精品解析：天津市和平区耀华中学2024-2025学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题

天津市耀华中学2024-2025学年度第一学期期中学情调研 高一年级英语学科 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共100分，考试时间100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至9页,第Ⅱ卷9至10页。 第Ⅰ卷(共75分) 第一部分：听力(共20小题;每小题0.5分，满分10分) 第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the woman worried about? A. The price of the training. B. The size of the area. C. Safety. 2. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Listen to the radio. B. Download some music. C. Get some help. 3. What does the woman want to do in the light? A. Get some work done. B. Learn something about Athens. C. Get some sleep. 4. What are the speakers talking about? A. Hobbies. B. Benefits of music. C. Course registration. 5. Why won’t the woman give the main directions? A. She is late for class. B. She doesn’t know the area. C. She has never heard of the college. 第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the man think of the first tie? A. It’s expensive. B. It’s very simple. C. It’s too bright. 7. What does the woman say about the red ties? A. They are a different brand. B. They go well with gray suits. C. They have great patterns. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. How often did the woman use to have tomato soup? A. Once a month. B. Twice a month. C. Every week. 9. What will the man do next? A. Have more of the woman’s soup. B. Eat some bread. C. Call the waiter over. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why does the man like going to the gym? A. It has fresh air. B. He can meet his friends there. C. People who use gyms are healthier. 11. What will the man do at 3:00? A. Run in the park. B. Go for an interview. C. Use the machines in the gym. 12. What does the man imply about the woman? A. She should make him some cakes. B. She should stick to her fitness routine. C. She is doing nothing for her health. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Get her card fixed. B. Give her a ride to the office. C. Call her a cab. 14. What is the woman worried about? A. Paying for her car repairs. B. Making up her work. C. Getting rides to work. 15. What day is it today? A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday. 16. Who might the man be? A. The woman’s husband. B. The woman’s boss. C. The woman’s friend. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What should students do today and tomorrow? A. Hand in all final assignments. B. Take their French finals. C. Ask their teachers for all exam times and places. 18. When is the English exam held? A On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 19. How many Asian language exams are there? A. One. B. Three. C. Four. 20. Who will be giving the morning math final on Friday? A. Mr. Jones. B. Mr. Brown C. Mrs. Smith. 第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. With _______, they sat uncomfortably on the chairs, waiting for the final results. A. a frog in their throat B. a cup of tea C. a piece of cake D. butterflies in their stomach 2. Darkness would make us more _________ of sight; silence would teach us the joy of sound. A. aware B. ashamed C. appointed D. proud 3. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and_________jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. ending up 4. If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two _________ for your future. A. challenges B. gaps C. options D. errors 5. --- Guess what? I happened to meet Fernando the other day. --- If my memory serves me correctly, you ______ each other for ages. A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C. didn’t see D. don’t see 6. Recently I can’t focus on my lessons. Maybe I need to see a doctor. A. somewhat B. somehow C. anyway D. otherwise 7. In the laboratory Watson found Sherlock Holmes ________ at a desk with his attention ________ on some experimental equipment. A. seated; focusing B. seating; focused C. sat; focusing D. sitting; focused 8. We all know that the length of a day in summer is longer than ______ in winter. A. this B. these C. that D. those 9. The girl they had paid much________ out to be a beautiful spy. A. attention to turning B. attention to turned C. attention to whom turned D. attention to her turned 10. —May I remind you that a Mr. Wang is waiting outside, Sir? —Oh, that’s right. I ________ about it. A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. have forgotten 11. The science of computer, ________ rapid progress has been made in recent years, plays a very important role in our daily life. A. from which B. in which C. with which D. to which 12. Unluckily, when I dropped in, Dr. Smith _________, so we only had time for a few words. A. was just leaving B. has just left C. had just left D. just left 13. We need to keep in mind _________ we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. A. what B. which C. that which D. that what 14. The feeling of enjoying applause and cheers after finishing the running race was beyond _________. A. debate B. doubt C. control D. description 15. I hadn’t thought about the difficulty_________people often have_________English until my son asked me whether there was ham in hamburger. A. where; to learn B. which; learning C. where; learning D. which; to learn 第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 When you travel, it’s inevitable (不可避免的) that things will go wrong. It doesn’t matter how ____16____ you are for the trip—accidents happen on the road, at hotels or ____17____ in the middle of the ocean. Often, it’s what happens next that ____18____ the most. No matter what happens, it can be a ____19____ turn in the journey or a bad thing. During a recent long international trip, my youngest daughter’s airsickness struck again. We were ____20____ our choices after landing in San Francisco for an overnight layover (中途停留). When we stood in the middle of the terminal (航站楼), not only ____21____ how to get to our hotel, but also discussing whether or not we should just turn around and go home, a pilot ____22____ us. He quietly asked me if my 4-year-old was the passenger who had gotten ____23____ on the flight. I nodded, half afraid someone was going to tell us we now weren’t ____24____ to fly with her. Instead, he _____25_____ down to her level, opened up his bag and took out a pair of wings. While the captain was ____26____ her the wings, he kindly asked my young daughter how she was feeling. Like most young kids, sometimes she’s ____27____ about talking to strangers, but not this time. They _____28_____ for 60 seconds, but in those 60 seconds, she went from feeling bad and _____29_____ to walk around the airport to jogging to the airport hotel with a smile on her face. As the captain walked away, she _____30_____ and said, “He cared about me.” My daughter is still young, but she is old enough to feel _____31_____ when a pilot wants to check in on her. In that moment, the pilot was exactly the right one to make her feel better about flying. He _____32_____ our day by taking two minutes out of his. It’s often the _____33_____ stories that make the headlines, but small, heart-warming moments are still happening all around us. I’m _____34_____ to all in the travel industry—and beyond—that take those few minutes to make a world of ____35____. 16. A. lucky B. old C. energetic D. prepared 17 A. also B. even C. yet D. still 18. A. includes B. values C. matters D. offers 19. A. wrong B. timely C. sudden D. quick 20. A. doubting B. making C. quitting D. changing 21. A. pointing out B. learning about C. figuring out D. quarrelling about 22. A. approached B. examined C. appreciated D. discovered 23. A. hungry B. thirsty C. sick D. lost 24. A. led B. allowed C. advised D. expected 25. A. bent B. looked C. broke D. fell 26. A. taking B. handing C. opening D. flying 27. A. concerned B. confused C. shy D. curious 28. A. fighted B. hesitated C. waited D. chatted 29. A. refusing B. deciding C. hoping D. pretending 30 A. cried B. smiled C. nodded D. froze 31. A. awkward B. funny C. upset D. special 32. A. ruined B. saved C. displayed D. affected 33. A. love B. news C. horror D. comedy 34. A. attracted B. grateful C. opposed D. mean 35. A. misfortune B. mess C. wonder D. difference 第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题，每题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A It’s good to make mistakes, and here is why. First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new things. It’s always good to try new things because when you are trying new things you are growing. If you never try anything new, how can you improve? The simple answer is “You can’t”. Look around you. With very few exceptions, either everything you see in your physical world or every single detail of every single thing is the result of someone trying something new. Another good thing about mistakes is this: When you are making mistakes, you are learning. Consider this: Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the light bulb. When asked how it felt to fail so many times, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times, but rather had learned 10,000 things that didn’t work. Finally, when you make a mistake you are much closer to success. Why? Because when all is said and done, you will have tried some number of things before you succeed. Every time you make a mistake, you eliminate one of those things and are one step closer. But this all doesn’t mean that you should go ahead without considering the results of a mistake. Quite the contrary, when you try something new you have to be willing to set some reasonable limits so that in the event that it doesn’t work out the way you want it to, you will be in a position to try again. We all have limited resources in the form of time and money so don’t blow them all on one approach to a problem. Realize that it probably won’t be perfect for the first time and allocate (分配) these resources well so you can learn, make corrections, and try it again. Only by accepting and using your mistakes in this way can you make significant advances in your business and your career. There is an old saying that goes, “If you’re not making mistakes, you’ re not trying hard enough.” So go ahead and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. And prosper (成功). 36. From the second paragraph, we can conclude that_________. A. mistakes are unnecessary for development B. we are afraid of trying new things C. it’s common for people to make mistakes D. mistakes are better than not trying 37. According to the article, one thing you should pay attention to about making mistakes is_________. A. avoiding making the same mistakes B. accepting the punishment willingly C. taking results into consideration D. trying things out one by one 38. The article is mainly about_________. A. how to deal with mistakes B. what benefits mistakes bring C. how to achieve success D. how to make use of your mistakes B “Meet me in the conference room with the contracts and a cup of coffee,” my boss barked at me. “Ten minutes.” I didn’t respond. I stood still as if my shoes had been glued to the floor. I had no intention of taking a cup of anything to anyone, supervisor or not. I had seen with my own eyes what such behavior did to a woman. It happened to Mrs. Wilson next door. Old Mr. Wilson wouldn’t put in his own false teeth without his wife’s assistance, let alone make himself lunch. It was a miserable union. I vowed by age eight that I would never live like her. I adopted the motto: Don’t help those who won’t help themselves. I rushed to the file room and pulled my phone. I explained to my father what had happened and asked his advice on what to do, only to be asked back. He must have forgotten the unwritten rule between us about not answering a question with a question. Fortunately, I came up with an idea that would have the best of both worlds. I took up the files and headed for the coffee pot. I took two cups and made two cups of coffee. Then I walked into the boss’ office with a cup of coffee in each hand. I handed my boss a cup of coffee and drank at the same time as him. “Let’s take a break,” partway through the meeting, my boss stood, saying, “I need more coffee.” I picked up my empty cup. “I do, too,” I said, and handed it to him across the table. “Thanks,” I added, looking at him expectantly. The boss was staggered for a moment, and then took the cup from me. When I finally left my boss’ office, I hid in the bathroom and called my dad. My father’s laughter on the phone made me feel even prouder. 39. Why does the author mention the Wilsons? A. To explain her unwillingness to serve the coffee. B. To picture what she will be like when she ages. C. To stress her opposition to inequality in society. D. To show how the couple grew old together. 40. What did the author mean by bringing two cups of coffee to meet the boss? A. She intended to play a trick on her mean boss. B. She planned to have the boss serve her later. C. She meant to share instead of serving. D. She wanted to save the trouble of doing it again. 41. What does the underlined word “staggered” mean in the sixth paragraph? A. Moved. B. Scared. C. Excited. D. Shocked. 42. What can we learn about the author from the text? A. She figured out how to show respect for her superior. B. She took a wise approach to stand up for herself. C. She found it practical to seek solutions from her father. D. She considered it significant to fight against men bravely. C Human responses to moral dilemmas (道德困境) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users may undervalue the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot. Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场). The authors then presented 767 U.S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person’s life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers. Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read. However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments. The authors suggest that the possibility for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings. 43. What are ChatGPT’s answers to a certain moral stance? A. changeable. B. valuable. C. creative. D. simple. 44. What is learned about the participants? A. They admitted the power of ChatGPT. B. They were interviewed by a moral advisor. C. They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly. D. They were presented with different moral dilemmas. 45. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Different findings of the study. B. Future possibility for chatbots. C. Major focuses of future education. D. Solutions to the impact of chatbots. 46. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics. B. ChatGPT: Is It Likely to Affect Our Life? C. ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us So Nervous? D. ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments. D If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a second language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brainpower. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (灰质). This is the area of the brain which deals with information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的).” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists. 47. In the 2nd paragraph, the writer mentions exercise in order to_________. A. say language is also a kind of physical labor B. prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language C. to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language D. make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well 48. The underlined word “bilingual” probably means_________. A. a researcher on language learning B. a person who is good at learning foreign languages C. a person who can speak two languages D. an active language learner 49. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage? A. Bilinguals have greater grey matter density than those who speak only one language. B. The younger one starts to learn a second language, the more stupid he will be. C. The participants of Dr. Andrea’s team’s study are all bilinguals. D. Grey matter is an area in people’s brain only receiving information. 50. The main subject talked about in this passage is_________. A. science on learning a second language B. man’s ability of learning a second language C. language can help brain power D. language learning and maths study 第Ⅱ卷(共25分) 第四部分：读写综合 第一节：单词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 根据首字母和句子意义填写单词，并根据语境、句法规则和构词法知识用其正确形式填空，使句子意义通顺完整。 51. In New Zealand, the Maori people still m_________ a strong cultural tradition with time changing rapidly. (根据首字母单词拼写) 52. We should consider all the details and make decisions according to s_________ conditions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 53. She was young and wearing student-type clothes so I a_________ she was studying here. (根据首字母单词拼写) 54. He made the whole speech without r _________ to the notes in front of him. (根据首字母单词拼写) 55. He was full of c_________ about what he saw, always asking questions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 56. Her painting skills are so i_________ that she has won several awards in national competitions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 57. The lecturer i_________ his point with a diagram on the blackboard. (根据首字母单词拼写) 58 The photos r_________ me of the beautiful schooldays in my teens. (根据首字母单词拼写) 59. The reason why I admire him is that his p_________ attitude to life has a great effect on me. (根据首字母单词拼写) 60. After a heated a________, we finally reached agreement. （根据首字母单词拼写） 61. House prices have risen so s_________ in recent months that the government is considering new ways to deal with it. (根据首字母单词拼写) 62 In front of us was an old tower m_________30 meters in height. (根据首字母单词拼写) 63. Usually, a child’s behavior is a r_________ of his family environment. (根据首字母单词拼写) 64. D_________all our efforts to save the factory, the authorities decided to close it. (根据首字母单词拼写) 65. In no case should we s _________ economic development at the expense of the environment and nature resources. (根据首字母单词拼写) 第二节：短语填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 根据句子意义选择适合该句的短语，并用其正确形式填空，使句子意义通顺完整。 make the most of take up settle for keep sth in mind in advance feed on brave the elements in particular be well-known for have a gift for turn to cut down make a fortune be familiar with be ashamed of be set in 66. That is a shameful behaviour and he should feel _________ what he has done. 67. With mountains and fields covered with heavy snow, it is the hardest time for animals and birds to find anything to_________. 68. We must _________ that we should respect different cultures and customs. 69. He left school early, determined _________ in New York, but he failed. 70. To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi _________ and got up very early. 71. A large crowd _________ yesterday in the hope of seeing their favourite star. 72. The doctor strongly suggested my father _________ smoking for the sake (缘故) of his health. 73. Why _________ second best when you can have something better? 74. I have always been able to _________ my parents when I’ve had a problem. 75. After recovering from his illness, he was advised _________ gardening as a hobby. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天津市耀华中学2024-2025学年度第一学期期中学情调研 高一年级英语学科 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共100分，考试时间100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至9页,第Ⅱ卷9至10页。 第Ⅰ卷(共75分) 第一部分：听力(共20小题;每小题0.5分，满分10分) 第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the woman worried about? A. The price of the training. B. The size of the area. C. Safety. 2. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. Listen to the radio. B. Download some music. C. Get some help. 3. What does the woman want to do in the light? A. Get some work done. B. Learn something about Athens. C. Get some sleep. 4. What are the speakers talking about? A. Hobbies. B. Benefits of music. C. Course registration. 5. Why won’t the woman give the main directions? A. She is late for class. B. She doesn’t know the area. C. She has never heard of the college. 第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the man think of the first tie? A. It’s expensive. B. It’s very simple. C. It’s too bright. 7. What does the woman say about the red ties? A. They are a different brand. B. They go well with gray suits. C. They have great patterns. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. How often did the woman use to have tomato soup? A. Once a month. B. Twice a month. C. Every week. 9. What will the man do next? A. Have more of the woman’s soup. B. Eat some bread. C. Call the waiter over. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why does the man like going to the gym? A. It has fresh air. B. He can meet his friends there. C. People who use gyms are healthier. 11. What will the man do at 3:00? A. Run in the park. B. Go for an interview. C. Use the machines in the gym. 12. What does the man imply about the woman? A. She should make him some cakes. B. She should stick to her fitness routine. C. She is doing nothing for her health. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What does the man offer to do for the woman? A. Get her card fixed. B. Give her a ride to the office. C. Call her a cab. 14. What is the woman worried about? A. Paying for her car repairs. B. Making up her work. C. Getting rides to work. 15. What day is it today? A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday. 16. Who might the man be? A. The woman’s husband. B. The woman’s boss. C. The woman’s friend. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What should students do today and tomorrow? A. Hand in all final assignments. B. Take their French finals. C. Ask their teachers for all exam times and places. 18. When is the English exam held? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 19. How many Asian language exams are there? A. One. B. Three. C. Four. 20. Who will be giving the morning math final on Friday? A. Mr. Jones. B. Mr. Brown C. Mrs. Smith. 第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. With _______, they sat uncomfortably on the chairs, waiting for the final results. A. a frog in their throat B. a cup of tea C. a piece of cake D. butterflies in their stomach 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查习语辨析。句意：他们忐忑不安地坐在椅子上，等待着最后的结果。A. a frog in their throat嗓子嘶哑；B. a cup of tea一杯茶；C. a piece of cake小事一桩；D. butterflies in their stomach忐忑不安。根据后文“waiting for the final results”可知，应是忐忑不安地等待着最后的结果，符合语境。故选D项。 2. Darkness would make us more _________ of sight; silence would teach us the joy of sound. A. aware B. ashamed C. appointed D. proud 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：黑暗会让我们更加意识到光明；沉默会教会我们声音的乐趣。A. aware意识到的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. appointed指定的；D. proud自豪的。根据“Darkness would make us more”可知，黑暗让我们意识到光明的存在。故选A。 3. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and_________jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. ending up 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：村子里的每个人都很喜欢Jack，因为他擅长于编笑话和讲笑话。A. turning up调高，出现；B. putting up张贴，建起；留宿；C. making up化妆，编造，弥补，组成；D. ending up最终处于。根据句意及上文“he is good at telling and”可知，空处指“编造”笑话，应用动词短语make up，用动名词形式与telling并列作介词宾语。故选C。 4. If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two _________ for your future. A. challenges B. gaps C. options D. errors 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你在上大学的同时演奏音乐，你的未来将有两种选择。A. challenges挑战；B. gaps缺口；C. options选择；D. errors错误。根据If you go to university and play music at the same time可知，如果上大学的同时演奏音乐，有两种未来选择。故选C。 5. --- Guess what? I happened to meet Fernando the other day. --- If my memory serves me correctly, you ______ each other for ages. A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C. didn’t see D. don’t see 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你猜怎么着？前几天我偶然遇见了费尔南多。——如果我没记错的话，你们很久没见面了。根据句意可知，第二个说话人在前几天偶然遇见了费尔南多之前有很久没见他了，因此句子时态用过去完成时，表示一个过去的时间点之前完成的动作，因此空格处是hadn’t seen，故选B。 6. Recently I can’t focus on my lessons. Maybe I need to see a doctor. A. somewhat B. somehow C. anyway D. otherwise 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最近，不知怎地我就是不能集中精力学习功课。也许我需要看医生。A. somewhat有点，稍微；B. somehow不知怎么地； C. anyway无论如何；D. otherwise要不然的话。根据“Maybe I need to see a doctor. ”可知此处表示“不知为何”，故选B。 7. In the laboratory Watson found Sherlock Holmes ________ at a desk with his attention ________ on some experimental equipment. A. seated; focusing B. seating; focused C. sat; focusing D. sitting; focused 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在实验室里，华生发现夏洛克·福尔摩斯正坐在一张桌子旁，全神贯注地注视着一些实验仪器。分析句子可知，第一空是非谓语动词，作found的宾语补足语，如果用seat，seat意为“使就座”，和Sherlock Holmes逻辑上是被动关系，需用过去分词形式seated，如果用sit，sit意为“坐”，和Sherlock Holmes逻辑上是主动关系，需用现在分词形式sitting，故可排除B和C项；第二空是非谓语动词，在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，focus意为“集中”，和his attention逻辑上是被动关系，需用过去分词形式focused。故选D。 8. We all know that the length of a day in summer is longer than ______ in winter. A. this B. these C. that D. those 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：我们都知道夏天一天的长度比冬天长。A. this这个（指示代词）；B. these这些；C. that那个；D. those那些。设空处使用代词指代前文的“一天的长度”，此处指代的是“冬天一天的长度”与前文中“夏天一天的长度”为同类但不同物，且为不可数名词。故选C。 9. The girl they had paid much________ out to be a beautiful spy. A. attention to turning B. attention to turned C. attention to whom turned D. attention to her turned 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：他们非常关注的这位女孩结果是一位漂亮的女间谍。这里“they had paid much attention to”是修饰the girl的定语从句，指人的先行词the girl在从句中作介词to 的宾语，所以省略了引导定语从句的关系代词that或者who。故可知turn在句中作谓语动词，由had paid可知其该用一般过去时。故选B。 10. —May I remind you that a Mr. Wang is waiting outside, Sir? —Oh, that’s right. I ________ about it. A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. have forgotten 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词时态。句意： 我可以提醒你一下，一个自称王先生的人在外面等待？这样呀，我忘记这事了。根据语境可知说话人忘记这件事，故用一般过去时来表达，故选B项。 11. The science of computer, ________ rapid progress has been made in recent years, plays a very important role in our daily life. A. from which B. in which C. with which D. to which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：电脑科技，最近这些年进步飞速，在我们的日常生活中扮演重要的角色。分析句子成分可知，先行词是the science of computer，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，在句中做in的宾语；in表示在…方面。故选B项。 12. Unluckily, when I dropped in, Dr. Smith _________, so we only had time for a few words. A. was just leaving B. has just left C. had just left D. just left 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：不幸的是，当我到访时，Dr. Smith正要离开，所以我们只能说几句话。leave“离开”。由“so we only had time for a few words”可知，Dr. Smith正要离开，应用过去进行时，表示过去按计划将要发生的动作。故选A。 13. We need to keep in mind _________ we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. A. what B. which C. that which D. that what 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句和主语从句。句意：我们需要记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真相。“is often not the whole truth about a person”缺少主语，需用连接代词引导主语从句，主语从句中see缺少宾语，且结合句意可知，宾语指物，应用what作引导词，可排除B和C项；keep in mind that…为固定表达，意为“记住……”，that引导宾语从句，不可省略。故选D。 14. The feeling of enjoying applause and cheers after finishing the running race was beyond _________. A. debate B. doubt C. control D. description 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：跑完全程后享受掌声和欢呼的感觉是无法形容的。A. debate争论；B. doubt怀疑；C. control控制；D. description描述。根据句意可知，此处为名词description“描述”，满足句意要求。故选D项。 15. I hadn’t thought about the difficulty_________people often have_________English until my son asked me whether there was ham in hamburger. A. where; to learn B. which; learning C. where; learning D. which; to learn 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：我没有想过人们在学习英语时经常遇到的困难，直到我儿子问我汉堡里是否有火腿。第一个空引导定语从句，先行词是difficulty，指物，在从句中作have的宾语，应用关系代词which引导，have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“在做某事有困难”，故第二个空用动名词形式learning。故选B。 第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 When you travel, it’s inevitable (不可避免的) that things will go wrong. It doesn’t matter how ____16____ you are for the trip—accidents happen on the road, at hotels or ____17____ in the middle of the ocean. Often, it’s what happens next that ____18____ the most. No matter what happens, it can be a ____19____ turn in the journey or a bad thing. During a recent long international trip, my youngest daughter’s airsickness struck again. We were ____20____ our choices after landing in San Francisco for an overnight layover (中途停留). When we stood in the middle of the terminal (航站楼), not only ____21____ how to get to our hotel, but also discussing whether or not we should just turn around and go home, a pilot ____22____ us. He quietly asked me if my 4-year-old was the passenger who had gotten ____23____ on the flight. I nodded, half afraid someone was going to tell us we now weren’t ____24____ to fly with her. Instead, he _____25_____ down to her level, opened up his bag and took out a pair of wings. While the captain was ____26____ her the wings, he kindly asked my young daughter how she was feeling. Like most young kids, sometimes she’s ____27____ about talking to strangers, but not this time. They _____28_____ for 60 seconds, but in those 60 seconds, she went from feeling bad and _____29_____ to walk around the airport to jogging to the airport hotel with a smile on her face. As the captain walked away, she _____30_____ and said, “He cared about me.” My daughter is still young, but she is old enough to feel _____31_____ when a pilot wants to check in on her. In that moment, the pilot was exactly the right one to make her feel better about flying. He _____32_____ our day by taking two minutes out of his. It’s often the _____33_____ stories that make the headlines, but small, heart-warming moments are still happening all around us. I’m _____34_____ to all in the travel industry—and beyond—that take those few minutes to make a world of ____35____. 16. A. lucky B. old C. energetic D. prepared 17. A. also B. even C. yet D. still 18. A. includes B. values C. matters D. offers 19. A. wrong B. timely C. sudden D. quick 20. A. doubting B. making C. quitting D. changing 21. A. pointing out B. learning about C. figuring out D. quarrelling about 22. A. approached B. examined C. appreciated D. discovered 23. A. hungry B. thirsty C. sick D. lost 24. A. led B. allowed C. advised D. expected 25. A. bent B. looked C. broke D. fell 26. A. taking B. handing C. opening D. flying 27 A. concerned B. confused C. shy D. curious 28. A. fighted B. hesitated C. waited D. chatted 29. A. refusing B. deciding C. hoping D. pretending 30. A. cried B. smiled C. nodded D. froze 31. A. awkward B. funny C. upset D. special 32. A. ruined B. saved C. displayed D. affected 33. A. love B. news C. horror D. comedy 34. A. attracted B. grateful C. opposed D. mean 35. A. misfortune B. mess C. wonder D. difference 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。作者小女儿的晕机症犯了，在机场航站楼，机长主动关心作者的小女儿，并送给她一对翅膀，这短短的两分钟化解了作者一家的困境，也让作者的小女儿开心了起来。 【16题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论你对旅行准备得有多充分，意外总会发生在路上，旅馆里，甚至在海洋中。A. lucky幸运的；B. old古老的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. prepared准备好的。由上文“When you travel, it’s inevitable (不可避免的) that things will go wrong.”可知，此处说明做了多么充分的准备(prepared)都还是会发生意外事故。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论你对旅行准备得有多充分，意外总会发生在路上，旅馆里，甚至在海洋中。A. also也；B. even甚至；C. yet然而；D. still仍然。根据上文“accidents happen on the road, at hotel”可知，意外发生在路上，在旅馆里，甚至（even）在海洋里，故选B。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，接下来发生的事情才是最重要的。A. includes包括；B. values看重，重视；C. matters重要，起作用；D. offers提供。根据上文中的 “It doesn’t matter how ____ you are for the trip”可知，接下来发生的事情才是最重要（matters）的。故选C。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论发生什么，可能就是旅途中的一个错误的（wrong）转弯或者一件坏事。A. wrong错误的；B. timely及时的；C. sudden突然的；D. quick快速的。根据空后的“or a bad thing”可知，意外可能是旅途中的一个错误的（wrong）转弯，也可能是一件坏事。故选A。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在旧金山转机过夜后我们开始怀疑（doubting）我们的选择。A. doubting怀疑；B. making制作；C. quitting放弃；D. changing改变。根据前文“my youngest daughter’s airsickness struck again.”可知，作者最小的女儿又晕机了，因此此处表示作者开始怀疑他们的选择。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们站在航站楼的中央，不仅要弄清楚如何去酒店，而且还在讨论我们是否应该转头回家，一个飞行员走向我们。A. pointing out指出；B. learning about了解；C. figuring out弄清楚；D. quarrelling about就……争吵。根据下文中 “ but also discussing whether or not we should just turn around and go home”可知，我们站在航站楼的中央，想要弄清楚（figuring out）如何去酒店。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们站在航站楼中间，不仅要弄清楚如何去酒店，而且还在讨论我们是否应该转头回家，一个飞行员走向我们。A. approached靠近，走向；B. examined考试，检测；C. appreciated欣赏，感激；D. discovered发现。根据下文中的 “He quietly asked me”可知，一名飞行员“走近（approached）”我们。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他悄悄地问我，我四岁的孩子是不是在飞机上感觉不舒服。A. hungry饥饿的；B. thirsty口渴的；C. sick不舒服的；D. lost走丢的。根据上文中的 “my youngest daughter’s airsickness struck again” 可知，此处sick与上文中的airsickness相呼应。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我点点头，有点害怕有人会告诉我们现在不允许再带她乘飞机。A. led带领；B. allowed允许；C. advised建议；D. expected期望。根据空前的 “half afraid someone was going to tell us we now weren’t...”可知，此处表示我有点害怕有人会告诉我们不允许再带她乘飞机。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。他弯下腰和她一样高，打开背包拿出一对翅膀。A. bent弯腰；B. looked看；C. broke弄断；D. fell落下。根据后文“down to her level”可知，此处表示他弯下腰，故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：机长把翅膀递给我的小女儿时，和蔼地问她感觉如何。A. taking拿走；B. handing递给；C. opening打开；D. flying飞行。根据上文中的“took out a pair of wings”可知，机长把翅膀递给我的小女儿，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像大多数小孩一样，她有时会羞于（shy）与陌生人说话，但是这次没有。A. concerned关心的；B. confused困惑的；C. shy害羞的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文中的 “Like most young kids”以及下文中的“talking to strangers”可知，像大多数小孩一样，她有时会羞于（shy）与陌生人说话。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们聊了60秒。A. fighted打架；B. hesitated由于；C. waited等待；D. chatted聊天。根据上文中的 “sometimes she’s ____ about talking to strangers” 可知，他们聊（chatted）了60秒。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在那60秒里，她从感觉不好、拒绝（refusing）在机场周围走动转变为面带微笑地慢跑去了机场酒店。A. refusing拒绝；B. deciding决定；C. hoping希望；D. pretending假装。and连接并列成分，根据空前的feeling bad可知，她感觉不好、拒绝（refusing）在机场周围走动。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当飞行员走开时，她笑着说：“他关心我”。A. cried哭；B. smiled微笑；C. nodded点头；D. froze僵住，冻住。根据上文的“with a smile on her face”可知，此处表示她笑着说，故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我女儿年龄很小，但是她已经足够大到机长来看她时，感觉到自己是特别的。A. awkward局促不安的；B. funny有趣的；C. upset生气的；D. special特殊的。根据上文“He cared about me.”可知，女儿已经能够感觉到自己是被特别对待的，故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：机长只抽出两分钟时间，但是却拯救了我们的一天。A. ruined毁掉；B. saved挽救；C. displayed展示；D. affected影响。根据上文中的 “the pilot was exactly the right one to make her feel better about flying”可知，这名机长用两分钟时间拯救了作者的一天，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：恐怖事件经常成为头条新闻，但是小的暖心的时刻却总在我们身边发生。A. love爱；B. news新闻；C. horror恐怖；D. comedy喜剧。根据空后的“but small, heart-warming moments are still happening all around us” 可知，上下文是转折关系，因此推断上文讲述的是恐怖（horror）故事经常成为头条新闻。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激旅游业的所有人，还有其他行业那些花几分钟时间来让世界变得不同的人。A. attracted被吸引的；B. grateful感激的；C. opposed反对的；D. mean吝啬的，刻薄的。根据上文“but small, heart-warming moments are still happening all around us”可知，作者很感激那些让世界变得不同的人，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很感激旅游业的所有人，还有其他行业那些花几分钟时间来让世界变得不同的人。A. misfortune不幸；B. mess乱；C. wonder奇迹；D. difference不同，差异。根据前文我感谢旅游业的人可知，是因为他们将世界变得不同。故选D。 第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题，每题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A It’s good to make mistakes, and here is why. First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new things. It’s always good to try new things because when you are trying new things you are growing. If you never try anything new, how can you improve? The simple answer is “You can’t”. Look around you. With very few exceptions, either everything you see in your physical world or every single detail of every single thing is the result of someone trying something new. Another good thing about mistakes is this: When you are making mistakes, you are learning. Consider this: Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the light bulb. When asked how it felt to fail so many times, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times, but rather had learned 10,000 things that didn’t work. Finally, when you make a mistake you are much closer to success. Why? Because when all is said and done, you will have tried some number of things before you succeed. Every time you make a mistake, you eliminate one of those things and are one step closer. But this all doesn’t mean that you should go ahead without considering the results of a mistake. Quite the contrary, when you try something new you have to be willing to set some reasonable limits so that in the event that it doesn’t work out the way you want it to, you will be in a position to try again. We all have limited resources in the form of time and money so don’t blow them all on one approach to a problem. Realize that it probably won’t be perfect for the first time and allocate (分配) these resources well so you can learn make corrections, and try it again. Only by accepting and using your mistakes in this way can you make significant advances in your business and your career. There is an old saying that goes, “If you’re not making mistakes, you’ re not trying hard enough.” So go ahead and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. And prosper (成功). 36. From the second paragraph, we can conclude that_________. A. mistakes are unnecessary for development B. we are afraid of trying new things C. it’s common for people to make mistakes D. mistakes are better than not trying 37. According to the article, one thing you should pay attention to about making mistakes is_________. A. avoiding making the same mistakes B. accepting the punishment willingly C. taking results into consideration D. trying things out one by one 38 The article is mainly about_________. A. how to deal with mistakes B. what benefits mistakes bring C. how to achieve success D. how to make use of your mistakes 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了犯错误的好处，包括尝试新事物、学习和接近成功。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“First of all, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new things. It’s always good to try new things because when you are trying new things you are growing. If you never try anything new, how can you improve? The simple answer is “You can’t”.(首先，犯错是你在尝试新事物的明确标志。尝试新事物总是有益的，因为在尝试新事物的过程中你会成长。如果你从不尝试任何新事物，又怎么能进步呢？简单的答案是：“你不能”)”可知，犯错意味着你在尝试新事物，而尝试新事物是成长和进步的必要条件，不尝试新事物就无法进步。 因此，我们可以得出结论，犯错误比不尝试要好。故选D。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“But this all doesn’t mean that you should go ahead without considering the results of a mistake. Quite the contrary, when you try something new you have to be willing to set some reasonable limits so that in the event that it doesn’t work out the way you want it to, you will be in a position to try again.(但这并不意味着你应该不顾后果地去尝试。恰恰相反，当你尝试新事物时，应该愿意设定一些合理的界限，以便在事情没有按你希望的方式发展时，你仍然有机会再次尝试)”可知，在尝试新事物时应该考虑结果，并设定合理的限制，也就是说在犯错时，你应该考虑结果。故选C。 【38题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段“It’s good to make mistakes, and here is why.(犯错是好事，原因如下)”可知，文章主要讨论了犯错误的好处，包括尝试新事物、学习和成长、接近成功等。因此，这篇文章主要是关于错误带来的好处。故选B。 B “Meet me in the conference room with the contracts and a cup of coffee,” my boss barked at me. “Ten minutes.” I didn’t respond. I stood still as if my shoes had been glued to the floor. I had no intention of taking a cup of anything to anyone, supervisor or not. I had seen with my own eyes what such behavior did to a woman. It happened to Mrs. Wilson next door. Old Mr. Wilson wouldn’t put in his own false teeth without his wife’s assistance, let alone make himself lunch. It was a miserable union. I vowed by age eight that I would never live like her. I adopted the motto: Don’t help those who won’t help themselves. I rushed to the file room and pulled my phone. I explained to my father what had happened and asked his advice on what to do only to be asked back. He must have forgotten the unwritten rule between us about not answering a question with a question. Fortunately, I came up with an idea that would have the best of both worlds. I took up the files and headed for the coffee pot. I took two cups and made two cups of coffee. Then I walked into the boss’ office with a cup of coffee in each hand. I handed my boss a cup of coffee and drank at the same time as him. “Let’s take a break,” partway through the meeting, my boss stood, saying, “I need more coffee.” I picked up my empty cup. “I do, too,” I said, and handed it to him across the table. “Thanks,” I added, looking at him expectantly. The boss was staggered for a moment, and then took the cup from me. When I finally left my boss’ office, I hid in the bathroom and called my dad. My father’s laughter on the phone made me feel even prouder. 39. Why does the author mention the Wilsons? A. To explain her unwillingness to serve the coffee. B. To picture what she will be like when she ages. C. To stress her opposition to inequality in society. D. To show how the couple grew old together. 40. What did the author mean by bringing two cups of coffee to meet the boss? A. She intended to play a trick on her mean boss. B. She planned to have the boss serve her later. C. She meant to share instead of serving. D. She wanted to save the trouble of doing it again. 41. What does the underlined word “staggered” mean in the sixth paragraph? A. Moved. B. Scared. C. Excited. D. Shocked. 42. What can we learn about the author from the text? A. She figured out how to show respect for her superior. B. She took a wise approach to stand up for herself. C. She found it practical to seek solutions from her father. D. She considered it significant to fight against men bravely. 【答案】39. A 40. C 41. D 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在不违背自己座右铭的前提下，完美地解决了老板要自己倒咖啡的事情。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“I vowed by age eight that I would never live like her. I adopted the motto: Don’t help those who won’t help themselves.(我八岁时就发誓，我永远不会像她那样生活。我采纳了这句座右铭：不要帮助那些不愿意帮助自己的人)”可推知，作者提到威尔逊一家是为了解释自己不愿意给老板倒咖啡的原因，这是因为她不想违背自己的座右铭。故选A。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Then I walked into the boss’ office with a cup of coffee in each hand. I handed my boss a cup of coffee and drank at the same time as him.(然后我走进老板的办公室，两只手各拿一杯咖啡。我递给老板一杯咖啡，和他同时喝)”可推知，作者带两杯咖啡去见老板是为了表明作者想要和老板一起喝咖啡，作者想要和老板分享而不是为老板服务。故选C。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段““Let’s take a break,” partway through the meeting, my boss stood, saying, “I need more coffee.” I picked up my empty cup. “I do, too,” I said, and handed it to him across the table. “Thanks,” I added, looking at him expectantly. The boss was staggered for a moment, and then took the cup from me.(“让我们休息一下，”会议进行到一半时，我的老板站起来说，“我需要再来一些咖啡。”我拿起我的空杯子。“我也是，”我说，然后把它递给桌子对面的他。“谢谢，”我补充道，期待地看着他。老板staggered一会儿，然后从我手里接过杯子)”可知，老板原本打算让作者去倒咖啡，没想到作者会把杯子递给自己，让自己去倒咖啡，这使得老板感觉震惊，推测划线单词staggered表示“震惊的”，与shocked同义。故选D。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Fortunately, I came up with an idea that would have the best of both worlds.(幸运的是，我想出了一个两全其美的主意。)”以及文章内容可知，作者想出了一个两全其美的主意，在不违背自己座右铭的前提下，完美地解决了老板要自己倒咖啡的事情，作者采取了明智的方法来维护自己。故选B。 C Human responses to moral dilemmas (道德困境) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users may undervalue the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot. Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场). The authors then presented 767 U.S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person’s life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers. Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read. However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments. The authors suggest that the possibility for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings. 43. What are ChatGPT’s answers to a certain moral stance? A. changeable. B. valuable. C. creative. D. simple. 44. What is learned about the participants? A. They admitted the power of ChatGPT. B. They were interviewed by a moral advisor. C. They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly. D. They were presented with different moral dilemmas. 45. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Different findings of the study. B. Future possibility for chatbots. C. Major focuses of future education. D. Solutions to the impact of chatbots. 46. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics. B. ChatGPT: Is It Likely to Affect Our Life? C. ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us So Nervous? D. ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments. 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场).(他们发现，ChatGPT会随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场)”可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回复不一致，是可改变的。故选A。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”可推知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chabots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.(作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们建议，未来的研究应该设计出要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题的聊天机器人)”可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。故选D。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Human responses to moral dilemmas (道德困境) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports.(发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响)”和倒数第二段中“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”可知，文章介绍了关于人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句影响的研究，介绍了研究开展的过程和发现，最后还提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。由此推知，D选项“ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断”是研究的主题，也是文章最佳标题。故选D。 D If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a second language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brainpower. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (灰质). This is the area of the brain which deals with information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的).” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists. 47. In the 2nd paragraph, the writer mentions exercise in order to_________. A. say language is also a kind of physical labor B. prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language C. to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language D. make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well 48. The underlined word “bilingual” probably means_________. A. a researcher on language learning B. a person who is good at learning foreign languages C. a person who can speak two languages D. an active language learner 49. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage? A. Bilinguals have greater grey matter density than those who speak only one language. B. The younger one starts to learn a second language, the more stupid he will be. C. The participants of Dr. Andrea’s team’s study are all bilinguals. D. Grey matter is an area in people’s brain only receiving information. 50. The main subject talked about in this passage is_________. A. science on learning a second language B. man’s ability of learning a second language C. language can help brain power D. language learning and maths study 【答案】47. D 48. C 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习第二语言能够增加大脑灰质密度，从而提高智力。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第二段中“According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brainpower. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which deals with information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. (根据英国一所大学的新研究，学习第二种语言可以增强你的脑力。研究人员发现，学习其他语言会改变大脑中的灰质，这是处理信息的脑区。这种情况类似于锻炼对肌肉的增强作用)”可推知，作者将学习语言与锻炼肌肉进行了类比，目的是说明学习语言对大脑灰质的积极影响。 因此，作者提到锻炼是为了让人们相信语言学习有助于大脑灰质更好地工作。故选D项。 【48题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文中画线词下文“who had learnt a second language before the age of five (在五岁之前就学会了第二种语言的人)”可知，“early bilinguals”是在五岁之前就学会了第二种语言的人，即早期双语者，从而推知，画线词“bilingual”指的是会说两种语言的人。故选C项。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. (扫描结果显示，双语者的脑内灰质密度大于那些不会第二种语言的人)”可知，双语者比只说一种语言的人有更高的灰质密度。故选A项。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，再通过文章第二段中“According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brainpower. (根据英国一所大学的新研究，学习第二种语言可以增强你的脑力)”以及第四段““Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. (“我们的研究结果表明，学习第二种语言的经历会改变大脑的结构，”科学家们说。这意味着这种变化本身就会提高学习的能力)”可推知，文章主要讨论了学习第二语言对大脑灰质的影响，以及这种影响如何提高人的智力。 因此，文章的主要主题是语言可以帮助提高智力。故选C项。 第Ⅱ卷(共25分) 第四部分：读写综合 第一节：单词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 根据首字母和句子意义填写单词，并根据语境、句法规则和构词法知识用其正确形式填空，使句子意义通顺完整。 51. In New Zealand, the Maori people still m_________ a strong cultural tradition with time changing rapidly. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】maintain##aintain 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：在新西兰，随着时代的快速变迁，毛利人仍然保持着强烈的文化传统。根据句意和副词still可知，毛利人仍然保持着强烈的文化传统，结合首字母提示，用动词maintain作谓语，意为“保持”，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语是people，谓语动词用复数形式。故填maintain。 52. We should consider all the details and make decisions according to s_________ conditions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】specific##pecific 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们应该考虑到所有细节，并根据具体条件做出决定。根据句意以及首字母，空处应填形容词specific“具体的”，修饰名词conditions。故填specific。 53. She was young and wearing student-type clothes so I a_________ she was studying here. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】assumed##ssumed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：她很年轻，穿着学生类型的衣服，所以我猜测她在这里学习。本空用动词assume“假设，猜测，认为”，根据空后的was可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式，故填assumed。 54. He made the whole speech without r _________ to the notes in front of him. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】referring##eferring##reference##eference 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在没有参考面前的讲稿的情况下完成了整个演讲。根据句意及首字母可知，空处应填refer“参考”，介词without后接动名词形式作宾语，或者填名词reference，作宾语。故填referring/reference。 55. He was full of c_________ about what he saw always asking questions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】curiosity##uriosity 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他对所见到的一切充满了好奇心，总是不停地提问。根据句意及首字母可知，空处应填名词“好奇心”curiosity，在句中作宾语，为不可数名词。故填curiosity。 56. Her painting skills are so i_________ that she has won several awards in national competitions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】impressive##mpressive 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她的绘画技巧令人印象深刻，在全国比赛中多次获奖。根据首字母以及“she has won several awards in national competitions”可知，她的绘画技巧令人印象深刻，以至于在全国比赛中多次获奖。impressive“令人印象深刻的”，符合语境，为形容词作表语。故填impressive。 57. The lecturer i_________ his point with a diagram on the blackboard. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】illustrated##llustrated 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：讲师在黑板上用图表来说明自己的观点。本空应用动词illustrate“说明”，描述的是过去发生的事情，因此时态用一般过去时态，谓语用过去式。故填illustrated。 58. The photos r_________ me of the beautiful schooldays in my teens. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】reminded##eminded 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：这些照片让我想起了我十几岁时美好的学校时光。根据句意及首字母提示可知，空格处应用动词remind“使想起”，本句描述过去的动作和状态，应用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填reminded。 59. The reason why I admire him is that his p_________ attitude to life has a great effect on me. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】positive##ositive 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我佩服他的原因是他对生活的积极态度对我有很大的影响。根据首字母提示“p”以及句意可知，形容词“positive”符合语境，意为“积极的”，作定语修饰空后名词attitude。故填positive。 60. After a heated a________, we finally reached agreement. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】argument##rgument 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过一场激烈的争论，我们最后达成了协议。分析可知空格处是宾语，要用名词作宾语，根据首字母和句意填argument。故填argument。 61. House prices have risen so s_________ in recent months that the government is considering new ways to deal with it. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】sharply##harply 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：近几个月来，房价急剧上涨，以至于政府正在考虑新的应对措施。根据句意及首字母，空处应填副词sharply“急剧”，修饰动词risen。故填sharply。 62. In front of us was an old tower m_________30 meters in height. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】measuring##easuring 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：在我们面前是一座30米高的古老塔楼。“was”为句子的谓语，空处是非谓语，结合句意“一座30米高的古老塔楼”以及首字母可知，空处填动词measure的现在分词形式作定语修饰名词“an old tower”，表示“高度为”。故填measuring。 63. Usually, a child’s behavior is a r_________ of his family environment. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】reflection##eflection 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：通常，一个孩子的行为反映了他的家庭环境。空处作表语，结合“of his family environment”和首字母提示可推知，名词reflection“反映，体现”符合题意，且空前有不定冠词a，reflection应用单数形式。故填reflection。 64. D_________all our efforts to save the factory, the authorities decided to close it. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】Despite##espite 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管我们竭尽全力挽救这家工厂，当局还是决定关闭它。根据首字母提示以及“the authorities decided to close it”可知，空处需要介词despite“尽管”，符合语境。故填Despite。 65. In no case should we s _________ economic development at the expense of the environment and nature resources. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】seek##eek 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：在任何情况下，我们都不应该以牺牲环境和自然资源为代价来谋求经济发展。“寻求”译为seek，In no case位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装，should提到主语we前面，空处应用动词原形。故填seek。 第二节：短语填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 根据句子意义选择适合该句的短语，并用其正确形式填空，使句子意义通顺完整。 make the most of take up settle for keep sth in mind in advance feed on brave the elements in particular be well-known for have a gift for turn to cut down make a fortune be familiar with be ashamed of be set in 66. That is a shameful behaviour and he should feel _________ what he has done. 67. With mountains and fields covered with heavy snow, it is the hardest time for animals and birds to find anything to_________. 68. We must _________ that we should respect different cultures and customs. 69. He left school early, determined _________ in New York, but he failed. 70. To catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi _________ and got up very early. 71. A large crowd _________ yesterday in the hope of seeing their favourite star. 72. The doctor strongly suggested my father _________ smoking for the sake (缘故) of his health. 73. Why _________ second best when you can have something better? 74. I have always been able to _________ my parents when I’ve had a problem. 75. After recovering from his illness, he was advised _________ gardening as a hobby. 【答案】66. ashamed of 67. feed on 68. keep in mind 69. to make a fortune 70. in advance 71. braved the elements 72. cut down 73. settle for 74. turn to 75. to take up 【解析】 【66题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：这是一种可耻的行为，他应该对他所做的感到羞愧。根据“a shameful behaviour”可知，他应该为他所做的可耻行为感到羞耻。be ashamed of“对……感到羞愧” 。空前的feel为系动词。故填ashamed of。 【67题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：随着山川田野被厚厚的积雪覆盖，这是动物和鸟类寻找食物最难的时期。空前为动词不定式to，所以空处需要动词短语。feed on“以……为食”符合语境。故填feed on。 【68题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我们必须记住我们应该尊重不同的文化和习俗。空处需要动词短语和空前的must构成句子的谓语动词。keep sth. in mind“记住某事”，本句话中的宾语为后面的that从句，构成keep in mind that…的结构，意为“记住……”，符合语境。故填keep in mind。 【69题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他早早辍学，决心去纽约发财，但失败了。根据“left school early”可知，他早早离开学校是为了去纽约发财。make a fortune“发财，挣大钱”，符合语境。(be) determined to do sth.“决心做某事”。故填to make a fortune。 【70题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预订了出租车，并很早就起床了。根据“To catch the early flight”可知，为了赶上早班飞机，提前预定了出租车。in advance“提前”，符合语境。故填in advance。 【71题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：昨天，一大群人不畏风雨，希望看到他们最喜欢的明星。根据“in the hope of seeing their favourite star”可知，一大群人不畏风雨去看自己喜欢的明星。brave the elements“不惧风雨”，符合语境。该动词短语在句中作谓语动词。根据时间状语yesterday可知，句子为一般过去时态。故填braved the elements。 【72题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：医生强烈建议我父亲为了健康减少吸烟。根据“smoking for the sake (缘故) of his health”可知，医生建议父亲减少吸烟。cut down“减少”，符合语境。空处作suggest的宾语从句的谓语动词。suggest后面的宾语从句需要用虚拟语气，结构为“should+动词原形”，should可以被省略。故填cut down。 【73题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：当你可以拥有更好的东西时，为什么要勉强接受次好的呢？根据“when you can have something better”可知，拥有更好的东西时，为什么要选择次好的呢。settle for“勉强接受”，符合语境。why后面接动词原形，用于提出简单直接的问题或质疑。故填settle for。 【74题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：当我有问题时，我一直能够向我的父母求助。根据“when I’ve had a problem”可知，当我有问题时，会向父母求助。turn to“向……求助”，符合语境。空前为动词不定式符号to，所以空处动词用原形。故填turn to。 【75题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：在他从疾病中恢复后，有人建议他把园艺作为爱好。根据“gardening as a hobby”可知，有人建议他把园艺作为爱好。take up“从事”，符合语境。be advised to do sth.“被建议做某事”。故填to take up。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $