Unit4 Natural DIsasters Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Relative Clause Unit4 Discovering Useful Structures 形容词 名词 介词短语 非谓语动词 从句 (定语从句） She is a beautiful girl. Amy is a woman teacher. The girl in red is my sister. I have something to say. The boy making face is my son. Japan is a developed country. I like people who smiles a lot. 1定义：修饰名词或代词，常译为“的” 2什么可以做定语 一、什么是定语? 定语从句 1定义 2结构 从句 3类型 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。表示...的，作用相当于形容词 先行词 关系词 被修饰的名词或代词 引导定语从句的词 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 eg. There is a girl who wants to see you. 二、什么是定语从句? which that who whose whom as when where why 三、关系词的分类 四、限制性定语从句 VS 非限制性定语从句 名称 意义 结构 功能 例子 限制性定语从句 There is a girl who wants to see you. 非限制性定语从句 Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook. 起限定作用， 指特定的人或者物，若省掉，句意不完整 仅作补充说明，若省掉， 原句句意完整 用逗号隔开 修饰 先行词 修饰先行词或者整个句子 紧跟先行词，不加逗号 在从句中充当宾语 替代a girl There is a girl who wants to see you. 五、关系词在定语从句中的的三个作用: 1. 连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰的内容连接起来。 2. 替代作用：在从句中替代被从句修饰的先行词。 3. 充当成分：在从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语等。 The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise. A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador. Find out the antecedents and underline the restrictive relative clauses(限制性定语从句) in the sentences below. 感知 7 关系代词引导的 定语从句 Theme template 探究与总结关系代词的用法 Work in groups, discuss and analyse the sentences and then find out the rules of using relative pronouns. 9 1) The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 2) The package which you are carrying is about to fall. 1) Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that everyone cannot forget. 2) I know the girl that lost her home in the disaster. 3) After the typhoon, our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 1) Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 2) She wants to find the girl who she helped in the earthquake. 1) The man whom you saw just now is from the rescue team. 2) Rose is the person whom you should look after. 1) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 2) The buildings whose walls had cracks were no longer safe for people to live in. 10 which的用法 1. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 2. This is a car which I bought last month. 指代the supplies, 在从句中作主语 指代The car, 在从句中作宾语 which在定语从句中作主语或宾语，先行词是物。 that的用法 that在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，先行词是人或物。 1. Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that the mother cannot forget. 2. I know the girl that lost her home in the disaster. 3. After the typhoon, our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 指代the girl,在从句中作主语 指代experience，在从句中作宾语 指代the place，在从句中作表语 1. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 2. She wants to find the girl who she helped in the earthquake. 指代people，在从句中作主语 指代the girl, 在从句中作宾语 who的用法 who 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，先行词是人，不是物。 13 1. The man whom you saw just now is from the rescue team. 2. Rose is the person whom you should look after. 指代the man，在从句中作saw的宾语， 指代the person, 在从句中作look after的宾语 whom 在定语从句中作宾语, 先行词是人，不是物。 whom的用法 14 1.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 2. The buildings whose walls had cracks were no longer safe for people to live in. whose在从句中作定语，限定两个名词之间的所属关系。先行词既可以是人，也可以是物。 survivor’s，作定语 the buildings’，作定语 whose的用法 15 whose引导定从的变形 whose引导的定从还可以转换为“of +关系代词”型，即 the + n + of which(物)/ whom(人) =of which/ whom + the + n eg They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. = They lived in a house, _________________ opens to the south. = They lived in a house, _________________ open to the south. of which the door the door of which 16 指人 指物 主语 宾语 定语 that which who whom whose √ 总结：关系代词在定语从句中的用法 何时可以省略？ 做宾语时可以省略 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 1) Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 2) He was the only one that could help us at the moment. 3) The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain. 当先行词是 anything, nothing, much, everything, all, few, any, little等不定代词时 当先行词被 all, every, the only, the very, few, little, no, some等修饰时 当先行词为序数词或形容词最高级，或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 Attention!!! 关系代词的选择（特殊情况） 只用that,不用which的情况： 18 4) He talked about the teachers and school that he visited. 5) Who is the man that is standing there? 当先行词既有人又有物时 Attention!!! 关系代词的选择（特殊情况） 宜用that,不用which的情况： 当主句是由who或which开头的疑问句时 19 1) These books, which you can get at any corner of the town will give you all the information. 2) Those are many trees under which they can have a rest. 3)That which you told him is exciting. Attention!!! 关系代词的选择（特殊情况） 只用which，不用that的情况： 1) 在非限制性定性定语从句中 2)关系代词前面出现介词时，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom 3)当先行词本身是that时 20 指代人且做主语时，关系代词既可以用who也可以用that。这些情况用who而不用that： 1)当先行词为anyone，one， everyone, someone等不定代词或人称代词时。 2) 当先行词为指人的those或是被those修饰的人时。 3) 当先行词是people或表示人的集体名词时。 1）Is he the one who wants to see you? He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 2）God helps those who help themselves. She is one of those women who always make the worst of their troubles. 3) I know the people who are standing there. Attention!!! 关系代词的选择（特殊情况） 21 若关系代词前有介词时，用whom。 指代人且做宾语时，可用who也可以用whom。这些情况用whom而不用who： Most young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for distant regions to chase their dreams. Attention!!! 关系代词的选择（特殊情况） 22 如何选择关系词？ Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 识别定从，找到先行词 判断先行词代指人还是物 判断从句中缺少什么成分 选定恰当的关系词 口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里, 有无主宾语 This is the college ________________ I visited three years ago. 先行词 定语从句 the college 在从句充当宾语 先行词指物，作宾语，用that/which/不填 1. Is this the factory _________ you visited last week? 2. Our class is a big family__________ consists of 23 girls and 29 boys. 3. Yao Hui is the boy ______ English study is very good in our class. 4. They talked about things and persons _______ they remembered in the school. 5. Do you know the boy _________ threw the stone at the window? 6. The woman ______________ you met yesterday is my aunt. 7. Please get ready for everything _____ we need. 8. The injured boy _________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 9. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. 10. This is the very book ______ I’m looking for. 11. The book, ____________ I bought yesterday, is very helpful. which/that which/that whose who/that Fill in the blanks who/whom/that whose that that that that which Describe what the disasters are like according to the given information. tornado （龙卷风） violent storm with very strong winds move in a circle A tornado is a violent storm with very strong winds which move in a circle. Describe what the disasters are like according to the given information. tsunami （海啸） extremely large wave in the sea caused by an earthquake A tsunami is an extremely large wave in the sea which is often caused by an earthquake. Describe what the disasters are like according to the given information. flood （洪水） a large amount of water cover an area usually dry areas A flood is a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry. Describe what the disasters are like according to the given information. Who is the man? What is he doing? What happened to the baby? The man who is holding the baby is a firefighter. A firefighter is holding the baby who survived the earthquake. Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom,or"/". Then translate the sentences into Chinese.(P52) 1. Here are some of the people__________homes were destroyed. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ___________ were asleep. 3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything _________ they could find. 4. Several days later, most of the buildings____________had been damaged by the huricane were repaired. whose who/that that/ / that/which 有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。 建筑物可怕的晃动惊醒了沉睡中的人们。 第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。 几天后，大多数在飓风中被损坏的建筑物得到了修缮。 30 Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom,or"/". Then translate the sentences into Chinese. 5. The injured boy________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _______ she was rescued. 7. Is this the young boy _______ saved several other students trapped under buildings? whose whom who/that 那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。 这位女子给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。 这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困学生的男孩吗？ 31 Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with the restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose or whom. A: What’s the rescue worker doing? B: She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. A: What are the soldiers doing? B: They are putting up the tents which are used as temporary shelters for the homeless in the earthquake. Write a short passage of 7 sentences to describe the rescue work after the natural disaster. At least 5 restrictive relative clauses must be used. $$