Unit3 Fit for life Reading Language points 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

XB2 Unit 3 Language points 找出下列语块的中英文表达并熟记 (Para 1) 1.over the course of my career 2.wonderful scientific developments 3.同......一样具有颠覆性 4.genome editing 5.充满 6.scientific advance 7.share my excitement with you 在我的职业生涯中 了不起的科研成果 as game-changing as 基因编辑 be full of 科学进步 与你们分享我的兴奋 1.Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. 在我的职业生涯中，我见证过许多了不起的科研成果，但没有一项能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。 game-changing adj. 改变游戏规则的（全新的、颠覆性的 ） 翻译下列句子： 1)There is no doubt that artificial intelligence is game-changing to people’s life. _________________________________________ 2)The online classroom provides a game-changing and interactive learning environment. _______________________________________________________ 毫无疑问，人工智能在彻底改变人们的生活。 在线课堂提供了一个全新变化和互动的课堂环境。 找出下列语块的中英文表达并熟记 (Para 2) 1. as many of you may already know 2. 在做某事中起着重要的作用 3. shape our lives 4. 某人对...的天赋 5. 取决于 6. 一整套基因 7.一个细胞或一个生物体 正如你们当中许多人所知道的那样 play a critical role in doing sth 塑造我们的生命 one’s talent for depend on the complete set of genes a cell or a living being 找出下列语块的中英文表达并熟记 (Para 2) 8. determine one’s lifespan 9. affect one’s chances of contracting certain diseases 10. 让某人更有可能去做某事 11. 感染某种病毒 12. 患上某种特定类型的癌症 决定某人的寿命长短 影响某人患某种疾病的概率 make sb more likely to do sth catch a certain virus develop a particular form of cancer 3.It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. (L10-11) 它(基因组)还包含其他信息,这些信息有助于决定我们寿命的长短并影响我们患某些疾病的概率。 affect vt. 影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动 1>With the government's aid, those people affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 2>People were deeply affected by the news of the famous scientist Yuan Longping’s death. 3> The disease affects millions of people in the world every year. vt. 影响 vt.(感情上)深深打动;使悲伤(或怜悯等) vt. (疾病)侵袭,使感染 affect vt. 影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动 ----affection n. 喜爱;影响,疾病 ---affecting adj. 感人的,动人的 ---affected adj. 受到影响的;做作的;假装的 effect n. 效应,影响 vt.使发生,引起 have an effect on sth对…有影响= affect sth be (deeply) affected by 受…影响;被…侵袭;被…打动;为…悲伤 单句填空 1. There were many people who came to the _________(affect) area to help and volunteer.  2. What kind of education can be “meaningful” to young people affected ______conflict?  句式升级 3. Smoke affects the flow of blood to the brain. →Smoke ________________the flow of blood to the brain.  affected　 by has an effect on 2). contract vt. ① 感染疾病 ② vi & vt. 缩小,收缩 ③与…订立合同(契约) n. 合同，合约 a. Unfortunately, he contracted cancer at a very young age. 感染疾病 contract a disease / virus b. They have just contracted our company to build shelters for the homeless. c. You shouldn’t enter into/make a contract until you have studied its provisions carefully. 合同 enter into/ make/ sign a contract with sb与某人订立合同 d. New research shows that an excess(过量) of salt can contract muscles. 收缩 与…订立合同(契约) contract to do sth 签约干… 找出下列语块的中英文表达并熟记 (Para 3) an effective means of disease treatment and prevention 2. 允许某人做某事 3. make changes to sth 4. apply this technology to do sth 5. restore a blind person’s version 6. be born deaf 治疗和预防疾病的一种有效方式 allow sb to do sth 改变什么 把这项技术应用于… 恢复盲人的视力 天生耳聋 找出下列语块的中英文表达并熟记 (Para 3) 7. 阻止某人某物做某事 8.修正异常基因 9. serve as a new weapon 10.导致，引起，通往 11.根本变化 12.卫生保健方法 prevent sb from doing sth correct abnormal genes 作为一种新武器 lead to a fundamental change approaches to health care 4. Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (L14) 遗传学家一直在试图确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们相信基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的有效手段。 1). identify vt. 识别，辨认；发现；确认 identify sth/sb as… 认定某物/某人为… 拓展 identity n. IC, U]身份；特征 identity card n. [C]身份证 identification n. [U, C] 鉴定；[U]确认；身份证明 identical adj. 完全同样的 be identical to/ with.. 与…完全一样 单句填空 ①The early _________________(identify) of children with special educational needs is very important.  ②People who had identified themselves ______not wealthy were more likely to listen to and look at the stranger.  ③ Nowadays, everyone has an ________ card and the number on it is never _________ with the others. The police can _________who you are by it. (identify) 翻译：你需要明确自己的优势并专注于这些方面。 You need to identify your strengths and concentrate on them. identity identification identical identify as 2). relate vt. & vi. 联系,使有联系; 叙述,讲述 relate to 涉及;了解 relate...to... 把…和…联系起来 related adj.有关联的;有亲属关系的 be related to (doing sth) ...与… 有关;与…有亲属关系, relation n.关系;联系 relative adj.相对的 n.亲戚 in relation to 关于,涉及; 相对…而言 单句填空 ①It is difficult to relate his argument ______the facts.  ②He found it difficult to sustain good ____________(relate) with them. ③Let your expertise/ˌekspɜːˈtiːz/ (专长) in one field fuel your passions(激发你的激情 ) in all_________ (relate) areas.  完成句子 ④政府建议张贴与禁烟有关的标志。 Putting up signs ______ ____ _______ ___________was advised by the government.  to　 relationship　 related related to prohibiting smoking 5. Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (L14) 遗传学家一直在试图确定哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的有效手段。 means n. [C]方式，方法，途径 (单复数同形) means of (doing ) sth (做)某事的方法 by means of… 借助，依靠 by no means 决不，一点也不 ___________________ v. 意思是；意味着；意欲 adj. 吝啬刻薄的 ________n. 意思；意义 ____________adj. 意味深长的 meaning　 meaningful　 mean (meant, meant)　 特别提醒 means 单复数同形 means 作主语，被every，each 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式; 被all, several, many 等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。 All possible means have been tried, but not every means works. 所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但并不是每一种方法都奏效。 〝用这种方法"的表达还有： in this way with this method in this manner 翻译： a. He came first in the writing competition by means of hard work. 他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。 b. It is by no means accidental. 单句语法填空 (1). We are likely to finish the task ahead of time _____ means of our hard work. (2). The girl is overweight. She tries to lose weight by means of __________ (keep) a balanced diet. (3). All means _____________ (try ) so far to contact him but in vain. (4). ______ no means shall I make an apology to him. After all he was at fault. by 事出有因。 keeping have been tried By 找出下列语块的中英文表达并熟记 (Paras. 4-5 ) 1. 以一个飞快的速度 2. restrict sth to … 3. 禁止阻止某人做某事 4. increase human resistance to colds and flus 5. sharpen all of one’s senses 6. wrestle with sth 7. 弄明白 at a fast pace 限制…到… prohibit sb from doing sth 提高人体对感冒和流感的抵抗力 让某人的各种感官更加灵敏 全力解决某事，努力处理 figure out 找出下列语块的中英文表达并熟记 (Paras. 4-5 ) 8. keep sth from running wild 9. put sth in place 10. work to one’s advantage 11. be out of control 12. 毫无疑问 防止...失控 准备到位 对某人有利 失去控制 without doubt 6.As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 然而，随着这一项技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。 arise vi. ( arise- arose - arisen) (1)发生,出现,由...引起 同义词：occur (2) 起床，起立，起身 arise from= result from 因…产生 1). At high school, we usually arose at 5:30 a. m. and then went for a morning jog， 上高中时，我们通常早晨5:30起床,然后进行晨跑。 2). The fire arose from the loss of responsibility. 火灾源于责任的缺失。 7. Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases?（L26） 我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面? restrict vt. 限制, 限定; 束缚, 妨碍; 约束, 管束 restrict oneself/ sb to (doing) sth. 约束/管束某人 (做) 某事 restricted adj.有限的；受限制的；受控制的 be restricted to 局限于，限于 restriction n.限制，约束；限制法规 make restrictions on 对…有限制 语法填空： (1). He restricted himself to ________ (smoke ) five cigarettes a day. (2). In future we will restrict class sizes ____ 20 students. (3). There are ____________ on what you can bring into our school. (4). The competition ______________(restrict) to players under the age of 23.  smoking to restrictions is restricted 8. Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies? (line 27) 我们是否应该禁止遗传学家利用它来优化健康的身体？ prohibit vt. (尤指以法令）禁止；阻止，使不能 ≈ban prohibit/ban doing sth; 禁止做某事 prohibit/ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止/阻止某人做某事 prohibition n. [U] [(尤指通过法律的）禁止，阻止；[C]禁令，禁律 "禁止/阻止某人做某事"表达法总结：prohibit/ban>forbid>prevent ban sb. from ( doing) sth. keep sb. from doing sth. prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth. 1). 翻译： Smoking is strictly prohibited! 2). Please note that any ____________ (prohibit) items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life. 3) . Thankfully, effective measures have been taken by China and India to prohibit the Tibetan antelopes(藏羚羊) from ____________ (hunt) 4). The ____________ (prohibit) of using selfie sticks （自拍杆）will be added to the park rules posted on the official website. 5). 完成句子 I think it necessary to_____________________________________ ____________ (禁止游客与动物拍照). prohibited being hunted prohibit tourists from taking pictures with animals prohibition 严禁吸咽! 9. One day soon, we will be able to use genetic editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller... (L 29)不久的将来，我们将能够利用基因编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，让人变得更高… resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反抗 resistance to sb/sth 对...的反抗/抵抗力( to 是介词) resist v. 抵抗，抗拒 resist (doing ) sth. 抵制(做)某事 resistant adj. 抵制的；有抵抗力的 翻译：Jim found it hard to resist the temptation to sleep in class. 吉姆发现很难抗拒在课堂上睡觉的诱惑。 语法填空： (2). Tom couldn't resist __________ (show ) off his new car. (3). It's hard __________ (resist) an invitation like that. (4). There has been a lot of resistance _______ this new law. showing to resist to 10.There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing. 在基因组编辑这个主题上，仍有许多有待探索和辩论的地方。 此句的主干是：________________ to be explored and debated为________短语作__________,修饰代词much，与其逻辑主语much构成_____关系，所以用_______________,一般式表示_______的动作。 翻译：1).对于环境保护，还有许多有待思考和做的事情。 For environmental protection, there is still much to be thought about and done. 2).There are lots of people in the world to be helped to get rid of hunger, poverty and diseases. 世界上还有许多有待受帮助去摆脱饥饿、贫困和疾病的人。 There is still much. 不定式 后置定语 被动 不定式的被动式 将来 语法填空 As we all know, genes play a crucial role in shaping our lives. It helps determine how long we live and 1. _______(affect)our chances of contracting certain diseases. Geneticists believe genome editing is an effective means 2.____ treating and preventing diseases. In the near future, they hope to use the technology to treat 3.____ wide range of health problems. It could be used to restore a blind person's sight or to bring excellent hearing to the people 4. __________were born deaf , the new technology may even prevent the development of the disease by correcting 5 ._________(normal) genes. affects of a who/ that abnormal We will be able to use genome editing to increase the human 6. __________(resist) to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to make all their senses sharper, or to make 7. ________(they)smarter. However, we must find ways to prohibit the technology from running wild, which means 8._________(put) appropriate controls in place to ensure that genome editing will work to our advantage.There is still much 9 ._______________(explore) on genome editing. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the great 10.____________ (innovation) in the history of science. resistance them putting to be explored innovations 翻译下列句子： 1.应该禁止人们使用塑料袋以消除白色污染。（prohibit ... from） _______________________________________________________ 2.努力通往成功。(lead ... to) ________________________________________________________ 3.我们应该正确使用网络，让它对我们有利。(work to one’s advantage) _______________________________________________________ 4.我认为提高人们节约自然资源保护环境的意识是有必要的。(make +it+宾补+宾语 natural resource） ______________________________________________________ People should be prohibited from using plastic bags to remove white pollution. Hard work leads to success. We should use the Internet properly and make it work to our advantage. I think it necessary to increase people’s awareness of saving natural resources and protecting the environment . 1. 科学进步 2. 在…中起关键作用 3. 取决于；依赖；依靠 4. 使某人更有可能怎么样 5. 涉及，与…相关 6. 一种有效的治愈和预防疾病的方法 7. 把….应用到 8. 各种各样的 9. 恢复盲人的视力 10. 先天耳聋 11. 使做某事成为可能 12. 防止/阻止某人干某事 13. 作为抗击疾病斗争中的新武器 scientific advances（L4） play a critical role in (doing) sth(L6) make sb more likely to do sth(L12) relate to(L14) depend on(L7) an effective means of disease treatment and prevention(L15) a wide range/variety of(L18) restore a blind person’s vision(L19) be born deaf(L20) apply…to (L18) make it possible to do sth(L21) prevent sb from doing sth(L21-22) serve as a new weapon in the fight against disease(L23) 32 14.带来本质上的改变 15. 快速发展 16. 限制/限定为…… 17. 禁止某人做某事 18. 对...的抵抗（力） 19. 努力处理；全力解决 20. 道德伦理问题 21. 弄清楚，明白 22. 阻止...疯狂发展 23. 让...准备就绪 24. 对...有利 25. 涉及……时(para5) 26. 在整个医学界 27. 无疑 lead to a fundamental change（L23） develop at a fast pace(L25) restrict sth to ...(L27) prohibit sb from doing sth(L27) resistance to sth(L29) wrestle with sth= struggle to deal with sth(L34) moral issues(L34) figure out(L35) keep sth from running wild(L35) put …in place(L35-36) to one’s advantage(L36-37) without doubt(L42) throughout the entire medical community(L41) on the subject of(L39) 33 ..., but none are as game-changing as genome editing.(L4) 2. As many of you may already know, ...(L6) 3. Geneticists have been trying to identify ..., as they believe ... (L14) 4. Genome editing, serving as a new weapon... (L22) 5. As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, .... (L 25) 6. Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 7. Child as he is，he knows a lot. 5. 连词，时间状语从句, 有“随着”的含义。 6. 连词，方式状语从句,按照,“以……的方式” 7. 连词，让步状语从句，“尽管， 虽然”，必须构成倒装。 1. as +adj/adv+as 副词,“和...一样...” 2. As（关系代词）引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。 3. 连词，原因状语从句,“因为” 4. 介词，“作为” as主要有两种词性，分别为介词和连词。as作为介词时，用法和语义较单一，其含义为“作为”。但是as作为连词词性时，其用法和功能较多，可以引导各类从句，如定语从句和多种状语从句。 34 as的用法 (1).as作连词，引导以下几种从句： ①原因状语从句，“由于”； ②时间状语从句，“随着”，“一边……一边”，“当……时”； ③让步状语从句，“尽管，虽然”，必须使用倒装，即把从句中的 表语、状语或谓语动词的一部分提至as前。 ④方式状语从句，“按照, 以…的方式 ” ⑤ as作关系代词，引导定语从句，“正如” (2). as作介词，意为“作为；如同”。 (3). as作副词，接连接词as，“as+ 形容词/副词原型 + as ”， 意为“同 样地” 。 引导定语从句时的常见用法： as we all know/ as is known to all 正如我们大家知道的那样 as you see 正如你看到的 as we can imagine 正如我们设想的那样 as is reported/expected...... 正如报道的/预料的那样 as is often the case(with...) 通常就是这样 1)正如大家知道的那样，运动让我们健康快乐。 _____________________________________________ 2)Boys are good at science courses while girls have a talent for language courses, as is often the case. ____________________________________________________________ As we all know, exercise makes us healthy and happy. 通常情况就是这样，男孩子擅长于科学科目，而女孩子们有学习语言的天赋。 a. With our society growing older, we need the contributions of our older citizens. →_________________________, we need the contributions of our older citizens. b. Although it was raining heavily outside, they started out very early. →_________________________________，they started out very early. c. It is known to all that a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. →________________，a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. d.当我在公交站点等车的时候，我偶遇了老朋友们。 _____________________________________________________________ As our society grows older Heavily as it was raining outside As we all know As I waited at a bus stop，I ran into/came across my old friends. Practice makes perfect. 2.I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today. 我对这项科学进步能够带来的可能性满怀兴奋，并且希望在今天与各位分享这份兴奋之情。 这个句子中有几个主谓的句子结构？连接词有哪些？ 1) I am full of excitement about the possibilities. 2) This scientific advance can bring the possibilities. 3) I hope to share my excitement with you today. ★ 连接词and连接_____________；this scientific advance can bring为_________从句，省略了从句的连接词___________ 两个并列句 定语 that/ which 辨析比较： arise/ arose/ arisen vi. 发生，出现；由...引起 rise/ rose/ risen vi. 升起，上升 raise/ raised/ raised vt. 举起；提出(问题)；饲养，抚养；筹集 raise one's awareness of... 提升某人的……意识 语法填空： 1).The price of vegetable ______________ (rise) sharply since last month. 2).The problems _______ (arise) from the generation gap led to the quarrel. 3)._______(raise) in a poor and single-parent family, the boy is shy and sensitive. 4).He recognized that most of his mistakes arose _______nervousness in the exam. 5). She _______ (raise ) her head and stared at them. has risen arising Raised from raised $$