专题5 动词的时态语态以及主谓一致-2025年高考英语二轮复习【重难点·易错点】查漏补缺（天津专用）

动词时态语态以及主谓一致专题复习 专题5 动词时态语态以及主谓一致 动词时态语态梳理 时态 相应的被动态 一般现在时do/does is/am/are done 一般过去时did was/were done 一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done 过去将来时would do would be done 现在进行时is/am/are doing is/am/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时 will be doing will be being done 现在完成时has/have done has/have been done 过去完成时had done had been done 现在完成进行时has/have been doing 无 过去完成进行时had been doing 无 重难点知识梳理 1.时态语态的核心考点 (1)．过去将来时 过去将来时：表示从过去某一时间来看，将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 常见结构为：would do; was/were going to do; was/were to do; was/were about to do He was about to leave (leave) when a heavy storm fell. 他正打算离开，一场暴雨降临。 The construction site was to be completed/ was about to be completed/ would be completed (complete) soon after the plan was carried out. 计划实施后，这个工地建设很快将被完工。 (2). 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时：表示从过去某一个时间开始，持续到现在，可能未来还要继续下去的动作。常与时间状语the whole day, all the day, the whole morning, the whole week等搭配。 My mum has been tidying up (tidy up) the room the whole morning, so she is rather exhausted now. 我妈妈一早上在收拾房间，所以她现在非常疲倦。 (3). 将来进行时 将来进行时：表示未来某一时刻或一段时间内正在持续进行的动作或状态。 e.g. We will be attending (attend) a lecture from 7 to 9 tomorrow. morning.我们明天早上七点至九点将听讲座。 (4). 进行时的被动态 现在进行时被动态：表示现在某个时刻或者某个阶段正在进行的动作或状态，且该动作是句子主语的承受者，与句子主语构成被动关系。 过去进行时被动态：表示过去某个时刻或者某个阶段正在进行的动作或状态，且该动作是句子主语的承受者，与句子主语构成被动关系。 He was being criticized (criticize) by the boss when other employees entered the office. Nowadays many a nature reserve is being built (build) by the government. 2.主谓一致的核心考点 (1) 就近原则的使用 neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, not…but…, or以及there be句型等。 John or his brothers are (be) to be invited to the coming party. Not only the manager but also the employees have agreed (agree) to the new terms so far. (2) 就远原则的使用 as well as, along with, together with, with, besides, except, including, but, except for, apart from, rather than, other than等。 The report, together with the data collected over the past year, has been submitted (submit) to the committee. Several other students, besides Mary, are (be) also interested in joining the club now. (3) 分数、百分数出现在主语中的使用 当分数、百分数以及half of, the rest of, most of, some of 修饰名词时，谓语动词的形式与名词的数取得一致。 e.g. Last week, 40% of the farmers were (be) in favor of the reform mentioned in the meeting. 上周百分之四十的农民支持会议上提出的这项改革。 The rest of the food was wasted (be) by the kid, so the mother criticized him 剩下来的食物被这个小孩浪费掉了,所以妈妈批评了他。 易错题盘点： 1.现在完成时和过去完成时辨析 (1)现在完成时：常见的标志性词或短语有so far, until now, up to now, till now, in/over the last/past+段时间，these days, by now … 常用于结构It has been/is+时间段+since… It is the first/second…time that…(that从句中谓语动词用现在完成时) (2)过去完成时：常见的标志性词或短语有by+过去时间, by the time, before, when ①用于结构It was the first/second time that…(that从句中谓语动词用过去完成时) ②用于结构Hardly/Scarcely…when…和No sooner…than…结构中，hardly, scarcely以及no sooner后谓语动词用过去完成时。而when，than后面用一般过去时。表示“一…就…” ③表示意向的动词，如hope, expect, intend, mean, plan, think, suppose等使用过去完成时，并非表达过去的过去，而是表达对过去未曾实现动作的遗憾，表示“本…”。 ④用于虚拟语气中，与过去事实相反的结构中。 与过去事实相反时，if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done, 主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might + have done。类似的虚拟语气用法还包括wish, as if。 2. 主谓一致 （1）“many a +名词单数”或者“more than one+名词单数”，谓语动词用单数形式 e.g. Many a building was (be) pulled down, given the safety problem. 考虑到安全问题，很多房屋被拆毁。 （2）定语从句中的主谓一致 如果先行词为one of +名词复数，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果先行词为the (only) one of +名词复数，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。 He is one of the outstanding scientists who have made (make) a great achievement in atomic field so far. 他是目前在核领域取得大成就的杰出科学家之一。 He is the (only) one of the outstanding scientists who has made (make) a great achievement in atomic field so far. 他是目前在核领域取得大成就的唯一的杰出科学家之一。 (3) quantity在短语中的使用 a large quantity of…作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of…作主语，谓语动词用复数 Large quantities of data were collected (collect) in the previous research to ensure the accuracy of the research. 在之前的研究中大量数据被收集为了确保研究的精确性。 A large quantity of people was (be) against the proposal made by the president. 很多人反对总统提出的提议。 真 题 演 练 1．（2024·天津·高考真题）The fence between the two tennis courts _________. Soon children will have enough space for football games. A．are removed B．is to be removed C．were to be removed D．was being removed 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意：两个网球场之间的栅栏将被拆除。很快孩子们就有足够的空间踢足球了。此处为谓语动词的填入，由第二句中的“will”可知，该句应该用将来时，所以选项中动词不定式可以表示将来，主语The fence和动词remove为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构，结合主语The fence为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选B项。 2．（2024·天津·高考真题）This online course _________, but you can still access and use the original version. A．has updated B．had updated C．has been updated D．had been updated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个在线课程已经更新，但你仍然可以访问和使用原始版本。根据“you can still access and use the original version”可知，此处暗示课程已经更新，但仍可使用原版本。主语This online course与谓语update为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 3．（2024·天津·高考真题）The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A．had been missing B．were missing C．have been missing D．will be missing 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从两年前搬回新西兰以来，史密斯一家一直很怀念在中国的网购体验。由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。结合选项可知，A选项为过去完成进行时；B选项为过去进行时；C选项为现在完成进行时；D选项为将来进行时。故选C。 4．（2023·天津·高考真题）The wooden tower that _________ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A．is being restored B．is restored C．is restoring D．restores 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：正在修复的木塔很快将对游客开放，工程即将完工。A. is being restored正在被修复，现在进行时的被动语态；B. is restored被修复，一般现在时的被动语态；C. is restoring正在修复，现在进行时；D.restores修复，一般现在时。此句the wooden tower是先行词，做定语从句的主语，restore是定语从句的谓语动词，二者在逻辑上是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。根据后文the work is almost finished，修复工作几乎快要结束，说明还没结束，修复、复原工作正在进行。所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being restored，故选A项。 5．（2023·天津·高考真题）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。 6．（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A．will be bringing B．have brought C．have been bringing D．were bringing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对，他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故选A。 7．（2022·天津·高考真题）The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party. A．cancels B．will cancel C．has cancelled D．had cancelled 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知，学校取消派对发生在前，孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后，故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。 8．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。 9．（2022·天津·高考真题）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A．distribute B．distributed C．are distributed D．were distributed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。 10．（2021·天津·高考真题）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A．delivered B．will be delivering C．was delivering D．has been delivering 【答案】B 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但（开始之前）让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment（立即，即将，一会儿）的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开始，用将来时态（一般将来时或将来进行时），仅有B符合题意，是将来进行时的结构，故选B。 11．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A．has offered B．has been offered C．had offered D．had been offered 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。 12．（2021·天津·高考真题）Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are displaying C．were being displayed D．are being displayed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。 13．（2021·天津·高考真题）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break. A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。 语法填空真题训练 1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 2.(2024浙江1月卷)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________(offer) in smaller packs. 答案：be offered 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 3.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 4.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 答案：walks 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 5.(2024新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 答案：were 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 6.(2023新课标II卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 答案：wished 解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 7.(2022浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ________(notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 答案：noticed 解析：考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 8.(2022浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 答案：have promised 解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 9.(2022新课标II卷)Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 答案：was fixing 解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 10.(2021浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ________(sell) most of their furniture. 答案：sold 解析：考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 11.(2021浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________(consider) healthy. 答案：is considered 解析：考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 12.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home ________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 答案：was painted 解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 13.(2021新课标II卷)I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 答案：was 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 14.(2020新课标)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 答案：formed 解析：考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。 15.(2020新课标)The parts of a museum open to the public ________(call) galleries or rooms. 答案：are called 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。 模 拟 试 题 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Many a new safety rule ______ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A．has made B．has been made C．have been made D．have made 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的三年里，学校制定了许多新的安全规则，以帮助创造一个更快乐、更安全的学习环境。根据“over the last three years”可知，应该使用现在完成时。“many a new safety rule”作主语，谓语动词用单数，并且它承受make的动作，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态，故选B。 2．（2024·天津河北·二模）The moment the final whistle blew, we crupted in cheers, knowing our team ______ the championship. A．won B．has won C．have won D．would win 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当最后的哨声响起的那一刻，我们欢呼起来，因为我们知道我们的队伍赢得了冠军。knowing后接宾语从句，空处缺少谓语，再根据crupted可知，这里描述的是过去的事情，所以应该用一般过去时，故选A。 3．（2024·天津河西·二模）I______ you to stay for dinner with us, but you told me you had to go back home. A．am expecting B．would expect C．have expected D．had expected 【答案】D 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：我原以为你会留下来和我们一起吃饭，但你告诉我你必须回家。分析句子意思可知，考查的谓语动词expect发生在第二个小分句的谓语动词told之前，所以用过去完成时形式，表示过去的过去发生的动作。故选D。 4．（2024·天津河东·二模）Over the years most of his songs ________ and played in every possible way—from jazz to country. A．are being sing B．have been sung C．were singing D．had been sung 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：多年来，他的大部分歌曲以各种可能的方式被演唱和演奏——从爵士乐到乡村音乐。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语Over the years可知，此处为现在完成时，结合songs和动词sing为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选B项。 5．（2024·天津·二模）When rebuilding the ancient city after the earthquake, the local government made sure that the original cultures and architecture __________ carefully preserved. A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在地震后重建古城时，当地政府确保原始文化和建筑得到了精心保护。由made sure可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，preserve是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，与主语cultures and architects是被动关系，用被动语态，且主语是复数，故选B。 6．（2024·天津·二模）An expert, together with some assistants, ______ in the lab day and night since the outbreak of the flu. A．was working B．were working C．have been working D．has been working 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自流感爆发以来，一位专家和一些助手一直在实验室夜以继日地工作。根据时间状语day and night since the outbreak of the flu可知，句子应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时刻开始，一直持续到现在，还有可能继续下去的动作，together with连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与其前面的名词保持一致，An expert为单数名词，助动词用has。故选D项。 7．（2024·天津和平·二模）—He has got A for his term paper. He must have prepared for it for a long time. —Exactly. He _______ the whole summer doing research through Europe. A．has spent B．had spent C．spent D．would spend 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：——他的学期论文得了A。他一定为此准备了很长时间。——没错。他花了整个夏天在欧洲做研究。A. has spent（现在完成时）花时间B. had spent（过去完成时）花时间；C. spent（一般过去时）花时间；D. would spend花时间（过去将来时）。根据the whole summer可知，空处为过去式，空处与主语He之间为主动关系，空处应为一般过去时的主动形式spent，故选C项。 8．（2024·天津·一模）The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自去年以来，该地区销售智能手机的公司数量有所下降。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语since last year可知，此处为现在完成时，主语The number of firms selling smartphones为“……的数量”表示单数意义名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选D项。 9．（2024·天津·二模）—Did you have a wonderful time in the Palace Museum yesterday? —Not really. Some parts of it ________ so I had no chance to see its whole appearance. A．were being rebuilt B．were rebuilt C．had been rebuilt D．have been rebuilt 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：——你昨天在故宫玩得愉快吗？——不太愉快。它的一些部分正在重建中，所以我没有机会看到它的全貌。由语意可知，昨天“我”去故宫时，它的一部分正在重建，故应用过去进行时态。主语Some parts与动词rebuild是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选A项。 10．（2024·天津·二模）Lily wants to read this science fiction as well, so when you ________ please give it to her. A．have finished B．will finish C．are finishing D．finished 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：莉莉也想读这部科幻小说，所以你读完后请给她。设空处为从句谓语，根据句意可知，此处是你读完这本书后，把它给莉莉，强调的是动作的完成，应用现在完成时，主语you，助动词使用have。故选A。 11．（2024·天津河西·三模）One third of the neighborhood ______ covered with trees and the majority of the residents ______ foreigners. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这个社区的三分之一被树木覆盖，大多数居民是外国人。分数+of+名词作主语，谓语动词的形式要以of后面的名词而定，neighbourhood是不可数名词，所以，第一个空格处用is；the majority of后面的名词决定了它的谓语单复数形式，如果后面接可数名词复数，则谓语用复数，如果接不可数名词，则谓语用单数，所以the majority of the residents指的是复数概念，因此与are连用。故选C项。 12．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅有一些国际明星，就连中国的歌手和舞蹈家也在音乐会上进行了精彩的表演。not only…but also连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，此处the Chinese singer and dancer为单数，根据后文recently可知为现在完成时，助动词用has。故选D。 13．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Self-driving cars ______ widely with advances in artificial intelligence in a few years. A．will emerge B．will be emerged C．have emerged D．have been emerged 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：随着人工智能的进步，自动驾驶汽车将在几年内广泛出现。Self-driving cars和emerge之间是主谓关系，由in a few years可知，句子时态用一般将来时，因此空格处是will emerge，故选A。 14．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：飞虎历史协会自成立以来，为促进中美两国人民友好交往作出了积极贡献。动词短语contribute to意为“为……做贡献”，根据Since its establishment可知，此处是指动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，且强调动作在这一段时间是一直正在进行的，应用现在完成进行时，主语是the Flying Tiger Historical Association，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 15．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Many a measure ______ to develop local industries and promote tourism since the launch of the Green Rural Program. A．has been taken B．are taken C．have been taken D．is taken 【答案】A 【详解】考查语态和时态。句意：自从绿色农村计划启动以来，已经采取了许多措施来发展地方工业和促进旅游业。根据“since the launch of the Green Rural Program”可知，本句为现在完成时，Many a measure 与谓语take为被动关系，Many a +单数名词，谓语动词为单数。故选A。 16．（2024·天津北辰·三模）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the prize of a weekend for two in Rome. —Delete it! It’s a trick. Many a person ______ by such tricks. A．was cheated B．were cheated C．has been cheated D．have been cheated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——嘿!我的手机上有一条消息，告诉我我赢得了罗马双人周末游的奖励。——删除它!这是个骗局。许多人被这样的把戏骗过。根据“Delete it! It’s a trick”可知，本句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语与谓语为被动关系。Many a+单数名词作句子主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，即has been cheated。故选C项。 17．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my home, into which large quantities of waste water _______ poured every day in the past. A．were B．have been C．was D．has been 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意：我家附近有一条河，过去每天都有大量的废水被倒进河里。根据in the past可知，此处应用一般过去时。large quantities of后跟可数或不可数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选A。 18．（2024·天津南开·一模）She ________that the glass would break while opening the window. A．has frightened B．was frightened C．frightened D．had frightened 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：她害怕打开窗户时玻璃会碎。be frightened that…“对……事情感到害怕”。根据that从句中的would break可知，该句描述的是过去发生的情况，所以用一般过去时态。A和D项的时态不对。而C项中的frighten可作动词，意为“使惊吓”，所以不符合句意。故选B。 19．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have enjoy this summer holiday. A．have desired B．desired C．have been desiring D．has been desiring 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从上个月开始，乔治和他以前的一些同学就一直想好好享受这个暑假。根据Since last month可知，表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能进行下去，用现在完成进行时。再由主谓一致可知，名词+ along with+名词时，谓语动词和along with前面的名词George保持一致，即助动词应用has。故选D。 20．（2024·天津河北·一模）It’s amazing that the ocean contains 99% of the living space on the planet and yet less than 10% of that space ________ by humans up to now. A．has been explored B．is being explored C．have been explored D．are being explored 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：令人惊讶的是，海洋包含了地球上99%的生存空间，但到目前为止，人类探索的空间还不到10%。根据句中时间状语up to now可知，此处应用现在完成时态，主语10% of that space与动词explore是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态，且主语是单数，故谓语动词用单数。故选A。 21．（2024·天津·一模）May Day is approaching. At this time next month I ______ to Hainan for holiday. A．will be flying B．will fly C．have been flying D．have flown 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：五一就要到了。下个月的这个时候我将飞往海南度假。根据At this time next month可知，用将来进行时。故选A项。 22．（2024·天津·一模）Many a house ______ in the powerful earthquake. Fortunately, large amounts of money ______ so far for those homeless in the disastrous earthquake in Gansu Province. A．was damaged; have been collected B．were damaged; has been collected C．has been damaged; was collected D．have been damaged; were collected 【答案】A 【详解】考查动时态、语态和主谓一致。许多房子在强烈地震中被毁。幸运的是，到目前为止，已经为甘肃省灾难性地震中的无家可归者筹集了大量资金。damage和主语house之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“many a+名词单数”做主语，谓语动词用单数；collect和money之间是被动关系，根据so far可知，用现在完成时的被动语态，large amounts of做主语，谓语动词用复数。故选A项。 23．（2024·天津·一模）Just wait for one minute, I’m busy right now. I in the application form. A．fill B．have filled C．will fill D．am filling 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：请等一分钟，我现在很忙。我正在填写申请表。根据上文I’m busy right now.可知动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。故选D。 24．（2024·天津·一模）Linda as well as her two close friends into universities in Beijing last year. A．was admitted B．were admitted C．has been admitted D．had been admitted 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：琳达和她的两个密友去年被北京的大学录取了。动词admit意为“准许……加入；接收入院”，结合last year可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且Linda as well as her two close friends有admit为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个成分作主语时，其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致，本句谓语与Linda一致，be动词用was。选项A为一般过去时的被动语态，选项B为一般过去时的被动语态，选项C为现在完成时的被动语态，选项D为过去完成时的被动语态。故选A。 25．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The cars produced in our factory sell well, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they ________. A．were to play B．were playing C．had played D．played 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们工厂生产的汽车销路很好，但几年前，没有人能想象到它们会在市场上扮演的角色。根据时间状语several years ago可知，表示过去将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时。故选A。 26．（2024·天津和平·一模）Shadow puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece today. A．will originate; have been spreading B．originate; will be spreading C．was originated; is spreading D．originated; have spread 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：皮影戏起源于中国，现在已经传播到土耳其和希腊。第一空陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。originate“起源”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态；第二空根据时间状语“today”可知，用现在完成时态。故选D。 27．（2024·天津河东·一模）I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you this Sunday afternoon because I ______a meeting at that time. A．will have B．will be having C．has had D．would have 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：恐怕这个星期天下午我不能和你一起去购物，因为那时我要开会。分析句子结构可知，空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词。根据主句的时间状语“this Sunday afternoon”以及从句中的时间状语“at that time”可知，本句话为将来进行时态，表示将来的某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的事情，其结构为“will be doing sth.”。故选B。 28．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在庞贝城从沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来之前，将近17个世纪已经过去了。根据句意，roll away(滚走，消散)表示的动作发生在was dug之前，即过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时。故选B。 29．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我还没有完成我的家庭作业。我昨天一整天都在厨房帮我妈妈。根据时间状语“all day yesterday”可知，表示过去的一段时间内正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时态。故选B。 30．（2023·天津·二模）I ________ a new alarm clock the other day at Taylor’s when I heard someone singing a familiar song. A．bought B．was buying C．has bought D．would buy 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：前几天我在泰勒的店里买一个新的闹钟，突然听到有人在唱一首熟悉的歌。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when...表示“某人正在，这时……”；根据后文heard可知为过去进行时。故选B。 31．（2023·天津河西·三模）Jenny, along with two boys in our school, ______ to London to attend an international meeting the other day. A．are invited B．is invited C．were invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：前几天，珍妮和我们学校的两个男孩应邀去伦敦参加一个国际会议。根据后文the other day可知为一般过去时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，并且主语后接介词短语along with不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据Jenny的人称和数来确定。故用单数。故选D。 32．（2023·天津滨海新·三模）It was the first time that he________Xinjiang, and was amazed by the breathtaking scenery. A．has visited B．had visited C．visited D．would visit 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是他第一次访问新疆自治区，被那里令人惊叹的风景所震撼。此处为句型It was the first time that+过去完成时，表示“第一次……”，从句用过去完成时。故选B。 33．（2023·天津·一模）After the age of sixteen, as , the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. A．were discovered B．have discovered C．has been discovered D．had been discovered 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句中的动词时态和语态。句意：人们已经发现，在16岁以后，我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。分析句子可知，此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句中谓语动词的填入，as有“正如……一样”的意思，根据句意可知，此处为表示“已经完成”的意思，先行词为后文整个句子在从句中作主语成分，和discover的关系为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选C项。 34．（2023·天津和平·二模）When I started my PhD and realized that I would need financial help, I ________ to the student advice office and told them that I was a carer. A．would go B．had gone C．was going D．went 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：当我开始攻读博士学位，意识到自己需要经济帮助时，我去了学生咨询办公室，告诉他们我是一名护工。分析句子可知，空处为主句的谓语，结合句中“and told them”可知，空处动词的时态和and后的told并列，所以空处用一般过去时。选项D符合题意，故选D。 35．（2023·天津河北·一模）Over the past five years, large amounts of rubbish, such as plastic bags, ________ by the volunteer team. A．have been collected B．was collected C．has been collected D．were collected 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年里，志愿者团队收集了大量垃圾，如塑料袋。结合时间状语Over the past five years，主语large amounts of rubbish和谓语动词collect是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，large amounts of+不可数名词，谓语复数形式。故选A项。 36．（2023·天津·一模）Turkish officials are saying that the number of people who ________ by the earthquakes that took place in southeastern Turkey ________ at least 20 million. A．had been affected; reaches B．has affected; reach C．was affected; reach D．have been affected; reaches 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：土耳其官员说，受土耳其东南部地震影响的人数至少达到2000万。第一空在who引导的定语从句作谓语，句子表示从过去到现在地震影响了人们，应用现在完成时，且who代指先行词people，和动词affect(影响)为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动，从句主语who代指people，为复数，所以第一空为have been affected，第二空作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，宾语从句的主语是the number of people，the number of(……的数量)后面加可数名词复数，谓语动词应用单数，故选D。 37．（2023·天津南开·一模）Currently, almost 50 percent of  jobs, including journalism, ________ with technology that can operate automatically. A．has been replacing B．is being replaced C．have been replacing D．are being replaced 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：目前，包括新闻工作在内的近50%的工作正在被可以自动操作的技术所取代。主语与谓语构成被动关系，表示动作正在发生应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为 almost 50 percent of jobs，谓语用复数。故选D。 38．（2023·天津和平·一模）The power of Charlie Chaplin’s works is not only in his acting, but also in the stories and characters he________. A．had created B．has created C．created D．creates 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：查理卓别林作品的力量不仅在于他的表演，还在于他创造的故事和人物。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，全文为现在的语境，他“创建”故事和人物发生在过去，所以此处应使用一般过去时态，且与主语为主动关系。故选C项。 39．（2021·天津河西·二模）I know something about Charlie, for he ________ in my brother's company for three months last year. A．had worked B．worked C．had been working D．would work 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我对Charlie有些了解，因为他去年在我哥哥的公司工作了三个月。此空是动词作谓语，且根据时间状语last year，可知此处用一般过去时，故选B。 40．（2020·天津北辰·三模）— You seem to be familiar with this city. — Yes. I _______ here for four years. It’s great to be back and work here. A．studied B．have studied C．am studying D．had studied 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你似乎对这个城市很熟悉。——是的。我在这里学习了四年。很高兴能回到这里工作。根据后文It’s great to be back and work here.可知是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故选A。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 动词时态语态以及主谓一致专题复习 专题5 动词时态语态以及主谓一致 动词时态语态梳理 时态 相应的被动态 一般现在时do/does is/am/are done 一般过去时did was/were done 一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done 过去将来时would do would be done 现在进行时is/am/are doing is/am/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时 will be doing will be being done 现在完成时has/have done has/have been done 过去完成时had done had been done 现在完成进行时has/have been doing 无 过去完成进行时had been doing 无 重难点知识梳理 1.时态语态的核心考点 (1)．过去将来时 过去将来时：表示从过去某一时间来看，将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 常见结构为：would do; was/were going to do; was/were to do; was/were about to do He________________ (leave) when a heavy storm fell. 他正打算离开，一场暴雨降临。 The construction site _____________________ (complete) soon after the plan was carried out. 计划实施后，这个工地建设很快将被完工。 (2). 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时：表示从过去某一个时间开始，持续到现在，可能未来还要继续下去的动作。常与时间状语the whole day, all the day, the whole morning, the whole week等搭配。 My mum _____________________ (tidy up) the room the whole morning, so she is rather exhausted now. 我妈妈一早上在收拾房间，所以她现在非常疲倦。 (3). 将来进行时 将来进行时：表示未来某一时刻或一段时间内正在持续进行的动作或状态。 e.g. We ____________________ (attend) a lecture from 7 to 9 tomorrow. morning.我们明天早上七点至九点将听讲座。 (4). 进行时的被动态 现在进行时被动态：表示现在某个时刻或者某个阶段正在进行的动作或状态，且该动作是句子主语的承受者，与句子主语构成被动关系。 过去进行时被动态：表示过去某个时刻或者某个阶段正在进行的动作或状态，且该动作是句子主语的承受者，与句子主语构成被动关系。 He____________________ (criticize) by the boss when other employees entered the office. Nowadays many a nature reserve____________________ (build) by the government. 2.主谓一致的核心考点 (1) 就近原则的使用 neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, not…but…, or以及there be句型等。 John or his brothers ___________ (be) to be invited to the coming party. Not only the manager but also the employees _____________ (agree) to the new terms so far. (2) 就远原则的使用 as well as, along with, together with, with, besides, except, including, but, except for, apart from, rather than, other than等。 The report, together with the data collected over the past year, ___________________ (submit) to the committee. Several other students, besides Mary, _____________ (be) also interested in joining the club now. (3) 分数、百分数出现在主语中的使用 当分数、百分数以及half of, the rest of, most of, some of 修饰名词时，谓语动词的形式与名词的数取得一致。 e.g. Last week, 40% of the farmers ______________ (be) in favor of the reform mentioned in the meeting. 上周百分之四十的农民支持会议上提出的这项改革。 The rest of the food _______________ (be) by the kid, so the mother criticized him 剩下来的食物被这个小孩浪费掉了,所以妈妈批评了他。 易错题盘点： 1.现在完成时和过去完成时辨析 (1)现在完成时：常见的标志性词或短语有so far, until now, up to now, till now, in/over the last/past+段时间，these days, by now … 常用于结构It has been/is+时间段+since… It is the first/second…time that…(that从句中谓语动词用现在完成时) (2)过去完成时：常见的标志性词或短语有by+过去时间, by the time, before, when ①用于结构It was the first/second time that…(that从句中谓语动词用过去完成时) ②用于结构Hardly/Scarcely…when…和No sooner…than…结构中，hardly, scarcely以及no sooner后谓语动词用过去完成时。而when，than后面用一般过去时。表示“一…就…” ③表示意向的动词，如hope, expect, intend, mean, plan, think, suppose等使用过去完成时，并非表达过去的过去，而是表达对过去未曾实现动作的遗憾，表示“本…”。 ④用于虚拟语气中，与过去事实相反的结构中。 与过去事实相反时，if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done, 主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might + have done。类似的虚拟语气用法还包括wish, as if。 2. 主谓一致 （1）“many a +名词单数”或者“more than one+名词单数”，谓语动词用单数形式 e.g. Many a building ____________ (be) pulled down, given the safety problem. 考虑到安全问题，很多房屋被拆毁。 （2）定语从句中的主谓一致 如果先行词为one of +名词复数，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果先行词为the (only) one of +名词复数，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。 He is one of the outstanding scientists who ______________ (make) a great achievement in atomic field so far. 他是目前在核领域取得大成就的杰出科学家之一。 He is the (only) one of the outstanding scientists who ________________ (make) a great achievement in atomic field so far. 他是目前在核领域取得大成就的唯一的杰出科学家之一。 (3) quantity在短语中的使用 a large quantity of…作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of…作主语，谓语动词用复数 Large quantities of data _____________ (collect) in the previous research to ensure the accuracy of the research. 在之前的研究中大量数据被收集为了确保研究的精确性。 A large quantity of people ____________ (be) against the proposal made by the president. 很多人反对总统提出的提议。 真 题 演 练 1．（2024·天津·高考真题）The fence between the two tennis courts _________. Soon children will have enough space for football games. A．are removed B．is to be removed C．were to be removed D．was being removed 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意：两个网球场之间的栅栏将被拆除。很快孩子们就有足够的空间踢足球了。此处为谓语动词的填入，由第二句中的“will”可知，该句应该用将来时，所以选项中动词不定式可以表示将来，主语The fence和动词remove为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构，结合主语The fence为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选B项。 2．（2024·天津·高考真题）This online course _________, but you can still access and use the original version. A．has updated B．had updated C．has been updated D．had been updated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个在线课程已经更新，但你仍然可以访问和使用原始版本。根据“you can still access and use the original version”可知，此处暗示课程已经更新，但仍可使用原版本。主语This online course与谓语update为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 3．（2024·天津·高考真题）The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A．had been missing B．were missing C．have been missing D．will be missing 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从两年前搬回新西兰以来，史密斯一家一直很怀念在中国的网购体验。由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。结合选项可知，A选项为过去完成进行时；B选项为过去进行时；C选项为现在完成进行时；D选项为将来进行时。故选C。 4．（2023·天津·高考真题）The wooden tower that _________ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A．is being restored B．is restored C．is restoring D．restores 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：正在修复的木塔很快将对游客开放，工程即将完工。A. is being restored正在被修复，现在进行时的被动语态；B. is restored被修复，一般现在时的被动语态；C. is restoring正在修复，现在进行时；D.restores修复，一般现在时。此句the wooden tower是先行词，做定语从句的主语，restore是定语从句的谓语动词，二者在逻辑上是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。根据后文the work is almost finished，修复工作几乎快要结束，说明还没结束，修复、复原工作正在进行。所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being restored，故选A项。 5．（2023·天津·高考真题）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A．has caused B．have caused C．was causing D．were causing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。 6．（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A．will be bringing B．have brought C．have been bringing D．were bringing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对，他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故选A。 7．（2022·天津·高考真题）The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party. A．cancels B．will cancel C．has cancelled D．had cancelled 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知，学校取消派对发生在前，孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后，故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。 8．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A．prepare B．prepares C．is preparing D．are preparing 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。 9．（2022·天津·高考真题）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A．distribute B．distributed C．are distributed D．were distributed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。 10．（2021·天津·高考真题）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A．delivered B．will be delivering C．was delivering D．has been delivering 【答案】B 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但（开始之前）让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment（立即，即将，一会儿）的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开始，用将来时态（一般将来时或将来进行时），仅有B符合题意，是将来进行时的结构，故选B。 11．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A．has offered B．has been offered C．had offered D．had been offered 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。 12．（2021·天津·高考真题）Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are displaying C．were being displayed D．are being displayed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。 13．（2021·天津·高考真题）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break. A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。 语法填空真题训练 1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 2.(2024浙江1月卷)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________(offer) in smaller packs. 答案：be offered 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 3.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 4.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 答案：walks 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 5.(2024新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 答案：were 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 6.(2023新课标II卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 答案：wished 解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 7.(2022浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ________(notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 答案：noticed 解析：考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 8.(2022浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 答案：have promised 解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 9.(2022新课标II卷)Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 答案：was fixing 解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 10.(2021浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ________(sell) most of their furniture. 答案：sold 解析：考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 11.(2021浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________(consider) healthy. 答案：is considered 解析：考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 12.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home ________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 答案：was painted 解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 13.(2021新课标II卷)I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 答案：was 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 14.(2020新课标)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 答案：formed 解析：考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。 15.(2020新课标)The parts of a museum open to the public ________(call) galleries or rooms. 答案：are called 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。 模 拟 试 题 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Many a new safety rule ______ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A．has made B．has been made C．have been made D．have made 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的三年里，学校制定了许多新的安全规则，以帮助创造一个更快乐、更安全的学习环境。根据“over the last three years”可知，应该使用现在完成时。“many a new safety rule”作主语，谓语动词用单数，并且它承受make的动作，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态，故选B。 2．（2024·天津河北·二模）The moment the final whistle blew, we crupted in cheers, knowing our team ______ the championship. A．won B．has won C．have won D．would win 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当最后的哨声响起的那一刻，我们欢呼起来，因为我们知道我们的队伍赢得了冠军。knowing后接宾语从句，空处缺少谓语，再根据crupted可知，这里描述的是过去的事情，所以应该用一般过去时，故选A。 3．（2024·天津河西·二模）I______ you to stay for dinner with us, but you told me you had to go back home. A．am expecting B．would expect C．have expected D．had expected 【答案】D 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：我原以为你会留下来和我们一起吃饭，但你告诉我你必须回家。分析句子意思可知，考查的谓语动词expect发生在第二个小分句的谓语动词told之前，所以用过去完成时形式，表示过去的过去发生的动作。故选D。 4．（2024·天津河东·二模）Over the years most of his songs ________ and played in every possible way—from jazz to country. A．are being sing B．have been sung C．were singing D．had been sung 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：多年来，他的大部分歌曲以各种可能的方式被演唱和演奏——从爵士乐到乡村音乐。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语Over the years可知，此处为现在完成时，结合songs和动词sing为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选B项。 5．（2024·天津·二模）When rebuilding the ancient city after the earthquake, the local government made sure that the original cultures and architecture __________ carefully preserved. A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在地震后重建古城时，当地政府确保原始文化和建筑得到了精心保护。由made sure可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，preserve是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，与主语cultures and architects是被动关系，用被动语态，且主语是复数，故选B。 6．（2024·天津·二模）An expert, together with some assistants, ______ in the lab day and night since the outbreak of the flu. A．was working B．were working C．have been working D．has been working 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自流感爆发以来，一位专家和一些助手一直在实验室夜以继日地工作。根据时间状语day and night since the outbreak of the flu可知，句子应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时刻开始，一直持续到现在，还有可能继续下去的动作，together with连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与其前面的名词保持一致，An expert为单数名词，助动词用has。故选D项。 7．（2024·天津和平·二模）—He has got A for his term paper. He must have prepared for it for a long time. —Exactly. He _______ the whole summer doing research through Europe. A．has spent B．had spent C．spent D．would spend 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：——他的学期论文得了A。他一定为此准备了很长时间。——没错。他花了整个夏天在欧洲做研究。A. has spent（现在完成时）花时间B. had spent（过去完成时）花时间；C. spent（一般过去时）花时间；D. would spend花时间（过去将来时）。根据the whole summer可知，空处为过去式，空处与主语He之间为主动关系，空处应为一般过去时的主动形式spent，故选C项。 8．（2024·天津·一模）The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自去年以来，该地区销售智能手机的公司数量有所下降。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语since last year可知，此处为现在完成时，主语The number of firms selling smartphones为“……的数量”表示单数意义名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选D项。 9．（2024·天津·二模）—Did you have a wonderful time in the Palace Museum yesterday? —Not really. Some parts of it ________ so I had no chance to see its whole appearance. A．were being rebuilt B．were rebuilt C．had been rebuilt D．have been rebuilt 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：——你昨天在故宫玩得愉快吗？——不太愉快。它的一些部分正在重建中，所以我没有机会看到它的全貌。由语意可知，昨天“我”去故宫时，它的一部分正在重建，故应用过去进行时态。主语Some parts与动词rebuild是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选A项。 10．（2024·天津·二模）Lily wants to read this science fiction as well, so when you ________ please give it to her. A．have finished B．will finish C．are finishing D．finished 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：莉莉也想读这部科幻小说，所以你读完后请给她。设空处为从句谓语，根据句意可知，此处是你读完这本书后，把它给莉莉，强调的是动作的完成，应用现在完成时，主语you，助动词使用have。故选A。 11．（2024·天津河西·三模）One third of the neighborhood ______ covered with trees and the majority of the residents ______ foreigners. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这个社区的三分之一被树木覆盖，大多数居民是外国人。分数+of+名词作主语，谓语动词的形式要以of后面的名词而定，neighbourhood是不可数名词，所以，第一个空格处用is；the majority of后面的名词决定了它的谓语单复数形式，如果后面接可数名词复数，则谓语用复数，如果接不可数名词，则谓语用单数，所以the majority of the residents指的是复数概念，因此与are连用。故选C项。 12．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅有一些国际明星，就连中国的歌手和舞蹈家也在音乐会上进行了精彩的表演。not only…but also连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，此处the Chinese singer and dancer为单数，根据后文recently可知为现在完成时，助动词用has。故选D。 13．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Self-driving cars ______ widely with advances in artificial intelligence in a few years. A．will emerge B．will be emerged C．have emerged D．have been emerged 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：随着人工智能的进步，自动驾驶汽车将在几年内广泛出现。Self-driving cars和emerge之间是主谓关系，由in a few years可知，句子时态用一般将来时，因此空格处是will emerge，故选A。 14．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：飞虎历史协会自成立以来，为促进中美两国人民友好交往作出了积极贡献。动词短语contribute to意为“为……做贡献”，根据Since its establishment可知，此处是指动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，且强调动作在这一段时间是一直正在进行的，应用现在完成进行时，主语是the Flying Tiger Historical Association，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 15．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Many a measure ______ to develop local industries and promote tourism since the launch of the Green Rural Program. A．has been taken B．are taken C．have been taken D．is taken 【答案】A 【详解】考查语态和时态。句意：自从绿色农村计划启动以来，已经采取了许多措施来发展地方工业和促进旅游业。根据“since the launch of the Green Rural Program”可知，本句为现在完成时，Many a measure 与谓语take为被动关系，Many a +单数名词，谓语动词为单数。故选A。 16．（2024·天津北辰·三模）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the prize of a weekend for two in Rome. —Delete it! It’s a trick. Many a person ______ by such tricks. A．was cheated B．were cheated C．has been cheated D．have been cheated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——嘿!我的手机上有一条消息，告诉我我赢得了罗马双人周末游的奖励。——删除它!这是个骗局。许多人被这样的把戏骗过。根据“Delete it! It’s a trick”可知，本句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语与谓语为被动关系。Many a+单数名词作句子主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，即has been cheated。故选C项。 17．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my home, into which large quantities of waste water _______ poured every day in the past. A．were B．have been C．was D．has been 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时和主谓一致。句意：我家附近有一条河，过去每天都有大量的废水被倒进河里。根据in the past可知，此处应用一般过去时。large quantities of后跟可数或不可数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选A。 18．（2024·天津南开·一模）She ________that the glass would break while opening the window. A．has frightened B．was frightened C．frightened D．had frightened 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：她害怕打开窗户时玻璃会碎。be frightened that…“对……事情感到害怕”。根据that从句中的would break可知，该句描述的是过去发生的情况，所以用一般过去时态。A和D项的时态不对。而C项中的frighten可作动词，意为“使惊吓”，所以不符合句意。故选B。 19．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ________ to have enjoy this summer holiday. A．have desired B．desired C．have been desiring D．has been desiring 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从上个月开始，乔治和他以前的一些同学就一直想好好享受这个暑假。根据Since last month可知，表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能进行下去，用现在完成进行时。再由主谓一致可知，名词+ along with+名词时，谓语动词和along with前面的名词George保持一致，即助动词应用has。故选D。 20．（2024·天津河北·一模）It’s amazing that the ocean contains 99% of the living space on the planet and yet less than 10% of that space ________ by humans up to now. A．has been explored B．is being explored C．have been explored D．are being explored 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：令人惊讶的是，海洋包含了地球上99%的生存空间，但到目前为止，人类探索的空间还不到10%。根据句中时间状语up to now可知，此处应用现在完成时态，主语10% of that space与动词explore是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态，且主语是单数，故谓语动词用单数。故选A。 21．（2024·天津·一模）May Day is approaching. At this time next month I ______ to Hainan for holiday. A．will be flying B．will fly C．have been flying D．have flown 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：五一就要到了。下个月的这个时候我将飞往海南度假。根据At this time next month可知，用将来进行时。故选A项。 22．（2024·天津·一模）Many a house ______ in the powerful earthquake. Fortunately, large amounts of money ______ so far for those homeless in the disastrous earthquake in Gansu Province. A．was damaged; have been collected B．were damaged; has been collected C．has been damaged; was collected D．have been damaged; were collected 【答案】A 【详解】考查动时态、语态和主谓一致。许多房子在强烈地震中被毁。幸运的是，到目前为止，已经为甘肃省灾难性地震中的无家可归者筹集了大量资金。damage和主语house之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“many a+名词单数”做主语，谓语动词用单数；collect和money之间是被动关系，根据so far可知，用现在完成时的被动语态，large amounts of做主语，谓语动词用复数。故选A项。 23．（2024·天津·一模）Just wait for one minute, I’m busy right now. I in the application form. A．fill B．have filled C．will fill D．am filling 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：请等一分钟，我现在很忙。我正在填写申请表。根据上文I’m busy right now.可知动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。故选D。 24．（2024·天津·一模）Linda as well as her two close friends into universities in Beijing last year. A．was admitted B．were admitted C．has been admitted D．had been admitted 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：琳达和她的两个密友去年被北京的大学录取了。动词admit意为“准许……加入；接收入院”，结合last year可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且Linda as well as her two close friends有admit为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个成分作主语时，其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致，本句谓语与Linda一致，be动词用was。选项A为一般过去时的被动语态，选项B为一般过去时的被动语态，选项C为现在完成时的被动语态，选项D为过去完成时的被动语态。故选A。 25．（2024·天津红桥·一模）The cars produced in our factory sell well, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they ________. A．were to play B．were playing C．had played D．played 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们工厂生产的汽车销路很好，但几年前，没有人能想象到它们会在市场上扮演的角色。根据时间状语several years ago可知，表示过去将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时。故选A。 26．（2024·天津和平·一模）Shadow puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece today. A．will originate; have been spreading B．originate; will be spreading C．was originated; is spreading D．originated; have spread 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：皮影戏起源于中国，现在已经传播到土耳其和希腊。第一空陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。originate“起源”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态；第二空根据时间状语“today”可知，用现在完成时态。故选D。 27．（2024·天津河东·一模）I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you this Sunday afternoon because I ______a meeting at that time. A．will have B．will be having C．has had D．would have 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：恐怕这个星期天下午我不能和你一起去购物，因为那时我要开会。分析句子结构可知，空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词。根据主句的时间状语“this Sunday afternoon”以及从句中的时间状语“at that time”可知，本句话为将来进行时态，表示将来的某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的事情，其结构为“will be doing sth.”。故选B。 28．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在庞贝城从沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来之前，将近17个世纪已经过去了。根据句意，roll away(滚走，消散)表示的动作发生在was dug之前，即过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时。故选B。 29．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我还没有完成我的家庭作业。我昨天一整天都在厨房帮我妈妈。根据时间状语“all day yesterday”可知，表示过去的一段时间内正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时态。故选B。 30．（2023·天津·二模）I ________ a new alarm clock the other day at Taylor’s when I heard someone singing a familiar song. A．bought B．was buying C．has bought D．would buy 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：前几天我在泰勒的店里买一个新的闹钟，突然听到有人在唱一首熟悉的歌。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when...表示“某人正在，这时……”；根据后文heard可知为过去进行时。故选B。 31．（2023·天津河西·三模）Jenny, along with two boys in our school, ______ to London to attend an international meeting the other day. A．are invited B．is invited C．were invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：前几天，珍妮和我们学校的两个男孩应邀去伦敦参加一个国际会议。根据后文the other day可知为一般过去时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，并且主语后接介词短语along with不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据Jenny的人称和数来确定。故用单数。故选D。 32．（2023·天津滨海新·三模）It was the first time that he________Xinjiang, and was amazed by the breathtaking scenery. A．has visited B．had visited C．visited D．would visit 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是他第一次访问新疆自治区，被那里令人惊叹的风景所震撼。此处为句型It was the first time that+过去完成时，表示“第一次……”，从句用过去完成时。故选B。 33．（2023·天津·一模）After the age of sixteen, as , the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. A．were discovered B．have discovered C．has been discovered D．had been discovered 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句中的动词时态和语态。句意：人们已经发现，在16岁以后，我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。分析句子可知，此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句中谓语动词的填入，as有“正如……一样”的意思，根据句意可知，此处为表示“已经完成”的意思，先行词为后文整个句子在从句中作主语成分，和discover的关系为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选C项。 34．（2023·天津和平·二模）When I started my PhD and realized that I would need financial help, I ________ to the student advice office and told them that I was a carer. A．would go B．had gone C．was going D．went 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：当我开始攻读博士学位，意识到自己需要经济帮助时，我去了学生咨询办公室，告诉他们我是一名护工。分析句子可知，空处为主句的谓语，结合句中“and told them”可知，空处动词的时态和and后的told并列，所以空处用一般过去时。选项D符合题意，故选D。 35．（2023·天津河北·一模）Over the past five years, large amounts of rubbish, such as plastic bags, ________ by the volunteer team. A．have been collected B．was collected C．has been collected D．were collected 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年里，志愿者团队收集了大量垃圾，如塑料袋。结合时间状语Over the past five years，主语large amounts of rubbish和谓语动词collect是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，large amounts of+不可数名词，谓语复数形式。故选A项。 36．（2023·天津·一模）Turkish officials are saying that the number of people who ________ by the earthquakes that took place in southeastern Turkey ________ at least 20 million. A．had been affected; reaches B．has affected; reach C．was affected; reach D．have been affected; reaches 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：土耳其官员说，受土耳其东南部地震影响的人数至少达到2000万。第一空在who引导的定语从句作谓语，句子表示从过去到现在地震影响了人们，应用现在完成时，且who代指先行词people，和动词affect(影响)为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动，从句主语who代指people，为复数，所以第一空为have been affected，第二空作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，宾语从句的主语是the number of people，the number of(……的数量)后面加可数名词复数，谓语动词应用单数，故选D。 37．（2023·天津南开·一模）Currently, almost 50 percent of  jobs, including journalism, ________ with technology that can operate automatically. A．has been replacing B．is being replaced C．have been replacing D．are being replaced 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：目前，包括新闻工作在内的近50%的工作正在被可以自动操作的技术所取代。主语与谓语构成被动关系，表示动作正在发生应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为 almost 50 percent of jobs，谓语用复数。故选D。 38．（2023·天津和平·一模）The power of Charlie Chaplin’s works is not only in his acting, but also in the stories and characters he________. A．had created B．has created C．created D．creates 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：查理卓别林作品的力量不仅在于他的表演，还在于他创造的故事和人物。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，全文为现在的语境，他“创建”故事和人物发生在过去，所以此处应使用一般过去时态，且与主语为主动关系。故选C项。 39．（2021·天津河西·二模）I know something about Charlie, for he ________ in my brother's company for three months last year. A．had worked B．worked C．had been working D．would work 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我对Charlie有些了解，因为他去年在我哥哥的公司工作了三个月。此空是动词作谓语，且根据时间状语last year，可知此处用一般过去时，故选B。 40．（2020·天津北辰·三模）— You seem to be familiar with this city. — Yes. I _______ here for four years. It’s great to be back and work here. A．studied B．have studied C．am studying D．had studied 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你似乎对这个城市很熟悉。——是的。我在这里学习了四年。很高兴能回到这里工作。根据后文It’s great to be back and work here.可知是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故选A。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$