专题03 阅读理解之议论文（期末真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（浙江专用）

专题03 阅读理解之议论文 （一） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive. Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid. Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Words have a great effect on us. B．Encouraging words give us confidence. C．Negative words may let us down. D．Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us. 2．Why is there no need for us to feel ashamed when we talk to ourselves? A．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves. B．Talking to ourselves can have positive effect on us. C．Talking to ourselves always gives us courage. D．It does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．Make ourselves relaxed. B．Remind ourselves. C．Praise ourselves. D．Give ourselves happiness. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers. B．Negative words may inspire us to make more progress. C．It is better to think twice before talking to others. D．People tend to remember friendly words. （二） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末）Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts. Silence is now big business, with the global market for noise-cancelling headphones bringing $13.1 billion in 2021. Experts predict that this figure will triple by 2031. While these market-based solutions are becoming popular, they raise a question: Are there physical and social effects to shutting out the world around us? Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control. However, too much of a good thing also has its downsides. Many studies have shown that constant earplug wearing, day and night, over just one week can lead to a condition known as tinnitus (耳鸣). “When you stop listening to outside sounds, your brain starts to turn up its ‘internal volume’ so that it can still pick up on things.” McAlpine says. “If you stop the sound going into your ears, it’s like messing with how your brain is supposed to work naturally.” When it comes to distraction (干扰), the type of noise may matter as much as volume. Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example. “Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office. Even if it isn’t as noisy,” McAlpine says. “Your brain in the office is automatically paying attention to all those other conversations — because they might be about something you need to know.” How, then, can we deal with all the loud distractions in our modern lives? An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine. “We have given more control to outside sources over our sound environment compared to our visual environment,” he says. If people started wearing AR/VR goggles and living in their own virtual worlds instead of focusing on improving the physical environment, “And that’s problematic.” 5．What is the purpose of noise-cancelling headphones? A．To pick up the sounds. B．To reduce the rate of tinnitus. C．To improve performance on creative tasks. D．To create a sense of silence in noisy environments. 6．Which statement is TRUE according to the article? A．Wearing noise-cancelling headphones has no physical or social costs. B．Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise. C．Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s for concertgoers. D．The global market for noise-cancelling headphones is believed to drop by 2031. 7．What does the underlined word “buzzy” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Lively. B．Advanced. C．Interesting. D．Quiet. 8．What attitude does McAlpine hold towards the over-dependence on the technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. （三） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, how can our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of it? The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation (修缮) and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city's past. Some have argued that historic preservation is too expensive, but many recent projects have demonstrated that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation of an existing structure for adaptive reuse can cost about £40 per square metre less than even the most basic new construction, while preserving the beauty of the original building. And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren’t very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New construction almost always has a more serious environmental impact (影响) because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered. 9．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 10．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 11．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces enviromental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 12．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. （四） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）I’ve spent much of my life dealing with written and spoken words. Now I’m a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in artificial intelligence(AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate. AI voices are normalized and yet cold, no matter which accent(口音)you set your Siri or Amazon Alexa into. It’s difficult to normalize language to be inoffensive because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed. Yet this is exactly what we’re asking artificial intelligence to do for us on a billion-person scale. Once these rules are carried out by machines, they’re unavoidable and create much bigger issues. We notice that there is an active desire to only include standardized language in AI-powered tools in an attempt to avoid including potentially hateful or offensive language. And these AI-powered tools are exactly what we use to complete our thoughts almost at any given time. They are everywhere—in our emails, word processors, and web pages. The machines are pushing us into a common tongue, and we accept it as a matter of convenience. But what’s the cost? We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people. In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia(维基百科) article. We use tone(语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this. 13．What does the underlined word “inoffensive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Hateful B．Valuable C．Harmless D．Beneficial 14．How can we promote AI voice? A．AI voice should be legalized. B．AI voice should be modernized. C．AI voice should be standardized. D．AI voice should be personalized. 15．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．AI systems should be improved. B．AI systems deserve more support. C．AI systems are becoming more human like. D．AI systems are destroying our communication. 16．What’s the author’s tone in the passage? A．Praising. B．Concerned. C．Humorous. D．Matter-of-fact. （五） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said. In the UK, outsiders often get confused when they realise that a person making rude comments was actually showing love. In situations like this, context is everything. Likewise, in China, outsiders must infer most meaning from context and from what is not said, rather than from what is. Otherwise, misunderstandings happen. The UK and China contexts share further cultural features, which greatly influence how people communicate, including the cultural trait (特点) of non-conflict. The British will do everything to avoid conflict. They will probably tell the waiter it was lovely even when served with poor quality food. This cultural trait can cause major misunderstandings. For example, a British business partner who is deeply unhappy with your proposal will probably say “there are just a couple of small concerns,” rather than telling you that the entire proposal is unsatisfactory. Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. Often challenges, errors, mistakes, or problems remain completely taboos (禁忌) as topics of discussion, even though everyone knows of their existence. Instead, people talk about working towards further goals or objectives, rather than directly admit that the current situation is far from satisfactory. Likewise, Chinese people like to keep a sense of harmony within all environments, and so avoid open criticism of each other. This is very similar to the way that a British person might tell you a colleague “is very confident” rather than that they are rude. In this sense, the British and Chinese can appreciate each other for harmony. 17．What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2? A．Polite comments are encouraged. B．Learning what is not said is difficult. C．Context is important in communication. D．Misunderstandings often happen among outsiders. 18．What will the British and the Chinese probably both agree with? A．Talking over taboos in discussions. B．Preventing misunderstandings in work. C．Avoiding discussing one’s mistakes in public. D．Making use of cultural traits in communication. 19．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using figures. B．By making comparison. C．By listing reasons. D．By making classifications. 20．Which is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Cultural Context B．Conflict Prevention C．Cultural Differences D．Communication Puzzles （六） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）A recent study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that while sportsmanship among players has improved over the years, sportsmanship in the fans and parents has reduced. It has always interested me why people in the stands often feel they have invested more than the actual participants. Is it the time and money invested into private lessons and travel teams? Is it the college scholarship we need our children to earn? Is it the fear of seeing our kids fail? In any event, we, as parents and fans, should all take a step back and determine if we are helping our kids, or undermining the experience. As a father of four kids who enjoys participating in athletics, I have to remind myself that it is okay when my kid misses a shot, strikes out, or doesn’t play good enough defense. That fact is, it is their game and their experience, and my playing days are over. A good reminder for me when I feel that my kid needs my advice from the stands comes from the great John Wooden, basketball player and head coach at the University of California at Los Angeles. He once said, “Young people need models, not critics (批判者) .” Instead of being upset with what my kid is not doing well, or how an official has “cheated” our team, I should focus on helping my kid learn to respect the other team. I should watch my language and the negative comments that could come from my mouth. I should respect the officials and not argue every call that is made. Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose. Life is tough, and life is not fair. Like life, sports are tough and not always fair. Yet sports can be a wonderful training ground for life’s challenges. Just like we win some and lose some in sports, we also deal with plenty of successes, challenges and failures in our lives. Let’s try to be good sports in both the winning and losing situations and during our successes, challenges and failures. 21．Why does the author mention NCAA’s recent study? A．To introduce the topic of sportsmanship. B．To prove the reduction of sportsmanship. C．To stress the experience of sportsmanship D．To show the improvement of sportsmanship 22．What does the underlined word “invested” mean in paragraph 1? A．Profited. B．Absorbed. C．Devoted. D．Harvested. 23．What should parents do to encourage sportsmanship according to the text? A．Express deep concern about the other teams’ skills. B．Make positive comments on their kids’ performance. C．Back their kids’ team whatever the result of athletics is. D．Respect the other players’ honor whatever cheating happens. 24．Which words can best describe the author? A．Modest and demanding. B．Strict and responsible. C．Kind and warm-hearted. D．Understanding and broad-minded. （七） （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）Cultural heritage is really important in terms of promoting tourism of a place as it helps develop the local economy. But it certainly does not stop there. There is a deeper significance on preserving our cultural heritage than the possibility of bringing income for local communities. It is understanding and appreciating our way of life as a people. Our cultural heritage is what connects the past and the present, which can be helpful to the future. There is wisdom as to how buildings were built a certain way during ancient (古代)times. We can pick a learning or two from them that can be more effective when we blend (融合) with our modern practices. It is also our connecting bridge to cultures that share similarities with us, strengthening our ethnic bond as a human race. It also enhances our societies as we find fulfillment and pride in shaping our cultural identity. Understanding our cultural heritage also influences our understanding of our humanity (人性). Why some of them disappear is partially because of lack of understanding why they were being done in the first place. Historian Simon Thurley views it as a cycle: by understanding cultural heritage, we come to value it; by valuing it, we want to care for it: by caring for it, we enjoy it and help other people enjoy it, too; and from enjoying it, people thirst to understand. 25．What does the underlined sentence probably mean? A．Promoting tourism should be stopped. B．Our way of life as a people matters a lot. C．Developing the local economy doesn't make sense. D．Preserving cultural heritage doesn't only benefit economy. 26．Why does the author mention ancient buildings in paragraph 2? A．To tell people they are out of date. B．To show cultural heritage is helpful. C．To stress old buildings are amazing. D．To prove modern buildings are effective. 27．What's the passage mainly about? A．The promotion of cultural tourism. B．The influence of culture on lifestyle. C．The importance of cultural heritage. D．The disappearance of cultural heritage. （八） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport”. Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take par realize the cruelty and destruction. The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and gun-carrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins（血管）. They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate（刺激）a desire to own a gun. Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat Habitatloss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved. Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people. Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of mortality can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war. 28．According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because . A．they have little knowledge of it. B．it helps to build human character. C．it is too costly to stop killing wildlife. D．they want to keep wildlife under control. 29．The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means . A．difficulty. B．tress. C．pain. D．sadness. 30．According to the text, the films children watch at school actually . A．teach them how to deal with guns safely. B．praise hunting as character building. C．describe hunting as a physical exercise. D．encourage them to have guns of their own. 31．By saying “perhaps we should encourage war”, the writer intends to tell us that . A．Hunting to build human character makes no sense. B．War in the best way to improve human character. C．We are on the edge of war against gunners. D．Protecting wildlife from gunners is extremely difficult. （九） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）In the 11th century, nearly 500 years before Leonardo da Vinci drew a similar flying machine, a young monk（修道士）called Eilmer fixed wings to his hands and feet and jumped off a tower at Malmesbury Abbey in England. After he had glided（滑翔）more than 200 metres, a gust of wind caught him, and he crashed, breaking both legs. Eilmer's courage seems to show much about the Middle Ages, as Seb Falk, a historian, presents them in The Light Ages. It shows scientific curiosity and experimental spit, much of which appeared in religious institutions, There were a lot of dead ends, but there was progress too. And that period of time doesn't deserve to be tainted（玷污）as “the Dark Ages”. A deeply rooted prejudice（偏见）holds that nothing much happened in the Middle Ages. Mr Falk sets out to doubt it. He acknowledged that medieval（中世纪的）science was not the same as the modern kind Astronomy was the most important discipline, but astrology（占星学）was respectable too, and it turned into magic. Monks worked to understand “a living universe created by God”. But were the methods really so different? Facing the unknown, human beings created a mass of theories that gradually got reduced through observation and experiment. That described medieval science as much as today's. The mechanical clock, spectacles, advances in navigation—these were among the achievements of the Middle Ages. Medieval astronomers produced a theory that influenced Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. By hen Nicolaus Copernicus overturned everything they held dear, by placing the sun at the centre of the universe; but he couldn’t have done so without their achievements. 32．What is the author's main purpose of mentioning Eilmer's deed in the first paragraph? A．To tell how fearless the young monk was. B．To give a look into the science in the Middle Ages. C．To show the severe effects of an unsuccessful experiment. D．To explain the reason why Eilmer filed in the experiment. 33．What is the author's possible attitude towards the science of the Middle Ages? A．Doubtful. B．Unelear. C．Positive. D．Negative. 34．The third paragraph implies that________. A．the medieval science is completely the same as the modern kind B．the modern science is much more advanced than the medieval kind C．there is no similarity between the medieval science and the modern kind D．the medieval science does have something in common with the modern kind 35．Which of the following might be the topic of the text? A．The masterpiece of Seb Falk. B．The inventions in the Middle Ages. C．The opinions about medieval science. D．The guesses of medieval astronomers. 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解之议论文 （一） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive. Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid. Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Words have a great effect on us. B．Encouraging words give us confidence. C．Negative words may let us down. D．Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us. 2．Why is there no need for us to feel ashamed when we talk to ourselves? A．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves. B．Talking to ourselves can have positive effect on us. C．Talking to ourselves always gives us courage. D．It does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．Make ourselves relaxed. B．Remind ourselves. C．Praise ourselves. D．Give ourselves happiness. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers. B．Negative words may inspire us to make more progress. C．It is better to think twice before talking to others. D．People tend to remember friendly words. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章强调了言语的力量，指出无论是对别人的言语还是自言自语，积极和消极的影响都是持久的，因此对自己说话时应及时给予表扬，对他人说话时应意识到自己的言语对他人的影响，三思而后行。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. (俗话说：“棍棒和石头可以打断我的骨头，但言语永远伤害不了我。”然而，事实并非如此。语言的力量可以建立我们，也可以让我们崩溃。不管这些话是别人说的还是我们自己说的，积极和消极的影响都是一样持久的。)”可知，本段主要说明了言语对我们有很大的积极的或消极的影响。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. (事实上，我们真的不应该害怕，因为越来越多的专家认为大声自言自语是一种健康的习惯。)”和第三段中“This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. (这种“自我对话”可以帮助我们激励自己，记住事情，解决问题，让自己冷静下来。)”可知，当我们自言自语时，我们没有必要感到羞耻，因为这对我们有积极的影响，有益于我们的心理健康。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线句的上文“So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. (因此，为了保持积极，我们应该只对自己说鼓励的话。)”和下文“The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” (下次当你完成一个项目，在考试中取得好成绩，或者终于打扫你的房间时，和我一起说“干得好！”)”可知，此处先提出自言自语的内容应该是鼓励的话，然后举例说明当自己做得好的时候，可以对自己说“干得好！”这样的话。由此推知，画线句应该是建议我们立即给自己一个表扬，即Praise ourselves“表扬自己”。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. (通常，话从我们嘴里说出来，我们没有考虑它们会有什么影响。但我们应该意识到，我们的话会引起别人的某些反应。)”、倒数第二段中“Words have power because of their lasting effect. (言语的力量在于它的持久效果。)”和最后一段中“Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. (言语具有力量：积极的和消极的。当我们积极地说话时，我们周围的人会受到鼓励。我们可以提供希望，建立自尊，激励他人做到最好。消极的话语摧毁了所有这些。)”可知，我们常常在说话时忘记言语的力量，但言语的确有或积极的，或消极的持久影响，深刻地影响他人。由此可知，和别人说话前我们最好三思而后行。故选C项。 （二） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末）Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts. Silence is now big business, with the global market for noise-cancelling headphones bringing $13.1 billion in 2021. Experts predict that this figure will triple by 2031. While these market-based solutions are becoming popular, they raise a question: Are there physical and social effects to shutting out the world around us? Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control. However, too much of a good thing also has its downsides. Many studies have shown that constant earplug wearing, day and night, over just one week can lead to a condition known as tinnitus (耳鸣). “When you stop listening to outside sounds, your brain starts to turn up its ‘internal volume’ so that it can still pick up on things.” McAlpine says. “If you stop the sound going into your ears, it’s like messing with how your brain is supposed to work naturally.” When it comes to distraction (干扰), the type of noise may matter as much as volume. Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example. “Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office. Even if it isn’t as noisy,” McAlpine says. “Your brain in the office is automatically paying attention to all those other conversations — because they might be about something you need to know.” How, then, can we deal with all the loud distractions in our modern lives? An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine. “We have given more control to outside sources over our sound environment compared to our visual environment,” he says. If people started wearing AR/VR goggles and living in their own virtual worlds instead of focusing on improving the physical environment, “And that’s problematic.” 5．What is the purpose of noise-cancelling headphones? A．To pick up the sounds. B．To reduce the rate of tinnitus. C．To improve performance on creative tasks. D．To create a sense of silence in noisy environments. 6．Which statement is TRUE according to the article? A．Wearing noise-cancelling headphones has no physical or social costs. B．Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise. C．Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s for concertgoers. D．The global market for noise-cancelling headphones is believed to drop by 2031. 7．What does the underlined word “buzzy” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Lively. B．Advanced. C．Interesting. D．Quiet. 8．What attitude does McAlpine hold towards the over-dependence on the technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中噪音干扰的问题以及人们使用降噪技术的现象。文章指出，虽然降噪技术在市场上大受欢迎，但过度使用可能带来身体和社会方面的负面影响。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts.(无论你走到哪里，人们似乎都在用某种东西来减少生活中的噪音。他们在公共交通工具上、长途飞行中或在开放式办公室里戴着戴耳式耳机，或者在音乐会上使用彩色耳塞)”和第二段中“Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control.(降噪技术最早是在20世纪50年代发展起来的，目的是为飞行员减少驾驶舱的噪音。今天的耳机使用了一种被称为主动噪声控制的技术)”可推知，降噪耳机是用于减少生活中的噪音，在嘈杂的环境中创造一种安静的感觉。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example.(例如，研究发现，适度的背景噪音(约70分贝)可以提高创造性任务的表现)”可知，适度的背景噪声可以提高创造性任务的表现，故“Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise.”是正确表述。故选B项。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office.(有些人可以在buzzy的咖啡馆甚至机场高效地工作，但他们却无法在办公室里保持同样的专注)”中“cafes(咖啡馆)”和常识可推知，咖啡馆是喧闹的，故buzzy与lively同义，意为“热闹的”。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine.(过度依赖降噪技术未必是解决问题的办法，麦卡尔平说)”可推知，McAlpine对过度依赖降噪技术持否定态度。故选A项。 （三） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, how can our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of it? The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation (修缮) and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city's past. Some have argued that historic preservation is too expensive, but many recent projects have demonstrated that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation of an existing structure for adaptive reuse can cost about £40 per square metre less than even the most basic new construction, while preserving the beauty of the original building. And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren’t very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New construction almost always has a more serious environmental impact (影响) because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered. 9．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 10．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 11．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces enviromental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 12．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．C 12．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们对保护遗产的看法。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living.(我小时候所熟悉的社区，到处都是美丽的老建筑，现在大部分都消失了，取而代之的是现代化的高层建筑。这是有充分理由的。居民们想要现代生活的一切便利)”可知，是人们对现代舒适的渴望驱使人们用新建筑取代旧建筑。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The renovation (修缮)and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world.(对历史街区的改造和保护可以成为一个经济引擎，吸引游客和小企业来到该地区。例如，在迪拜，历史悠久的Al bastikiya区每年吸引成千上万来自世界各地的游客)”可知，举Al bastikiya的例子表明：文物保护带来经济效益。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren't very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built.(而且，尽管人们经常声称老建筑的环境足迹比新建筑更大，因为它们不是很节能，但建筑师和环境专家坚持认为，最环保的建筑是已经建成的建筑)”可推知，翻新旧建筑减少了对环境的影响。故选C项。 12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered.(历史保护是一种提供多种可能性的选择；相反，拆迁是不可逆转的。一旦这些宝藏失去，它们就永远失去了，这是我们遗产中一个永远无法恢复的重要环节)”可推知，作者对历史保护的态度是积极的和支持的。故选A项。 （四） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）I’ve spent much of my life dealing with written and spoken words. Now I’m a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in artificial intelligence(AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate. AI voices are normalized and yet cold, no matter which accent(口音)you set your Siri or Amazon Alexa into. It’s difficult to normalize language to be inoffensive because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed. Yet this is exactly what we’re asking artificial intelligence to do for us on a billion-person scale. Once these rules are carried out by machines, they’re unavoidable and create much bigger issues. We notice that there is an active desire to only include standardized language in AI-powered tools in an attempt to avoid including potentially hateful or offensive language. And these AI-powered tools are exactly what we use to complete our thoughts almost at any given time. They are everywhere—in our emails, word processors, and web pages. The machines are pushing us into a common tongue, and we accept it as a matter of convenience. But what’s the cost? We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people. In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia(维基百科) article. We use tone(语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this. 13．What does the underlined word “inoffensive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Hateful B．Valuable C．Harmless D．Beneficial 14．How can we promote AI voice? A．AI voice should be legalized. B．AI voice should be modernized. C．AI voice should be standardized. D．AI voice should be personalized. 15．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．AI systems should be improved. B．AI systems deserve more support. C．AI systems are becoming more human like. D．AI systems are destroying our communication. 16．What’s the author’s tone in the passage? A．Praising. B．Concerned. C．Humorous. D．Matter-of-fact. 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就人工智能的声音提出作者自己的看法，作者认为我们应该提升人工智能的开放。 13．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed.(因为有时我们确实会让人感到不舒服，甚至让他们恼火。)”可知这种语言会让人们不舒服、甚至很恼火。由于划线单词前有“difficult”，由此判断，划线单词和“让人舒服、对人无害”相关。选项A“Hateful (可恨的)”；选项B“Valuable (昂贵的)”；选项C“Harmless (无害的)”；选项D“Beneficial (有益的)”。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The machines are pushing us into a common tongue, and we accept it as a matter of convenience. But what’s the cost? We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people.(机器正在推动我们使用一种通用的语言，我们为了方便而接受它。但代价是什么呢？我们用独特性和准确性来换取便利性。)”可知，作者认为人工智能的声音应该更具有个性化、独特性。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia(维基百科) article. We use tone(语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were bon based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this.(在现实世界中，人们不会像维基百科上的文章那样交流。我们使用语调、幽默和面部表情。我们可以根据人们的口音和措辞来判断他们来自哪里。人类确实是独一无二的，我们的交流方式也在不断变化。因此，我们应该要求人工智能系统促进个性和独特性。我们应该要求知道人工智能是如何开发的，以及用于构建人工智能的数据。因为这是我们应得的。)”可知，最后一段讲述的是在现实生活中，人类的交流要丰富有个性得多，因此，人工智能系统应该有所改进。故选A。 16．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given that I work in artificial intelligence(AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate.(鉴于我在人工智能(AI)领域工作，我意识到一些危险的事情正在发生。机器正在破坏我们的交流方式。)”、第三段“We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience.(我们用独特性和准确性来换取便利性。)”以及最后一段“So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this.(因此，我们应该要求人工智能系统促进个性和独特性。我们应该要求知道人工智能是如何开发的，以及用于构建人工智能的数据。因为这是我们应得的。)”可知，作者在这篇文章中表露出对人工智能声音的担忧。故选B。 （五） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said. In the UK, outsiders often get confused when they realise that a person making rude comments was actually showing love. In situations like this, context is everything. Likewise, in China, outsiders must infer most meaning from context and from what is not said, rather than from what is. Otherwise, misunderstandings happen. The UK and China contexts share further cultural features, which greatly influence how people communicate, including the cultural trait (特点) of non-conflict. The British will do everything to avoid conflict. They will probably tell the waiter it was lovely even when served with poor quality food. This cultural trait can cause major misunderstandings. For example, a British business partner who is deeply unhappy with your proposal will probably say “there are just a couple of small concerns,” rather than telling you that the entire proposal is unsatisfactory. Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. Often challenges, errors, mistakes, or problems remain completely taboos (禁忌) as topics of discussion, even though everyone knows of their existence. Instead, people talk about working towards further goals or objectives, rather than directly admit that the current situation is far from satisfactory. Likewise, Chinese people like to keep a sense of harmony within all environments, and so avoid open criticism of each other. This is very similar to the way that a British person might tell you a colleague “is very confident” rather than that they are rude. In this sense, the British and Chinese can appreciate each other for harmony. 17．What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2? A．Polite comments are encouraged. B．Learning what is not said is difficult. C．Context is important in communication. D．Misunderstandings often happen among outsiders. 18．What will the British and the Chinese probably both agree with? A．Talking over taboos in discussions. B．Preventing misunderstandings in work. C．Avoiding discussing one’s mistakes in public. D．Making use of cultural traits in communication. 19．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using figures. B．By making comparison. C．By listing reasons. D．By making classifications. 20．Which is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Cultural Context B．Conflict Prevention C．Cultural Differences D．Communication Puzzles 【答案】17．C 18．C 19．B 20．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过比较具体的情境，认为中英两国容易出现交流难题。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In situations like this, context is everything. (在这种情况下，语境决定一切。)”可知，在交流中语境是非常重要的。故选C项。 18．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. ( 中国的沟通也表现出非常相似的冲突预防。)”可知，中国人和英国人一致的观点是避免在公共场合讨论自己的错误。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第三句“Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. (然而，随着时间的推移，英国人和中国人的交流方式有一些奇怪的相似之处。)”可知，作者通过比较中国人和英国人交流的方式来论证自己的观点，即作比较。故选B项。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said.(事实上，居住在这两个国家的国际居民经常抱怨，他们必须理解当地人的真正意思，因为他们说的话往往不同。)”和第二段最后一句“ Otherwise, misunderstandings happen.(否则，误解就会发生。)”可知，本文讲了在中英两国中容易出现交流上的误解。D项“Communication Puzzles(沟通难题)”作为标题，可以概括全文主旨。故选D项。 （六） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）A recent study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that while sportsmanship among players has improved over the years, sportsmanship in the fans and parents has reduced. It has always interested me why people in the stands often feel they have invested more than the actual participants. Is it the time and money invested into private lessons and travel teams? Is it the college scholarship we need our children to earn? Is it the fear of seeing our kids fail? In any event, we, as parents and fans, should all take a step back and determine if we are helping our kids, or undermining the experience. As a father of four kids who enjoys participating in athletics, I have to remind myself that it is okay when my kid misses a shot, strikes out, or doesn’t play good enough defense. That fact is, it is their game and their experience, and my playing days are over. A good reminder for me when I feel that my kid needs my advice from the stands comes from the great John Wooden, basketball player and head coach at the University of California at Los Angeles. He once said, “Young people need models, not critics (批判者) .” Instead of being upset with what my kid is not doing well, or how an official has “cheated” our team, I should focus on helping my kid learn to respect the other team. I should watch my language and the negative comments that could come from my mouth. I should respect the officials and not argue every call that is made. Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose. Life is tough, and life is not fair. Like life, sports are tough and not always fair. Yet sports can be a wonderful training ground for life’s challenges. Just like we win some and lose some in sports, we also deal with plenty of successes, challenges and failures in our lives. Let’s try to be good sports in both the winning and losing situations and during our successes, challenges and failures. 21．Why does the author mention NCAA’s recent study? A．To introduce the topic of sportsmanship. B．To prove the reduction of sportsmanship. C．To stress the experience of sportsmanship D．To show the improvement of sportsmanship 22．What does the underlined word “invested” mean in paragraph 1? A．Profited. B．Absorbed. C．Devoted. D．Harvested. 23．What should parents do to encourage sportsmanship according to the text? A．Express deep concern about the other teams’ skills. B．Make positive comments on their kids’ performance. C．Back their kids’ team whatever the result of athletics is. D．Respect the other players’ honor whatever cheating happens. 24．Which words can best describe the author? A．Modest and demanding. B．Strict and responsible. C．Kind and warm-hearted. D．Understanding and broad-minded. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．C 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是美国大学体育协会最近进行的一项研究表明，虽然多年来运动员的体育精神有所提高，但球迷和父母的体育精神却有所下降，作者在文中讲了父母应该如何保持体育精神。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段的“A recent study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that while sportsmanship among players has improved over the years, sportsmanship in the fans and parents has reduced.(美国大学体育协会最近进行的一项研究表明，虽然多年来运动员的体育精神有所提高，但球迷和父母的体育精神却有所下降。)”可知，作者提到NCAA最近的研究的目的是引出体育精神这一主题。故选A。 22．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Is it the time and money invested into private lessons and travel teams?(是在私人课程和旅行团队上投入的时间和金钱吗？)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“我一直很感兴趣的是，为什么看台上的人总是觉得他们比实际的参与者投入了更多”，invest的意思是“投入”，和devote意思相近，故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose.(也许最重要的是，我应该支持我孩子的球队，无论输赢。)”可知，父母应该无论比赛结果如何，都支持他们孩子的球队。故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Instead of being upset with what my kid is not doing well, or how an official has “cheated” our team, I should focus on helping my kid learn to respect the other team. I should watch my language and the negative comments that could come from my mouth. I should respect the officials and not argue every call that is made. Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose.(应该专注于帮助我的孩子学会尊重另一个团队，而不是为我的孩子做得不好，或者一个裁判员如何“欺骗”了我们的团队而烦恼。我应该注意我的语言和可能从我嘴里发出的负面评论。我应该尊重裁判员，而不是对每一个判罚都进行争论。也许最重要的是，我应该支持我孩子的球队，无论输赢。)”可知，作者是善解人意，心胸开阔的，即understanding和broad-minded。故选D。 （七） （23-24高一上·浙江温州·期末）Cultural heritage is really important in terms of promoting tourism of a place as it helps develop the local economy. But it certainly does not stop there. There is a deeper significance on preserving our cultural heritage than the possibility of bringing income for local communities. It is understanding and appreciating our way of life as a people. Our cultural heritage is what connects the past and the present, which can be helpful to the future. There is wisdom as to how buildings were built a certain way during ancient (古代)times. We can pick a learning or two from them that can be more effective when we blend (融合) with our modern practices. It is also our connecting bridge to cultures that share similarities with us, strengthening our ethnic bond as a human race. It also enhances our societies as we find fulfillment and pride in shaping our cultural identity. Understanding our cultural heritage also influences our understanding of our humanity (人性). Why some of them disappear is partially because of lack of understanding why they were being done in the first place. Historian Simon Thurley views it as a cycle: by understanding cultural heritage, we come to value it; by valuing it, we want to care for it: by caring for it, we enjoy it and help other people enjoy it, too; and from enjoying it, people thirst to understand. 25．What does the underlined sentence probably mean? A．Promoting tourism should be stopped. B．Our way of life as a people matters a lot. C．Developing the local economy doesn't make sense. D．Preserving cultural heritage doesn't only benefit economy. 26．Why does the author mention ancient buildings in paragraph 2? A．To tell people they are out of date. B．To show cultural heritage is helpful. C．To stress old buildings are amazing. D．To prove modern buildings are effective. 27．What's the passage mainly about? A．The promotion of cultural tourism. B．The influence of culture on lifestyle. C．The importance of cultural heritage. D．The disappearance of cultural heritage. 【答案】25．D 26．B 27．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是文化遗产的重要性。 25．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“There is a deeper significance on preserving our cultural heritage than the possibility of bringing income for local communities. It is understanding and appreciating our way of life as a people.（保护我们的文化遗产比为当地社区带来收入的可能性更有意义。它是理解和欣赏我们作为一个民族的生活方式。）”可知，划线句在文中起着承上启下的作用，意思是保护文化遗产不仅有利于经济，故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Our cultural heritage is what connects the past and the present, which can be helpful to the future. There is wisdom as to how buildings were built a certain way during ancient（古代）times.（我们的文化遗产是连接过去和现在的东西，对未来是有帮助的。关于古代建筑是如何以某种方式建造的，是有智慧的。）”可知，作者在第二段提到古代建筑是为了展示文化遗产是有帮助的。故选B。 27．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Cultural heritage is really important in terms of promoting tourism of a place as it helps develop the local economy.（文化遗产对于促进一个地方的旅游业是非常重要的，因为它有助于发展当地的经济。）”，第二段的“Our cultural heritage is what connects the past and the present, which can be helpful to the future.（我们的文化遗产是连接过去和现在的东西，对未来是有帮助的。）”，第三段的“It is also our connecting bridge to cultures that share similarities with us, strengthening our ethnic bond as a human race.（它也是我们连接与我们有相似之处的文化的桥梁，加强我们作为人类的种族纽带。）”及第四段的“Understanding our cultural heritage also influences our understanding of our humanity（人性）.（理解我们的文化遗产也会影响我们对人性的理解。）”可知，本文主要讲的是文化遗产的重要性，即The importance of cultural heritage，故选C。 （八） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport”. Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take par realize the cruelty and destruction. The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and gun-carrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins（血管）. They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate（刺激）a desire to own a gun. Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat Habitatloss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved. Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people. Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of mortality can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war. 28．According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because . A．they have little knowledge of it. B．it helps to build human character. C．it is too costly to stop killing wildlife. D．they want to keep wildlife under control. 29．The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means . A．difficulty. B．tress. C．pain. D．sadness. 30．According to the text, the films children watch at school actually . A．teach them how to deal with guns safely. B．praise hunting as character building. C．describe hunting as a physical exercise. D．encourage them to have guns of their own. 31．By saying “perhaps we should encourage war”, the writer intends to tell us that . A．Hunting to build human character makes no sense. B．War in the best way to improve human character. C．We are on the edge of war against gunners. D．Protecting wildlife from gunners is extremely difficult. 【答案】28．A 29．C 30．D 31．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，虽然人们认为打猎是错误的，但是持枪的人却在迅速增加；猎杀动物使得野生动物变得越来越少了，事实上动物和我们一样拥有在这个地球居住的权利。 28．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it.”（虽然大多数人不开枪，但他们似乎原谅为体育而射击，因为他们对这件事知之甚少或一无所知。），可知大多数人原谅为体育而开枪（即把打猎看成运动），所以似乎并不反对狩猎，是因为他们对这件事几乎一无所知。故选A项。 29．词义猜测题。由最后一段中的“The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of mortality can make nobody happy.”（枪手们喜欢描述他们的性格塑造，但我们知道，伤害动物，看着它经历死亡的agony，不会让任何人感到高兴。），结合“to wound an animal”和“watch it go through the agony of mortality”可知，伤害动物，动物要死亡，被伤害的将死的动物肯定很痛苦，agony在此处意为“pain（痛苦）”。故选C项。 30．细节理解题。由第二段中的“In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate（刺激）a desire to own a gun.”（在学校里，他们看的是电影，这些电影据说是为了教他们如何安全地处理武器，但实际上是为了激发他们拥有自己枪支的欲望。），可知孩子们在学校看的电影其实是激发他们拥有自己枪支的欲望，即鼓励他们拥有自己的枪。故选D项。 31．句意猜测题。由最后一段“Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of mortality can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.”（现在，是时候意识到动物和我们一样有生命权，拿枪射击无害美丽的生物，没有什么公平或正确的。枪手们喜欢描述他们的性格塑造，但我们知道，伤害动物，看着它经历死亡的痛苦，不会让任何人感到高兴。如果，正如你所相信的那样，携带枪支和杀人可以提高人类的性格，那么也许我们应该鼓励战争。），可知作者认为打猎是不公平或正确的，枪手们认为打猎能塑造人们的性格，但本质上看着动物痛苦地死去，没人会开心，所以作者并不认为打猎能塑造人们的性格，作者说的“也许我们应该鼓励战争”也是反话，就像没人会鼓励战争一样，作者认为打猎对性格塑造也是毫无意义的。故选A项。 （九） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）In the 11th century, nearly 500 years before Leonardo da Vinci drew a similar flying machine, a young monk（修道士）called Eilmer fixed wings to his hands and feet and jumped off a tower at Malmesbury Abbey in England. After he had glided（滑翔）more than 200 metres, a gust of wind caught him, and he crashed, breaking both legs. Eilmer's courage seems to show much about the Middle Ages, as Seb Falk, a historian, presents them in The Light Ages. It shows scientific curiosity and experimental spit, much of which appeared in religious institutions, There were a lot of dead ends, but there was progress too. And that period of time doesn't deserve to be tainted（玷污）as “the Dark Ages”. A deeply rooted prejudice（偏见）holds that nothing much happened in the Middle Ages. Mr Falk sets out to doubt it. He acknowledged that medieval（中世纪的）science was not the same as the modern kind Astronomy was the most important discipline, but astrology（占星学）was respectable too, and it turned into magic. Monks worked to understand “a living universe created by God”. But were the methods really so different? Facing the unknown, human beings created a mass of theories that gradually got reduced through observation and experiment. That described medieval science as much as today's. The mechanical clock, spectacles, advances in navigation—these were among the achievements of the Middle Ages. Medieval astronomers produced a theory that influenced Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. By hen Nicolaus Copernicus overturned everything they held dear, by placing the sun at the centre of the universe; but he couldn’t have done so without their achievements. 32．What is the author's main purpose of mentioning Eilmer's deed in the first paragraph? A．To tell how fearless the young monk was. B．To give a look into the science in the Middle Ages. C．To show the severe effects of an unsuccessful experiment. D．To explain the reason why Eilmer filed in the experiment. 33．What is the author's possible attitude towards the science of the Middle Ages? A．Doubtful. B．Unelear. C．Positive. D．Negative. 34．The third paragraph implies that________. A．the medieval science is completely the same as the modern kind B．the modern science is much more advanced than the medieval kind C．there is no similarity between the medieval science and the modern kind D．the medieval science does have something in common with the modern kind 35．Which of the following might be the topic of the text? A．The masterpiece of Seb Falk. B．The inventions in the Middle Ages. C．The opinions about medieval science. D．The guesses of medieval astronomers. 【答案】32．B 33．C 34．D 35．C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为中世纪的科学表现了科学的好奇心和实验精神，其中很多都出现在宗教机构中。有很多死胡同，但也有进步。这段时间不应该被称为“黑暗时代”，作者还举出了例子来证明自己的观点。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In the 11th century, nearly 500 years before Leonardo da Vinci drew a similar flying machine, a young monk called Eilmer fixed wings to his hands and feet and jumped off a tower at Malmesbury Abbey in England. After he had glided to than 200 metres, a gust of wind caught him, and he crashed, breaking both legs.(在11世纪，比列奥纳多·达·芬奇画出类似的飞行器早了近500年，一个名叫Eilmer的年轻僧人在他的手和脚上固定了翅膀，从英国马姆斯伯里修道院的一座塔上跳下。当他滑到200米多的时候，一阵风吹来，他摔了下去，摔断了两条腿) ”以及第二段中“Eilmer's courage seems to show much about the Middle Ages, as Seb Falk, a historian, presents them in The Light Ages. It shows scientific curiosity and experimental spirit, much of which appeared in religious institutions.(正如历史学家Seb Falk在《光明时代》一书中所描述的那样，Eilmer的勇气似乎在很大程度上反映了中世纪。它表现了科学的好奇心和实验精神，其中很多都出现在宗教机构中) ”可推断，作者在第一段提到Eilmer的事迹，主要目的是为了让大家了解中世纪的科学。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The mechanical clock, spectacles, advances in navigation-these were among the achievements of the Middle Ages. Medieval astronomers produced a theory that influenced Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. By then Nicolaus Copernicus overturned everything they held dear, by placing the sun at the centre of the universe; but he couldn't have done so without their achievements.(机械钟、眼镜、航海技术的进步——这些都是中世纪的成就。中世纪天文学家提出的一种理论影响了17世纪的伽利略。那时，尼古拉·哥白尼推翻了他们所珍视的一切，他将太阳置于宇宙的中心；但如果没有他们的成就，他不可能做到这一点) ”可推断，作者对中世纪科学可能持肯定态度。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“He acknowledged that medieval（中世纪的）science was not the same as the modem kind.Astronomy was the most important discipline, but astrology（占星学）was respectable too, and it turned into magic.(他承认，中世纪的科学与现代科学不一样。天文学是最重要的学科，但占星术也同样受人推崇，它渐渐演变成了魔法。) ”和“But were the methods really so different? (但是研究方法真的不同吗？)”以及“Facing the unknown, human beings created a mass of theories that gradually got reduced through observation and experiment. That described medieval science as much as today's.(面对未知，人类会提出大量不合理的假设，再通过观察和实验逐渐剥茧抽丝得出结论。中世纪科学与当今科学存在很多的一致性。) ”可推断，作者先提到中世级的科学和现代科学不同，然后提出反问：方法真的如此不同吗，接着举例说明了中世级的科学和现代科学有相似之处，因此推断中世级的科学与现代科学的确有一些共同之处。故选D。 35．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的“Eilmer's courage seems to show much about the Middle Ages, as Seb Falk, a historian, presents them in The Light Ages. It shows scientific curiosity and experimental spirit, much of which appeared in religious institutions. There were a lot of dead ends, but there was progress too. And that period of time doesn't deserve to be tainted as “the Dark Ages”.(正如历史学家Seb Falk在《光明时代》一书中所描述的那样，Eilmer的勇气似乎在很大程度上反映了中世纪。它表现了科学的好奇心和实验精神，其中很多都出现在宗教机构中。有很多死胡同，但也有进步。这段时间不应该被称为“黑暗时代”) ”结合文章主要说明了作者认为中世纪的科学表现了科学的好奇心和实验精神，其中很多都出现在宗教机构中。有很多死胡同，但也有进步。这段时间不应该被称为“黑暗时代”，作者还举出了例子来证明自己的观点。可知，这篇文章的主题是关于中世纪科学的观点。故选C。 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$