内容正文:
定语从句详解
Catalogue
1.
定语从句概述
定语从句分类
2.
定语从句需注意的问题
3.
目录
4. 练习
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定语从句概述
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先行词
先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词,位于定语从句之前。例如,在句子“This is the book that I bought yesterday”中,“book”作为先行词,被定语从句“that I bought yesterday”修饰,指明是具体哪一本书。
关系词
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词,用于引导定语从句并连接主句与从句。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等;关系副词有when, where, why等。它们在从句中充当一定的成分,如在例句中,“that”作为关系代词,在从句中作宾语。
定语从句定义
that的用法
“that”可指人也可指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。例如,“The man that/who is standing there is my father”中,“that”作主语;“This is the book that/which I like best”中,“that”作宾语。
which的用法
“which”指物,在从句中可作主语或宾语。例如,“The book which/that was written by him is very popular”中,“which”作主语;“I don't like the movie which/that he recommended”中,“which”作宾语。
who和whom的用法
“who”指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。例如,“The boy who is playing football is my brother”中,“who”作主语;“The man who/whom I met yesterday is my teacher”中,“who”作宾语。“whom”指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略。
whose的用法
“whose”表示所属关系,在从句中作定语,既可指人也可指物。例如,“I know the boy whose father is a doctor”和“This is the book whose cover is blue”。
关系代词的用法
when的用法
“when”在定语从句中作时间状语,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。例如,“I still remember the day when we first met”。
where的用法
“where”在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词通常是表示地点的名词。例如,“This is the school where I studied for three years”。
why的用法
“why”在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是“reason”。例如,“Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?”
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关系副词的用法
引导非限制性定语从句时:My brother, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital. 而 My brother works in a big hospital, which is very famous in our city.(我哥哥在一家大医院工作,这家医院在我们城市很有名。)
当关系词前有介词时:This is the room in which I lived last year.(这是我去年住过的房间。)
(一)只能用 that 的情况
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰:This is the best film that I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最好的电影。)
先行词被 the very, the only, the same, the last 等修饰时:This is the very book that I want.(这正是我想要的那本书。)
先行词既有人又有物时:They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.(他们谈论着他们所记得的人和事。)
当先行词为不定代词 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing 等时:All that can be done has been done.(所有能做的都已经做了。)
只能用 that 的情况
(二)只用which不用that的情况
关系代词和关系副词的特殊用法
“介词 + 关系代词” 结构
常见的介词有 in, on, at, for, with, to 等,介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。
例如:This is the book for which I paid ten yuan.(这就是我花了十元钱买的那本书。) pay for 是固定搭配。
关系代词在 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构中只能用 whom 指人,which 指物,不能用 that。
例如:The man with whom I shook hands just now is my teacher.(刚才和我握手的那个人是我的老师。)
定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
例如:He is one of the boys who are good at football.(他是擅长足球的男孩之一。)先行词是 boys,所以谓语用 are。
若先行词前有 the only, the very 等修饰时,从句谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:She is the only one of the girls who is good at singing.(她是这些女孩中唯一一个擅长唱歌的。)先行词是 the only one,所以谓语用 is。
as 引导的定语从句
as 引导限制性定语从句:通常用于 such…as…,the same…as… 结构中。
例如:I have the same book as you have.(我有一本和你一样的书。)
as 引导非限制性定语从句:可放在主句之前、之后或中间,常译为 “正如……”。
例如:As we all know, the earth is round.(众所周知,地球是圆的。)
定语从句与其他从句的区别
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制,关系词在从句中充当一定的成分;同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的解释说明,引导词在从句中不充当成分。
例如:The news that he told me is true.(定语从句,that 在从句中作宾语);The news that he won the game is true.(同位语从句,that 在从句中不充当成分)
定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词,而同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,如 news, fact, idea, promise 等。
定语从句与其他从句的区别
定语从句与状语从句的区别
定语从句在句中作定语,修饰先行词;状语从句在句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
例如:I will never forget the day when we first met.(定语从句,修饰 the day);I was reading a book when he came in.(状语从句,修饰动词 was reading)
定语从句在写作中的应用
在写作中,合理使用定语从句可以使文章更加丰富、准确地表达思想。例如:I have a good friend who is always willing to help me when I am in trouble.(我有一个好朋友,他总是在我遇到困难时愿意帮助我。)
总之,掌握定语从句的用法对于高中英语的学习至关重要,需要通过大量的练习和阅读来加深理解和熟练运用
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定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的主要区别在于,限制性定语从句是句子意义不可或缺的一部分,而非限制性定语从句则起补充说明作用。
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,是先行词不可缺少的定语。如果去掉,主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。例如,“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”中,“that I bought yesterday”是限制性定语从句。
定义与功能
与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
定义与功能
非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,即使去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。例如,“My father, who is a doctor, works very hard”中,“who is a doctor”是非限制性定语从句。
使用逗号的规则
非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,这是英语语法中的一个规则,有助于区分定语从句的类型,并且使句子更加清晰易懂。
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非限制性定语从句
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定语从句需注意的问题
先行词性质与关系词的关系
选择关系词时,要根据先行词的性质以及关系词在从句中所充当的成分来确定。例如,先行词是人时,通常使用“who”或“whom”;先行词是物时,通常使用“which”或“that”。
关系词在从句中的成分
确定关系词后,要注意它在从句中是否已经充当了合适的成分,以确保从句结构完整。例如,“He is one of the students who are good at English”中,“who”引导的定语从句中,“who”作主语,谓语动词“are”与先行词“students”保持一致。
Part 01
Part 02
关系词的选择
谓语动词与先行词的一致性
定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。这是英语语法中的一个基本原则,确保句子的正确性和流畅性。
主谓一致
从句的完整性要求关系词在从句中充当适当的成分,这有助于确保句子结构的完整性和语法的正确性。
关系词的适当成分
从句的完整性
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练习
一、用适当的关系词填空
I like the book ______ you lent me yesterday.
The boy ______ is standing there is my brother.
This is the house ______ I lived last year.
I still remember the day ______ we first met.
The reason ______ he was late for school is that he missed the bus.
练习
答案及解析
that/which 。先行词是 “the book”,指物,在从句中作宾语,所以可以用 that 或 which。
who/that 。先行词是 “the boy”,指人,在从句中作主语,所以用 who 或 that。
where 。先行词是 “the house”,表示地点,在从句中作地点状语,所以用 where。
when 。先行词是 “the day”,表示时间,在从句中作时间状语,所以用 when。
why 。先行词是 “the reason”,表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,所以用 why。
二、将下列两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的句子
The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday.
The boy is my brother. He is standing there.
This is the house. I lived in it last year.
I still remember the day. We first met on that day.
The reason is that he missed the bus. He was late for school for the reason.
答案
The book that/ which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
The boy who/ that is standing there is my brother.
This is the house which/that I lived in last year. 或 This is the house where I lived last year.
I still remember the day when we first met.
The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the bus.
练习
谢谢大家
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