Unit4 Natural DisastersLanguage points课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit4 Language points 1 1. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. ruin n. 破坏；毁坏 be/lie in ruins 成为废墟 come/fall into ruin 毁灭，灭亡；衰落 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 ruin vt. 毁坏，破坏，糟蹋；使破产（或失去地位等） ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 2 【即学即练】 1.He ____________________ through drinking when he was young. 他年轻时喝酒毁了他的健康。 2.A large number of churches fell ________ ruin after the big flood. 3.On returning to the town, they were shocked to find their neighborhood _____________. 当他们回到镇上时,他们震惊地发现他们家附近成了废墟。 in ruins ruined his health into 3 2. People were in shock— and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. shock n.震惊；休克；令人震惊的事 in shock 震惊；吃惊 give sb. a shock 使某人震惊 ... come as a shock (to sb.) ...... 让（某人）非常震惊 culture shock 文化冲击 shock vt. 使震惊 【词汇拓展】 shocked adj.震惊的，愤慨的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的，骇人听闻的 be shocked at/by 对......吃惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊 4 【即学即练】 (1)________ his shock, his house was burned when he arrived home. (2)I was shocked ______ this sudden change in their attitude. (3)It is ________ (shock) that the accident caused forty deaths. (4)She was ___________ (震惊地) for about two weeks after the accident. in shock To at/by shocking People were shocked ________(see) that the UFO was flying over the city. The _________(shock) news _________(shock) all the people around，which was also a great shock ____ people all over the country. 人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物在这座城市的上空飞行，这个让人震惊的消息震动了周围的人们，也使全国各地的人们感到震惊。 to see shocking shocked to 5 3. ... to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套，使陷入困境 n.困境；陷阱 体会trap的用法和意义： When travelling, they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued. The liar trapped me into believing his story. If you choose this way, you’re likely to fall into a trap. We set traps in the field for the mice. be trapped in 被困在……中；陷入……中 trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人(做)某事 fall into the trap (of doing sth.) 落入圈套/陷阱 avoid the trap (of doing sth.) 避免落入圈套/陷阱 set a trap/traps for 为...设陷阱 6 4. bury vt.埋葬，安葬，掩埋；沉浸，使陷入，掩藏（感情、错误等） 体会bury的用法和意义 She buried her face in her hands and wept. Since his wife left, he’s buried himself in his work. He was buried in a novel, so he didn’t notice me come in. If you find yourself wanting to bury your feelings deep inside you, don’t do it. Instead, express them in a reasonable way. The young man, who also seemed deeply buried in thought, raised his eyes. bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 bury oneself in (doing)... = be buried in (doing)... 专心致志于(做)... bury one’s feelings 隐藏感情 be buried in thought 沉思 7 “专心于”短语： Concentrate on Focus on Be absorbed in Devote oneself to = be devoted to Be lost in When I entered, he was lost in his book and didn’t notice me. He devoted himself to helping the poor. The students are devoted to their studies. Time passes quickly when you are absorbed in reading a book. 8 5. Slowly the city began to breathe again. 9 【即学即练】用breathe的适当形式填空或根据中文意思补全句子。 1. Only in the countryside can we have a ________ of fresh air. 2. He has run himself ________________________他跑得上气不接下气。 3. In an attack of asthma, she __________ hard. 4. She ________________ and sat up slowly with great effort. 她深吸一口气,慢慢地、努力地坐了起来。 breath breathed took a deep breath out of breath/breathlessly 10 6. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of ... effort n. [U]尽力，艰难的尝试； n. [U,C] 努力，费力气的事 make an effort/efforts to do sth. 努力做某事 make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 put one's effort into (doing) sth. 把精力投入到(做)某事中 in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事 with/ without effort 费力地/毫不费力地 11 【即学即练】 (1)We will make _______ (effort) to offer you the best service. (2)People should spare no effort ________ (protect) our hometown. (3) The company has laid off 500 workers _________________ money. 公司为节省资金遣散了500名工人。 (4) It’s a long climb to the top, but well worth the _______. (5)He lifted the big stone _________________. 他毫不费力地举起那块大石头。 efforts to protect in an effort to save effort without effort 12 7. Some were found alive, though they were suffering from ... (P51) suffer vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等) 受苦，受折磨 suffer from 受……折磨，患...病 suffer from a serious illness/a headache/ toothache 患重病/头疼/心脏病 vt.遭受, 蒙受 suffer pain/injury/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/受伤/艰难/破坏 suffer defeat/loss/poverty/punishment 遭受失败/损失/贫困/惩罚 【词汇拓展】 sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者　 suffering n.[U] 疼痛，折磨；(pl.) 痛苦，苦恼 13 【即学即练】 1.He is suffering __________high blood pressure. 2.The old man is said to have gone through varieties of _________ during the war. 3.(2017 浙江)A young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students when he took control of a bus after its driver ____________ (suffer) a serious heart attack. from suffered sufferings 14 句式1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. as if引导表语从句 as if 意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导表语从句和方式状从。其意义和用法与as though相同。 （1）as if 引导表语从句除了置于seem之后，还可以放在系动词look, taste, sound, smell等之后，表示“看/尝/听/闻起来...”。 eg Dark clouds are gathering. It seems as if it is going to rain. 15 as if的语气 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或者极有可能发生或存在的事时，用陈述语气 当说话人认为句子所陈述的是不真实或极不可能发生或存在的情况，用虚拟语气 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。 如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。 如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might/should＋动词原形”。 （2）as if/as though引导的从句的语气： 16 【练一练】 1.从他的说话的样子来看他是醉了。 He talks as if he _____ drunk . 陈述语气 4.他张开嘴好像要说什么。 He opened his mouth as if he ___________ something. is 2.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那儿似的。 He talks about Rome as if he _________ there before. had been 3.你看上去好像并不在乎。 You look as if you ______ care. didn’t would say 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 17 句式2. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. 【句型分析】该句为“主语+be+adj. (for sb.) +to do” 句型。 具体用法： （1）形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词。常见的此类形容词 有easy, hard, difficult, safe, imteresting, heavy, plesant, good, nice, comfortable, impossible等 。 （2）当不定式的动词和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式表示被动含义。 eg The shirt is comfortable to wear and easy to wash. The book is very interesting to read. （3）当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后加上适当的介词。 eg Though small, the house is comfortable to live in. 18 【练一练】 1. This machine is very easy _____________ (operate）. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 2. I often miss Jack, an old friend of mine, who everyone thinks is pleasant to get along ________. 3. Last week, I bought a bed which was comfortable to sleep _____. to operate with on 19 Discovering Useful Structures 20 1. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. supply  n.供应量；补给；补给品 vt.供应；供给 (be) in short supply 供应不足；短缺 a large supply of /large supplies of 大量......的供应 supply sb with sth= supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物 翻译：一些外国政府向反叛者(rebels) 提供武器(arms)。 Some foreign governments supplied arms to the rebels. Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms. 不同“提供”的表达： provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. offer sth. to sb. / offer sb. sth.  21 2. She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. survive vt. 幸存；艰难度过 vi. 生存；存活 survive sth. 幸免于某事；从某事中挺过来，活过来 survive on 依靠……生存下来 ；靠……维持生活 survive sb. by+时间段　比某人多活…… 【语境应用】完成句子。 The man was the only __________(幸存者) who _____________________(在地震中幸存). He told us he ______________(靠……生存) a bottle of water. Everyone said his __________(幸存) was a wonder. survivor survived the earthquake had survived on survival survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. 残存，生还，生存 22 Listening and Speaking 23 1. Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines. n. [U] 电力供应；能量；力量 a power failure/cut 停电 win/solar/nuclear power 风能/太阳能/核能 n. [U] 统治；政权；能力；权力 come to/into power 开始掌权/执政（强调动作） be in power 执政（强调状态） have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事 within/beyond one’s power 在某人能力范围之内/之外 do all/everything in one's power to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 vt. 驱动，推动（机器或车辆） be powered by . . . 由……提供动力；由……供电 【词汇拓展】powerful adj. 有影响力的，有组织的 24 【语境运用】完成句子。 1) The party ________________ at the last election. 这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。 2) As your close friend, I will do everything __________________ to help you out. 作为你最亲密的朋友，我会尽全力帮你摆脱困境。 3) 翻译：We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure. 4) 翻译：Sorry, the phone you are calling is powered off. came to power within my power 25 2. Stay calm. calm vt.&vi. (使)平静; (使)镇定 calm down 平静，镇静，安静 calm sb down 使某人平静/镇静下来 calm adj. 镇静的; 沉着的（calmer- calmest) stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静 【词汇拓展】calmly adv. 平静地 【语境应用】翻译句子。 1) 请努力保持镇静，医生很快就到。 Please try to stay calm. The doctor will be here soon. 2) 她深吸了一口气，使自己平静下来。 She took a deep breath to calm herself (down). 26 Reading for Writing 27 1. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. wave n．波浪，波涛；挥手　 a wave of ... 一阵/一股... give sb. a wave 向某人挥手 = wave at/to sb. wave v．波动；起伏；挥手 wave one’s hand 挥手 wave at/to sb. 向某人挥手/招手 wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别 = wave sb. goodbye 【练一练】听到这个好消息，他感到一阵兴奋涌上全身。 Hearing the good news, he felt ___________excitement flooding through his body. a wave of 2. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. 体会下列句中strike (vi. & vt.) 的含义 1) Strike while the iron is hot. 2) The clock was striking eight as we went into the hall. 3) A terrible earthquake struck Japan, making 30,000 people or so lose their lives. You can’t help being struck by her kindness.　 v. 打； 撞击 v. 敲（钟），报时 v. (灾难、疾病等)侵袭，袭击 (strike, struck, struck/stricken) be struck by 被……侵袭/打动 29 2. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. 体会下列句中strike (vi. & vt.) 的含义 4) A good idea struck me when I was sweeping the floor. It struck me that that was a great chance to improve my English. 5) The drivers were on strike to demand to improve working conditions. (strike, struck, struck/stricken) v. 突然想到，意识到 It strikes sb. that ... = It occurs to sb. that..= It hits sb. that.. 某人突然想起…… n./v. 罢工，罢课 be/go on strike 在/举行罢工 30 【语境应用】完成句子。 1. 我突然想到，我应该申请做一名志愿者。 _______________________ I should apply to be a volunteer. 2. 我被三峡的天然美景深深打动了。 I _________________________ the natural beauty of the Three Gorges. 3. 泰山的美让我刻骨铭心。 Mountain Tai has __________________________. It suddenly struck me that was deeply struck by struck its beauty into my heart strike . . .  into one's heart 使某人对……刻骨铭心 3. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. deliver vt. &vi. 递送，传送，交付；生(小孩儿)，接生；发表(演说等)，宣布，发布 deliver sth. to　　投递/运送某物给…… deliver a speech 发表演说 deliver a baby 接生婴儿 【词汇拓展】delivery n. 传递，传送；分娩 翻译： 杰克被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。 Jack was asked to deliver a speech on the graduation in Harvard University. 4. effect n. 影响；结果；效果 come into effect 生效 have an effect on/upon… 对……有影响 bring/put sth into effect 使……生效；实施…… side effect 副作用 根据中文意思完成句子： ①There is no doubt that watching TV too much can ________________ children. 不可否认，看太多电视会对儿童有不好的影响。 ②The measures taken by the local government will _____________ next month. 当地政府采取的措施将于下月生效。 ③The drug is said to have ___________. 据说该药物有副作用。 【词汇拓展】 effective adj. 有效的； 有影响的 effectiveness n. 效力，效果 have a bad effect on come into effect side effects 句式1. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 此句型为 “sb. be doing ... when ...”的结构，意为“正在做……，这时（突然）……”，表示当一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在发生。 when是并列连词，可以跟suddenly连用以加强语气，但不能替换成while。when前面的分句用过去进行时态，when后面的分句用一般过去时。 仿写： 我们正在开会，突然停电了。 We _________________________ when __________________. were having a meeting the power failed [知识拓展] 用when作并列连词的常用句型有： 1. sb. was/were about to do ... when ...(一般过去时) =be on the point to do … when … “正要做某事, 这时......” 2. sb. had (just) done ... when ... (一般过去时) “刚做完某事, 这时......” 练一练： ①我刚要跟他打电话，这时，他打来电话了。 I _________________ phone him when he ____________ me. ②我刚做完试卷，这时铃声就响了。 I _______________________________________ the bell rang. ③我正在想这件事，突然听到有人叫我名字。 I___________________________________ I heard my name called . was about to phoned had just finished my exam paper when was thinking about the matter when Thank you 36 $$