【春考特训课】第04讲：语法知识之形容词副词---【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（江苏专用）

第04讲 语法知识之形容词副词 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 形容词与副词的用法贯穿英语语言的每一个角落，涵盖语法填空、短文改错、阅读完形和写作。语法填空、短文改错考查形容词副词的基本用法、比较级和词性转换；完形填空考查形容词副词的词义有四五个设空；阅读当中形容词副词的意义会影响理解文章；完形填空和阅读理解的选项重在分辨词义；写作运用形容词副词会使文章准确而生动。考纲要求掌握形容词和副词的基本用法，熟悉形容词副词的词义、比较级最高级形式、合成词，以及与形容词副词相关的特殊句型。 【要点梳理】 考点一：基本句法功能 1、形容词主要用来修饰名词，在句子中可以充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，跟定冠词the连用时，相当于名词，可以充当主语和宾语。   I bought a new book yesterday. （形容词作定语）   He is tall. （形容词作表语）   We can make it more beautiful. （形容词作宾语补足语）   Tired, he fell asleep quickly. （形容词作状语）   The poor are poor. （the+形容词作主语）   We should help the poor. （the+形容词作宾语） 2、副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词和副词，在句子中充当状语。  He runs very fast. （副词very，修饰副词fast，而副词fast修饰动词run）  The book is quite interesting. （副词quite，修饰形容词interesting） 知识1： 形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置： ①形容词短语作定语时; ②表语形容词作定语时; ③修饰复合不定代词时。 知识2： 多个形容词作定语的排序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是： (限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。 知识3： 副词在句中的位置规律 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。 知识4： -ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为"(某人)感到……"; -ing形容词通常说明事物，意为"(某事物)令人……"或"令人……的(事物)"。 考点二：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 · 平级比较 1. ＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 ☞It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。 2. ＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两   部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。 ☞The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像得那么难。 【特别提醒】 as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。 如：☞The building is as tall as 100 meters. = The building is 100 meters tall. 这栋楼有100米。 · 比较级 1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。 ☞He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。 ☞The book is better by far than that one. 这本书比那本书要好得多。 2. 比较级的常见结构： （1）＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 ☞You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。 ☞She doesn’t work harder than you. 她工作不如你努力。 （2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级 ①more ＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词 ☞I have more news books than my cousin. ☞He has more milk than I. ②less ＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词 ☞He has less water than me. ③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词 ☞They have fewer flowers than we . 3. 比较级的特殊结构 （1）The more…, the more…表示＂越……，就越……＂(more代表比较级) ☞The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 ☞The happier you are, the more friends you will make.你越快乐，你将会交越多的朋友。 2. ＂比较级+比较级＂和＂more and more+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂ ☞Our school is cleaner and cleaner.我们的校园越来越干净。 ☞Our city becomes more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。 3.＂the＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。 ☞The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。 4. ＂no +比较级+than＂结构表示＂和……一样不……＂ ＂not +比较级+than＂结构意为＂不及＂，表示前者不如后者 ☞You are no taller than I. 你和我一样矮。 ☞My handwriting is not better than yours. 我的书法没有你的好。 · 最高级 1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。 ☞The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 ☞I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。 2. 最高级意义的表达法 ①the +最高级+比较范围 ☞This apple is the biggest of the five. ②never…a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数 ☞I have never read a better book than this. ③比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋anyone else 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 eg: 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译) ①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. ②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class. ③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class. ④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class. ⑤Julia is the tallest girl in her class. ④否定词＋比较级＝最高级。 ☞There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 ☞—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗？ —No. It couldn’t have been worse.不，不能再差了。 巧学妙记： 形容词和副词比较等级用法口诀 1. 比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。      2. 同级比较：同级比较用原形，as... as永不离； as... as加not，只言两者是同一，若是not so... as，后强前弱不看齐。 【妙语诠释】   ①比较级通常和than连用，而最高级前通常有定冠词the； ②同级比较一般用as... as表示＂与……一样＂，这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而not so... as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为＂不如……＂。 难点释疑： 比较级表示最高级 1. 比较级+than any other+可数名词单数 The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。 2. 比较级+than all(the) other+可数名词复数 China is larger than all the other Asian countries. 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。 3. no/never/nothing...+比较级 Nothing is more valuable than time. 时间比任何东西都珍贵。 4. ＂否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词＂或＂否定词+副词的比较级＂表示＂从未……；未曾……＂ This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one. 这部电影很感人，我从没有看过一部比它更好的。 考点三：倍数表达法 · 表示倍数的句型 (1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B (2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B (3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋B (4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B (5)A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句 ①This building is three times higher than that one. This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one. 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 ②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 今年的产量是2008年的三倍。 ③After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。 难点释疑： 难点句型详解 句型1：A  is 倍数＋the size/length/weight/height…of B.  如：The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是前一个的四倍大。 句型2：A is to B what C is to D. 意为＂A对于B就如C对于D。＂ 如：Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.  发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。 句型3：can’t be too＋adj. ＝ can’t be＋adj.＋enough无论……都不为过，越……越……  如：You can never be careful enough.＝ You can never be too careful. 你无论怎么小心都不为过。 句型4：too…to句型的两个意义 (1) 表示否定意义，意为＂太……而不能＂。 如：This question is too hard for me to understand. 这个问题对我来说太难理解了。 (2) 表示肯定意义，意为＂非常，很，极＂。 当too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，too表示＂很，非常＂之意，与very表达＂很＂的意思相同。 当too前有all, but, only等词时，形成only /but/all too…to do结构，仍旧表达＂非常，很，极＂之意。如：I’m too glad to hear that.我对此感到非常高兴。 · 【形容词副词思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1. And________（final), after the fall of the Soviet Union, academics in that region became involved increasingly in the study of the trade routes of Central Asia. 2. China's Henan Province made headlines as it was hit with heavy rains, which left people dead, missing and________（severe) affected. 3. ________（doubt), Earth is becoming warmer and there is strong evidence of what causes the dramatic change in the global climate. 4. It will________（undoubted) help you get refreshed! 5. After a forest fire, many wildlife species will move into________（recent) burned areas to feed on these newly available foods. 6. The young athlete hurt his foot in the race; ________（consequent),he missed the chance to get the gold medal. 7. ________（fortunate), I brought my speech to a nice conclusion. 8. The makeup of British families has changed________（rapid) over the last two hundred years. 9. _______(hope),the program will influence behaviors, like choosing less packaging, throwing away fewer items and finally decreasing use of disposable(一次性的) materials.  10. But the deep sea remains ________(large) unexplored.  11. It wasn’t an easy decision, but________(lucky), I made it.  12. Some hip hop singers hoped the stories of hip hop could be________(accurate) told and passed down.  13. They spoke it______(fluent)than some people from Hong Kong,she said jokingly.  14. As you can________(probable) guess, the cost to enjoy such a hotel room isn’t cheap.  15. As the small boat moved　　　　(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.  16. This is　　　　(particular) true in the US.   17. Her years of hard work have　　　　(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.  18. A taste for meat is 　　　　(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.  19. When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can　　　　(easy) see them.  20. 　　　 (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.  【答案】 1. finally [句意：最后，在苏联解体后，该地区的学者越来越多地参与到中亚贸易路线的研究中。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子。故填 finally.] 2. severely [句意：中国河南省近日遭遇暴雨袭击，造成多人死亡、失踪，影响严重，成为新闻头条。修饰动词 affected 应用副词。故填severely.] 3. Undoubtedly [句意：毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，有强有力的证据表明是什么导致了全球气候的剧烈变化。修饰整个句子应用副词，且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填 Undoubtedly.] 4. undoubtedly［句意：它无疑将会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help,应用副词，undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填 undoubtedly.] 5. recently [句意：森林火灾后，许多野生动物会迁移到最近被烧毁的地区，以这些新得到的食物为食。此处应用副词，修饰形容词 burned.故填recently] 6. consequently [句意：这位年轻运动员在比赛中伤了脚；因此，他失去了获得金牌的机会。在句中作状语，应用副词。故填consequently.] 7. Fortunately[句意：幸运的是，我给我的演讲画上了一个圆满的句号。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子。且设空处置于句首，首字母应大写。故填 Fortunately.] 8. rapidly [句意：在过去的200年里，英国人的家庭组成结构发生了快速的变化。修饰动词 changed应用副词。故填 rapidly.] 9. Hopefully;less [分析句子结构可知,第一空处修饰整个句子,应用副词,所以第一空应该填Hopefully;根据语境以及"throwing away fewer items"可知,第二空修饰名词packaging,表示"更少的包装材料",所以填less。] 10. largely　此处应用副词largely修饰后面的形容词unexplored。 11. luckily　空处修饰后文整个句子,应用副词形式作状语,且根据语境可知,此处表示"幸运的是",应用副词luckily。 12. accurately　空处修饰动词told,应用副词形式。 13. more fluently　根据该句中的"than"可知,空处应用所给词的比较级,修饰动词spoke。 14. probably　分析句子结构可知,空处修饰谓语动词,故应用副词形式。注意probable变副词时,要去e再加-ly。 15. gently　修饰动词moved应使用副词。 16. particularly　 根据句式结构可知,此处修饰true,故填副词形式。 17. finally　空处作状语,故填副词finally。 18. actually　这里应填副词来修饰be动词is。 19. easily　考查副词。此处应用easy的副词形式来修饰动词,故填easily。 20. Recently　分析句子结构可知,空处位于句首,修饰整个句子,应用副词Recently作状语。 · 单项选择 1. Work gets done ________ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier 2. My parents have always made me ________ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good 3. He began to take political science ________ only when he left school. A. strictly B. truly C. carefully D. seriously 4. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only ________ beaten. A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly 5. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ________. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest 6. —Do you need any help, Lucy? —Yes, The job is ________ I could do myself. A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than 7. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is ________ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” A. some B. much C. more D. most 8. With April 18’s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with ________ service for passengers. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 9. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ________ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. A. good B. better C. best D. well 10. After two years’ research, we now have a ________ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite 11. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ________ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known 12. Of the two coats, I’d choose the ________ one to spare some money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive 13. —I wonder why Mary is so unfriendly to us. —She is ________ than unfriendly, I’m afraid. A. shyer B. much shyer C. shy more D. more shy 14. —I didn’t do well in this English examination. How about you? —I did ________ you. A. not better than B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than 15. —Now that you like the house with a garden, why not buy it? —Well, I can’t afford ________ house at present. A. that expensive a B. a such expensive C. that an expensive D. a so expensive 【答案】 1. C。根据题意可知，说话者是将when people do it together和when people don’t do it together这两种情况比较，故选比较级。注意不要选D，因为在此题是要用副词修饰动词，不能用形容词。另外，根据句末的higher too也可知道此题是考查比较级。 2. D。首先，根据连系动词后要接形容词作表语这一特点，可排除A和C。另外，使役动词make后可接动词原形（不带to的不定式）或过去分词作宾语补足语，但不能接现在分词，故可排除选项B。 3. D。take sth seriously的意思是“认真对待某事”“认真考虑某事”。 4. C。副词narrowly在此表示“勉强地”，又如：He narrowly escaped being run over. 他差点儿被车压死。The proposal to change the rules was narrowly defeated by 201 votes to 196. 建议改变规则的提议以196票对201票的微弱差额被否决了。本题句意：篮球赛的最后比分是93比94。我们以微弱的劣势输掉了比赛。 5. B。因题目把这组新学生与前面一组学生进行比较，故用比较级。 6. B。注意句中的Yes，由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗？”作了肯定回答，说明答话者独自完成工作有困难，故填more than。 7. C。由于是将“Love me, love my dog”与“Love me, love my book”进行比较，故用比较级。此题的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现than，而是给出两个待比较的proverb。 8. B。句子大意为：由于铁路提速了，所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“高速公路和航空”与“铁路”比较，故用比较级。 9. B。题目中将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较，故用比较级。句意为：史密斯家人晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。 10. B。这四个副词中，通常只有far可用于修饰比较。注：quite有时也可用于修饰比较better，但它只用于表示“身体康复”，不用于其他意义。 11. C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级。 12. B。因是两者比较，故用比较级，可将答案锁定在B和C之间；再根据句意，排除C。 13. D。此题考查more…than…的用法，其意为“与其说……不如说……”。 14. D。句中的no better than相当于as badly as，其意为“一样不好”。 15. A。that在用作副词，用法相当于so，意为“如此，这么”。 课后反馈 演练 单项选择 1. —Do you regret paying ten dollars for that book? —No, I would gladly have paid ________. A. as twice many B. twice as many C. twice as much D. as twice much 2. —I’m leaving on April 30. —So why not come to spend ________ days with me? A. all these last few B. these all last few C. these last all few D. all last these few 3. —Be careful not to drop the Ming Dynasty vase. —Yes, we can’t be ________. A. too careful B. very careful C. too careless D. careless enough 4. He’s not got another job yet and it’s not ________ he will for some time. A. likely B. easily C. nearly D. lonely 5. We do meet now and then, but not ________. A. freely B. commonly C. regularly D. presently 6. You don’t have to be angry with him. He ________ wanted to know the truth. A. almost B. mostly C. merely D. hardly 7. —Are you pleased with what he has done? —It couldn’t be____. Why didn’t he put more effort into his work? A. any worse B. much better C. so bad D. the best 8. He moved away from his parents and missed them ________enjoy the exciting life in China. A. too much to B. very much to C. enough to D. much so as to 9. —Is your headache getting ________? —No, it’s worse. A. better B. bad C. less D. well 10. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ________ this year. A. the best B. better C. the most D. more 参考答案： 1. C。在as…as…结构中，表示倍数的词或程度副词都放在第一个as之前。 2. A。语序：不定代词 + 指示代词 + 序数词 + 基数词。 3. A。此题考查can’t be too + adj，其意为“无论……也不为过”。 4. A。因为likely是形容词，意为“可能的”，在句中作表语。easily和nearly是副词；虽然lonely(寂寞的)是形容词，但其意义与句意不通。 5. C。因为只有regularly(经常地)才与now and then(偶尔)相对。 6. C。merely在此表示“只是”，其他选项意义不通。 7. A。因为It couldn’t be any worse. 意为“(他的工作做得)非常差”，与后文内容相符。 8. A。因为too…to do sth. (太…以至于不能做…) 是固定搭配。 9. A。由答语No, it’s worse.可知问句中用better。 10. B。后面省略了than he did，意为“我今年还没看到比他跑得更好成绩的人”。 单句语法填空 1. ...it must have been　　　(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.   2. It is　　　　(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.   3. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be　　　(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.   4. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,　　　　(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.  5. Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks　　　　(regular).   6. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which　　　　(gradual) turned into chopsticks.  7. The Frangipani family________（apparent) turned the structure into a castle. 8. There was nobody around me for miles; ________（actual), that wasn't entirely true. 9. It happened________（sudden) when I least expected it. 10. They also use drones to watch them________（close). 参考答案： 1. fairly　考查副词。此处修饰形容词unpleasant,应用副词,故填fairly。 2. certainly　考查副词。空处修饰形容词,作状语,故填certainly。 3. officially　考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词,所以填officially。 4. especially　句意:急刹车有时是非常吓人的经历,特别是当你正在高速行进的时候。修饰句子应用副词,故填especially"特别,尤其"。 5. regularly　考查词形转换。修饰谓语动词take应用副词,故填regularly"有规律地"。 6. gradually　考查副词。应用副词修饰动词。 7. apparently [句意：弗兰吉帕尼家族显然把这座建筑变成了一座城堡。修饰动词turned应用副词。故填 apparently.] 8. actually [句意：我周围几英里都没有人；事实上，这并不完全正确。修饰设空后句子应用副词。故填 actual] 9. suddenly [句意；它在我最意想不到的时候突然发生了。修饰谓语动词 happened应用副词。故填suddenly.] 10. closely［句意：他们还使用无人机密切监视。修饰动词watch应用副词。故填 closely.] 【2024年新高考I卷】 The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ________ (function) structure that is also beautiful. 【答案】functional 【解析】考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 【2024年全国甲卷】 Yellowstone was the _________(large) United States national park-2.2 million acres-until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】largest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是最大的美国国家公园-220万英亩-直到阿拉斯加南部的兰格尔-圣埃利亚斯于1978年成为国家纪念碑，并于1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉。根据句意，此处表范围内最大，需用最高级形式，故填largest。 When we arrived, we went straight to a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. 【答案】greatly → great 【解析】考查形容词。句意：当我们到达时，我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆，点了一些菜，味道很好。tasted是系动词，后接形容词作表语。故将greatly 改成 great 。 The atmosphere there made the meal all the more enjoyed. 【答案】enjoyed →enjoyable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：那里的气氛使这顿饭更加愉快。more后接形容词形式，在句中作宾语补足语。故将enjoyed 改成enjoyable。 【2023年新高考I卷】 Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 【答案】tasty 【解析】考查形容词。句意：小笼包，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。空格处需要形容词修饰后面的名词soup，故填tasty。 No matter where I buy them, one steamer is _______(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 【答案】rarely 【解析】考查副词。副词rarely（几乎不 ）修饰后面的形容词 enough足够的, rarely enough 几乎不够。 【2023年新高考Ⅱ卷】 Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ________ (confidence) speaking English. 【答案】confident 【解析】考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。 So, what are they learning? ________ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 【答案】Basically 【解析】考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 【2023年浙江卷1月】 The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space)homes and walled gardens. 【答案】spacious 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 The term “hutong”, (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 【答案】originally 【解析】考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 【2023年全国甲卷】 ___________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 【答案】Different 【解析】考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 【2023年全国乙卷】 The ________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【答案】remarkable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out. 【答案】truth → true 【解析】考查形容词。句意：至少有一件事被证明是正确的：这种颜色洗不掉。prove为系动词，表示“证明是”，后接形容词。故truth改为true。 However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair. 【答案】 final → finally 【解析】考查副词。句意：然而，她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发，而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词got，应用副词，作状语。故final改为finally。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲 语法知识之形容词副词 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 形容词与副词的用法贯穿英语语言的每一个角落，涵盖语法填空、短文改错、阅读完形和写作。语法填空、短文改错考查形容词副词的基本用法、比较级和词性转换；完形填空考查形容词副词的词义有四五个设空；阅读当中形容词副词的意义会影响理解文章；完形填空和阅读理解的选项重在分辨词义；写作运用形容词副词会使文章准确而生动。考纲要求掌握形容词和副词的基本用法，熟悉形容词副词的词义、比较级最高级形式、合成词，以及与形容词副词相关的特殊句型。 【要点梳理】 考点一：基本句法功能 1、形容词主要用来修饰名词，在句子中可以充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，跟定冠词the连用时，相当于名词，可以充当主语和宾语。   I bought a new book yesterday. （形容词作定语）   He is tall. （形容词作表语）   We can make it more beautiful. （形容词作宾语补足语）   Tired, he fell asleep quickly. （形容词作状语）   The poor are poor. （the+形容词作主语）   We should help the poor. （the+形容词作宾语） 2、副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词和副词，在句子中充当状语。  He runs very fast. （副词very，修饰副词fast，而副词fast修饰动词run）  The book is quite interesting. （副词quite，修饰形容词interesting） 知识1： 形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置： ①形容词短语作定语时; ②表语形容词作定语时; ③修饰复合不定代词时。 知识2： 多个形容词作定语的排序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是： (限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。 知识3： 副词在句中的位置规律 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。 知识4： -ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为"(某人)感到……"; -ing形容词通常说明事物，意为"(某事物)令人……"或"令人……的(事物)"。 考点二：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 · 平级比较 ☞It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。 ☞The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像得那么难。 as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。 如：☞The building is as tall as 100 meters. = The building is 100 meters tall. 这栋楼有100米。 · 比较级 ☞He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。 ☞The book is better by far than that one. 这本书比那本书要好得多。 （1）＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 ☞You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。 ☞She doesn’t work harder than you. 她工作不如你努力。 （2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级 ①more ＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词 ☞I have more news books than my cousin. ☞He has more milk than I. ②less ＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词 ☞He has less water than me. ③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词 ☞They have fewer flowers than we . （1）The more…, the more…表示＂越……，就越……＂(more代表比较级) ☞The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 ☞The happier you are, the more friends you will make.你越快乐，你将会交越多的朋友。 2. ＂比较级+比较级＂和＂more and more+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂ ☞Our school is cleaner and cleaner.我们的校园越来越干净。 ☞Our city becomes more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。 3.＂the＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。 ☞The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。 4. ＂no +比较级+than＂结构表示＂和……一样不……＂ ＂not +比较级+than＂结构意为＂不及＂，表示前者不如后者 ☞You are no taller than I. 你和我一样矮。 ☞My handwriting is not better than yours. 我的书法没有你的好。 · 最高级 ☞The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 ☞I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。 ①the +最高级+比较范围 ☞This apple is the biggest of the five. ②never…a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数 ☞I have never read a better book than this. ③比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋anyone else 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 eg: 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译) ①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. ②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class. ③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class. ④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class. ⑤Julia is the tallest girl in her class. ④否定词＋比较级＝最高级。 ☞There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 ☞—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗？ —No. It couldn’t have been worse.不，不能再差了。 巧学妙记： 形容词和副词比较等级用法口诀 1. 比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。      2. 同级比较：同级比较用原形，as... as永不离； as... as加not，只言两者是同一，若是not so... as，后强前弱不看齐。 【妙语诠释】   ①比较级通常和than连用，而最高级前通常有定冠词the； ②同级比较一般用as... as表示＂与……一样＂，这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而not so... as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为＂不如……＂。 难点释疑： 比较级表示最高级 1. 比较级+than any other+可数名词单数 The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。 2. 比较级+than all(the) other+可数名词复数 China is larger than all the other Asian countries. 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。 3. no/never/nothing...+比较级 Nothing is more valuable than time. 时间比任何东西都珍贵。 4. ＂否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词＂或＂否定词+副词的比较级＂表示＂从未……；未曾……＂ This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one. 这部电影很感人，我从没有看过一部比它更好的。 考点三：倍数表达法 · 表示倍数的句型 (1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B (2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B (3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋B (4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B (5)A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句 ①This building is three times higher than that one. This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one. 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 ②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 今年的产量是2008年的三倍。 ③After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。 难点释疑： 难点句型详解 句型1：A  is 倍数＋the size/length/weight/height…of B.  如：The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是前一个的四倍大。 句型2：A is to B what C is to D. 意为＂A对于B就如C对于D。＂ 如：Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.  发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。 句型3：can’t be too＋adj. ＝ can’t be＋adj.＋enough无论……都不为过，越……越……  如：You can never be careful enough.＝ You can never be too careful. 你无论怎么小心都不为过。 句型4：too…to句型的两个意义 (1) 表示否定意义，意为＂太……而不能＂。 如：This question is too hard for me to understand. 这个问题对我来说太难理解了。 (2) 表示肯定意义，意为＂非常，很，极＂。 当too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，too表示＂很，非常＂之意，与very表达＂很＂的意思相同。 当too前有all, but, only等词时，形成only /but/all too…to do结构，仍旧表达＂非常，很，极＂之意。如：I’m too glad to hear that.我对此感到非常高兴。 · 【形容词副词思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1. And________（final), after the fall of the Soviet Union, academics in that region became involved increasingly in the study of the trade routes of Central Asia. 2. China's Henan Province made headlines as it was hit with heavy rains, which left people dead, missing and________（severe) affected. 3. ________（doubt), Earth is becoming warmer and there is strong evidence of what causes the dramatic change in the global climate. 4. It will________（undoubted) help you get refreshed! 5. After a forest fire, many wildlife species will move into________（recent) burned areas to feed on these newly available foods. 6. The young athlete hurt his foot in the race; ________（consequent),he missed the chance to get the gold medal. 7. ________（fortunate), I brought my speech to a nice conclusion. 8. The makeup of British families has changed________（rapid) over the last two hundred years. 9. _______(hope),the program will influence behaviors, like choosing less packaging, throwing away fewer items and finally decreasing use of disposable(一次性的) materials.  10. But the deep sea remains ________(large) unexplored.  11. It wasn’t an easy decision, but________(lucky), I made it.  12. Some hip hop singers hoped the stories of hip hop could be________(accurate) told and passed down.  13. They spoke it______(fluent)than some people from Hong Kong,she said jokingly.  14. As you can________(probable) guess, the cost to enjoy such a hotel room isn’t cheap.  15. As the small boat moved　　　　(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.  16. This is　　　　(particular) true in the US.   17. Her years of hard work have　　　　(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.  18. A taste for meat is 　　　　(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.  19. When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can　　　　(easy) see them.  20. 　　　 (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.  · 单项选择 1. Work gets done ________ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier 2. My parents have always made me ________ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good 3. He began to take political science ________ only when he left school. A. strictly B. truly C. carefully D. seriously 4. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only ________ beaten. A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly 5. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ________. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest 6. —Do you need any help, Lucy? —Yes, The job is ________ I could do myself. A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than 7. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is ________ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” A. some B. much C. more D. most 8. With April 18’s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with ________ service for passengers. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 9. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ________ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. A. good B. better C. best D. well 10. After two years’ research, we now have a ________ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite 11. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ________ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known 12. Of the two coats, I’d choose the ________ one to spare some money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive 13. —I wonder why Mary is so unfriendly to us. —She is ________ than unfriendly, I’m afraid. A. shyer B. much shyer C. shy more D. more shy 14. —I didn’t do well in this English examination. How about you? —I did ________ you. A. not better than B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than 15. —Now that you like the house with a garden, why not buy it? —Well, I can’t afford ________ house at present. A. that expensive a B. a such expensive C. that an expensive D. a so expensive 课后反馈 演练 单项选择 1. —Do you regret paying ten dollars for that book? —No, I would gladly have paid ________. A. as twice many B. twice as many C. twice as much D. as twice much 2. —I’m leaving on April 30. —So why not come to spend ________ days with me? A. all these last few B. these all last few C. these last all few D. all last these few 3. —Be careful not to drop the Ming Dynasty vase. —Yes, we can’t be ________. A. too careful B. very careful C. too careless D. careless enough 4. He’s not got another job yet and it’s not ________ he will for some time. A. likely B. easily C. nearly D. lonely 5. We do meet now and then, but not ________. A. freely B. commonly C. regularly D. presently 6. You don’t have to be angry with him. He ________ wanted to know the truth. A. almost B. mostly C. merely D. hardly 7. —Are you pleased with what he has done? —It couldn’t be____. Why didn’t he put more effort into his work? A. any worse B. much better C. so bad D. the best 8. He moved away from his parents and missed them ________enjoy the exciting life in China. A. too much to B. very much to C. enough to D. much so as to 9. —Is your headache getting ________? —No, it’s worse. A. better B. bad C. less D. well 10. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ________ this year. A. the best B. better C. the most D. more 单句语法填空 1. ...it must have been　　　(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.   2. It is　　　　(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.   3. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be　　　(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.   4. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,　　　　(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.  5. Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks　　　　(regular).   6. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which　　　　(gradual) turned into chopsticks.  7. The Frangipani family________（apparent) turned the structure into a castle. 8. There was nobody around me for miles; ________（actual), that wasn't entirely true. 9. It happened________（sudden) when I least expected it. 10. They also use drones to watch them________（close). 【2024年新高考I卷】 The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ________ (function) structure that is also beautiful. 【2024年全国甲卷】 Yellowstone was the _________(large) United States national park-2.2 million acres-until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. When we arrived, we went straight to a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere there made the meal all the more enjoyed. 【2023年新高考I卷】 Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is _______(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 【2023年新高考Ⅱ卷】 Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ________ (confidence) speaking English. So, what are they learning? ________ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 【2023年浙江卷1月】 The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space)homes and walled gardens. The term “hutong”, (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 【2023年全国甲卷】 ___________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 【2023年全国乙卷】 The ________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out. However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$