高中英语语法情态动词重要用法复习 专项训练-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

年 级：高三 课时数：2 辅导科目：英语 课 题 情态动词重要用法复习 教学目标 根据高考大纲，有重点地分析情态动词的考点和具体语境里的综合运用。 教学内容 Step1、Greetings & Free talk Is there something interesting or important this week? Step2 Assignments checking & Revision 1. 错题重现 (请老师根据学生具体情况添加) 2．重点知识回顾 Step3、Lead in— A tongue twister The canners can can what they can can, but can’t can what they can’t can. Step4、Diagnostic test (诊断练习) (通过练习大概了解学生对情态动词的掌握情况) 1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way. A. were B. should C. will D. can 2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference. A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send 3. Let’s take a walk, ________? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we 4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. A. could B. might C. should D. was able to 5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see me. A. can B. may C. might D. could 6. ---- _________ this book be yours? ---- No, it ________ not be mine. It ________ be his. A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may 7. "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He _________ it.” A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended 8. They _________ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason. A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost 9. Since the ground is white, it _________ last night. A. had snowed B. must have snowed C. must be snowing D. must have been snowing 10. You must be fifty, ________? A. mustn't you B. needn't you C. aren't you D. mayn't you 11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _________? A. haven't you B. didn't you C. mustn't you D. needn't you 12. ---- That must be a mistake. ---- No .it _________ be. A. can't B. isn't able to C. can D. was able to 13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________ have told it to him. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't 14. How ________ so? A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say 15. You are their teacher. You _________ care of them. A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take 16. She is studying medical science now but she _________ a lawyer. A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been 17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _________ English every day. A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speaking C. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking 18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I _________. A. should have B, may have C. must have D. shall have 19. She _________ get up at six every day when she was in college. A. would B. will C. might D. should 20. Don't you remember that we _________ to the cinema tonight? A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone 诊断练习答案： 1~5 ABDDD 6~10 CBBBC 11~15 BACBC 16~20 ADAAC Step5、Grammar—Model verb 1、 重要考点： 情态动词＋have done 表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳： 1. should （ought to） have＋过去分词 表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _____ at 8：30 for the meeting ， but he didn‘t’ show up.     （04广西卷） A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 2. needn't have＋过去分词 表示过去没有必要做某事， 但实际上做了某事。 As you worked late yesterday， you_________ have come this morning.      （06陕西卷） A. mayn‘t          B. can’t         C. mustn‘t        D. needn’t 3.must have＋过去分词 用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。 [注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can‘t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。 I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere .         （05‘北京春季） A. must drop             B. must have dropped C. must be dropping       D. must have been dropped I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05‘天津卷） A. shouldn't          B. couldn't       C. mustn't       D. needn't. 4.may／might have＋过去分词 表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。 We _______ have proved great adventurers， but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.       （06‘天津卷） A. needn‘t      B. may not       C. shouldn’t         D. mustn‘t    5. could have＋过去分词 表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。 —— I stayed at a hotel while in New York . —— Oh， did you？ You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara.                      A. could have stayed       B. could stay C. would stay             D. must have stayed                巩固练习一： 1. ——You didn‘t wait for Mr. Smith last night， did you？ ——No， but we ______. He didn‘t return home at all. A. couldn‘t have waited          B. needn’t have C. didn‘t need to               D. should wait 2.Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday，but he gave up. A. could   B. might   C. should   D. must 3. ——May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o‘clock tonight ？“ ——“I‘m sorry， Mr. Smith         to a conference before then.” A. will have gone                 B. had gone     C. would have gone                 D. has gone 4. ——Tom took away our teacher‘s cell phone without being permitted. —— Really？ I can‘t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing. A. must               B. may              C. can                D. should 5. —— Was it you that made the suggestion？ —— It        have been. I can‘t remember. A. need                 B. must                C. should                 D. may 6.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me . A. should have taken             B. could have taken C. needn't have taken            D. mustn't have taken 7.He paid for a seat， when he ______ have entered free. A. could                            B. would                         C. must                     D. need 8.I didn‘t see her in the meeting room this morning. She       at the meeting . A. mustn‘t have spoken    B. mightn’t have spoken C. can‘t have spoken        D. shouldn’t have spoken 9. —— Hi， is that Peter Brown？ ——Sorry. You ______ the wrong number . A. must dial                            B. must have dialed      C. should dial                           D. should have dialed 10.I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour . A. should have been doing             B. must have been doing C. could have done                    D. would have done 巩固练习一答案：1—5 CAADD      6—10 CACBB 二、其他情态动词的要点： 【要点点拨】 1. 表示请求和允许: can, could , may,  might. 过去式使语气更委婉，答语应用原形。  --- Could I use your computer tomorrow morning? --- Yes, you can.( 否定回答可用：No, I’m afraid not.) 2．表示推测： 理论可能性 can   可能性 肯定句 must, may ,might, could 疑问句 can 否定句 can’t (不可能)，may not (可能不) 1)can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真的发生.          Children can be very tiring. 2)反意问句。  He may know the plan, doesn’t he? You must have studied English before, haven’t you? You can’ t have been caught in the rain last night, were you? 3．could & be able to  在肯定句中could表示过去有“能力”做，was / were able to表示过去有能力而且确实做成了某一件事， 相当于managed to do…或succeeded in doing sth. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 4. may / might as well do sth  “还是…好”、“不妨” You might as well tell me the truth. 你还是把真相告诉我的好。 5. must和have to  1) must表示的是说话人的主观看法, 而have to强调客观需要。 2）否定形式含义不同。mustn’t禁止，不许可，don’t have to不必 3) must 偏要（做令人不快的事）eg. Must you shout so loudly? 6. shall和should Shall 1) 表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。      When shall my father be able to leave hospital? 2)表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。 You shall go with me (命令)  / You shall have the book when I finish it.（允诺） He shall be punished  （威胁）/ Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (决心) 3）shall用于法律条文，各种规则中，表示需要，应该 Should 情态动词should一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式，主要用法有：  1）用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和，如：         What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办？ 2）表示应该、必须         We should master a foreign language at least. 我们应当至少掌握一门外语。  3）should 表示推测，“应该，很可能” 语气比must 轻，比may, might 强         They should be back by now. That should be John coming upstairs now.那应该是约翰正在上楼 4）表惊讶，翻译成竟然         I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。 5）在“It is natural (strange, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用should +动词原形”表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在lest（以免）、for fear (that) (以防)、in case（以备万一）等之后也要用“should+动词原形”例如：         It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.         It is strange that he should say so.         Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train. 我们马上走吧，以免赶不上火车。 7. will 和would 1) 表示意志和意愿。will 指现在，would指过去。 If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice. 2) 表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气。Will (Would ) you please pass me the book? 3) 表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。 Fish will die without water. Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought. 4). 表示功能， 意为“能” 或“行”  The machine won’t work. 5) 表示预料或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.猜想他离开家时大约十点。   8. would & used to 1) 表示过去持续的状态和情况用used to; would不与表示状态的动词连用。 There used to be a hospital here. / There would be a hospital here.( ×) 2) would 常与often, sometimes, for hours等表示时间的副词（短语）连用。 We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story. 3) used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义. eg.  He will not spend the money on books as he used to. 巩固练习二： 1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given   B. might give C. may have given   D. may give 2. Jenny______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must     B. should     C. need D. would 3. —Could I borrow your dictionary? —Yes, of course you_________ A. might     B. will C. can   D. should 4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her. A. had to write it out     B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 5. —Shall I tell John about it? —No, you ______ . I've told him already. A. needn't     B. wouldn't C. mustn't     D. shouldn't 6. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.    ─ It______ a comfortable journey.    A. can't be     B. shouldn't be     C. mustn't have been      D. couldn't have been 7. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack______ be here at any moment.     A. must     B. need     C. should D. can 8. When he was there, he______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work   every day. A. would       B. should C. had better         D. might 9 .Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. oughtn't to       B. can't C. won't            D. needn't 10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out. A. had to     B. would     C. could     D. was able to 11. — When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They _____be ready by 12:00. A. can   B. should   C. might   D. need 12. — stayed at a hotel while in New York. — Oh, did you? You_ ____with Barbara. A. could have stayed   B. could stay C. would stay         D. must have stayed 13.－Will you stay for lunch? －Sorry, ＿＿＿＿＿,My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn't B.I can't C. I needn't D.I won't 14. Sorry I'm late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.    A. might     B. should     C. can     D. will 15. I should have been there, but I _______ not find the time. A. would     B. could     C. might     D. should 16. Johnny,you _______ play with the knife,you _______ hurt yourself. A.won't;can't B.mustn't;may C.shouldn't;must D.can't;shouldn't 17. —Are you coming to Jeff's party? 　 — I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead. 　A．must B．would　　 C．should D．might 18. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _________ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?      A．can B．should     C．may     D．must 19 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________ a goal. A．had scored B．scored C．would score D．would have scored 20. —Write to me when you get home.      —_________        A．I must     B．I should   C．I will     D．I can 21. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. A. mustn't leave B. Shouldn't have left C. Couldn't have left D. needn't leave 22. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I______    so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t cut           B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten     D. mustn’t eat 23. —I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. —It _____ be true because there was little snow there. A may not be B won’t be C couldn’t be D mustn’t be 24. It has been announced that candidates_____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A can B will C may D shall 25. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially in a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will 26. When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. 　　-They _______ be ready by 12：00 o'clock. A.can B.should C.might D.need　 27. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 28. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 29. —Are you coming to Jeff's party? 　　 —I'm not sure.I _______ go to the concert instead. A.must B.would C.should D.might 30. — Who is the girl standing over there ? — Well , if you know , her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 巩固练习二答案： 1-5 ABCCA 6-10 DCAAD 11-15 BABAB 16-20 BDADC 21-25 BCCDB 26-30 BAADC ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$