专题05 阅读理解之说明文（期末真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（浙江专用）

专题05 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Imagine if there were a robotic fish that filtered microplastic out of the water as it swam. Well, now there is one, and it’s the physical version of the winning concept in the first-ever Natural Robotics Contest. Announced this May, the University of Surrey’s Natural Robots Contest invited members of the public to give their concepts for animal—or plant-inspired robots capable of performing activities that would help the world. Plans called for experts from various British and European research centers to select what they thought was the best concept, which would then be made into a real robot. Engineers would proceed to further develop the technology. The winning concept turned out to be the plastic-collecting Robo-fish, designed by chemistry student Eleanor Mackintosh—who is a University of Surrey student. Mackintosh said, “Fish’s gills are an incredible mechanism in nature that are specialized to filter oxygen into the bloodstream—so I adapted my design from that, with the purpose of dealing with the plastic pollution in the water.” The robot swims by moving its tail, holding its mouth wide open to-collect water and microplastics in its belly as it does so. Once that cavity is full, the robot closes its mouth, opens its gills, and pushes the water out through. A fine net attached to the gill flaps allows the water to pass through, but captures the microplastic. In its current physical form, the 50-cm-long Robo-fish collects microplastic as small as 2 millimeters. It also uses sensors to monitor underwater environment, plus it tracks its movements within the water. Future robots could capture much smaller particles. Other possible improvements include a faster body shape, a more powerful tail, and the ability to swim autonomously. 1．How do the participants attend the Natural Robotics Contest? A．By handing in real robots. B．By sending the concepts of robots. C．By selecting the best robot concepts. D．By developing the technology of robots. 2．What inspired Mackintosh to design the robot? A．The enthusiasm for robots. B．The function of fish’s gills. C．The body shape of the fish. D．The plastic pollution in the water. 3．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 5? A．How the robotic fish works in water. B．How the robotic fish is further improved. C．Why Mackintosh’s robot won the contest. D．What materials the robotic fish is made of. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The First Bio-Inspired Robotics Contest B．The One-Size-Fits-All Solution to Plastics C．An Autonomously Operative Robotic Fish D．A Student-Designed Plastic-Collecting Fish （二） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Learning any language is hard, but learning English can be especially challenging. Why? Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never describe. In particular, words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads. Here’s an example: You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what exactly is a wazzock? This word, in fact, means a foolish person, although there’s nothing about it that would help you guess that. There are many strange terms like this in British English — the Oxford English Dictionary would be much smaller without these odd usages filling its pages. How can these odd words be explained? Part of the answer is the British sense of humor. Britons don’t like to take things too seriously, and this is evident through many British words and phrases. For example, to “spend a penny” means to use the bathroom. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public toilet. In an interview for the BBC’s website, British linguist David Crystal suggested there may be historical reasons for the large number of odd words and phrases in British English. He thinks that they began in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This was a great age for the theater, when Shakespear e and other writers worked hard to keep up with the demand for new plays. The theater’s popularity also created an incentive to invent new words. With this in mind, perhaps Shakespeare and his peers are to blame for unusual British words such as “codswallop” and “balderdash” — which both, mean “nonsense”. While these strange words may be confusing to non-native speakers, they certainly make studying English a lot more interesting. 5．According to the text, why may non-native speakers find it more challenging to learn English? A．Dictionaries are too complicated to understand. B．The English vocabulary is too large for them to learn. C．A large number of strange expressions confuse them. D．The English textbooks they use are usually out of date. 6．With the example of “the Oxford English Dictionary” in Paragraph 2, the author intends to . A．stress the large number of strange terms B．explain the origin of the strange phrases C．show British people’s attitude towards odd phrases D．show the usefulness of the Oxford English Dictionary 7．Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 4? A．concern B．inspiration C．application D．opinion 8．What is the tone of the author in writing the article? A．Aerious. B．Anxious. C．Indifferent. D．Humorous. （三） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）For adults, communicating in our first language feels easy and natural. Yet learning language is a complex process that is influenced by several factors. When young children are beginning to learn language, some influences, such as the amount of speech a child hears and the amount of time they spend in back-and-forth language interactions with others, have what may appear to be obvious connections to language learning. Perhaps less obvious is that children’s own physical experiences with their environment help them learn new words. In new research in the cognitive (认知的) sciences, we investigated how this Is the case by considering how children learn words that refer to something they can touch, grasp and interact with. We asked parents to rate how easily a child can physically interact with the object, idea or experiences that a word refers to. We found words that refer to objects that are easy for children to interact with are also words that are learned at an earlier age. For instance, a word such as spoon is usually learned earlier than a word such as sky. And this relationship remains even when we consider other things that can affect word learning, such as how common a word is in everyday language. Words such as spoon and sky are both relevant to everyday life, and so children will probably hear those words quite early in their development. One difference between them is that spoon refers to something they can touch, grasp and interact with, whereas sky does not. Our findings agree with those of studies where babies wore small head-mounted body cameras to record their interactions with objects. Those studies show that the children’s own physical experiences helps them learn new words. For instance, in one study researchers found that 18-month-old babies were more likely to learn the-name of a new object when they held that object, and less likely to learn the name if their parent held the new object. Another study found that 15-month-olds who spent more time using new objects had learned more nouns by the time they were 21 months old. 9．What is the aim of the new research? A．To study how a baby interacts with everyday objects. B．To find out what influences a baby’s language learning. C．To investigate how a baby learns names of everyday objects. D．To see if babies’ physical experiences help them learn new words. 10．Which of the following might a baby learn at an earlier age? A．Sky. B．Heart. C．Milk. D．Leaf. 11．What can we infer about the author? A．A parent. B．A professor. C．A researcher. D．A journalist. 12．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To further support their finding. B．To summarize the research result. C．To point out new research directions. D．To introduce results of other findings. （四） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress. On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness. Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes in the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes. We should embrace our heritage through our traditional food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such. 13．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article? A．To show national identity. B．To help motivate homesickness. C．To reflect a country’s history. D．To show a community’s superiority. 14．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The national culture. B．The specific traditional food. C．A traditional expression of food. D．The old-fashioned taste. 15．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant? A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes. B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil. C．To present their own food culture in a new way. D．To make the dishes popular among customers. 16．What's the author’s attitude towards different food cultures? A．Negative. B．unfair. C．Positive. D．Opposed. （五） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Just when you thought you were taking care of your health by eating enough fruit and vegetables every day, new research has come out revealing that you might be swallowing microplastic particles (颗粒) along with all those vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A groundbreaking study published in the journal Environmental Research has found that fruits and vegetables absorb microplastic particles from the soil and move them through vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred to human bodies. The researchers, who are from the University of Catania in Italy, as well as Sousse and Monastir universities in Tunisia, analyzed a variety of common fruits and vegetables —carrots, lettuce, broccoli, potatoes, apples, and pears. These were chosen for the fact that they are frequently consumed, usually one per day, which allowed the researchers to better assess the dietary intakes of MPs (microplastic particles) and NPs (nano-plastics). The samples were purchased from different sources in the city of Catania, including a small fruit vendor and a supermarket. The researchers found that apples, followed by pears, were the most polluted fruit samples, and carrots were the most polluted vegetable. In the study’s discussion section, the authors wrote, “We can assume that the fruits contain more MPs not only because of the very high vascularization (血管化) of the fruit pulp (果肉) but also due to the greater size and complexity of the root system and age of the tree (several years) compared to the vegetables (60-75 days for the carrot).” This study is important because it's the first to detect microplastics in fruits and vegetables. They have been found in other sources before, such as sea salt, beer, water (bottled, in particular), shellfish, sugar, soil, and even air, but never inside fresh produce. It’s an alarming discovery that raises yet another red flag about microplastic pollution in the natural environment. It’s an area that will likely see a lot more attention in coming years, with the study authors calling for further research into the question of microplastic and whether it harms the health of both plants and humans. 17．What is the study mainly about? A．The main cause and influence of soil pollution. B．The microplastic pollution in fruits and vegetables. C．The benefits of daily fruits and vegetables consumption D．The great changes in people's dietary habits. 18．What may cause fruits to contain more MPs according to the authors? A．The age of root system. B．The huge size of fruit tree roots. C．The complex preservation method. D．The large amounts of the fruit pulp. 19．What do the study authors think of the research on microplastic? A．It needs to be further studied. B．It wasted them quite a lot of time. C．It has caused harm to health. D．It has attracted attention to diets. （六） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the last paradise (天堂) on earth. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays, over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife, and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation (开采) of precious trees and plants. Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people. The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 20．The example of Nepal is used to suggest _______. A．its natural resources are untouched B．its forests are exploited for farmland C．it develops well in health and education D．it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists 21．What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4? A．They are happy to work their own lands. B．They have to please the tourists for a living. C．They have to struggle for their independence. D．They are proud of working in multi-national organizations. 22．The author’s attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is _______. A．optimistic B．doubtful C．objective D．negative （七） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末）A group of researchers has come up with a way to make it easier to drive in the snow: by designing tyres(轮胎)based on polar bear paws. “We had an ongoing project for many years focused on ice,” said Ali Dhinojwala, who took part in the research. “We were looking at the friction(摩擦力)of materials because our national partners need to develop tyres with a strong grip on the road in ice and snow conditions.” The team turned to nature for inspiration, thinking that evolution might have already solved the problem in a way that could be copied with technology. The obvious place to look was polar bears—specifically the tiny bumps(凸块)on the surface of their paw pads—to find out what effect they have on the animals’ ability to move quickly across icy and snowy area. To do this, the team gathered samples(样本)of polar bear paw pads, as well as samples from brown bears and American black bears(two species closely related to polar bears)and sun bears(a distantly related species, typically found in Asia). The team imaged the samples using a scanning electron microscope, produced 3D-printed copies and then tested them in snow in the lab. They found that the tiny structures on the polar bear paw pads were taller, which gave them better friction on the snow, even though polar bears have smaller pads compared to other bears. The team now wants to look into other factors that may have an effect, such as the patterns and shapes of the tiny structures. “If you look at snow tyres you’ll see that they do have some deeper treads(外胎花纹), but this research could also show various ways to design them that could have a larger impact,” said Dhinojwala. 23．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Polar bears. B．Tiny bumps. C．Paw pads. D．Snowy roads. 24．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The background of the research. B．The finding of the research. C．The differences of samples in the lab. D．The comparison of different bear pads. 25．What can we infer from Dhinojwala’s words in the last paragraph? A．Different treads might be designed on the snow tyres. B．Snow tyres that have deeper treads can be safe enough. C．The design of snow tyres requires no further improvement. D．The researchers should have turned to other bears for inspiration. 26．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．An easier way to drive in the snow B．An ongoing project focused on ice C．Snow tyres based on polar bear paws D．A new research on polar bear paw pads （八） （23-24高一上·浙江金华·期末）These days, tourism is back in full swing. An increasing number of people prefer to take a break from big city life and start exploring those harder-to-reach towns. Paraty, Brazil Paray is a bays de town halfway between Rio and Sao Paulo. Here, life moves at the pace of a horse-and-cart moving across the road (no cars allowed in the historic Old Town). The boats in the harbor are not just there to look good. Pick your favorite and set sail for a deserted island beach nearby. Avignon, France One of the most recognizable historic towns is found in the south-eastern part of France. The Palace of the Popes here defines the city and is the city and is visible from a far. It once housed Europe’s largest library, and became a hotbed for thinkers, philosophers, composers, and musicians. Now it is protected by UNESCO as a world heritage site. Four million tourists visit Avignon every year to explore the ancient architecture. Sakrisoy and Reine, Norway This pair of tiny finishing villages sit far, far north. Admittedly, they are a bit of pain to reach: The long (but beautiful!) journey there will require some combination of one or two fights, a bus or a boat. If you can make it that far, though, you’ll be rewarded with some of the most impressive scenery on Earth. Look out across the mountains from the hike or enjoy the Northern Lights. Old San Juan, US The oldest settlement in the country was founded in the early 16th century. Today everything here is colorful: the houses differ in color and style and even the pavements are made of the blue bricks, making it a very attractive and amusing place. 27．What can visitors do in Avignon, France? A．Take a boat trip. B．Enjoy the Northern Lights. C．Admire ancient architecture. D．Explore the largest library in the world. 28．Which destination is the least convenient to reach? A．Paraty, Brazil. B．Avignon, France. C．Sakrisoy and Reine, Norway. D．Old San Juan, US. 29．Where can the text most probably be found? A．In a wellness book. B．In a travel magazine. C．In an adventure guide. D．In a geography textbook. （九） （23-24高一上·浙江嘉兴·期末）With their beautiful feathers, roosters might be forgiven for secretly taking quick looks in the mirror—especially as research now suggests the birds may be able to recognise themselves. The ability to recognise oneself in the mirror has so far been found in a handful of animals, including elephants, dolphins, and certain fish and birds. Sonja Hillemacher, one of the authors of the study at the University of Bonn, said animals that can recognise themselves in a mirror often seemed to have more advanced cognitive abilities, and that there was a link to social and emotional wisdom, as well as self-awareness. “This ability is a basic aspect of cognition. It is also important for us,” she said. Writing in the journal Plos One, Hillemacher and her colleagues note that roosters tend to call out to their fellow chickens if they see a threat. If a rooster is alone, however, it does not usually raise the alarm as it could draw the enemy’s attention. In the experiment, the team placed a rooster in an indoor space and then placed a mirror, or another rooster, or nothing. The team then showed the image of a flying hawk (鹰) onto the ceiling in the space. The results from 58 roosters found that the birds made far more alarm calls when they could see another rooster nearby, with 1.33 alarm calls per bird on average over three tests, than when alone (0.29 calls on average) or faced with the mirror (0.43 calls on average). In the follow-up experiment, the team found a similar reduction in calls when they placed a second rooster out of sight behind the mirror. The team said the findings suggest the birds did not regard their reflection as another rooster, even when there was also the presence of smell and sound of a second bird, which proves that roosters may recognise themselves in a mirror. 30．What does the new study led by Sonjn Hillemacher show? A．Only a few animals can recognise themselves in a mirror. B．Some animals have cognitive abilities similar to humans. C．Roosters will enjoy their own beauty when looking in a mirror. D．Roosters may have the ability to recognise themselves in a mirror. 31．What is the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To stress the importance of the research. B．To provide the scientific basis for the research. C．To explain reasons for carrying out the research. D．To offer details of the preparation for the research. 32．What do we know about how the experiments were conducted? A．A flying hawk was put in an indoor space. B．A second rooster was placed near a mirror. C．Different conditions were set to test the roosters. D．Separate areas were needed to group the roosters. 33．How did the roosters react in the experiments? A．They made only a bit more alarm calls with a second rooster in sight. B．They made fewer alarm calls when faced with a mirror than when alone. C．They made more than one alarm call in each test with another rooster in sight. D．They made similarly fewer alarm calls when another rooster was hidden nearby. （十） （23-24高一上·浙江嘉兴·期末）Choosing a hotel, restaurant or new product can be a difficult task. There’s so much on offer, and making a mistake can be expensive. This is why many people turn to online reviews—opinions and information written by people who have used a service or bought a product. But can we trust them? About 70% of Americans say they believe online user reviews. According to experts, this is because when we read a review by another consumer, we feel like we’re getting a personal recommendation from a friend. But a recent study shows that about one third of online reviews are fake. Apparently, companies are so desperate for good reviews that they’ve started to “play” the system. So, how do they do it? One trick is to give positive reviews to your own product or service. Best-selling writer RJ Ellory was recently caught writing 5- starreviewso fhisownbooksonAmazon.com. Using a pen name, he called one of his books a “modern masterpiece (杰作)” and said another would “touch people’s hearts”. RJ also wrote negative reviews of his competitors’ books. Another trick is to “buy” good reviews. Last year, the Cove Hotel in Cornwall was caught giving guests discounts if they wrote “honest but positive” reviews on TripAdvisor. The trick worked—one guest called The Cove “a dream comes true”. Some people are even making a living by writing favourable reviews. In 2010, American Todd Rutherford started GettingBookReviews.com. For $99, Todd would write a positive review of your book on Amazon.com; and for $999, he’d write 50 reviews. So, how can you tell a fake review? First, if the reviewer uses lots of highly positive language, it’s probably fake, Secondly, if the review reads like an advertisement, it probably is an ad. And finally, if the review is negative but also speaks highly of a competitor, it might have been written by that competitor. 34．The author introduces the topic of the text in paragraph 1 by ______. A．discussing some questions B．describing a common situation C．presenting different opinions D．analyzing a specific example 35．What does the underlined word “fake” in paragraph 2 mean? A．False. B．Fair. C．Honest. D．Disappointing. 36．What can we learn from paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? A．Positive reviews can touch people’s hearts. B．Companies use the reviewing system to their advantage. C．Many hotels pay guests to write positive reviews for them. D．Writing reviews is a major source of income for Internet users. 37．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Features of some types of online reviews. B．Reasons behind choices of online reviews. C．Suggestions on how to judge online reviews. D．Ways to tell positive online views from negative ones. （十一） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Each year, the discovery of new shark species underlines how little we know about ocean biodiversity. In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious. The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. These extremely small fossils provide a rich record of ancient oceanic sharks and their abundance for thousands of years. By studying fossils from many regions, the diversity patterns can give major insights into evolution (进化) of the open sea that would be otherwise unknown. Sibert and Rubin quantified(量化)a past extinction of sharks, reporting a 90% decline in number and >70% drop in diversity. They found that nearer-shore sharks appear to survive, but migratory ones go extinct. The finding of this study is that sharks had undergone a widespread extinction that reorganized their communities from 16 million to 20 million years ago. Sibert and Rubin narrowed the disappearance of sharks to a window of time under 100,000 years around 19 million years ago, but the causes of this event remain unclear. Because this time period does not stand out as a period of major climatic change, the authors do not attribute(归因于) environmental factors as an extinction driver. As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing. The loss of sharks from the oceans has profound, complex, and unavoidable ecological consequences because their presence reflects the stability of marine ecosystems. Yet, one-quarter of the global diversity of sharks is currently threatened with extinction. Despite recent improvements in conservation actions, shark communities never recovered from a mysterious extinction event 19 million years ago; the ecological fate of what remains is now in our hands. 38．What did Sibert and Rubin find? A．The negative impact of the extinction of sharks. B．The mysterious reasons behind the disappearance of sharks. C．The most recent advances in the study of the largest ecosystem. D．The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago. 39．How did Sibert and Rubin conduct their study? A．By collecting and analyzing shark fossils worldwide. B．By quantifying the movement of near-shore sharks. C．By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks. D．By keeping track of ancient oceanic sharks and their activities. 40．According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A．Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity. B．The number of sharks has recovered to its previous level. C．Scientist have figured out the exact causes of sharks’ extinction. D．Sharks had undergone a widespread extinction due to the climate change. 41．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Sharks: The Stories behind Them B．Sharks: The Marine Masters C．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood? D．Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction （十二） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says. Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed. Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic. 42．What is special about Earth. Food. Love? A．It gives away boxes of food. B．It is a store without plastic bags. C．It has few new customers. D．It is the UK’s first supermarket. 43．What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place? A．Its popularity. B．Its products. C．Its profits. D．Its similarity. 44．What does the underlined word “contamination” in last paragraph mean? A．Pollution. B．Acceptance. C．Influence. D．Application. 45．What is the text mainly about? A．The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements. B．Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns. C．A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK. D．Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention. （十三） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Computer-generated (产生) writers…writing computer-generated stories? Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence (AI) age. The once-powerful media company said it was firing a company that produced articles for its website written by writers who clearly don’t exist. This week, the Futurism website reported that Sports Illustrated used stories written by writers it could not identify. Upon questioning Sports Illustrated, Futurism said all of the writers with Al-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. No explanation was offered. Futurism quoted (引用) an unnamed person at the magazine who said AI was used in the creation of some content as well—“no matter how much they say that it’s not.” Sports Illustrated said the articles in question were created by a third-party company, AdVon Commerce, which made the magazine believe that they were written and edited by humans. AdVon had its writers use a pen name, “actions we don’t agree on,” Sports Illustrated said. Earlier this year, experiments with AI went wrong at media companies. Many companies are testing the new technology at a time when human workers fear it could cost jobs. But it doesn’t work in journalism, which builds and markets its values-based products on truth. “Although there’s nothing wrong in media companies’ experimenting with AI, the mistake is in trying to hide it,” said Tom Rosenstiel, a University of Maryland professor who teaches journalism ethnics (新闻道德). “If you want to be in the truth-telling business, you shouldn’t tell lies,” Rosenstiel said, “A secret is a form of lying.” 46．What can we learn about Sports Illustrated according to Paragraph 2? A．It was an honest media company. B．AI might do harm to its good name. C．It fired a company started at an AI Age. D．Al made it the latest technology company. 47．Why did the Futurism question Sports Illustrated? A．Because Sports Illustrated used the same writers to create stories. B．Because AI-generated stories were used on the magazine’s website. C．Because Sports Illustrated quoted an unnamed person at the magazine. D．Because AI-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. 48．Which “cost” below is in the closet meaning to the “cost” in the last paragraph? A．This dictionary cost him 10 dollars. B．The house cost my aunt an arm and a leg. C．Such behaviour could cost you your place in the team. D．I didn’t get my dream sports shoes because they cost a lot. 49．What might be the best title for the text? A．Media Companies that Use AI Tool. B．Writing Computer-generated Stories. C．Al Writing Ruining Media Company’s Fame. D．Firing Companies that Produce Al-written Stories. （十四） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）A wildlife photographer was waiting, hoping to get a shot of a relatively rare bird, a particular kind of heron(鹭). He’d waited several frustrating hours in the woods, but with no luck at all. Suddenly, to the photographer’s delight, a heron settled on a branch right in front of him. The photographer raised his camera and took the shot. Feeling particularly pleased, the photographer looked at the image. To his astonishment, he saw that behind the heron, his photograph had also captured a very, very rare woodpecker flying past. He hadn’t seen it, but without even trying, he’d photographed an even rarer bird than the one he was aiming for. This is an example of serendipity. Cases of serendipity can be found in numerous fields, such as science. Back in the 1800s, a man called Wellswas at a demonstration (演示) of laughing gas. After being given the gas, the patient started laughing, as expected. But then he suddenly fell over and cut his le g rather badly. To everyone’s surprise, the man reported that he couldn’t feel any pain. Wells hadn’t been looking for it, but he’d made a medical discovery — certain gases reduce and can even almost eradicate pain. Had Wells not been there that night, anesthesia (麻醉) might have taken longer to be discovered. Most of us can probably think of at least one example of serendipity in our own lives. Jane, a friend of mine,was trying to come up with an idea for an article but got completely stuck. Frustrated, she decided to go out to a local café. As she was sipping her coffee, she heard two people talking behind her. A man was telling a story that sounded so unbelievable that she knew it had to be true. She asked the people if she could interview them for the article. They agreed and her article turned out to be one of the top trending articles of the week. 50．The word “serendipity” in paragraph 1 means the fact of __________. A．observing rare birds in person B．achieving important aims in time C．finding valuable things by chance D．taking interesting photos by mistake 51．What surprised Wells at the demonstration? A．The gas’s hidden damage. B．The gas’s pain-killing effect. C．The patient’s scientific discovery. D．The patient’s balance-losing moment. 52．Why did Jane go to the café? A．To take a break. B．To meet a friend. C．To write an article. D．To do an interview. 53．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain a concept. B．To promote a culture. C．To introduce a person. D．To recommend a method. （十五） （23-24高一上·浙江绍兴·期末）If exercise seems like a great idea but you can never keep up a routine, it’s worth thinking about your exercise “mindset” — defined by psychologists as attitudes that shape our behaviour and reality. Research evidence is mounting that identifying some of our most habitual beliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones can revive our ability to keep ourselves healthy. “Whether they’re true or not, mindsets have an effect,” says Dr. Alia Crum. “They change what we pay attention to, what we’re motivated to do, how we feel emotionally about what we’re doing and what we decide to prioritize (优先处理).” For instance, maybe you’ve tried to shame or scare yourself into going to the gym by reconsidering the health risks of not moving. Or perhaps you’ve aimed to get active by thinking of the long-term positive aspects of exercise: exercising regularly is 1.5 times more effective than taking medicine in easing depression, stress and anxiety. In contrast, thinking about exercise in all-or-nothing terms — “I need at least 30 minutes or there’s no point” — is the enemy of consistency. You want to use the mindset that “any and all movement is worth it, and everything counts,” says Dr. Michelle Segar, a researcher at the University of Michigan. Even a quick walk in the middle of a busy day is good for your well-being. If that doesn’t agree with your perfectionist tendencies (倾向), consider whether those tendencies have worked for you. Though strict standards may help some people, for many others they backfire, creating a cycle of failure. Besides bringing flexibility (灵活性) to how you view your movement, changing your “why” for getting active can also help keep up motivation. Rather than seeing workouts as a way to lose weight, it can help to focus on more immediately pleasant reasons to do it, like clearing your mind or feeling less stressed. Regarding the process of exercise as something that’s attractive makes a difference. The key is to focus on the pleasure that exercise can bring, and then pick an activity that is actually rewarding. 54．What’s the writing purpose of paragraph 1? A．To give a general description of mindset. B．To explain people’s confusion over mindset. C．To investigate the reasons for habitual behaviors. D．To stress the importance of adapting exercise mindset. 55．What can be learned about Alia Crum’s point of view? A．Everything matters in promoting one’s health. B．Mindsets affect one’s motivation and decision to act. C．It’s a good idea to make an exercise plan more flexible. D．It’s necessary to take some enjoyable and valuable exercise. 56．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in paragraph 3? A．Strict standards require people to work out every day. B．Strict standards aren’t suitable for those perfectionists. C．Strict standards may lead to the opposite result for others. D．Strict standards stop people revising their plans regularly. 57．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Study of Exercise Routine B．Focus on the Pleasure of Exercise C．The Power of Your Exercise Mindset D．Exercise Mindset and Failures Connected （十六） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Of all the ways to define (定义) a challenge, the simplest works best: a call for special effort. It applies to everyone. It’s not enough to say that skiing a black diamond is a challenge; or that snowshoeing a 10-kilometr e route is a challenge. For some, neither may be. For others, both are unimaginable. A call for special effort means only you know when you’re being challenged. If you’re red-faced and out of breath, it’s probably a challenge. If you have to focus and work hard to complete the task, consider yourself challenged. This season, we sourced 10 of the most exciting winter challenges around Canada. Sure, there are some that even the writer has no intention of trying, but they all excite the imagination. They’re all about inspiring outdoor experiences at ExploreTM. We encourage adaptation as well as adoption. When you read the feature (专栏) on page 28, you may give up the 6633 Arctic Ultra as well as the Ice Mile—but the Wapta Traverse, the famous Rocky Mountain ski tour, or the Pentathlon des Neiges, in Quebec City, may fit the bill nicely. Or maybe it’s a day-tour in the Rockies and sampling just one of the Pentathlon sports in a more relaxed setting. It’s up to you. We wrote this article because we want you to see the possibility of winter: to look beyond a simple, though satisfying, day on the ski hill or skate on a nearby lake; to see winter as every bit as colorful as summer. 58．What does the writer think is the best way to define a challenge? A．Skiing a black diamond. B．A call for special effort. C．Applying it to everyone. D．Snowshoeing a challenging route. 59．How does the writer feel about the 10 winter challenges around Canada in Paragraph 3? A．They are worth trying. B．They are the most challenging. C．They are suitable for the writer. D．They fail to fire the imagination. 60．Which of the following will the writer avoid recommending? A．The Ice Mile. B．The Wapta Traverse. C．The Pentathlon des Neiges. D．The Rocky Mountain ski tour. 61．What is the purpose of writing this article? A．To define a challenge. B．To introduce Canada’s sights. C．To praise adventurous tourists. D．To encourage exploring winter challenges. （十七） （23-24高一上·浙江绍兴·期末）In September, when UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay visited Zhoukoudian in suburban Beijing, which is famous for the discovery of Peking Man living between 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, she was full of praise for the structure that successfully protected Yuanrendong Cave from an unusual rainstorm in July. The cave in the central area of the site has so far revealed the remains of 40 individuals. The structure protects the site from the weather, including heavy wind, snow and hail, and its design fits in with the surrounding environment, Qin Changwei, secretary-general of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO, said at the 2nd World Cultural and Natural Heritage Forum in Beijing on Nov. 17 and 18. “It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.” Organized by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region under the Auspices of UNESCO(Beijing), and the China Foundation for Cultural Heritage Conservation among others, the forum brought together some 50 professionals to discuss the protection and sustainable (可持续发展的) development of heritage sites. Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem. “Entering the 21st century, climate change has been the subject of in-depth discussion by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration,” says Qin. “Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans,” he adds. 62．Why was China praised for the structure in Zhoukoudian? A．It attracts an increasing number of visitors. B．It matches the surrounding buildings in design. C．It is well preserved from destructive human activities. D．It sets a good example to cultural heritage protection. 63．What topic is covered in the Beijing forum? A．The effects of climate change on heritage sites. B．The preservation of the original structure. C．The unsuitable response to disasters. D．The unacceptable human behaviours. 64．According to Qin, what can be done to deal with the problem? A．Strengthening international cooperation. B．Hosting more in-depth discussion forums. C．Making plans for risk prevention individually. D．Turning attention to developing space technology. 65．What is the main concern of the author? A．The loss of balance between humans and nature. B．The lack of measures taken to preserve heritage. C．The growing weather threat that Heritage sites face. D．The worsening relation between climate change and humans. （十八） （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）Sleep is so important that it has long interested scientists. Scientists have studied everything from mice to fruit flies in the lab to get a better understanding of what happens when animals sleep and why they do it. However, gathering data (数据) on how animals sleep in their natural habitat has always been hard to do. But scientists did just that with wild chinstrap penguins in Antarctica. In doing so, researchers found the birds took over ten thousand microsleeps throughout the day — adding up to a 11-hour-long sleep. To study the penguins, scientists put devices (设备) into a small group of penguins’ brain and neck muscles, which provided the brain wave and location data. The devices had never been used before, so this data collection was only supposed to be a test. However, the process went so well and the data was published in this study. Researchers found that the microsleeps last only seconds. Researchers think that being able to sleep for such a short time might help the animals avoid predators (捕食者) that might more likely attack if the penguins were asleep for longer — especially when one parent goes out feeding in the ocean for days, leaving the other parent to protect the eggs from predatory birds. The study is an early insight into a relatively large missing scientific knowledge about sleep. “Almost every study on sleeping birds discovers something new, something we didn’t know about before,” says study co-author Paul-Antoine Libourel. Vladyslav Vyazovskiy, a sleep neuroscientist at the University of Oxford who didn’t join in the study, is excited about this new data because “most of what we know about the animal sleep was gained in laboratory conditions, which are totally different from conditions where sleep developed”. 66．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The study method. B．The device introduction. C．The research purpose. D．The background information. 67．What is a possible reason for penguins’ microsleeps? A．Feeding baby birds. B．Getting longer sleep. C．Avoiding being hunted. D．Attacking other birds. 68．What’s Vyazovskiy’s attitude towards the study? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Confused. D．Objective. 69．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Animal Sleep Is Researched in the Lab B．Penguins Gain a Different Way of Sleep C．Sleep Is of Great Importance to Penguins D．Penguins Take Thousands of Microsleeps a Day （十九） （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）San Francisco’s waterfront (海滨) is on the National Register of Historic Places for good reason. Its beautiful old landmarks, like the Ferry Building and the Bay Bridge, have been seen in many books, TV shows and movies—from the stories and novels of Jack London to the 1970s TV series The Streets of San Francisco. The future of San Francisco’s waterfront, however, isn’t safe. In 2016, the National Trust for Historic Preservation put part of the city’s shoreline on its list of the U. S.’s most endangered historic places, in part because of the threat of sea level rise. The waterfront landmarks of many cities are under increasing threat from floods and rising sea levels brought on by human-driven climate change. St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice, Italy and the Venice Beach boardwalk in Los Angeles face similar challenges to San Francisco. “The whole issue of climate change and historic preservation intersects (交织) right at the waterfront,” said Elaine Forbes, director of the Port of San Francisco. As she watched the boats come and go on a sunny afternoon, Forbes said, “Sea level rise hasn’t historically been as much of a threat to San Francisco as major earthquakes.” However, that’s changed. Parts of the main road that runs along the waterfront have flooded from heavy rains in recent years. The state estimates (预估) the water could rise up to about two and a half feet above its present level by 2060, and possibly up to seven feet by the turn of the century. Now, San Francisco is considering measures to save its historic shoreline. But the growing magnitude and frequency of the climate-related threats, the high costs and effort needed in saving heritage sites, and competing ideas about what’s worth saving and what isn’t, can make it hard for cities to know what to do first. 70．What is San Francisco’s waterfront famous for? A．Old landmarks. B．Famous beaches. C．Beautiful bridges. D．Comfortable climate. 71．What challenge is the waterfront facing? A．The loss of public support. B．The threat from rising sea levels. C．The influence of tourist activities. D．The competition from other cities. 72．Why is the earthquake mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To give an example of existing threats. B．To stress the seriousness of sea level rise. C．To compare different types of natural disasters. D．To show the difficulty in the waterfront protection. 73．What can be learned from the text? A．Heritage sites are in ruins. B．Threats have been removed. C．The shoreline has been flooded. D．Solutions are under consideration. （二十） （23-24高一上·浙江衢州·期末）Anxious thinker. Loner. Wallflower. These are some negative comments for “introvert” (内向者), showing a common mind-set in America. Actually they just interact differently; they do well when given time alone to think and prefer close conversations. American society is ruled by the “Extrovert Ideal (外向理想型)”: successful people take risks and always voice their opinion, whether or not they know what they’re doing. The problem is that people value this ideal so much that they often ignore meaningful opinions from the quieter introverts. Isn’t there something problematic about having to get our thoughts out before we finish thinking about them? Over-stressing the Extrovert Ideal can lead to unwise decisions. In one case, several introverts, who tend to be more careful and think more, pointed out warning signals before the economic downturn of 2008. But the decision makers — often the bold, risk-taking types —ignored their opinion. People say introverts often overthink every decision. Yes, maybe we think before we speak. But is that really so bad? Of course, social skills are important for everyone. But the misunderstanding about how introverts work creates a cultural bias (偏见). Required class participation at school often leads to students shouting out whatever thoughts come to their mind, too pressured by their participation grade to take the time and think of a meaningful response. During the Covid-19quarantine, some of my classes started using Parlay, a website that allows for discussions through anonymous (匿名的) written comments. I saw that many of my classes were able to have deeper conversations this way, freed from the pressures of having to speak up on the spot. So encouraging a balanced variety of learning methods can reduce the existing bias. Society seems to think only the loud and outgoing ones can make a difference. But Rosa Parks was known for being “soft spoken” and “timid.” Gandhi said, “In a gentle way, you can shake the world.” So please, give us introverts a chance to change the world in our own quiet way! 74．What is the author’s attitude towards the “Extrovert Ideal”? A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 75．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The benefit of the Extrovert Ideal. B．The introverts’ poor social skills. C．The harm of over-valuing extroverts. D．The extroverts’ ways of decision-making. 76．According to the author, teachers can improve the situation of introverted students by ______. A．requiring no class participation B．providing online learning platforms C．allowing different learning styles D．conducting free classroom discussions 77．What does the underlined word “timid” in the last paragraph mean? A．Brave. B．Lazy. C．Easygoing. D．Shy. 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解之说明文 （一） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Imagine if there were a robotic fish that filtered microplastic out of the water as it swam. Well, now there is one, and it’s the physical version of the winning concept in the first-ever Natural Robotics Contest. Announced this May, the University of Surrey’s Natural Robots Contest invited members of the public to give their concepts for animal—or plant-inspired robots capable of performing activities that would help the world. Plans called for experts from various British and European research centers to select what they thought was the best concept, which would then be made into a real robot. Engineers would proceed to further develop the technology. The winning concept turned out to be the plastic-collecting Robo-fish, designed by chemistry student Eleanor Mackintosh—who is a University of Surrey student. Mackintosh said, “Fish’s gills are an incredible mechanism in nature that are specialized to filter oxygen into the bloodstream—so I adapted my design from that, with the purpose of dealing with the plastic pollution in the water.” The robot swims by moving its tail, holding its mouth wide open to-collect water and microplastics in its belly as it does so. Once that cavity is full, the robot closes its mouth, opens its gills, and pushes the water out through. A fine net attached to the gill flaps allows the water to pass through, but captures the microplastic. In its current physical form, the 50-cm-long Robo-fish collects microplastic as small as 2 millimeters. It also uses sensors to monitor underwater environment, plus it tracks its movements within the water. Future robots could capture much smaller particles. Other possible improvements include a faster body shape, a more powerful tail, and the ability to swim autonomously. 1．How do the participants attend the Natural Robotics Contest? A．By handing in real robots. B．By sending the concepts of robots. C．By selecting the best robot concepts. D．By developing the technology of robots. 2．What inspired Mackintosh to design the robot? A．The enthusiasm for robots. B．The function of fish’s gills. C．The body shape of the fish. D．The plastic pollution in the water. 3．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 5? A．How the robotic fish works in water. B．How the robotic fish is further improved. C．Why Mackintosh’s robot won the contest. D．What materials the robotic fish is made of. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The First Bio-Inspired Robotics Contest B．The One-Size-Fits-All Solution to Plastics C．An Autonomously Operative Robotic Fish D．A Student-Designed Plastic-Collecting Fish 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要叙述萨里大学自然机器人竞赛中，一名学生设计的塑料收集机器鱼获奖。具体介绍了其运作过程、现状即未来发展。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Announced this May, the University of Surrey’s Natural Robots Contest invited members of the public to give their concepts for animal—or plant-inspired robots capable of performing activities that would help the world.(今年5月，萨里大学举办了自然机器人大赛，邀请公众提出他们的概念，设计以动物或植物为灵感的机器人，这些机器人能够从事帮助世界的活动)”可知，参与者提交机器人创意参加竞赛。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Mackintosh said, “Fish’s gills are an incredible mechanism in nature that are specialized to filter oxygen into the bloodstream—so I adapted my design from that, with the purpose of dealing with the plastic pollution in the water.”(Mackintosh说：“鱼的鳃是一种令人难以置信的自然机制，专门用于将氧气过滤到血液中，所以我以此为基础进行了设计，目的是处理水中的塑料污染。”)”可知，Mackintosh受到鱼鳃功能的启示而创造了塑料收集机器鱼。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“The robot swims by moving its tail, holding its mouth wide open to-collect water and microplastics in its belly as it does so. Once that cavity is full, the robot closes its mouth, opens its gills, and pushes the water out through. A fine net attached to the gill flaps allows the water to pass through, but captures the microplastic.(机器人通过移动尾巴来游泳，同时张开嘴巴收集水和腹部的微塑料。一旦这个洞被填满，机器人就会闭上嘴巴，张开鳃，把水挤出去。附着在鳃瓣上的细网允许水通过，但会捕获微塑料)”可知，该段主要介绍机器鱼在水中的工作原理。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Announced this May, the University of Surrey’s Natural Robots Contest invited members of the public to give their concepts for animal—or plant-inspired robots capable of performing activities that would help the world.(今年5月，萨里大学举办了自然机器人大赛，邀请公众提出他们的概念，设计以动物或植物为灵感的机器人，这些机器人能够从事帮助世界的活动)”以及第四段“The winning concept turned out to be the plastic-collecting Robo-fish, designed by chemistry student Eleanor Mackintosh—who is a University of Surrey student.(最终胜出的概念是由萨里大学化学系学生埃莉诺·麦金托什设计的塑料收集机器鱼)”结合文章主要叙述萨里大学自然机器人竞赛中，一名学生设计的塑料收集机器鱼获奖。具体介绍了其运作过程、现状即未来发展。故D选项“学生设计的塑料收集鱼”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （二） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Learning any language is hard, but learning English can be especially challenging. Why? Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never describe. In particular, words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads. Here’s an example: You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what exactly is a wazzock? This word, in fact, means a foolish person, although there’s nothing about it that would help you guess that. There are many strange terms like this in British English — the Oxford English Dictionary would be much smaller without these odd usages filling its pages. How can these odd words be explained? Part of the answer is the British sense of humor. Britons don’t like to take things too seriously, and this is evident through many British words and phrases. For example, to “spend a penny” means to use the bathroom. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public toilet. In an interview for the BBC’s website, British linguist David Crystal suggested there may be historical reasons for the large number of odd words and phrases in British English. He thinks that they began in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This was a great age for the theater, when Shakespear e and other writers worked hard to keep up with the demand for new plays. The theater’s popularity also created an incentive to invent new words. With this in mind, perhaps Shakespeare and his peers are to blame for unusual British words such as “codswallop” and “balderdash” — which both, mean “nonsense”. While these strange words may be confusing to non-native speakers, they certainly make studying English a lot more interesting. 5．According to the text, why may non-native speakers find it more challenging to learn English? A．Dictionaries are too complicated to understand. B．The English vocabulary is too large for them to learn. C．A large number of strange expressions confuse them. D．The English textbooks they use are usually out of date. 6．With the example of “the Oxford English Dictionary” in Paragraph 2, the author intends to . A．stress the large number of strange terms B．explain the origin of the strange phrases C．show British people’s attitude towards odd phrases D．show the usefulness of the Oxford English Dictionary 7．Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 4? A．concern B．inspiration C．application D．opinion 8．What is the tone of the author in writing the article? A．Aerious. B．Anxious. C．Indifferent. D．Humorous. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是英国英语中出现大量奇怪单词的原因。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never describe. In particular, words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads.(因为母语为英语的人使用这种语言的方式是教科书无法描述的。特别是，英国人使用的单词会让许多语言专业的学生挠头)”以及第二段“Here’s an example: You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what exactly is a wazzock? This word, in fact, means a foolish person, although there’s nothing about it that would help you guess that.(举个例子：你无意中听到一个英国人叫某人“wazzock”。但wazzock到底是什么？事实上，这个词的意思是愚蠢的人，尽管它没有什么能帮助你猜测的)”可推知，母语非英语的人之所以会觉得学习英语很难是因为许多奇怪的词对他们来说毫无意义，会让他们觉得非常的困惑。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“Here’s an example: You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what exactly is a wazzock? This word, in fact, means a foolish person, although there’s nothing about it that would help you guess that. There are many strange terms like this in British English — the Oxford English Dictionary would be much smaller without these odd usages filling its pages.(举个例子：你无意中听到一个英国人叫某人“wazzock”。但wazzock到底是什么？事实上，这个词的意思是愚蠢的人，尽管它没有什么能帮助你猜测的。英国英语中有很多奇怪的术语，如果没有这些奇怪的用法，《牛津英语词典》就会小得多)”可知，第二段以《牛津英语字典》为例，是为了强调英语词汇中有大量的奇怪的术语。故选A。 7．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“This was a great age for the theater, when Shakespear e and other writers worked hard to keep up with the demand for new plays.(他认为它们始于16世纪末和17世纪初。这对戏剧来说是一个伟大的时代，莎士比亚和其他作家努力满足对新剧的需求) ”以及划线单词句中的“The theater’s popularity (剧院的受欢迎程度)”以及“to invent new words(发明新词)”可知，16世纪末和17世纪初对戏剧来说是一个伟大的时代，剧院也同时受到了大众的欢迎，从而激发了人们发明新词。所以划线单词的意思为“启发，激发”。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段的“In particular, words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads.(特别是，英国人使用的单词会让许多语言专业的学生挠头)”，第三段的“For example, to “spend a penny” means to use the bathroom. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public toilet.(例如，“花一分钱”的意思是使用卫生间。它指的是人们必须花一分钱才能使用公共厕所的日子)”以及全文可知，作者在文中用了诙谐的单词，举了一些有趣的例子。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的语气是幽默的。故选D。 （三） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）For adults, communicating in our first language feels easy and natural. Yet learning language is a complex process that is influenced by several factors. When young children are beginning to learn language, some influences, such as the amount of speech a child hears and the amount of time they spend in back-and-forth language interactions with others, have what may appear to be obvious connections to language learning. Perhaps less obvious is that children’s own physical experiences with their environment help them learn new words. In new research in the cognitive (认知的) sciences, we investigated how this Is the case by considering how children learn words that refer to something they can touch, grasp and interact with. We asked parents to rate how easily a child can physically interact with the object, idea or experiences that a word refers to. We found words that refer to objects that are easy for children to interact with are also words that are learned at an earlier age. For instance, a word such as spoon is usually learned earlier than a word such as sky. And this relationship remains even when we consider other things that can affect word learning, such as how common a word is in everyday language. Words such as spoon and sky are both relevant to everyday life, and so children will probably hear those words quite early in their development. One difference between them is that spoon refers to something they can touch, grasp and interact with, whereas sky does not. Our findings agree with those of studies where babies wore small head-mounted body cameras to record their interactions with objects. Those studies show that the children’s own physical experiences helps them learn new words. For instance, in one study researchers found that 18-month-old babies were more likely to learn the-name of a new object when they held that object, and less likely to learn the name if their parent held the new object. Another study found that 15-month-olds who spent more time using new objects had learned more nouns by the time they were 21 months old. 9．What is the aim of the new research? A．To study how a baby interacts with everyday objects. B．To find out what influences a baby’s language learning. C．To investigate how a baby learns names of everyday objects. D．To see if babies’ physical experiences help them learn new words. 10．Which of the following might a baby learn at an earlier age? A．Sky. B．Heart. C．Milk. D．Leaf. 11．What can we infer about the author? A．A parent. B．A professor. C．A researcher. D．A journalist. 12．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To further support their finding. B．To summarize the research result. C．To point out new research directions. D．To introduce results of other findings. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．C 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过一个最新的研究来阐述一个观点——婴幼儿的语言习得快慢和他们与周围物品互动的频率有关。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In new research in the cognitive(认知的) sciences, we investigated how this Is the case by considering how children learn words that refer to something they can touch, grasp and interact with.”（在认知科学的一项新研究中，我们通过考虑儿童如何学习与他们可以触摸、掌握和互动的东西有关的单词来调查这种情况。）可知，这项新研究的目的是看看婴儿的身体体验是否有助于他们学习新单词。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In new research in the cognitive(认知的) sciences, we investigated how this Is the case by considering how children learn words that refer to something they can touch, grasp and interact with.”（在认知科学的一项新研究中，我们通过考虑儿童如何学习与他们可以触摸、掌握和互动的东西有关的单词来调查这种情况。）以及第三段中“For instance, a word such as spoon is usually learned earlier than a word such as sky.”（例如，像spoon这样的单词通常比sky这样的单词学习得早。）和本段中“One difference between them is that spoon refers to something they can touch, grasp and interact with, whereas sky does not.”（它们之间的一个区别是，spoon指的是他们可以触摸、抓住和互动的东西，而sky则不是。）可知，幼儿对日常物品名称的习得速度和他们是否能常于这个物品互动有关，幼儿与牛奶的基础和互动行为更高，因此幼儿在早期阶段最有可能先学到的是牛奶。 故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据第二段“In new research in the cognitive(认知的) sciences, we investigated how this Is the case by considering how children learn words that refer to something they can touch, grasp and interact with. We asked parents to rate how easily a child can physically interact with the object, idea or experiences that a word refers to. We found words that refer to objects that are easy for children to interact with are also words that are learned at an earlier age.”（在认知科学的新研究中，我们通过考虑儿童如何学习与他们可以触摸、掌握和互动的东西有关的单词来调查这种情况。我们要求家长们对孩子与一个词所指代的物体、想法或经历进行肢体互动的容易程度进行评分。我们发现，孩子们在较早的年龄就学会了那些容易与之互动的物体。）可知，在论述研究的过程中，文章通过使用第一人称，如“We asked parents…”；“We found words…”以及“we investigated…”等进行描述，由此推断作者是研究人员之一。故选C项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our findings agree with those of studies where babies wore small head-mounted body cameras to record their interactions with objects. Those studies show that the children’s own physical experiences helps them learn new words.”（我们的发现与那些婴儿戴着小型头戴式身体摄像头来记录他们与物体互动的研究结果一致。这些研究表明，孩子们自己的身体经历有助于他们学习新单词。）可知，其他一些研究也有类似的研究结果，因此它的作用是为了支持本文的观点，也就是本文所提到的最新研究的发现。故选A项。 （四） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress. On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness. Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes in the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes. We should embrace our heritage through our traditional food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such. 13．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article? A．To show national identity. B．To help motivate homesickness. C．To reflect a country’s history. D．To show a community’s superiority. 14．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The national culture. B．The specific traditional food. C．A traditional expression of food. D．The old-fashioned taste. 15．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant? A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes. B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil. C．To present their own food culture in a new way. D．To make the dishes popular among customers. 16．What's the author’s attitude towards different food cultures? A．Negative. B．unfair. C．Positive. D．Opposed. 【答案】13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传统食物与文化之间的联系。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”（它也是一种文化认同的表达。）可知，传统食物被当做文化认同的一种表达方式，即传统食物展示了民族认同感。故选A项。 14．词义猜测题。根据第二段前两句“On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”（在很大程度上，传统食物是文化的重要组成部分。它也是一种文化认同的表达。）及最后一句“it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness.”（这是他们文化自豪感的象征，也是应对乡愁的一种方式。）可知，移民者无论走到哪里，都会带着它，它是文化自豪感的象征，是缓解乡愁的方式，故推知it指代上文提到的“traditional food”。故选B项。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Therefore, they have to make small changes in the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”（因此，他们不得不在原来的菜肴上做些小的改变，以迎合更广泛的顾客。）可知，移民者对菜品进行调整是为了使这些菜肴更加受欢迎。故选D项。 16．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“We should embrace our heritage through our traditional food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.”（我们应该通过我们的传统食物来拥抱我们的遗产，但也要通过尝试他们的食物来更多地了解其他文化。重要的是要记住，每一道菜在它所属的文化中都有一个特殊的位置，对烹饪它的人来说也是特别的。食物是文化的窗口，我们应该以正确的方式对待它。）可知，作者认为不同的食物代表不同的文化，我们既要通过我们的传统食物来坚持自己的文化自信，也要尝试不同的食物以了解其他文化。故作者对食物文化持积极肯定的态度。故选C项。 （五） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Just when you thought you were taking care of your health by eating enough fruit and vegetables every day, new research has come out revealing that you might be swallowing microplastic particles (颗粒) along with all those vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A groundbreaking study published in the journal Environmental Research has found that fruits and vegetables absorb microplastic particles from the soil and move them through vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred to human bodies. The researchers, who are from the University of Catania in Italy, as well as Sousse and Monastir universities in Tunisia, analyzed a variety of common fruits and vegetables —carrots, lettuce, broccoli, potatoes, apples, and pears. These were chosen for the fact that they are frequently consumed, usually one per day, which allowed the researchers to better assess the dietary intakes of MPs (microplastic particles) and NPs (nano-plastics). The samples were purchased from different sources in the city of Catania, including a small fruit vendor and a supermarket. The researchers found that apples, followed by pears, were the most polluted fruit samples, and carrots were the most polluted vegetable. In the study’s discussion section, the authors wrote, “We can assume that the fruits contain more MPs not only because of the very high vascularization (血管化) of the fruit pulp (果肉) but also due to the greater size and complexity of the root system and age of the tree (several years) compared to the vegetables (60-75 days for the carrot).” This study is important because it's the first to detect microplastics in fruits and vegetables. They have been found in other sources before, such as sea salt, beer, water (bottled, in particular), shellfish, sugar, soil, and even air, but never inside fresh produce. It’s an alarming discovery that raises yet another red flag about microplastic pollution in the natural environment. It’s an area that will likely see a lot more attention in coming years, with the study authors calling for further research into the question of microplastic and whether it harms the health of both plants and humans. 17．What is the study mainly about? A．The main cause and influence of soil pollution. B．The microplastic pollution in fruits and vegetables. C．The benefits of daily fruits and vegetables consumption D．The great changes in people's dietary habits. 18．What may cause fruits to contain more MPs according to the authors? A．The age of root system. B．The huge size of fruit tree roots. C．The complex preservation method. D．The large amounts of the fruit pulp. 19．What do the study authors think of the research on microplastic? A．It needs to be further studied. B．It wasted them quite a lot of time. C．It has caused harm to health. D．It has attracted attention to diets. 【答案】17．B 18．B 19．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究在新鲜的水果和蔬菜中首次检测到微塑料颗粒污染。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“A groundbreaking study published in the journal Environmental Research has found that fruits and vegetables absorb microplastic particles from the soil and move them through vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred to human bodies. (发表在《环境研究》杂志上的一项开创性研究发现，水果和蔬菜从土壤中吸收塑料微粒，并将其通过植物组织转移，直到饥饿的食客食用，从而转移到人体)”可知，这项研究与水果和蔬菜中的微塑料污染有关。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“We can assume that the fruits contain more MPs not only because of the very high vascularization (血管化) of the fruit pulp (果肉) but also due to the greater size and complexity of the root system and age of the tree (several years) compared to the vegetables (60–75 days for the carrot). (我们可以假设，与蔬菜（胡萝卜60-75天）相比，水果含有更多的MPs，不仅是因为果肉的血管化程度非常高，还因为根系的大小和复杂性以及树的年龄（几年）更大)”可知，果树根系的巨大尺寸是导致水果含有更多的微塑料颗粒的原因之一。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’s an area that will likely see a lot more attention in coming years, with the study authors calling for further research into the question of microplastic and whether it harms the health of both plants and humans. (这是一个未来几年可能会受到更多关注的领域，该项研究的撰稿人呼吁对微塑料问题及其是否危害植物和人类健康进行进一步研究)”可推知，该项研究的作者认为还需要对微塑料颗粒造成的危害作进一步研究。故选A。 （六） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the last paradise (天堂) on earth. However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays, over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal. Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife, and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation (开采) of precious trees and plants. Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land. Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people. The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed. 20．The example of Nepal is used to suggest _______. A．its natural resources are untouched B．its forests are exploited for farmland C．it develops well in health and education D．it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists 21．What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4? A．They are happy to work their own lands. B．They have to please the tourists for a living. C．They have to struggle for their independence. D．They are proud of working in multi-national organizations. 22．The author’s attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is _______. A．optimistic B．doubtful C．objective D．negative 【答案】20．D 21．B 22．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着旅游业需求的快速增长，旅游业的开发也加速发展，但过度开发对环境和人们的生活以及旅游业的发展带来了负面的影响。随着人们对旅游业的认识的提高，应注意旅游业和环境保护及经济的协调发展，这样旅游业才有美好的前途。 20．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. (近年来，尼泊尔开始吸引外国游客为卫生和教育发展提供资金。)”以及“In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants. (事实上，大自然很快就感受到了成千上万的度假者在森林中旅行的影响。古道成了步行者的主要路线，随之而来的是对珍贵树木和植物的破坏。)”可知，大批游客到来毁坏了尼泊尔的环境，即尼泊尔遭受了大量的游客的蹂躏。故选D项。 21．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. (曾经的农民现在是一些多民族组织的仆人；他不再是自己的主人了。曾经是他的背部承受着疼痛；现在是他的笑容被利用了。)”可知，农民不再是自己的主人，成为了服务人员，曾经只是累，现在连笑容都被利用了，即农民现在不得不以取悦游客来谋生。故选B项。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. (然而，这种增长的规模和速度似乎将摧毁游客想要享受的东西。)”，第三段“Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. (那些几乎没有旅游经验的国家可能会遭受最严重的影响。)”以及第五段“Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. (谢天谢地，旅游业正在意识到它对接待其客户的国家负有的责任。)”可知，作者介绍了旅游业发展的弊端，也说明了旅游业带来的好处，作者对于旅游业的发展持客观的态度。故选C项。 （七） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末）A group of researchers has come up with a way to make it easier to drive in the snow: by designing tyres(轮胎)based on polar bear paws. “We had an ongoing project for many years focused on ice,” said Ali Dhinojwala, who took part in the research. “We were looking at the friction(摩擦力)of materials because our national partners need to develop tyres with a strong grip on the road in ice and snow conditions.” The team turned to nature for inspiration, thinking that evolution might have already solved the problem in a way that could be copied with technology. The obvious place to look was polar bears—specifically the tiny bumps(凸块)on the surface of their paw pads—to find out what effect they have on the animals’ ability to move quickly across icy and snowy area. To do this, the team gathered samples(样本)of polar bear paw pads, as well as samples from brown bears and American black bears(two species closely related to polar bears)and sun bears(a distantly related species, typically found in Asia). The team imaged the samples using a scanning electron microscope, produced 3D-printed copies and then tested them in snow in the lab. They found that the tiny structures on the polar bear paw pads were taller, which gave them better friction on the snow, even though polar bears have smaller pads compared to other bears. The team now wants to look into other factors that may have an effect, such as the patterns and shapes of the tiny structures. “If you look at snow tyres you’ll see that they do have some deeper treads(外胎花纹), but this research could also show various ways to design them that could have a larger impact,” said Dhinojwala. 23．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Polar bears. B．Tiny bumps. C．Paw pads. D．Snowy roads. 24．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The background of the research. B．The finding of the research. C．The differences of samples in the lab. D．The comparison of different bear pads. 25．What can we infer from Dhinojwala’s words in the last paragraph? A．Different treads might be designed on the snow tyres. B．Snow tyres that have deeper treads can be safe enough. C．The design of snow tyres requires no further improvement. D．The researchers should have turned to other bears for inspiration. 26．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．An easier way to drive in the snow B．An ongoing project focused on ice C．Snow tyres based on polar bear paws D．A new research on polar bear paw pads 【答案】23．B 24．B 25．A 26．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家基于北极熊熊爪的构造设计新型雪地轮胎。 23．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The obvious place to look was polar bears—specifically the tiny bumps(凸块)on the surface of their paw pads—to find out what effect they have on the animals’ ability to move quickly across icy and snowy area.”（最明显的研究对象是北极熊——特别是它们脚掌表面的小凸起——来发现它们对动物在冰雪地区快速移动的能力有什么影响。）可知，它们指的是北极熊脚掌表面的小凸起对于动物在冰雪地区快速移动的能力的影响，推断处they指代的是B项“小凸起”。故选B项。 24．主旨大意题。根据第四段“They found that the tiny structures on the polar bear paw pads were taller, which gave them better friction on the snow, even though polar bears have smaller pads compared to other bears.”（他们发现北极熊脚垫上的微小结构更高，这使得它们在雪地上有更好的摩擦力，尽管北极熊的脚垫比其他熊小。）可知，第四段主要谈到的是研究的发现。故选B项。 25．推理判断题。根据最后一段““If you look at snow tyres you’ll see that they do have some deeper treads(外胎花纹), but this research could also show various ways to design them that could have a larger impact,” said Dhinojwala.”（“如果你看看雪地轮胎，你会发现它们确实有一些更深的胎面，但这项研究也可以展示各种设计方法，这些方法可以产生更大的影响。”）可知，我们可以从最后一段Dhinojwala的话中推断出雪地轮胎可能会设计不同的胎面。故选A项。 26．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A group of researchers has come up with a way to make it easier to drive in the snow: by designing tyres(轮胎)based on polar bear paws.”（一组研究人员提出了一种使在雪地里开车更容易的方法:用北极熊的爪子设计轮胎。）可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家基于北极熊爪设计雪地轮胎，C项“基于北极熊爪的雪地轮胎”符合题意。故选C项。 （八） （23-24高一上·浙江金华·期末）These days, tourism is back in full swing. An increasing number of people prefer to take a break from big city life and start exploring those harder-to-reach towns. Paraty, Brazil Paray is a bays de town halfway between Rio and Sao Paulo. Here, life moves at the pace of a horse-and-cart moving across the road (no cars allowed in the historic Old Town). The boats in the harbor are not just there to look good. Pick your favorite and set sail for a deserted island beach nearby. Avignon, France One of the most recognizable historic towns is found in the south-eastern part of France. The Palace of the Popes here defines the city and is the city and is visible from a far. It once housed Europe’s largest library, and became a hotbed for thinkers, philosophers, composers, and musicians. Now it is protected by UNESCO as a world heritage site. Four million tourists visit Avignon every year to explore the ancient architecture. Sakrisoy and Reine, Norway This pair of tiny finishing villages sit far, far north. Admittedly, they are a bit of pain to reach: The long (but beautiful!) journey there will require some combination of one or two fights, a bus or a boat. If you can make it that far, though, you’ll be rewarded with some of the most impressive scenery on Earth. Look out across the mountains from the hike or enjoy the Northern Lights. Old San Juan, US The oldest settlement in the country was founded in the early 16th century. Today everything here is colorful: the houses differ in color and style and even the pavements are made of the blue bricks, making it a very attractive and amusing place. 27．What can visitors do in Avignon, France? A．Take a boat trip. B．Enjoy the Northern Lights. C．Admire ancient architecture. D．Explore the largest library in the world. 28．Which destination is the least convenient to reach? A．Paraty, Brazil. B．Avignon, France. C．Sakrisoy and Reine, Norway. D．Old San Juan, US. 29．Where can the text most probably be found? A．In a wellness book. B．In a travel magazine. C．In an adventure guide. D．In a geography textbook. 【答案】27．C 28．C 29．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了巴西的帕拉蒂、法国的阿维尼翁、挪威的萨克里斯奥和雷因以及美国的老圣胡安这四个旅游胜地。 27．细节理解题。根据Avignon, France部分中“Four million tourists visit Avignon every year to explore the ancient architecture. (每年有400万游客到阿维尼翁参观古老的建筑。)”可知，游客在法国阿维尼翁可以欣赏古代建筑。故选C项。 28．细节理解题。根据Sakrisoy and Reine, Norway部分中“This pair of tiny finishing villages sit far, far north. Admittedly, they are a bit of pain to reach: The long (but beautiful!) journey there will require some combination of one or two fights, a bus or a boat. (这两个小村庄坐落在遥远的北方。诚然，到达那里有点痛苦：漫长(但美丽!)的旅程将需要一两次航班，公共汽车或船只的组合。)”可知，挪威的萨克里斯奥和雷因最远，最不方便。故选C项。 29．推理判断题。根据第一段“These days, tourism is back in full swing. An increasing number of people prefer to take a break from big city life and start exploring those harder-to-reach towns. (如今，旅游业又恢复了蓬勃发展。越来越多的人喜欢从大城市生活中休息一下，开始探索那些难以到达的城镇。)”和下文对四个旅游胜地的介绍可推知，本文最可能出自旅游杂志。故选B项。 （九） （23-24高一上·浙江嘉兴·期末）With their beautiful feathers, roosters might be forgiven for secretly taking quick looks in the mirror—especially as research now suggests the birds may be able to recognise themselves. The ability to recognise oneself in the mirror has so far been found in a handful of animals, including elephants, dolphins, and certain fish and birds. Sonja Hillemacher, one of the authors of the study at the University of Bonn, said animals that can recognise themselves in a mirror often seemed to have more advanced cognitive abilities, and that there was a link to social and emotional wisdom, as well as self-awareness. “This ability is a basic aspect of cognition. It is also important for us,” she said. Writing in the journal Plos One, Hillemacher and her colleagues note that roosters tend to call out to their fellow chickens if they see a threat. If a rooster is alone, however, it does not usually raise the alarm as it could draw the enemy’s attention. In the experiment, the team placed a rooster in an indoor space and then placed a mirror, or another rooster, or nothing. The team then showed the image of a flying hawk (鹰) onto the ceiling in the space. The results from 58 roosters found that the birds made far more alarm calls when they could see another rooster nearby, with 1.33 alarm calls per bird on average over three tests, than when alone (0.29 calls on average) or faced with the mirror (0.43 calls on average). In the follow-up experiment, the team found a similar reduction in calls when they placed a second rooster out of sight behind the mirror. The team said the findings suggest the birds did not regard their reflection as another rooster, even when there was also the presence of smell and sound of a second bird, which proves that roosters may recognise themselves in a mirror. 30．What does the new study led by Sonjn Hillemacher show? A．Only a few animals can recognise themselves in a mirror. B．Some animals have cognitive abilities similar to humans. C．Roosters will enjoy their own beauty when looking in a mirror. D．Roosters may have the ability to recognise themselves in a mirror. 31．What is the purpose of paragraph 3? A．To stress the importance of the research. B．To provide the scientific basis for the research. C．To explain reasons for carrying out the research. D．To offer details of the preparation for the research. 32．What do we know about how the experiments were conducted? A．A flying hawk was put in an indoor space. B．A second rooster was placed near a mirror. C．Different conditions were set to test the roosters. D．Separate areas were needed to group the roosters. 33．How did the roosters react in the experiments? A．They made only a bit more alarm calls with a second rooster in sight. B．They made fewer alarm calls when faced with a mirror than when alone. C．They made more than one alarm call in each test with another rooster in sight. D．They made similarly fewer alarm calls when another rooster was hidden nearby. 【答案】30．D 31．B 32．C 33．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的研究表明公鸡具有在镜子里认出自己的能力。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的结果。 30．细节理解题。根据第一段“With their beautiful feathers, roosters (公鸡) might be forgiven for secretly taking quick looks in the mirror—especially as research now suggests the birds may be able to recognise themselves.(公鸡有着美丽的羽毛，它们偷偷地对着镜子快速地看了一眼，这也许是可以原谅的——尤其是现在的研究表明，这些鸟可能能够认出自己)”以及第二段“Sonja Hillemacher, one of the authors of the study at the University of Bonn, said animals that can recognise themselves in a mirror often seemed to have more advanced cognitive abilities, and that there was a link to social and emotional wisdom, as well as self-awareness.(波恩大学这项研究的作者之一Sonjn Hillemacher说，能够在镜子中认出自己的动物似乎通常具有更高级的认知能力，这与社交和情感智慧以及自我意识有关)”可知，Sonjn Hillemacher领导的这项新研究表明公鸡可能有在镜子里认出自己的能力。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据第三段“Writing in the journal Plos One, Hillemacher and her colleagues note that roosters tend to call out to their fellow chickens if they see a threat. If a rooster is alone, however, it does not usually raise the alarm as it could draw the enemy’s attention.(希勒马赫和她的同事们在《公共科学图书馆·综合》杂志上撰文指出，公鸡在看到威胁时往往会向同伴大喊大叫。然而，如果一只公鸡独，它通常不会发出警报，因为它可能会引起敌人的注意)”可推知，第3段的目的是为研究提供科学依据。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据第四段“In the experiment, the team placed a rooster in an indoor space and then placed a mirror, or another rooster, or nothing. The team then showed the image of a flying hawk (鹰) onto the ceiling in the space. (在实验中，研究小组把一只公鸡放在室内，然后放一面镜子，或者另一只公鸡，或者什么都不放。然后，研究小组在空间的天花板上展示了一只飞鹰的图像)”可知，实验设置了不同的条件来测试公鸡。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The results from 58 roosters found that the birds made far more alarm calls when they could see another rooster nearby, with 1.33 alarm calls per bird on average over three tests, than when alone (0.29 calls on average) or faced with the mirror (0.43 calls on average). In the follow-up experiment, the team found a similar reduction in calls when they placed a second rooster out of sight behind the mirror. (对58只公鸡的研究结果发现，当它们看到附近有另一只公鸡时，它们发出的警报声要多得多，在三次测试中，比起独自（平均0.29声）或面对镜子时（平均0.43声），每只公鸡平均发出1.33声警报声。在后续实验中，研究小组发现，当他们把第二只公鸡放在镜子后面看不见的地方时，叫声也减少了)”可知，在实验中当另一只公鸡藏在附近时，受测试的攻击发出的警报声也减少了。故选D。 （十） （23-24高一上·浙江嘉兴·期末）Choosing a hotel, restaurant or new product can be a difficult task. There’s so much on offer, and making a mistake can be expensive. This is why many people turn to online reviews—opinions and information written by people who have used a service or bought a product. But can we trust them? About 70% of Americans say they believe online user reviews. According to experts, this is because when we read a review by another consumer, we feel like we’re getting a personal recommendation from a friend. But a recent study shows that about one third of online reviews are fake. Apparently, companies are so desperate for good reviews that they’ve started to “play” the system. So, how do they do it? One trick is to give positive reviews to your own product or service. Best-selling writer RJ Ellory was recently caught writing 5- starreviewso fhisownbooksonAmazon.com. Using a pen name, he called one of his books a “modern masterpiece (杰作)” and said another would “touch people’s hearts”. RJ also wrote negative reviews of his competitors’ books. Another trick is to “buy” good reviews. Last year, the Cove Hotel in Cornwall was caught giving guests discounts if they wrote “honest but positive” reviews on TripAdvisor. The trick worked—one guest called The Cove “a dream comes true”. Some people are even making a living by writing favourable reviews. In 2010, American Todd Rutherford started GettingBookReviews.com. For $99, Todd would write a positive review of your book on Amazon.com; and for $999, he’d write 50 reviews. So, how can you tell a fake review? First, if the reviewer uses lots of highly positive language, it’s probably fake, Secondly, if the review reads like an advertisement, it probably is an ad. And finally, if the review is negative but also speaks highly of a competitor, it might have been written by that competitor. 34．The author introduces the topic of the text in paragraph 1 by ______. A．discussing some questions B．describing a common situation C．presenting different opinions D．analyzing a specific example 35．What does the underlined word “fake” in paragraph 2 mean? A．False. B．Fair. C．Honest. D．Disappointing. 36．What can we learn from paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? A．Positive reviews can touch people’s hearts. B．Companies use the reviewing system to their advantage. C．Many hotels pay guests to write positive reviews for them. D．Writing reviews is a major source of income for Internet users. 37．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Features of some types of online reviews. B．Reasons behind choices of online reviews. C．Suggestions on how to judge online reviews. D．Ways to tell positive online views from negative ones. 【答案】34．B 35．A 36．B 37．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚假在线评论产生的原因、途径、影响、如何应对等。 34．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Choosing a hotel, restaurant or new product can be a difficult task. There’s so much on offer, and making a mistake can be expensive. This is why many people turn to online reviews—opinions and information written by people who have used a service or bought a product. But can we trust them? (选择酒店、餐厅或新产品可能是一项艰巨的任务。有这么多的机会，犯一个错误可能会付出昂贵的代价。这就是为什么很多人求助于在线评论——那些使用过某项服务或购买过某件产品的人所写的意见和信息。但我们能相信他们吗？)”可知，作者通过描述一个常见的情况在第一段介绍了文章的主题。故选B。 35．词句猜测题。由文章第二段中“Apparently, companies are so desperate for good reviews that they’ve started to “play” the system. (显然，公司非常渴望得到好评，以至于他们开始“玩弄”这个系统。)”可知，很多在线评论是假的，所以划线词的意思是“假的”。A. False错误的，不真实的；B. Fair公平的；C. Honest诚实的；D. Disappointing令人失望的。故选A。 36．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Another trick is to “buy” good reviews. Last year, the Cove Hotel in Cornwall was caught giving guests discounts if they wrote “honest but positive” reviews on TripAdvisor. The trick worked—one guest called The Cove “a dream comes true”. Some people are even making a living by writing favourable reviews. In 2010, American Todd Rutherford started GettingBookReviews.com. For $99, Todd would write a positive review of your book on Amazon.com; and for $999, he’d write 50 reviews. (另一个技巧是“购买”好的评论。去年，康沃尔郡的海湾酒店(Cove Hotel)被发现，如果客人在TripAdvisor上写下“诚实但积极”的评论，就会给客人折扣。这招奏效了——一位客人称“小海湾”是“梦想成真”。有些人甚至靠写好评来谋生。2010年，美国人Todd Rutherford创办了GettingBookReviews.com。只要花99美元，托德就会在亚马逊网站上给你的书写一篇积极的评论；只要999美元，他就能写50篇评论。)”可知，公司利用评论系统为自己谋取利益。故选B。 37．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“So, how can you tell a fake review? First, if the reviewer uses lots of highly positive language, it’s probably fake, Secondly, if the review reads like an advertisement, it probably is an ad. And finally, if the review is negative but also speaks highly of a competitor, it might have been written by that competitor. (那么，如何分辨虚假评论呢？首先，如果评论者使用了很多非常积极的语言，那么它可能是假的，其次，如果评论读起来像广告，那么它可能就是广告。最后，如果评论是负面的，但也高度评价了竞争对手，那么它可能是由竞争对手写的。)”可知，最后一段给出了如何判断在线评论的建议。故选C。 （十一） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Each year, the discovery of new shark species underlines how little we know about ocean biodiversity. In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious. The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. These extremely small fossils provide a rich record of ancient oceanic sharks and their abundance for thousands of years. By studying fossils from many regions, the diversity patterns can give major insights into evolution (进化) of the open sea that would be otherwise unknown. Sibert and Rubin quantified(量化)a past extinction of sharks, reporting a 90% decline in number and >70% drop in diversity. They found that nearer-shore sharks appear to survive, but migratory ones go extinct. The finding of this study is that sharks had undergone a widespread extinction that reorganized their communities from 16 million to 20 million years ago. Sibert and Rubin narrowed the disappearance of sharks to a window of time under 100,000 years around 19 million years ago, but the causes of this event remain unclear. Because this time period does not stand out as a period of major climatic change, the authors do not attribute(归因于) environmental factors as an extinction driver. As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing. The loss of sharks from the oceans has profound, complex, and unavoidable ecological consequences because their presence reflects the stability of marine ecosystems. Yet, one-quarter of the global diversity of sharks is currently threatened with extinction. Despite recent improvements in conservation actions, shark communities never recovered from a mysterious extinction event 19 million years ago; the ecological fate of what remains is now in our hands. 38．What did Sibert and Rubin find? A．The negative impact of the extinction of sharks. B．The mysterious reasons behind the disappearance of sharks. C．The most recent advances in the study of the largest ecosystem. D．The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago. 39．How did Sibert and Rubin conduct their study? A．By collecting and analyzing shark fossils worldwide. B．By quantifying the movement of near-shore sharks. C．By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks. D．By keeping track of ancient oceanic sharks and their activities. 40．According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A．Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity. B．The number of sharks has recovered to its previous level. C．Scientist have figured out the exact causes of sharks’ extinction. D．Sharks had undergone a widespread extinction due to the climate change. 41．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Sharks: The Stories behind Them B．Sharks: The Marine Masters C．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood? D．Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction 【答案】38．D 39．C 40．A 41．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了西伯特和鲁宾利用了一个系统研究了海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝的原因。 38．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. (在西伯特和鲁宾最近的一份报告中，他们报告了一个意想不到的发现：大约1900万年前，地球上最大的生态系统，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝)”可知，西伯特和鲁宾发现大约1900万年前，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝。因此，西伯特和鲁宾发现了大约1900万年前鲨鱼数量的大规模下降，D项“The large-scale decline in the number of sharks about 19 million years ago. (大约1900万年前鲨鱼数量的大规模下降)”符合题意。故选D项。 39．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study of Sibert and Rubin takes advantage of a system by using tiny, hard bits of shark skin and bony fish teeth that naturally fall from their bodies to the seafloor. (西伯特和鲁宾的研究利用了一种利用鲨鱼皮和硬骨鱼牙齿的微小硬块的系统，这些碎片自然地从它们的身体上掉到海底)”可知，西伯特和鲁宾的研究利用了利用了鲨鱼皮肤和硬骨鱼牙齿的微小、坚硬的碎片，这些碎片自然地从它们的身体上掉到海底，因此， C项“By using a system to study the naturally fallen bits from sharks. (通过使用一种系统来研究鲨鱼自然掉落的碎片)”是西伯特和鲁宾进行他们的研究的方式，C项符合题意。故选C项。 40．细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“As for other causes, the loss of shark diversity is directly linked to overfishing. (至于其他原因，鲨鱼多样性的丧失与过度捕捞直接相关。)”可知，鲨鱼多样性的丧失与过度捕捞直接相关，因此， A项“Overfishing is partly to blame for the loss of shark diversity. (过度捕捞是鲨鱼多样性丧失的部分原因)”是正确的陈述，A项符合题意。故选A项。 41．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“In a recent report conducted by Sibert and Rubin, they reported an unexpected finding: a large-scale extinction of sharks in the pelagic ocean, the largest ecosystem on Earth, about 19 million years ago. Their discovery suggests that some extinctions in the open sea of the past may have been mysterious. (在西伯特和鲁宾最近的一份报告中，他们报告了一个意想不到的发现：大约1900万年前，地球上最大的生态系统，中上层海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝。他们的发现表明，过去公海上的一些物种灭绝可能是神秘的。)”可知，本文主要阐述了西伯特和鲁宾利用了一个系统研究了海洋中的鲨鱼大规模灭绝的原因。因此，本文最好的标题是D项“Sharks: The Mysterious Extinction (鲨鱼:神秘的灭绝)”符合题意。故选D项。 （十二） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says. Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed. Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic. 42．What is special about Earth. Food. Love? A．It gives away boxes of food. B．It is a store without plastic bags. C．It has few new customers. D．It is the UK’s first supermarket. 43．What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place? A．Its popularity. B．Its products. C．Its profits. D．Its similarity. 44．What does the underlined word “contamination” in last paragraph mean? A．Pollution. B．Acceptance. C．Influence. D．Application. 45．What is the text mainly about? A．The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements. B．Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns. C．A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK. D．Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention. 【答案】42．B 43．A 44．A 45．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。 42．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers.(这是英国第一家“零浪费”商店——食物装在大罐子和盒子里，人们自己带着容器)”以及第二段“She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. (去年，她在伦敦开了一家无塑料商店，这家商店非常受欢迎，很快就会搬到更大的地方)”可知，Earth. Food. Love的特别之处是一家没有塑料袋的商店。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据第二段“She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. (去年，她在伦敦开了一家无塑料商店，这家商店非常受欢迎，很快就会搬到更大的地方)”可知，这家店的受欢迎程度让卡尔迪罗尼的店搬到了一个更大的地方。故选A。 44．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea.(塑料污染正在造成广泛的全球破坏。世界各地每分钟售出100多万个塑料瓶，其中大多数最终被填埋或入海)”以及后文“is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.”可知，塑料污染范围如此之广，以至于世界各地的自来水也含有塑料。故划线词意思是“污染”。故选A。 45．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段“Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol.(最近，政府呼吁超市引入无塑料通道。但埃克斯利表示，许多消费者已经走在了政客的前面。他和尼古拉帮助人们在威尔士、伯明翰和布里斯托尔建立了类似的商店)”可知，文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是反塑料运动的兴起以及对环境问题的日益关注。故选B。 （十三） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Computer-generated (产生) writers…writing computer-generated stories? Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence (AI) age. The once-powerful media company said it was firing a company that produced articles for its website written by writers who clearly don’t exist. This week, the Futurism website reported that Sports Illustrated used stories written by writers it could not identify. Upon questioning Sports Illustrated, Futurism said all of the writers with Al-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. No explanation was offered. Futurism quoted (引用) an unnamed person at the magazine who said AI was used in the creation of some content as well—“no matter how much they say that it’s not.” Sports Illustrated said the articles in question were created by a third-party company, AdVon Commerce, which made the magazine believe that they were written and edited by humans. AdVon had its writers use a pen name, “actions we don’t agree on,” Sports Illustrated said. Earlier this year, experiments with AI went wrong at media companies. Many companies are testing the new technology at a time when human workers fear it could cost jobs. But it doesn’t work in journalism, which builds and markets its values-based products on truth. “Although there’s nothing wrong in media companies’ experimenting with AI, the mistake is in trying to hide it,” said Tom Rosenstiel, a University of Maryland professor who teaches journalism ethnics (新闻道德). “If you want to be in the truth-telling business, you shouldn’t tell lies,” Rosenstiel said, “A secret is a form of lying.” 46．What can we learn about Sports Illustrated according to Paragraph 2? A．It was an honest media company. B．AI might do harm to its good name. C．It fired a company started at an AI Age. D．Al made it the latest technology company. 47．Why did the Futurism question Sports Illustrated? A．Because Sports Illustrated used the same writers to create stories. B．Because AI-generated stories were used on the magazine’s website. C．Because Sports Illustrated quoted an unnamed person at the magazine. D．Because AI-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website. 48．Which “cost” below is in the closet meaning to the “cost” in the last paragraph? A．This dictionary cost him 10 dollars. B．The house cost my aunt an arm and a leg. C．Such behaviour could cost you your place in the team. D．I didn’t get my dream sports shoes because they cost a lot. 49．What might be the best title for the text? A．Media Companies that Use AI Tool. B．Writing Computer-generated Stories. C．Al Writing Ruining Media Company’s Fame. D．Firing Companies that Produce Al-written Stories. 【答案】46．B 47．B 48．C 49．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《体育画报》利用人工智能撰写文章从而使自己的声誉受损的事情。 46．推理判断题。根据第二段“Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence （AI）age.”（《体育画报》是最新一家因在人工智能时代之初，谁或什么在撰写其报道而名声受损（如果不是完全不诚实的话）的媒体公司。）可知，《体育画报》的人工智能可能会损坏它的好名声。故选B项。 47．细节理解题。根据第三段“This week, the Futurism website reported that Sports Illustrated used stories written by writers it could not identify. Upon questioning Sports Illustrated, Futurism said all of the writers with Al-generated photos disappeared from the magazine’s website.”（本周，《未来主义》网站报道，《体育画报》使用了它无法识别的作者所写的故事。在询问《体育画报》后，《未来主义》表示，所有使用人工智能生成照片的作者都从该杂志的网站上消失了。）可知，未来派质疑《体育画报》因为该杂志的网站上使用了人工智能生成的故事。故选B项。 48．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Many companies are testing the new technology at a time when human workers fear it could cost jobs.”（许多公司正在测试这项新技术，而人类工人担心它可能会导致cost工作。）可知人类担心因新技术的测试使他们失去工作，推断出划线单词意为“使失去”，和C项“这样的行为会使你失去在团队中的地位”中的cost意思一致。故选C项。 49．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“Sports Illustrated is the latest media company to see its good name damaged—if not totally dishonest—about who or what is writing its stories at the beginning of the artificial intelligence （AI）age. The once-powerful media company said it was firing a company that produced articles for its website written by writers who clearly don’t exist.”（《体育画报》是最新一家因在人工智能时代之初，谁或什么在撰写其报道而名声受损(如果不是完全不诚实的话)的媒体公司。这家一度强大的媒体公司表示，将解雇一家为其网站撰写文章的公司，这些文章的作者显然是不存在的。）可知，文章主要介绍了《体育画报》利用人工智能写文章使自己的声誉受损并遭到质疑，所以C项“人工智能写作毁了媒体公司的声誉”符合题意。故选C项。 （十四） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）A wildlife photographer was waiting, hoping to get a shot of a relatively rare bird, a particular kind of heron(鹭). He’d waited several frustrating hours in the woods, but with no luck at all. Suddenly, to the photographer’s delight, a heron settled on a branch right in front of him. The photographer raised his camera and took the shot. Feeling particularly pleased, the photographer looked at the image. To his astonishment, he saw that behind the heron, his photograph had also captured a very, very rare woodpecker flying past. He hadn’t seen it, but without even trying, he’d photographed an even rarer bird than the one he was aiming for. This is an example of serendipity. Cases of serendipity can be found in numerous fields, such as science. Back in the 1800s, a man called Wellswas at a demonstration (演示) of laughing gas. After being given the gas, the patient started laughing, as expected. But then he suddenly fell over and cut his le g rather badly. To everyone’s surprise, the man reported that he couldn’t feel any pain. Wells hadn’t been looking for it, but he’d made a medical discovery — certain gases reduce and can even almost eradicate pain. Had Wells not been there that night, anesthesia (麻醉) might have taken longer to be discovered. Most of us can probably think of at least one example of serendipity in our own lives. Jane, a friend of mine,was trying to come up with an idea for an article but got completely stuck. Frustrated, she decided to go out to a local café. As she was sipping her coffee, she heard two people talking behind her. A man was telling a story that sounded so unbelievable that she knew it had to be true. She asked the people if she could interview them for the article. They agreed and her article turned out to be one of the top trending articles of the week. 50．The word “serendipity” in paragraph 1 means the fact of __________. A．observing rare birds in person B．achieving important aims in time C．finding valuable things by chance D．taking interesting photos by mistake 51．What surprised Wells at the demonstration? A．The gas’s hidden damage. B．The gas’s pain-killing effect. C．The patient’s scientific discovery. D．The patient’s balance-losing moment. 52．Why did Jane go to the café? A．To take a break. B．To meet a friend. C．To write an article. D．To do an interview. 53．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain a concept. B．To promote a culture. C．To introduce a person. D．To recommend a method. 【答案】50．C 51．B 52．A 53．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过三件事来说明生活中会偶然发现有价值的事物的现象。 50．词句猜测题。根据第一段“A wildlife photographer was waiting, hoping to get a shot of a relatively rare bird, a particular kind of heron(鹭). He’d waited several frustrating hours in the woods, but with no luck at all. Suddenly, to the photographer’s delight, a heron settled on a branch right in front of him. The photographer raised his camera and took the shot. Feeling particularly pleased, the photographer looked at the image. To his astonishment, he saw that behind the heron, his photograph had also captured a very, very rare woodpecker flying past. He hadn’t seen it, but without even trying, he’d photographed an even rarer bird than the one he was aiming for.(一位野生动物摄影师在等着，希望能拍到一种相对罕见的鸟，一种特殊的苍鹭。他在树林里沮丧地等了几个小时，但一点运气也没有。突然，让摄影师高兴的是，一只苍鹭停在他面前的树枝上。摄影师举起相机拍了下来。摄影师看着这张照片，感到特别高兴。令他惊讶的是，他看到在苍鹭的后面，他的照片还捕捉到了一只非常非常罕见的啄木鸟飞过。他没有看到它，但他甚至没有尝试，他拍到了一只比他瞄准的那只更稀有的鸟)”可知，摄影师本来想拍苍鹭，结果偶然拍到了更稀有的啄木鸟，所以第一段中的“serendipity”一词是指偶然发现有价值的东西。故选C。 51．细节理解题。根据第二段“Back in the 1800s, a man called Wellswas at a demonstration (演示) of laughing gas. After being given the gas, the patient started laughing, as expected. But then he suddenly fell over and cut his le g rather badly. To everyone’s surprise, the man reported that he couldn’t feel any pain.(早在19世纪，一个叫威尔斯的人参加了笑气的演示。不出所料，注射完气体后，病人笑了起来。但是他突然摔倒了，伤得很重。令每个人吃惊的是，那个人报告说他感觉不到任何疼痛)”可知，气体的止痛作用让威尔斯感到惊讶。故选B。 52．细节理解题。根据第三段“Jane, a friend of mine, was trying to come up with an idea for an article but got completely stuck. Frustrated, she decided to go out to a local café.(我的一个朋友简试图想出一个文章的想法，但完全卡住了。她很沮丧，决定去当地的一家咖啡馆)”可知，简去咖啡馆是为了休息一下。故选A。 53．推理判断题。根据第一段“This is an example of serendipity.(这是一个意外发现的例子)”以及第三段“Most of us can probably think of at least one example of serendipity in our own lives. (在我们的生活中，我们大多数人可能至少能想到一个意外的例子)”结合文章主要通过三件事来说明生活中会偶然发现有价值的事物的现象。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释一个概念。故选A。 （十五） （23-24高一上·浙江绍兴·期末）If exercise seems like a great idea but you can never keep up a routine, it’s worth thinking about your exercise “mindset” — defined by psychologists as attitudes that shape our behaviour and reality. Research evidence is mounting that identifying some of our most habitual beliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones can revive our ability to keep ourselves healthy. “Whether they’re true or not, mindsets have an effect,” says Dr. Alia Crum. “They change what we pay attention to, what we’re motivated to do, how we feel emotionally about what we’re doing and what we decide to prioritize (优先处理).” For instance, maybe you’ve tried to shame or scare yourself into going to the gym by reconsidering the health risks of not moving. Or perhaps you’ve aimed to get active by thinking of the long-term positive aspects of exercise: exercising regularly is 1.5 times more effective than taking medicine in easing depression, stress and anxiety. In contrast, thinking about exercise in all-or-nothing terms — “I need at least 30 minutes or there’s no point” — is the enemy of consistency. You want to use the mindset that “any and all movement is worth it, and everything counts,” says Dr. Michelle Segar, a researcher at the University of Michigan. Even a quick walk in the middle of a busy day is good for your well-being. If that doesn’t agree with your perfectionist tendencies (倾向), consider whether those tendencies have worked for you. Though strict standards may help some people, for many others they backfire, creating a cycle of failure. Besides bringing flexibility (灵活性) to how you view your movement, changing your “why” for getting active can also help keep up motivation. Rather than seeing workouts as a way to lose weight, it can help to focus on more immediately pleasant reasons to do it, like clearing your mind or feeling less stressed. Regarding the process of exercise as something that’s attractive makes a difference. The key is to focus on the pleasure that exercise can bring, and then pick an activity that is actually rewarding. 54．What’s the writing purpose of paragraph 1? A．To give a general description of mindset. B．To explain people’s confusion over mindset. C．To investigate the reasons for habitual behaviors. D．To stress the importance of adapting exercise mindset. 55．What can be learned about Alia Crum’s point of view? A．Everything matters in promoting one’s health. B．Mindsets affect one’s motivation and decision to act. C．It’s a good idea to make an exercise plan more flexible. D．It’s necessary to take some enjoyable and valuable exercise. 56．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in paragraph 3? A．Strict standards require people to work out every day. B．Strict standards aren’t suitable for those perfectionists. C．Strict standards may lead to the opposite result for others. D．Strict standards stop people revising their plans regularly. 57．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A New Study of Exercise Routine B．Focus on the Pleasure of Exercise C．The Power of Your Exercise Mindset D．Exercise Mindset and Failures Connected 【答案】54．D 55．B 56．C 57．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了锻炼心态的重要性，心态对一个人行为和影响以及如何锻炼心态。 54．推理判断题。根据第一段“If exercise seems like a great idea but you can never keep up a routine, it’s worth thinking about your exercise “mindset” — defined by psychologists as attitudes that shape our behaviour and reality. Research evidence is mounting that identifying some of our most habitual beliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones can revive our ability to keep ourselves healthy.(如果锻炼看起来是个好主意，但你永远无法坚持下去，那就值得考虑一下你的锻炼“心态”——心理学家将其定义为塑造我们行为和现实的态度。越来越多的研究证据表明，识别出我们最习惯性的一些信念，并用更具适应性的信念取代它们，可以恢复我们保持健康的能力)”可推知，第一段的写作目的是强调调整锻炼心态的重要性。故选D。 55．细节理解题。根据第二段“They change what we pay attention to, what we’re motivated to do, how we feel emotionally about what we’re doing and what we decide to prioritize (优先处理).(它们会改变我们的注意力，我们的动机，我们对我们正在做的事情的情感感受以及我们决定优先考虑的事情)”可知，心态影响一个人行动的动机和决定。故选B。 56．词句猜测题。根据划线句上文“Though strict standards may help some people”可知，though引导让步状语从句，表示转折关系，说明尽管严格的标准可能会帮助一些人，但对许多其他人来说，严格的标准可能会给其他人带来相反的结果，故划线句意思是“严格的标准可能会给其他人带来相反的结果”。故选C。 57．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If exercise seems like a great idea but you can never keep up a routine, it’s worth thinking about your exercise “mindset” — defined by psychologists as attitudes that shape our behaviour and reality. Research evidence is mounting that identifying some of our most habitual beliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones can revive our ability to keep ourselves healthy.(如果锻炼看起来是个好主意，但你永远无法坚持下去，那就值得考虑一下你的锻炼“心态”——心理学家将其定义为塑造我们行为和现实的态度。越来越多的研究证据表明，识别出我们最习惯性的一些信念，并用更具适应性的信念取代它们，可以恢复我们保持健康的能力)”结合文章主要说明了锻炼心态的重要性，心态对一个人行为和影响以及如何锻炼心态。由此可知，C选项“锻炼心态的力量”最符合文章标题。故选C。 （十六） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Of all the ways to define (定义) a challenge, the simplest works best: a call for special effort. It applies to everyone. It’s not enough to say that skiing a black diamond is a challenge; or that snowshoeing a 10-kilometr e route is a challenge. For some, neither may be. For others, both are unimaginable. A call for special effort means only you know when you’re being challenged. If you’re red-faced and out of breath, it’s probably a challenge. If you have to focus and work hard to complete the task, consider yourself challenged. This season, we sourced 10 of the most exciting winter challenges around Canada. Sure, there are some that even the writer has no intention of trying, but they all excite the imagination. They’re all about inspiring outdoor experiences at ExploreTM. We encourage adaptation as well as adoption. When you read the feature (专栏) on page 28, you may give up the 6633 Arctic Ultra as well as the Ice Mile—but the Wapta Traverse, the famous Rocky Mountain ski tour, or the Pentathlon des Neiges, in Quebec City, may fit the bill nicely. Or maybe it’s a day-tour in the Rockies and sampling just one of the Pentathlon sports in a more relaxed setting. It’s up to you. We wrote this article because we want you to see the possibility of winter: to look beyond a simple, though satisfying, day on the ski hill or skate on a nearby lake; to see winter as every bit as colorful as summer. 58．What does the writer think is the best way to define a challenge? A．Skiing a black diamond. B．A call for special effort. C．Applying it to everyone. D．Snowshoeing a challenging route. 59．How does the writer feel about the 10 winter challenges around Canada in Paragraph 3? A．They are worth trying. B．They are the most challenging. C．They are suitable for the writer. D．They fail to fire the imagination. 60．Which of the following will the writer avoid recommending? A．The Ice Mile. B．The Wapta Traverse. C．The Pentathlon des Neiges. D．The Rocky Mountain ski tour. 61．What is the purpose of writing this article? A．To define a challenge. B．To introduce Canada’s sights. C．To praise adventurous tourists. D．To encourage exploring winter challenges. 【答案】58．B 59．A 60．A 61．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章号召人们去加拿大挑战十个最令人兴奋的冬季挑战项目。 58．细节理解题。根据第一段“Of all the ways to define (定义) a challenge, the simplest works best: a call for special effort.”（在所有定义挑战的方法中，最简单的方法效果最好：号召特别的努力。它适用于每个人。）可知，作者认为定义挑战的最佳方式是需要特别的努力。故选B项。 59．细节理解题。根据第三段“This season, we sourced 10 of the most exciting winter challenges around Canada. Sure, there are some that even the writer has no intention of trying, but they all excite the imagination. They’re all about inspiring outdoor experiences at ExploreTM. We encourage adaptation as well as adoption.”（这一季，我们在加拿大挑选了10个最令人兴奋的冬季挑战项目。当然，有一些甚至连作者都不想尝试，但它们都能激发想象力。它们都是关于在ExploreTM激发灵感的户外体验。我们鼓励适应和采用。）可知，作者认为加拿大冬季的十大挑战值得一试。故选A项。 60．推理判断题。根据第四段“When you read the feature (专栏) on page 28, you may give up the 6633 Arctic Ultra as well as the Ice Mile—but the Wapta Traverse, the famous Rocky Mountain ski tour, or the Pentathlon des Neiges, in Quebec City, may fit the bill nicely.”（当你阅读第28页的专题时，你可能会放弃6633北极极限和冰英里，但著名的落基山滑雪之旅瓦普塔特拉弗斯，或者魁北克市的内吉斯五项全能，可能很符合你的要求。）可知，作者会避免推荐的是the Ice Mile。故选A项。 61．推理判断题。根据第五段“We wrote this article because we want you to see the possibility of winter: to look beyond a simple, though satisfying, day on the ski hill or skate on a nearby lake; to see winter as every bit as colorful as summer.”（我们写这篇文章是因为我们想让你看到冬天的可能性：不仅仅是在滑雪山上或附近的湖上度过一个简单但令人满意的一天；把冬天看得和夏天一样多姿多彩。）可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励探索冬季挑战。故选D项。 （十七） （23-24高一上·浙江绍兴·期末）In September, when UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay visited Zhoukoudian in suburban Beijing, which is famous for the discovery of Peking Man living between 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, she was full of praise for the structure that successfully protected Yuanrendong Cave from an unusual rainstorm in July. The cave in the central area of the site has so far revealed the remains of 40 individuals. The structure protects the site from the weather, including heavy wind, snow and hail, and its design fits in with the surrounding environment, Qin Changwei, secretary-general of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO, said at the 2nd World Cultural and Natural Heritage Forum in Beijing on Nov. 17 and 18. “It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.” Organized by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region under the Auspices of UNESCO(Beijing), and the China Foundation for Cultural Heritage Conservation among others, the forum brought together some 50 professionals to discuss the protection and sustainable (可持续发展的) development of heritage sites. Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem. “Entering the 21st century, climate change has been the subject of in-depth discussion by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration,” says Qin. “Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans,” he adds. 62．Why was China praised for the structure in Zhoukoudian? A．It attracts an increasing number of visitors. B．It matches the surrounding buildings in design. C．It is well preserved from destructive human activities. D．It sets a good example to cultural heritage protection. 63．What topic is covered in the Beijing forum? A．The effects of climate change on heritage sites. B．The preservation of the original structure. C．The unsuitable response to disasters. D．The unacceptable human behaviours. 64．According to Qin, what can be done to deal with the problem? A．Strengthening international cooperation. B．Hosting more in-depth discussion forums. C．Making plans for risk prevention individually. D．Turning attention to developing space technology. 65．What is the main concern of the author? A．The loss of balance between humans and nature. B．The lack of measures taken to preserve heritage. C．The growing weather threat that Heritage sites face. D．The worsening relation between climate change and humans. 【答案】62．D 63．A 64．A 65．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国因为周口店的建筑而受到称赞，因为它为文化遗产保护树立了一个好榜样。文章还解释了气候变化对遗产的影响以及解决方案。 62．细节理解题。根据第二段“It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.(它为保护珍贵文物提供了参考，并提出了帮助遗产地应对气候变化影响的措施)”可知，中国因为周口店的建筑而受到称赞是因为它为文化遗产保护树立了一个好榜样。故选D。 63．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem.(学者们强调了气候变化对遗产地的影响，并就如何解决这一问题提出了建议)”可知，北京论坛将讨论气候变化对遗产地的影响。故选A。 64．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans,” he adds.(“解决这个问题需要我们团结起来，充分利用先进技术，如空间和数字技术，共同制定风险防范和应对计划，”他补充说)”可知，应该加强国际合作解决这个问题。故选A。 65．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration (如何平衡人与自然，如何应对气候变化带来的自然灾害，以及这给世界遗产地带来的新挑战，这些问题都值得考虑)”可知，作者主要关心的是遗产遗址面临的日益严重的天气威胁。故选C。 （十八） （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）Sleep is so important that it has long interested scientists. Scientists have studied everything from mice to fruit flies in the lab to get a better understanding of what happens when animals sleep and why they do it. However, gathering data (数据) on how animals sleep in their natural habitat has always been hard to do. But scientists did just that with wild chinstrap penguins in Antarctica. In doing so, researchers found the birds took over ten thousand microsleeps throughout the day — adding up to a 11-hour-long sleep. To study the penguins, scientists put devices (设备) into a small group of penguins’ brain and neck muscles, which provided the brain wave and location data. The devices had never been used before, so this data collection was only supposed to be a test. However, the process went so well and the data was published in this study. Researchers found that the microsleeps last only seconds. Researchers think that being able to sleep for such a short time might help the animals avoid predators (捕食者) that might more likely attack if the penguins were asleep for longer — especially when one parent goes out feeding in the ocean for days, leaving the other parent to protect the eggs from predatory birds. The study is an early insight into a relatively large missing scientific knowledge about sleep. “Almost every study on sleeping birds discovers something new, something we didn’t know about before,” says study co-author Paul-Antoine Libourel. Vladyslav Vyazovskiy, a sleep neuroscientist at the University of Oxford who didn’t join in the study, is excited about this new data because “most of what we know about the animal sleep was gained in laboratory conditions, which are totally different from conditions where sleep developed”. 66．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The study method. B．The device introduction. C．The research purpose. D．The background information. 67．What is a possible reason for penguins’ microsleeps? A．Feeding baby birds. B．Getting longer sleep. C．Avoiding being hunted. D．Attacking other birds. 68．What’s Vyazovskiy’s attitude towards the study? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Confused. D．Objective. 69．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Animal Sleep Is Researched in the Lab B．Penguins Gain a Different Way of Sleep C．Sleep Is of Great Importance to Penguins D．Penguins Take Thousands of Microsleeps a Day 【答案】66．A 67．C 68．B 69．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍科学家们通过研究发现，南极洲野生帽带企鹅一天中有超过1万个微睡眠。 66．主旨大意题。根据第三段“To study the penguins, scientists put devices (设备) into a small group of penguins’ brain and neck muscles, which provided the brain wave and location data. The devices had never been used before, so this data collection was only supposed to be a test. However, the process went so well and the data was published in this study.(为了研究企鹅，科学家们在一小群企鹅的大脑和颈部肌肉中植入了设备，这些设备提供了脑电波和位置数据。这些设备以前从未使用过，所以这次数据收集只是一个测试。然而，这个过程进行得很顺利，数据发表在了这项研究中。)”可知，科学家们在一小群企鹅的大脑和颈部肌肉中植入了以前从未使用过的设备，这些设备提供脑电波和位置数据，收集到的数据发表在了这项研究中；由此可知，本段主要介绍了这项研究的方法——通过植入设备来获取数据。故选A。 67．细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchers found that the microsleeps last only seconds. Researchers think that being able to sleep for such a short time might help the animals avoid predators (捕食者) that might more likely attack if the penguins were asleep for longer — especially when one parent goes out feeding in the ocean for days, leaving the other parent to protect the eggs from predatory birds.(研究人员发现，微睡眠只持续几秒钟。研究人员认为，能够睡这么短的时间可能有助于这些动物避开捕食者，如果企鹅睡得更久，捕食者更有可能攻击它们——尤其是当父母中的一方在海洋中觅食数天，留下另一方保护企鹅蛋免受掠食性鸟类的伤害。)”可知，研究人员认为，微睡眠可能有助于这些动物避开捕食者，如果企鹅睡得更久，捕食者更有可能攻击它们；由此可知，企鹅的微睡眠很可能是为了避免被捕食者猎杀。故选C。 68．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Vladyslav Vyazovskiy, a sleep neuroscientist at the University of Oxford who didn’t join in the study, is excited about this new data because “most of what we know about the animal sleep was gained in laboratory conditions, which are totally different from conditions where sleep developed”.(牛津大学的睡眠神经科学家Vladyslav Vyazovskiy没有参与这项研究，他对这些新数据感到兴奋，因为‘我们对动物睡眠的大部分了解都是在实验室条件下获得的，这与睡眠发展的条件完全不同’。)”可知，Vladyslav Vyazovskiy没有参与这项研究，但他对这些新数据感到兴奋，因为他认为他们对动物睡眠的大部分了解都是在实验室条件下获得的，而这项研究不同；由此可知，Vladyslav Vyazovskiy对这项研究是持肯定态度的。故选B。 69．主旨大意题。第二段“But scientists did just that with wild chinstrap penguins in Antarctica. In doing so, researchers found the birds took over ten thousand microsleeps throughout the day — adding up to a 11-hour-long sleep.(但科学家们在南极洲对野生帽带企鹅进行了实验。在这样做的过程中，研究人员发现这些鸟在一天中有超过1万个微睡眠，加起来总共有11个小时的睡眠。)”介绍了科学家们通过对南极洲野生帽带企鹅研究发现，这些鸟在一天中有超过1万个微睡眠，加起来总共有11个小时的睡眠；下文介绍了这项研究的方法，研究发现以及这项研究的意义；由此可知，本文主要阐述一项研究发现——南极洲野生帽带企鹅一天中有超过1万个微睡眠；D选项“Penguins Take Thousands of Microsleeps a Day(企鹅每天有数千个微睡眠)”能够概括本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。 （十九） （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）San Francisco’s waterfront (海滨) is on the National Register of Historic Places for good reason. Its beautiful old landmarks, like the Ferry Building and the Bay Bridge, have been seen in many books, TV shows and movies—from the stories and novels of Jack London to the 1970s TV series The Streets of San Francisco. The future of San Francisco’s waterfront, however, isn’t safe. In 2016, the National Trust for Historic Preservation put part of the city’s shoreline on its list of the U. S.’s most endangered historic places, in part because of the threat of sea level rise. The waterfront landmarks of many cities are under increasing threat from floods and rising sea levels brought on by human-driven climate change. St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice, Italy and the Venice Beach boardwalk in Los Angeles face similar challenges to San Francisco. “The whole issue of climate change and historic preservation intersects (交织) right at the waterfront,” said Elaine Forbes, director of the Port of San Francisco. As she watched the boats come and go on a sunny afternoon, Forbes said, “Sea level rise hasn’t historically been as much of a threat to San Francisco as major earthquakes.” However, that’s changed. Parts of the main road that runs along the waterfront have flooded from heavy rains in recent years. The state estimates (预估) the water could rise up to about two and a half feet above its present level by 2060, and possibly up to seven feet by the turn of the century. Now, San Francisco is considering measures to save its historic shoreline. But the growing magnitude and frequency of the climate-related threats, the high costs and effort needed in saving heritage sites, and competing ideas about what’s worth saving and what isn’t, can make it hard for cities to know what to do first. 70．What is San Francisco’s waterfront famous for? A．Old landmarks. B．Famous beaches. C．Beautiful bridges. D．Comfortable climate. 71．What challenge is the waterfront facing? A．The loss of public support. B．The threat from rising sea levels. C．The influence of tourist activities. D．The competition from other cities. 72．Why is the earthquake mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To give an example of existing threats. B．To stress the seriousness of sea level rise. C．To compare different types of natural disasters. D．To show the difficulty in the waterfront protection. 73．What can be learned from the text? A．Heritage sites are in ruins. B．Threats have been removed. C．The shoreline has been flooded. D．Solutions are under consideration. 【答案】70．A 71．B 72．B 73．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了旧金山的滨水区如今面临海平面上升的威胁，同时许多城市的滨水地标正面临着由人类活动引起的气候变化带来的洪水和海平面上升的日益严重的威胁。 70．细节理解题。根据第二段“Its beautiful old landmarks, like the Ferry Building and the Bay Bridge, have been seen in many books, TV shows and movies—from the stories and novels of Jack London to the 1970s TV series The Streets of San Francisco. (它美丽的古老地标，如渡轮大厦和海湾大桥，在许多书籍、电视节目和电影中都有出现——从杰克·伦敦的故事和小说到20世纪70年代的电视剧《旧金山街道》)”可知，旧金山的滨水区以古老地标闻名。故选A。 71．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2016, the National Trust for Historic Preservation put part of the city’s shoreline on its list of the U. S.’s most endangered historic places, in part because of the threat of sea level rise.(2016年，美国国家历史保护信托基金会将该市的部分海岸线列入了美国最濒危的历史遗迹名单，部分原因是海平面上升的威胁)”可知，滨水区面临海平面上升的威胁。故选B。 72．推理判断题。根据第四段“Parts of the main road that runs along the waterfront have flooded from heavy rains in recent years. The state estimates (预估) the water could rise up to about two and a half feet above its present level by 2060, and possibly up to seven feet by the turn of the century.(近年来，沿着滨水区的部分主要道路因暴雨而被淹没。该州估计，到2060年，水位可能会上升到比现在高2.5英尺左右，到世纪之交可能会上升到7英尺)”可推知，第四段提到了地震是为了强调海平面上升的严重性。故选B。 73．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now, San Francisco is considering measures to save its historic shoreline.(现在，旧金山正在考虑采取措施保护其历史悠久的海岸线)”可知，解决方案正在考虑之中。故选D。 （二十） （23-24高一上·浙江衢州·期末）Anxious thinker. Loner. Wallflower. These are some negative comments for “introvert” (内向者), showing a common mind-set in America. Actually they just interact differently; they do well when given time alone to think and prefer close conversations. American society is ruled by the “Extrovert Ideal (外向理想型)”: successful people take risks and always voice their opinion, whether or not they know what they’re doing. The problem is that people value this ideal so much that they often ignore meaningful opinions from the quieter introverts. Isn’t there something problematic about having to get our thoughts out before we finish thinking about them? Over-stressing the Extrovert Ideal can lead to unwise decisions. In one case, several introverts, who tend to be more careful and think more, pointed out warning signals before the economic downturn of 2008. But the decision makers — often the bold, risk-taking types —ignored their opinion. People say introverts often overthink every decision. Yes, maybe we think before we speak. But is that really so bad? Of course, social skills are important for everyone. But the misunderstanding about how introverts work creates a cultural bias (偏见). Required class participation at school often leads to students shouting out whatever thoughts come to their mind, too pressured by their participation grade to take the time and think of a meaningful response. During the Covid-19quarantine, some of my classes started using Parlay, a website that allows for discussions through anonymous (匿名的) written comments. I saw that many of my classes were able to have deeper conversations this way, freed from the pressures of having to speak up on the spot. So encouraging a balanced variety of learning methods can reduce the existing bias. Society seems to think only the loud and outgoing ones can make a difference. But Rosa Parks was known for being “soft spoken” and “timid.” Gandhi said, “In a gentle way, you can shake the world.” So please, give us introverts a chance to change the world in our own quiet way! 74．What is the author’s attitude towards the “Extrovert Ideal”? A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Favorable. D．Unclear. 75．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The benefit of the Extrovert Ideal. B．The introverts’ poor social skills. C．The harm of over-valuing extroverts. D．The extroverts’ ways of decision-making. 76．According to the author, teachers can improve the situation of introverted students by ______. A．requiring no class participation B．providing online learning platforms C．allowing different learning styles D．conducting free classroom discussions 77．What does the underlined word “timid” in the last paragraph mean? A．Brave. B．Lazy. C．Easygoing. D．Shy. 【答案】74．B 75．C 76．C 77．D 【导语】本文是说明文。在美国人们常常对内向者有很多负面评论。但事实上，内向者只是互动方式不同。当他们有时间独处思考时，他们会表现得很好，并且更喜欢近距离交谈。文章主要介绍了过度推崇外向型人格的危害以及该如何鼓励内向型者。 74．推理判断题。根据第二段中“American society is ruled by the “Extrovert Ideal (外向理想型)”: successful people take risks and always voice their opinion, whether or not they know what they’re doing. The problem is that people value this ideal so much that they often ignore meaningful opinions from the quieter introverts.(美国社会奉行“外向理想型”：成功人士敢于冒险，总是表达自己的意见，无论他们是否知道自己在做什么。问题是，人们太看重这种理想，以至于常常忽视安静内向者提出的有意义的意见。)”可知，作者对于“外向理想型”人格持怀疑态度，故选B。 75．主旨大意题。第三段第一句话“Over-stressing the Extrovert Ideal can lead to unwise decisions. (过度强调外向理想可能会导致不明智的决定。)”是中心句，接着作者举例子来证明，然后作者表达了自己的观点“But the decision makers — often the bold, risk-taking types —ignored their opinion. People say introverts often overthink every decision. Yes, maybe we think before we speak. But is that really so bad?(但决策者——通常是大胆、敢于冒险的人——忽视了他们的意见。人们说内向的人常常在做每一个决定时都考虑得太多。是的，也许我们在说话之前先思考一下。但这真的那么糟糕吗？)”，即指出了过度强调外向型的危害。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了过度强调外向型的危害。故选C。 76．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But the misunderstanding about how introverts work creates a cultural bias (偏见)...So encouraging a balanced variety of learning methods can reduce the existing bias.(但对内向者如何工作的误解造成了文化偏见……因此，鼓励平衡的多种学习方法可以减少现有的偏见。)”可知，作者认为，教师可以通过允许不同的学习方式的存在来改善内向学生的状况，故选C。 77．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Society seems to think only the loud and outgoing ones can make a difference. (社会似乎认为只有大声和外向的人才能有所作为。)”和划线单词所在句子“But Rosa Parks was known for being “soft spoken” and “timid.”(但罗莎·帕克斯以“说话温和”和“timid”而闻名)”可知，but前后是转折对比关系，前文提到大声和外向，后文与之对应的应为说话温柔和胆小，即loud和soft spoken对应，outgoing和timid相对应，由此可推知，划线单词意为“胆怯的”，与shy(胆小的；害羞的)意思相近，故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$