Unit 3 Family Matters 词汇讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 3　Family matters 1. approach v.走近，靠近n.方式，方法，途径；道路，入口；靠近，走近 ►写出下列句中approach的词性及词义 ①The only way to come out on top is to adopt a different approach.名词；方法 ②As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.动词；临近 He came up with a new approach to working out the puzzling maths problem. 他想出了解决这个数学难题的新方法。 As Teachers' Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day. 教师节日益临近，我们班决定举行聚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。 (1) approach sb on/about (doing) sth　与某人商量(做)某事 (2) an approach to... 通往……的道路 an approach to doing sth 做某事的方法 at the approach of 在快到……的时候，随着……的来临 熟词生义： approach还可以做“与……打交道”的意思。 The staff soon found the new manager easy to approach. 员工很快发现这位新经理平易近人。 辨析比较 (做)……的方法 用这种方法 ·way to do/of (doing) sth ·method of (doing) sth ·means of (doing) sth ·approach to (doing) sth ·in this way ·with this method ·by this means ·in this manner ►一句多译 如果你用这种方法做，你会成功的。 →If you do it in__this__way,__you’ll succeed.(way) →If you do it with__this__method,__you’ll succeed.(method) →If you do it by__this__means,__you’ll succeed.(means) →If you do it in__this__manner,__you’ll succeed.(manner) 2. focus v.(把……)集中(于)n.焦点；(兴趣、活动等的)中心 (1) focus on/upon 集中(注意力)于…… (2) in focus 清晰的，焦距对准的 out of focus 模糊的，不清楚的；焦距没有对准的 I am so tired that I can’t focus on anything today. 我今天太累了，集中不了精力做任何事。 The camera was a bit out of focus when I took that picture. 我拍那张照片的时候，照相机焦距有点没对准。 3. assume v.假定，假设，认为 assumption n.假定，假设 (1) It is generally assumed that... 普遍认为…… assuming (that)... 假设…… (2) make an assumption/assumptions about 对……作出假设 on the assumption that 假定……，假设…… 词缀助记 [动]～sume→[名]～sumption assume 假定，承担→assumption consume 消费，消耗→consumption presume 假定，认为→presumption It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为，压力是工作太多所致。 Assuming that it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 假设明天下雨，我们应该做什么？ 4. respect v.尊敬，敬重n.尊敬，敬重；方面，细节；问候(复数) respectful adj.　礼貌的；恭敬的 respectable adj. 令人尊敬的 respective adj. 分别的，各自的 (1) respect sb ＝ show/have respect for sb 尊重某人 respect sb for sth 因某事而尊重某人 (2) in respect of/with respect to 关于；就……而言 respect oneself 自尊，自重 give/send my respects to sb 代我向某人问好 in this/that respect 在这/那方面 Respect yourself, or no one will respect you. 君须自敬，人乃敬之。 I show my great respect for the respectable teachers in this respect. 在这方面，我对尊敬的老师表示崇高的敬意。 5. observe v.庆祝，过(节日，生日等)；观察，看到；注意到；遵守 observation n.　　观察 observe sb do sth 观察某人做某事(全过程) observe sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事 observe sb/sth done 注意到某人/物被…… observe sb do sth结构如果改成被动语态，应补上省略的to，即sb be observed to do sth ►写出下列句中observe的含义 1 The little girl likes to observe the stars in the sky. 这个小女孩喜欢观察天空中的星星。 2 So far, the villagers have been observing the traditional custom 迄今为止，村民们一直遵守传统习俗。 3 Can you say something about how the Chinese observe the Spring Festival? 你能说一下中国人是怎样庆祝春节的吗？ The police observed the man enter the bank. 警察注意到那个男人进了银行。 She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the way 她注意到有一个人在路的对面行走。 6.apologise v.道歉 apology n.　道歉 apologise to sb 向某人道歉 apologise for (doing) sth 因为(做)某事而道歉 make an apology to sb for sth 因某事而向某人道歉 I apologise for having taken too much of your time 我为占用你很多时间而表示歉意。 I apologised to her for stepping on her feet.＝I made an apology to her for stepping on her feet. 我因踩到她的脚而向她道歉。 7.suit v.适合 suitable adj.　 适合的 suit...to... 使……适合…… be suitable for 适合于…… be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 suit “适合，适宜”，指衣服颜色、样式适合某人，还可指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件等。另外，用于比喻意义时多用suit fit “适合，合身”，指大小、尺寸、形状等合适，引申为“吻合，协调” match “适合，和……匹配”，多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配，含有“与之相匹配”之意 You have to suit your spending to your income. 你必须让你的收支相符。 I don’t think I should be suitable for the job. 我认为我不适合这个工作。 This piece is not suitable to be played in the open air. 这个曲子不适合在露天演奏。 Though the style doesn’t suit me, I want to take this jacket because it fits me well and matches my trousers. 8. responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的 responsibility n.责任，义务 The pilot of the plane should be responsible for the passengers’ safety. 飞行员应对乘客的安全负责。 You are an adult now and you need to take responsibility for your actions. 现在你是成年人了，你需要对自己的行为负责。 It is your responsibility to look after the children.照看这些孩子是你的责任。 (1)be responsible for sth对某事负责任；是某事的原因 (2)It is one’s responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的责任 take responsibility for 为……负责 9. aim v.力求达到；瞄准，对准；目标在于n.目标；目的aimless adj.漫无目的的 aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地 (1)aim to do sth 目标是做某事，旨在做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth 瞄准，对准；旨在(做)某事 (2)achieve one’s aim 实现目标 with the aim of... 目的是……，为了…… I hope to achieve my aim by the end of the year. 我希望到年底实现我的目标。 Many people go to big cities with the aim of finding better jobs.许多人到大城市是为了找到更好的工作。 We aim to finish the work by Friday. 我们的目标就是在星期五之前完成这项工作。 This campaign is aimed at reducing road accidents. 这项活动旨在减少交通事故。 10. range n.一系列；山脉；范围；射程；种类vt.(在一定的范围内)变动/变化；使(人或物)排成行或列 a wide range of 一系列……；各种各样的…… within/in range (of) 在可及的范围内；在视觉(或听觉)范围内 beyond/out of range (of)超出……的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围之外 range from...to... 在……和……之间变化；包括由……到……之间的各类事物 range作“变动，变化”讲时，不用于进行时态。 A wide range of colours and patterns are available. 各种颜色和样式都有。 It’s beyond/out of the range of my ability. 这件事超出了我的能力范围。 She has had a number of different jobs，ranging from chef to swimming instructor. 她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。 We waited until the enemy was within range.我们等到敌人进入我们的射程。 The student has a__wide__range__of__interest. 那个学生的兴趣广泛。 11. admire v.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 admiration n.　钦佩；赞美；羡慕 admire sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事羡慕某人 have/express admiration for 对……/表达对……的钦佩 We expressed/had admiration for the soldiers, who behaved bravely in the action.我们对解放军战士在这次行动中英勇的表现表示钦佩。 12. judge v.认为，判断；断定n.裁判员；法官 judgement n.　判决；判断力；评价 (1) judge...from/by... 从……来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 (2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断 You must judge a person by/from his actions, not by/from what he says. 你判断人应根据其行动，不应根据他所说的话。 Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 从他所说的来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。 As far as I can judge, this book is useful.据我判断，这本书有用。 ►写出judge在句中的含义 ①All the judges agreed that your speech was the best one this year.评委 ②The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.法官 4 I judge from what you said that you do not agree with me.判断 13. settle v.和解，结束(争论)；定居 settler n.移民；定居者 settlement n. (解决纷争的)协议；解决；处理 settle for 勉强接受，将就 settle in 在……安家，定居，落户 settle into 迁入(新居) settle down 定居，过安定的日子；(使)平静下来 In the end they had to settle for a draw.最后，他们只好接受平局的结果。 She settled in Shanghai after her father’s death. 父亲死后，她就在上海定居了。 We settled into our new house just last week.我们上周刚刚迁入新居。 The chairman tried to settle the audience down.主席尽力让听众安静下来。 14. ignore vt.忽视，不理睬 ignorance n. 无知，不了解，忽视ignorant adj. 无知的，不了解的 ignore sb./sth. 忽视，不理睬某人/某物 ignore the importance of... 忽视……的重要性 be ignorant of 对……一无所知 It is foolish of some people to ignore the importance of environment protection. 某些人忽视环境保护的重要性，这种做法是很愚蠢的。 15. talent n. 天赋，才华，才干 talented adj. 有才华的 have a talent for ... 有……的天赋 be talented in... 有……的天赋 She showed a talent for acting at an early age. 她在很小的时候就显示出了表演天赋。 The girl is talented in dancing. 这个女孩有舞蹈天赋。 gift也有“天赋”的意思 have a gift for...有……的天赋 它的形容词gifted“有天赋的”搭配 be gifted in...有……的天赋 16. obviously adv.明显地 obvious adj.明显的 Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. 显然，说话能力把人类和动物区分开来。 There was no obvious evidence that he was lying. 没有明显的证据说明他在说谎。 It is obvious that the thief got in through — the lock is broken. 17. positive adj.积极的，肯定的positively adv. 积极地 (反)negative adj. 消极的，否定的 I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives. 我认为互联网对我们的生活有正面的影响。 熟词生义 positive还有“阳性的”意思 Anyone, once tested positive for flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. 任何人一旦禽流感病毒检测呈阳性，将获得政府提供的免费医疗。 18. be proud of以……为荣，对……感到骄傲proudly adv.自豪地；骄傲地pride n. 自豪；骄傲 take pride in/be proud of 以……为荣，对……感到骄傲 19. in the end 最终，最后 come to an end 结束，终结 at the end of... 在……尽头；在……末尾 by the end of ……到……为止 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出 The building will have been finished by the end of next year. 这座楼房将于明年年底竣工。 20. in trouble 有困难；处于困境中 get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦 ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃 take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦做某事 Don't trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 麻烦没找你，你别找麻烦。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$