off. 他曾试图把狗哄到他跟前，但它吓坏了，跑了 run into 遭遇，陷入；撞上，偶然遇见；达到（某种水平或数量） ~ out 用完，用尽 ~ out of 用完 ~ off 溢出；举行；逃跑 ~ across 偶然碰到 ~ after 追逐，追捕 使用，利用 make (full) use of take advantage of make the best of make the most of go about 着手做；四处走动；传开；从事 go after 跟着，追赶；争取 ~ against 违反，违背（信仰、原则） ~ around 四处闲逛 ~ at 攻击；从事于 ~ away 走开，外出 ~ back 回去 ~ back on背约，食言 ~ by (时间) 过去 ~ through 经历；经受 ~ on (with) 继续进行 ~ in for 从事，喜爱，参加 ~ over 复习，检查 ~ all out 全力以赴 ~ up（价格）上涨，建造起来 ~ beyond 超出 ~ with 相配，陪同 ~ ahead 先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧 ~ down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉 be applied to 应用于；施加于 apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人) 申请某物 apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply... to ... 把......应用于...... apply oneself to ... 致力于....., 专心于...... applied adj. 应用的；实用的 application n. 申请；应用；涂抹 an application form/letter/software 申请表/申请信/申请应用软件 applicant n. 申请人 knock over 把……打翻,撞倒 Because we couldn't see where anything was, my friend and I knocked over glasses and dropped food.(教材P23) 由于我们看不见东西在哪里,我和朋友打翻了杯子,弄掉了食物。 knock at/on 敲(门、窗等) ~ against 撞击,与……冲突;偶然遇到 ~ off 停止；减价 ~ into 与……相撞;偶然碰到(某人) ~ down 撞倒;拆除,拆毁 ~ out of 把......从......敲出来 ~ sb. out 摧毁某物我；仓促完成 knock over 把……打翻,撞倒 ① I knocked against Mr. Smith in the park this afternoon. 今天下午我在公园碰到了史密斯先生。 ② He didn't expect to knock into some of his friends here. 他没有想到在这儿遇见了一些朋友。 ③ He was knocked down by a car and was rushed to the hospital. 他被汽车撞倒后,随即被送进了医院。 语法详解 部分倒装 Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.(教材P21) 唯有在黑暗再次来袭时,我才意识到我还有那么多没有看到。 Paraphrase:I should realize there were many things I hadn't seen only when dark-ness had again begun to affect me. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (1)本句位于句首的是“Only+when引导的状语从句”,因此主句要用部分倒装句式。正常语序的陈述句为:I should realize how much I had left unseen only when darkness had again descended upon me.。 (2)“only+(时间/条件)状语从句/副词/介词短语”位于句首时,主句/句子要用部分倒装结构(即把情态动词、助动词或系动词放在主语前面)。 部分倒装 部分倒装 ①Only if you speak more will you be able to improve your spoken English. 只有多说,你才能提高你的英语口语。 ②Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. 根据报告中的统计数据,74%的受访者表示,只有在晚餐时间,我们才会一起吃饭 ③Only then should you set your goals. 只有那时,你才能设定你的目标。 独立主格结构 The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. (教材P14) 出版商给了回信,作家急切地拆开来读,但读到这最后一句,心随即跌落谷底 (1)their hearts sinking为独立主格结构,为“名词+现在分词”形式,在句中作状语。 (2)独立主格结构一般放在句子中作状语。它不是一个完整的句子,其构成还有以下几种形式: ①名词(代词)+形容词 ②名词(代词)+副词 ③名词(代词)+介词短语 ④名词(代词)+不定式 ⑤名词(代词)+过去分词 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 独立主格结构的特点: (1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在; (2)独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开; (3)“with+复合宾语”结构也可看作是独立主格结构的一种形式。 独立主格结构 独立主格结构 ① He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排,嘴半张着。 =He sat in the front row, and his mouth was half open. ② Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。 =When her work was done, she sat down for a cup of tea. ③ Many trees, flowers and grass to be planted, our school will look more beautiful 种上许多的树、花和草后,我们的学校将看上去会更美。 ④ He lay there, his hands trembling. 他躺在那儿,双手发抖。 =He lay there, with his hands trembling. should have done 本应该做（而事实上未做） shouldn’t have done 本不应该做（而事实上做了） must have done sth. 一定做过某事 can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 could have done 本能够做；本可以做（而事实未做） may/might have done 可能做过 needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事（却做了） so...that... 结果状语从句 adj/adv. adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 so many/few + 可数名词复数 + that much/little(少) + 不可数 名词 a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 such + adj + 可数名词复数 + that adj + 不可数名词 so...that... 结果状语从句 It is such a difficult problem that I find it hard to solve. 这个问题很麻烦，我发现它很难解决。 so + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 = such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 so good a teacher = such a good teacher * so/such ... that... 结构中，so/such ...置于句首时，主句用部分倒装，that从句不倒装 So cold is it that you can’t go outside. 长难句分析 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 THANKS This is a sample text. insert your desired text here. This is a sample text. insert your desired text here SUMMER LIFE $$