专题14 单项选择（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）-【学考复习】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习（全国通用，春季高考适用）

专题14单项选择 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 3 考点一：词汇知识考查 3 考点二：语法知识考查 4 考点三：固定搭配与习惯用语考查 6 实战能力训练 10 1. 掌握基础知识 2. 理解题干语境 3. 辨析选项差异 4. 规范答题操作 （一）考查内容全面性 学考单项选择题考查的内容相当全面，涵盖了英语学习的多个方面。 词汇：不仅考查单词的基本释义，还涉及一词多义、近义词、反义词以及词汇在不同语境中的恰当运用。例如：“The little boy was so ____ when he saw the big dog that he couldn't move. A. frightened B. exciting C. bored D. interesting”，这里需要学生区分 frightened（害怕的）、exciting（令人兴奋的）、bored（无聊的）、interesting（有趣的）这几个形容词，根据语境 “看到大狗吓得不能动”，应选择 frightened，考查对形容词词义及语境搭配的掌握。 语法：从时态、语态到各类从句，再到句子结构、词性等均有涉及。像 “English ____ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken D. spoke”，考查一般现在时的被动语态，“英语被很多国家使用”，符合一般现在时被动语态 “be + 过去分词” 的结构，此处用 is spoken，检验学生对被动语态语法规则的理解与运用。 固定搭配及习惯用语：像 “look forward to” 后接动名词，“We are all looking forward to ____ the new movie. A. watch B. watching C. watched D. watches”，学生要牢记这个固定搭配的用法，此处应选 watching，重点考查对固定搭配后接词形式的把握；习惯用语如回应感谢用 “You're welcome”，回应道歉用 “It doesn't matter” 等，比如 “—Thank you for helping me! —____. A. All right B. That's right C. You're welcome D. It doesn't matter”，这里根据语境回应感谢应选 You're welcome。 （二）题干设置合理性 语境创设贴合实际：题干会营造出真实自然且学生容易理解的语言场景，让学生能够借助语境线索来解题。例如创设校园生活场景：“At school, we usually have a class meeting ____ Monday afternoon. A. in B. on C. at D. for”，根据 “在具体某一天的下午” 要用介词 “on” 这一知识点，结合校园生活中班会召开时间的语境，帮助学生判断出正确答案是 B。 语言简洁明了：避免复杂冗长、晦涩难懂的表述，用简洁的语句传达关键信息。比如：“The book which I bought yesterday ____ very interesting. A. is B. are C. was D. were”，清晰表明书的情况以及时间限定（昨天买的书现在很有趣），考查主谓一致和一般现在时的用法，让学生能快速聚焦考查点进行作答。 （三）选项设置迷惑性 形式相似：在语法结构、词性等方面设置相似选项来干扰学生。例如考查形容词比较级和最高级时，“This building is ____ than that one. A. taller B. tallest C. more tall D. the most tall”，选项中既有正确的比较级形式 taller，又有容易混淆的错误比较级和最高级形式，促使学生准确区分比较级和最高级的正确构成，避免误选。 意义相近：从语义角度设置相近的选项，让学生仔细斟酌差异。像在考查表示 “花费” 的几个词用法时，“It ____ me two hours to finish my homework last night. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid”，took、spent、cost、paid 都和 “花费” 有关，但用法各异，学生要根据具体的主语、搭配结构等差异来选出正确的 took（It takes sb. some time to do sth.），考查对近义词用法细微差别的分辨能力。 （一）词汇知识考查 单词拼写与变形： 考查形式及示例：学考会考查单词的正确拼写以及根据语法规则进行的变形。例如动词的时态变形，“He ____ (write) a letter to his parents last week.”，这里考查 write 的过去式 wrote，学生要记住规则动词和不规则动词的过去式变化形式才能准确填空；还有名词的单复数变形，“There are many ____ (book) on the shelf.”，book 要变为复数 books，考查学生对名词复数变化规则的掌握，像一般加 “s”，以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾加 “es” 等规则运用情况。 解题技巧：对于单词拼写，平时要注重积累词汇，多进行默写练习，强化记忆。针对单词变形，牢记常见的语法规则，比如动词时态变化中一般现在时第三人称单数的变化（加 “s” 或 “es”）、过去式和过去分词的规则与不规则变化等，遇到题目先判断考查的是哪种变形，再依据对应规则来填写。 答题注意事项：注意单词的拼写准确性，尤其是一些容易混淆的字母组合，比如 “ei” 和 “ie” 在单词中的顺序等。在进行单词变形时，要留意题目所给的时态、语态、数量等提示信息，确保变形完全符合题意要求。 词义辨析与搭配： 一词多义：同一个单词在不同语境中有不同含义，如 “bank” 有 “银行” 和 “河岸” 等意思，“My father works in a ____ near our home. A. bank B. park C. hospital D. school”，此处根据语境 “爸爸工作的地方”，应理解为 “银行”，选择 A，考查学生对一词多义的掌握及根据语境判断词义的能力。 近义词区分：像 “say”“tell”“speak”“talk” 都和 “说” 有关，但用法不同，“Can you ____ English? A. say B. tell C. speak D. talk”，考查 speak 后接语言的用法，学生要能区分这几个近义词在搭配对象、使用场景等方面的差异，才能选出正确答案，像 say 强调说的内容，tell 常接双宾语表示 “告诉某人某事”，talk 侧重交谈互动等。 反义词理解：比如 “hot” 与 “cold”，“The weather in winter is very ____. A. hot B. warm C. cold D. cool”，根据冬天天气的特点，应选择 cold，考查对反义词概念及在语境中恰当运用的掌握。 解题技巧：做词义辨析题时，首先仔细读题，理解题干所营造的语境，然后将每个选项代入语境中去看是否通顺合理。对于近义词，可以通过记忆它们常见的搭配词组、固定用法来加以区分，比如 make a speech（用 speak），tell a story（用 tell）等。对于一词多义，要结合上下文的提示来准确判断当下语境对应的词义。 答题注意事项：不要只看单词本身的常见意思，一定要结合语境去思考，避免望文生义。同时，在选择近义词时，要谨慎对比它们细微的用法差别，不能仅凭感觉随意选择。 （二）语法知识考查 时态和语态： 时态：不同时态有其特定的构成和使用场景。例如现在进行时，“Look! The children ____ (play) football on the playground.”，根据 “Look!” 这个提示词，表明动作正在进行，要用现在进行时 be + doing 的结构，即 are playing；过去完成时，“By the time I got to the cinema, the film ____ (start).”，表示在过去某个动作（got to the cinema）之前就已经发生的动作，要用过去完成时 had started，考查学生对不同时态的判断依据及构成形式的熟悉程度。 语态：考查主动语态和被动语态的运用。像 “The bridge ____ (build) last year. It's very beautiful now.”，“桥” 是 “被建造” 的，要用被动语态，时间是去年，所以用一般现在时的被动语态 was built，学生要明白何时该用被动语态以及其对应的时态结构，像一般现在时被动语态 “be + 过去分词”、一般过去时被动语态 “was/were + 过去分词” 等规则应用。 解题技巧：对于时态题，要善于抓住题目中的时间标志词，比如 “now”（现在进行时）、“yesterday”（一般过去时）、“since”（现在完成时）等，根据这些提示来确定使用的时态。判断语态时，看主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系还是被动关系，如果主语是动作的承受者，那就用被动语态。在复杂的句子中，可能需要分析动作发生的先后顺序来准确选择时态。 答题注意事项：注意时态的一致性，在主从复合句等结构中，主句和从句的时态要相互呼应，符合语法规则。对于被动语态，要准确判断动词的过去分词形式，避免拼写错误或与形容词混淆，比如 “broken”（动词 break 的过去分词）和 “broken”（形容词，破碎的）在不同语境下的正确使用。 从句知识： 宾语从句：考查引导词、语序和时态等方面。例如：“I don't know ____ he will come tomorrow. A. if B. what C. when D. where”，从引导词角度，根据句意 “不知道他明天是否会来”，选 if 表示 “是否”；语序上，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，像不能写成 “ I don't know if will he come tomorrow.”，考查学生对宾语从句这些关键知识点的掌握情况。 定语从句：像 “The book ____ I bought yesterday is very interesting. A. that B. who C. what D. when”，考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是 book（物），在从句中作宾语，所以用 that 引导，学生要清楚不同关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的用法及适用先行词情况。 状语从句：比如时间状语从句，“I'll call you ____ I get home. A. while B. as soon as C. until D. since”，根据句意 “我一到家就给你打电话”，选择 as soon as 引导时间状语从句，表示 “一…… 就……”，考查对状语从句引导词及对应语义关系的理解。 解题技巧：做宾语从句题时，先判断从句在整个句子中充当的成分（作宾语），再根据句意确定引导词（是表示疑问、陈述还是选择等意思），同时牢记要用陈述句语序。对于定语从句，找准先行词（被修饰的名词或代词），分析先行词在从句中的成分（作主语、宾语、状语等），从而选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。状语从句关键是理解主从句之间的逻辑关系（时间、原因、条件等），进而选择对应的引导词。 答题注意事项：在宾语从句中，尤其要注意语序问题，不能受中文思维影响而写成疑问句语序。在定语从句中，要准确判断先行词的性质（是人还是物等）以及它在从句中的作用，避免选错关系词。状语从句中要清楚不同引导词所表达的逻辑关系差异，防止混淆。 句子成分与词性： 句子成分：判断主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分。例如：“The beautiful girl is singing a song.”，“The beautiful girl” 是主语，“is singing” 是谓语，“a song” 是宾语，“beautiful” 是定语修饰 girl，学生要能准确分析句子各成分，这样有助于理解句子结构以及语法规则的运用，像定语修饰名词时的位置、词性搭配等情况。 词性：考查名词、动词、形容词、副词等词性的用法及相互转换。像形容词修饰名词，“He is a ____ (care) boy. He always makes mistakes.”，根据语境 “总是犯错” 可知是 “粗心的” 男孩，要用形容词 careful 的反义词 careless 填空，考查形容词的用法以及反义词的转换；副词修饰动词，“He runs ____ (fast).”，fast 本身既是形容词又是副词，此处修饰动词 runs，用副词形式 fast，考查副词修饰动词这一语法点。 解题技巧：分析句子成分时，可以通过找出句子中的核心动词来确定谓语，再看动作的执行者就是主语，动作的对象就是宾语等，同时留意修饰名词的是定语，修饰动词、形容词、副词的是状语等情况。对于词性转换题，要熟悉常见的词性变化规则，比如形容词变副词通常加 “ly”（但也有特殊情况需牢记），名词变形容词有的加 “ful” 等，根据所修饰对象和语法结构来判断需要的词性。 答题注意事项：在判断句子成分时，要准确把握各成分的定义和特点，不能混淆。对于词性转换，注意变化后的拼写规则以及变化后的词性在句子中的正确语法位置，比如不能把副词当作形容词用在名词前等情况。 （三）固定搭配与习惯用语考查 固定搭配： 动词短语搭配：像 “put off”（推迟），“The meeting had to be ____ because of the heavy rain. A. put off B. put on C. put away D. put up”，根据语境 “因为大雨会议不得不被推迟”，应选择 put off，考查对这类动词短语含义及在语境中运用的掌握；还有 “look after”（照顾），“My mother is ill. I have to ____ her at home.”，此处应填 look after，表示 “照顾妈妈”，考查对其用法的熟悉程度。 介词短语搭配：例如 “in front of”（在…… 前面）和 “in the front of”（在…… 前部）的区别，“The teacher is standing ____ the classroom. A. in front of B. in the front of C. before D. after”，老师站在教室内部的前部，要用 in the front of，考查学生对这两个易混淆介词短语的辨析能力。 解题技巧：对于动词短语搭配，平时要多积累常见的短语，并且通过造句等方式熟悉它们在不同语境中的用法，可以把相似的短语放在一起对比记忆，比如 “put on”（穿上、上演等）、“put away”（收拾起来）、“put up”（张贴、搭建等），找出它们的不同之处。对于介词短语，理解介词本身的含义以及它与其他词搭配后产生的特定意思，通过画图、举例等方式来直观地区分易混淆的介词短语。 答题注意事项：注意短语在具体语境中的准确含义，有些动词短语有多种意思，要根据题意来选择合适的意思应用。在选择介词短语时，要仔细分析所描述的位置关系等细节，避免因理解偏差选错答案。 习惯用语： 日常交际用语：回应问候用 “Hello”“Hi” 等，“—Hello! How are you? —. A. Fine, thank you B. I'm a student C. How do you do D. Goodbye”，根据日常交际习惯，回应 “How are you?” 要用 “Fine, thank you” 等表达自身状况的话语，考查学生对常见问候语回应方式的了解；邀请用语及回应，“—Would you like to go to the movies with me? —. A. Yes, I like B. Yes, I'd love to C. No, I don't D. That's right”，对于 “Would you like...” 这种邀请句式，常用 “Yes, I'd love to”（乐意去）或 “Sorry, I can't...”（抱歉不能去）等方式回应，考查对邀请用语回应习惯的掌握。 常用表达习惯：比如表达喜好，“I like reading books ____ than watching TV. A. good B. well C. better D. best”，考查 “like...better than...”（比起…… 更喜欢……）这个常用表达习惯，让学生在具体语境中运用正确的比较级形式来体现喜好程度差异。 解题技巧：学习日常交际用语和常用表达习惯，要多进行实际的对话模拟练习，把自己置身于不同的交际场景中，体会如何正确回应。对于一些固定的表达结构，像比较级、最高级的常用句式等，要牢记其形式和用法，遇到题目时准确识别并套用相应的结构。 答题注意事项：遵循英语的交际文化和语言习惯，不能按照中文思维去随意回答。在使用表达习惯时，注意语法的正确性，比如形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的正确形式以及修饰词的搭配等情况，确保整个表达符合英语的语法规范。 例题精练，举一反三 1. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ____ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. A. which B. that C. when D. where 2. ____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 3. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ____ the present one. A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as 4. —Have you heard that Tom, along with his parents, ____ to Japan? —Really? No wonder I haven't seen him these days. A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone 5. I still remember the day ____ I first met her in the library. A. which B. when C. that D. where 6. ____ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever 7. Only when he reached the tea-house ____ it was the same place he'd been in last year. A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize 8. There is no doubt ____ we will succeed if we keep trying. A. whether B. when C. that D. if 9. It is reported that many a new house ____ at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built 10. The book is of great value. ____ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything 11. She looks sad. Could you please tell me ____ that prevents her from being as happy as before? A. it is what B. what it is C. how it is D. it is how 12. —What's the matter with Della? —Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still ____. A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for 13. —Did you enjoy yourself at the party? —Yes. I've never been to ____ one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 14. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away 15. You can't imagine what difficulty we had ____ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 16. I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is ____ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why 17. The moment I got home, I found I ____ my jacket on the playground. A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving 18. ____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 19. —Do you think George has passed the driving test? —No. If so, he ____ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven 20. We've offered her the job, but I don't know ____ she'll accept it. A. where B. what C. whether D. which 21. I wonder how much you charge for your services. The first two are free ____ the third costs $30. A. while B. until C. when D. before 22. To her disappointment, what she had devoted herself to ____ in nothing but failure. A. resulting B. results C. resulted D. to result 23. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 24. Mary, ____ here — everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 25. The new movie ____ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declines 26. —I'm sorry I didn't make it to your party last night. —____. I know you're busy these days. A. Of course B. No kidding C. That's all right D. Don't mention it 27. —How do you find the movie Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3? —____. It's really breathtaking. A. On my own B. For myself C. By accident D. In my opinion 28. —I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. —Do you mean we ____ bring anything with us? A. can't B. mustn't C. shan't D. needn't 29. —I'm going to Appleby tomorrow. —____! I'm going up there too. A. What a coincidence B. Good luck C. Congratulations D. No problem 30. I ____ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldn't have gone B. didn't go C. wouldn't go D. hadn't gone 1．（2024高二上·广东·学业考试）—Diana, your new skirt looks very nice on you. —___________. I like it very much. A．That's OK B．Thank you C．Don't mention it D．I don't think so 2．（2024高二上·广东·学业考试）— Shall we go to Harbin for the summer holiday? —___________. A．Never mind B．Not at all C．Sounds great D．The same to you 3．（2024高二上·广东·学业考试）—Let's go for a picnic on Sunday, Lily. —Oh, ___________. I have to prepare for the coming test. A．Cheers B．go ahead C．take it easy D．what a pity 4．（2024高二上·广东·学业考试）—Mike, thank you for driving me home. —____________, Have a nice day. A．That's right B．I'm afraid not C．You're welcome D．That's a good idea 5．（2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试）The British people and the American people not only speak the same language but __________ a lot of special customs as well. A．share B．spare C．hold D．carry 6．（2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试）A fast food restaurant is the place __________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. A．which B．what C．there D．where 7．（2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试）You can never imagine what great difficulty I had __________ the solution to this problem. A．found B．to find C．finding D．for finding 8．（2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试）After the cake __________ 20 equal parts, the host took them before the guests. A．divided into B．had been divided into C．separated into D．had been separated from 9．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）The program hopes to persuade the young people ________ smoking. A．not to try B．don’t try C．not trying D．aren’t trying 10．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）EBay and Amazon are popular websites ________ people can sell goods to each other. A．when B．which C．where D．whose 11．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）Bill always seems so confident, but in fact he’s ________ shy. A．extremely B．gradually C．directly D．immediately 12．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）If you always compare yourself ________ others, you won’t feel happy. A．in B．by C．of D．with 13．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）— The sky lantern is beautiful. Did you make it all by yourself? — ________. My mom gave me a hand. A．Not at all B．Of course C．You’re joking D．Not exactly 14．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）You’ll speak English well ______ you keep practicing. A．though B．while C．if D．before 15．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. A．Unless B．Once C．If D．When 16．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）— ? —I need some music CDs. A．What’s wrong B．Can I help you C．How much are the CDs D．Are you all right 17．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）I bought a pen last week, but I lost ______. A．it B．that C．one D．this 18．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）— Must I wear the school uniform on school days? — . It’s one of the school rules. A．It’s beautiful B．I don’t think so C．I’m afraid so D．It fits you well 19．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）—Would you like to watch a movie with me after the exam? —______. A．It doesn’t matter B．You’re welcome C．Yes, I’d love to D．Enjoy yourself 20．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）—  Could you help me with my English after school? — . A．It’s a pleasure B．With pleasure C．You’re welcome D．OK, I could 21．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）—It’s kind of you to help me clean the rooms. —______. A．Don’t say that B．It’s my pleasure C．It doesn’t matter D．I’m sorry to hear that 22．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Look! There ______ some pencils on the table. A．are B．is C．was D．were 23．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）I ______ my football everywhere, but I couldn’t find it. A．looked after B．looked at C．looked into D．looked for 24．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Tom worked late into the night ______ the coming exam. A．pass B．passing C．to pass D．passed 25．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）I enjoy reading a book ______ is about the traditional culture of paper-cutting. A．what B．who C．whose D．which 26．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Where are my glasses? I ______ them a moment ago. A．will have B．had C．have D．have had 27．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Chengdu held the 31st World University Games ______ the summer of 2023. A．at B．for C．in D．on 28．（2022高二上·甘肃·学业考试）Ben, a friend of ________, is willing to work as a volunteer in our community. A．Ι B．me C．my D．mine 29．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Mom often tells me ______ apple a day keeps the doctor away. A．a B．an C．不填 D．the 30．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）— My parents will take me to Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday. — . A．Good luck to you B．It’s a good idea C．Best wishes to you D．Have a good time 31．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）－I’m sorry I can’t give you a ride to the station. －____________. A．Not at all B．Don’t mention it C．Thank you all the same D．I understand 32．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）Alice won the game again! The news made her fans . A．inspiring; exciting B．inspired; excited C．inspiring; excited D．inspired; exciting 33．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）John is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves 30 minutes. A．at B．of C．on D．in 34．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试） Lily Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A．Neither; nor B．Both; and C．Not only; but also D．Either; or 35．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）The metro in Lanzhou is open to the public. exciting news it is! A．What B．How C．How an D．What an 36．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）You didn’t use to like her much when we were at school, ? A．did you B．didn’t you C．were you D．weren’t you 37．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）- May I have look at the new skirt you bought yesterday? - Of course. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 38．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. It be true because there was little snow there. A．can’t B．may not C．won’t D．mustn’t 39．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）My son knows nothing about his hometown. He _____________there. A．has ever been B．has never been C．has ever gone D．has never gone 40．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）In the botanic garden we can find a (n) ________ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A．species B．quality C．amount D．variety 41．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）A great hall has been_________ in order to ease the problem of dining congestion (拥堵) in our school. A．put up B．taken up C．set up D．looked up 42．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）Don’t stay up too late, ______________ you’ll find it hard to get up on time tomorrow. A．or B．but C．and D．so 43．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）Jane __________ be in the office. She has gone to the meeting room. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 44．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not ____________ . A．widely B．equally C．entirely D．extensively 45．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）All the restaurants are listed on the paper ____________ you can choose one to have lunch easily. A．although B．because C．so that D．if 46．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）The secret of his success is that he does everything ______________. A．efficiently B．curiously C．anxiously D．sufficiently 47．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too _________ to eat. A．excited B．nervous C．brave D．shocked 48．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）The writer has made some adaptations of this novel to make it more_________ to young readers. A．acceptable B．approachable C．accessible D．adjustable 49．（2023高二·天津红桥·学业考试）A year is divided into four seasons, as we all know, _______ the first is spring. A．which B．of them C．when D．of which 50．（2023高二·天津红桥·学业考试）I went home and _______ my schoolbag and started to help Mother do the cooking. A．put off B．dropped off C．turned off D．shut off ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题14单项选择 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 3 考点一：词汇知识考查 3 考点二：语法知识考查 4 考点三：固定搭配与习惯用语考查 6 实战能力训练 11 1. 掌握基础知识 2. 理解题干语境 3. 辨析选项差异 4. 规范答题操作 （一）考查内容全面性 学考单项选择题考查的内容相当全面，涵盖了英语学习的多个方面。 词汇：不仅考查单词的基本释义，还涉及一词多义、近义词、反义词以及词汇在不同语境中的恰当运用。例如：“The little boy was so ____ when he saw the big dog that he couldn't move. A. frightened B. exciting C. bored D. interesting”，这里需要学生区分 frightened（害怕的）、exciting（令人兴奋的）、bored（无聊的）、interesting（有趣的）这几个形容词，根据语境 “看到大狗吓得不能动”，应选择 frightened，考查对形容词词义及语境搭配的掌握。 语法：从时态、语态到各类从句，再到句子结构、词性等均有涉及。像 “English ____ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken D. spoke”，考查一般现在时的被动语态，“英语被很多国家使用”，符合一般现在时被动语态 “be + 过去分词” 的结构，此处用 is spoken，检验学生对被动语态语法规则的理解与运用。 固定搭配及习惯用语：像 “look forward to” 后接动名词，“We are all looking forward to ____ the new movie. A. watch B. watching C. watched D. watches”，学生要牢记这个固定搭配的用法，此处应选 watching，重点考查对固定搭配后接词形式的把握；习惯用语如回应感谢用 “You're welcome”，回应道歉用 “It doesn't matter” 等，比如 “—Thank you for helping me! —____. A. All right B. That's right C. You're welcome D. It doesn't matter”，这里根据语境回应感谢应选 You're welcome。 （二）题干设置合理性 语境创设贴合实际：题干会营造出真实自然且学生容易理解的语言场景，让学生能够借助语境线索来解题。例如创设校园生活场景：“At school, we usually have a class meeting ____ Monday afternoon. A. in B. on C. at D. for”，根据 “在具体某一天的下午” 要用介词 “on” 这一知识点，结合校园生活中班会召开时间的语境，帮助学生判断出正确答案是 B。 语言简洁明了：避免复杂冗长、晦涩难懂的表述，用简洁的语句传达关键信息。比如：“The book which I bought yesterday ____ very interesting. A. is B. are C. was D. were”，清晰表明书的情况以及时间限定（昨天买的书现在很有趣），考查主谓一致和一般现在时的用法，让学生能快速聚焦考查点进行作答。 （三）选项设置迷惑性 形式相似：在语法结构、词性等方面设置相似选项来干扰学生。例如考查形容词比较级和最高级时，“This building is ____ than that one. A. taller B. tallest C. more tall D. the most tall”，选项中既有正确的比较级形式 taller，又有容易混淆的错误比较级和最高级形式，促使学生准确区分比较级和最高级的正确构成，避免误选。 意义相近：从语义角度设置相近的选项，让学生仔细斟酌差异。像在考查表示 “花费” 的几个词用法时，“It ____ me two hours to finish my homework last night. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid”，took、spent、cost、paid 都和 “花费” 有关，但用法各异，学生要根据具体的主语、搭配结构等差异来选出正确的 took（It takes sb. some time to do sth.），考查对近义词用法细微差别的分辨能力。 （一）词汇知识考查 单词拼写与变形： 考查形式及示例：学考会考查单词的正确拼写以及根据语法规则进行的变形。例如动词的时态变形，“He ____ (write) a letter to his parents last week.”，这里考查 write 的过去式 wrote，学生要记住规则动词和不规则动词的过去式变化形式才能准确填空；还有名词的单复数变形，“There are many ____ (book) on the shelf.”，book 要变为复数 books，考查学生对名词复数变化规则的掌握，像一般加 “s”，以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾加 “es” 等规则运用情况。 解题技巧：对于单词拼写，平时要注重积累词汇，多进行默写练习，强化记忆。针对单词变形，牢记常见的语法规则，比如动词时态变化中一般现在时第三人称单数的变化（加 “s” 或 “es”）、过去式和过去分词的规则与不规则变化等，遇到题目先判断考查的是哪种变形，再依据对应规则来填写。 答题注意事项：注意单词的拼写准确性，尤其是一些容易混淆的字母组合，比如 “ei” 和 “ie” 在单词中的顺序等。在进行单词变形时，要留意题目所给的时态、语态、数量等提示信息，确保变形完全符合题意要求。 词义辨析与搭配： 一词多义：同一个单词在不同语境中有不同含义，如 “bank” 有 “银行” 和 “河岸” 等意思，“My father works in a ____ near our home. A. bank B. park C. hospital D. school”，此处根据语境 “爸爸工作的地方”，应理解为 “银行”，选择 A，考查学生对一词多义的掌握及根据语境判断词义的能力。 近义词区分：像 “say”“tell”“speak”“talk” 都和 “说” 有关，但用法不同，“Can you ____ English? A. say B. tell C. speak D. talk”，考查 speak 后接语言的用法，学生要能区分这几个近义词在搭配对象、使用场景等方面的差异，才能选出正确答案，像 say 强调说的内容，tell 常接双宾语表示 “告诉某人某事”，talk 侧重交谈互动等。 反义词理解：比如 “hot” 与 “cold”，“The weather in winter is very ____. A. hot B. warm C. cold D. cool”，根据冬天天气的特点，应选择 cold，考查对反义词概念及在语境中恰当运用的掌握。 解题技巧：做词义辨析题时，首先仔细读题，理解题干所营造的语境，然后将每个选项代入语境中去看是否通顺合理。对于近义词，可以通过记忆它们常见的搭配词组、固定用法来加以区分，比如 make a speech（用 speak），tell a story（用 tell）等。对于一词多义，要结合上下文的提示来准确判断当下语境对应的词义。 答题注意事项：不要只看单词本身的常见意思，一定要结合语境去思考，避免望文生义。同时，在选择近义词时，要谨慎对比它们细微的用法差别，不能仅凭感觉随意选择。 （二）语法知识考查 时态和语态： 时态：不同时态有其特定的构成和使用场景。例如现在进行时，“Look! The children ____ (play) football on the playground.”，根据 “Look!” 这个提示词，表明动作正在进行，要用现在进行时 be + doing 的结构，即 are playing；过去完成时，“By the time I got to the cinema, the film ____ (start).”，表示在过去某个动作（got to the cinema）之前就已经发生的动作，要用过去完成时 had started，考查学生对不同时态的判断依据及构成形式的熟悉程度。 语态：考查主动语态和被动语态的运用。像 “The bridge ____ (build) last year. It's very beautiful now.”，“桥” 是 “被建造” 的，要用被动语态，时间是去年，所以用一般现在时的被动语态 was built，学生要明白何时该用被动语态以及其对应的时态结构，像一般现在时被动语态 “be + 过去分词”、一般过去时被动语态 “was/were + 过去分词” 等规则应用。 解题技巧：对于时态题，要善于抓住题目中的时间标志词，比如 “now”（现在进行时）、“yesterday”（一般过去时）、“since”（现在完成时）等，根据这些提示来确定使用的时态。判断语态时，看主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系还是被动关系，如果主语是动作的承受者，那就用被动语态。在复杂的句子中，可能需要分析动作发生的先后顺序来准确选择时态。 答题注意事项：注意时态的一致性，在主从复合句等结构中，主句和从句的时态要相互呼应，符合语法规则。对于被动语态，要准确判断动词的过去分词形式，避免拼写错误或与形容词混淆，比如 “broken”（动词 break 的过去分词）和 “broken”（形容词，破碎的）在不同语境下的正确使用。 从句知识： 宾语从句：考查引导词、语序和时态等方面。例如：“I don't know ____ he will come tomorrow. A. if B. what C. when D. where”，从引导词角度，根据句意 “不知道他明天是否会来”，选 if 表示 “是否”；语序上，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，像不能写成 “ I don't know if will he come tomorrow.”，考查学生对宾语从句这些关键知识点的掌握情况。 定语从句：像 “The book ____ I bought yesterday is very interesting. A. that B. who C. what D. when”，考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是 book（物），在从句中作宾语，所以用 that 引导，学生要清楚不同关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的用法及适用先行词情况。 状语从句：比如时间状语从句，“I'll call you ____ I get home. A. while B. as soon as C. until D. since”，根据句意 “我一到家就给你打电话”，选择 as soon as 引导时间状语从句，表示 “一…… 就……”，考查对状语从句引导词及对应语义关系的理解。 解题技巧：做宾语从句题时，先判断从句在整个句子中充当的成分（作宾语），再根据句意确定引导词（是表示疑问、陈述还是选择等意思），同时牢记要用陈述句语序。对于定语从句，找准先行词（被修饰的名词或代词），分析先行词在从句中的成分（作主语、宾语、状语等），从而选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。状语从句关键是理解主从句之间的逻辑关系（时间、原因、条件等），进而选择对应的引导词。 答题注意事项：在宾语从句中，尤其要注意语序问题，不能受中文思维影响而写成疑问句语序。在定语从句中，要准确判断先行词的性质（是人还是物等）以及它在从句中的作用，避免选错关系词。状语从句中要清楚不同引导词所表达的逻辑关系差异，防止混淆。 句子成分与词性： 句子成分：判断主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分。例如：“The beautiful girl is singing a song.”，“The beautiful girl” 是主语，“is singing” 是谓语，“a song” 是宾语，“beautiful” 是定语修饰 girl，学生要能准确分析句子各成分，这样有助于理解句子结构以及语法规则的运用，像定语修饰名词时的位置、词性搭配等情况。 词性：考查名词、动词、形容词、副词等词性的用法及相互转换。像形容词修饰名词，“He is a ____ (care) boy. He always makes mistakes.”，根据语境 “总是犯错” 可知是 “粗心的” 男孩，要用形容词 careful 的反义词 careless 填空，考查形容词的用法以及反义词的转换；副词修饰动词，“He runs ____ (fast).”，fast 本身既是形容词又是副词，此处修饰动词 runs，用副词形式 fast，考查副词修饰动词这一语法点。 解题技巧：分析句子成分时，可以通过找出句子中的核心动词来确定谓语，再看动作的执行者就是主语，动作的对象就是宾语等，同时留意修饰名词的是定语，修饰动词、形容词、副词的是状语等情况。对于词性转换题，要熟悉常见的词性变化规则，比如形容词变副词通常加 “ly”（但也有特殊情况需牢记），名词变形容词有的加 “ful” 等，根据所修饰对象和语法结构来判断需要的词性。 答题注意事项：在判断句子成分时，要准确把握各成分的定义和特点，不能混淆。对于词性转换，注意变化后的拼写规则以及变化后的词性在句子中的正确语法位置，比如不能把副词当作形容词用在名词前等情况。 （三）固定搭配与习惯用语考查 固定搭配： 动词短语搭配：像 “put off”（推迟），“The meeting had to be ____ because of the heavy rain. A. put off B. put on C. put away D. put up”，根据语境 “因为大雨会议不得不被推迟”，应选择 put off，考查对这类动词短语含义及在语境中运用的掌握；还有 “look after”（照顾），“My mother is ill. I have to ____ her at home.”，此处应填 look after，表示 “照顾妈妈”，考查对其用法的熟悉程度。 介词短语搭配：例如 “in front of”（在…… 前面）和 “in the front of”（在…… 前部）的区别，“The teacher is standing ____ the classroom. A. in front of B. in the front of C. before D. after”，老师站在教室内部的前部，要用 in the front of，考查学生对这两个易混淆介词短语的辨析能力。 解题技巧：对于动词短语搭配，平时要多积累常见的短语，并且通过造句等方式熟悉它们在不同语境中的用法，可以把相似的短语放在一起对比记忆，比如 “put on”（穿上、上演等）、“put away”（收拾起来）、“put up”（张贴、搭建等），找出它们的不同之处。对于介词短语，理解介词本身的含义以及它与其他词搭配后产生的特定意思，通过画图、举例等方式来直观地区分易混淆的介词短语。 答题注意事项：注意短语在具体语境中的准确含义，有些动词短语有多种意思，要根据题意来选择合适的意思应用。在选择介词短语时，要仔细分析所描述的位置关系等细节，避免因理解偏差选错答案。 习惯用语： 日常交际用语：回应问候用 “Hello”“Hi” 等，“—Hello! How are you? —. A. Fine, thank you B. I'm a student C. How do you do D. Goodbye”，根据日常交际习惯，回应 “How are you?” 要用 “Fine, thank you” 等表达自身状况的话语，考查学生对常见问候语回应方式的了解；邀请用语及回应，“—Would you like to go to the movies with me? —. A. Yes, I like B. Yes, I'd love to C. No, I don't D. That's right”，对于 “Would you like...” 这种邀请句式，常用 “Yes, I'd love to”（乐意去）或 “Sorry, I can't...”（抱歉不能去）等方式回应，考查对邀请用语回应习惯的掌握。 常用表达习惯：比如表达喜好，“I like reading books ____ than watching TV. A. good B. well C. better D. best”，考查 “like...better than...”（比起…… 更喜欢……）这个常用表达习惯，让学生在具体语境中运用正确的比较级形式来体现喜好程度差异。 解题技巧：学习日常交际用语和常用表达习惯，要多进行实际的对话模拟练习，把自己置身于不同的交际场景中，体会如何正确回应。对于一些固定的表达结构，像比较级、最高级的常用句式等，要牢记其形式和用法，遇到题目时准确识别并套用相应的结构。 答题注意事项：遵循英语的交际文化和语言习惯，不能按照中文思维去随意回答。在使用表达习惯时，注意语法的正确性，比如形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的正确形式以及修饰词的搭配等情况，确保整个表达符合英语的语法规范。 例题精练，举一反三 1. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ____ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. A. which B. that C. when D. where 解析: 本题考查强调句结构“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”，这里强调的是时间状语“only when the car pulled up in front of our house”，所以选 B。 2. ____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 解析: “be faced with”是固定短语，表示“面临，面对”，此处用过去分词短语作状语，相当于“When Arnold was faced with...”，所以选 C。 3. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ____ the present one. A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as 解析: “倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as”是表示倍数比较的常用结构，本题表达新体育场将是现在这个体育场的三倍大，所以选 B。 4. —Have you heard that Tom, along with his parents, ____ to Japan? —Really? No wonder I haven't seen him these days. A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone 解析: 主语是 Tom，“along with his parents”是伴随状语，不影响主语的单复数，所以谓语动词用单数形式；“has gone to”表示去了某地（还没回来），“has been to”表示去过某地（已经回来了），根据语境是去了日本还没回来，所以选 B。 5. I still remember the day ____ I first met her in the library. A. which B. when C. that D. where 解析: 本题考查定语从句，先行词是“the day”，在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词“when”引导，相当于“on which”，所以选 B。 6. ____ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever 解析: “however”引导让步状语从句，修饰形容词或副词，相当于“no matter how”，本题中“hard”是副词，表达无论你多么努力尝试，所以选 A。 7. Only when he reached the tea-house ____ it was the same place he'd been in last year. A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize 解析: “only + 状语从句”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或 be 动词提到主语前面，所以选 D。 8. There is no doubt ____ we will succeed if we keep trying. A. whether B. when C. that D. if 解析: “There is no doubt that...”是固定句型，表示“毫无疑问……”，所以选 C。 9. It is reported that many a new house ____ at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built 解析: “many a + 可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；根据“at present”可知用现在进行时的被动语态，所以选 D。 10. The book is of great value. ____ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything 解析: 句意是这本书很有价值，除非你理解它，否则什么也欣赏不到。“Nothing”表示“什么都没有”，符合语境，所以选 A。 11. She looks sad. Could you please tell me ____ that prevents her from being as happy as before? A. it is what B. what it is C. how it is D. it is how 解析: 本题考查强调句的特殊疑问句形式作宾语从句，强调句结构为“it is + 被强调部分 + that...”，在宾语从句中要用陈述语序，这里强调的是疑问词“what”，所以选 B。 12. —What's the matter with Della? —Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still ____. A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for 解析: “hope to”后面省略了“go to the party”，表示她仍然希望去参加聚会，“hope so”表示希望如此，“hope not”表示希望不是这样，“hope for”后面接名词，所以选 A。 13. —Did you enjoy yourself at the party? —Yes. I've never been to ____ one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 解析: 此处是比较级表示最高级的用法，“exciting”修饰“one（指代 party）”，表示“令人兴奋的”，意为“我从来没去过比这更令人兴奋的聚会了”，所以选 C。 14. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away 解析: “huge quantities of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“earth”和“wash away”是被动关系，且根据语境用现在进行时的被动语态，所以选 D。 15. You can't imagine what difficulty we had ____ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 解析: “have difficulty (in) doing sth.”是固定短语，表示“做某事有困难”，介词 in 可以省略，所以选 D。 16. I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is ____ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why 解析: 此处考查表语从句，“which”指代前面所说的情况，表语从句解释这就是他什么都完不成的原因，所以用“why”引导，所以选 D。 17. The moment I got home, I found I ____ my jacket on the playground. A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving 解析: “left”这个动作发生在“got home”之前，即过去的过去，要用过去完成时，所以选 A。 18. ____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 解析: 句子主语“the south foot of the mountain”与“see”是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，相当于“When it is seen...”，所以选 A。 19. —Do you think George has passed the driving test? —No. If so, he ____ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven 解析: 本题考查虚拟语气，根据“If so”可知是对过去情况的假设，主句要用“would + have + 过去分词”的形式，所以选 C。 20. We've offered her the job, but I don't know ____ she'll accept it. A. where B. what C. whether D. which 解析: 句意是我们已经给她提供了这份工作，但不知道她是否会接受，“whether”表示“是否”，符合语境，所以选 C。 21. I wonder how much you charge for your services. The first two are free ____ the third costs $30. A. while B. until C. when D. before 解析: “while”在这里表示对比，意为“而”，前两项免费，而第三项要花费 30 美元，所以选 A。 22. To her disappointment, what she had devoted herself to ____ in nothing but failure. A. resulting B. results C. resulted D. to result 解析: “what she had devoted herself to”是主语从句，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，且根据语境用一般过去时，所以选 C。 23. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 解析: “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，“their pet dog”和“follow”是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语，所以选 B。 24. Mary, ____ here — everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 解析: 此处是祈使句，用动词原形开头，所以选 A。 25. The new movie ____ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declines 解析: “promise”有“有希望，有可能”的意思，句意为这部新电影有可能成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一，A 符合语境，B 表示同意，C 表示假装，D 表示拒绝，所以选 A。 26. —I'm sorry I didn't make it to your party last night. —____. I know you're busy these days. A. Of course B. No kidding C. That's all right D. Don't mention it 解析: 对于别人的道歉，常用“That's all right”（没关系）来回应，所以选 C。 27. —How do you find the movie Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3? —____. It's really breathtaking. A. On my own B. For myself C. By accident D. In my opinion 解析: “In my opinion”表示“在我看来”，用于表达个人观点，符合语境，A 表示独自，B 表示为了我自己，C 表示偶然，所以选 D。 28. —I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. —Do you mean we ____ bring anything with us? A. can't B. mustn't C. shan't D. needn't 解析: 句意是你是说我们不必带任何东西了吗，“needn't”表示“不必”，A 表示不能，B 表示禁止，C 表示将不，所以选 D。 29. —I'm going to Appleby tomorrow. —____! I'm going up there too. A. What a coincidence B. Good luck C. Congratulations D. No problem 解析: “What a coincidence”表示“真巧啊”，根据语境两人都要去同一个地方，所以选 A。 30. I ____ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldn't have gone B. didn't go C. wouldn't go D. hadn't gone 解析: 本题考查虚拟语气，“without your generous help”相当于一个虚拟条件句，对过去情况进行假设，主句要用“couldn't + have + 过去分词”的形式，表示“本不可能……”，所以选 A。 1．（2024高二上·广东·学业考试）—Diana, your new skirt looks very nice on you. —___________. I like it very much. A．That's OK B．Thank you C．Don't mention it D．I don't think so 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意:——Diana, 你的新裙子看起来很漂亮。——谢谢。我非常喜欢它。A. That’s OK 没关系；B. Thank you 谢谢；C. Don’t mention it 别客气；D. I don’t think so 我不这么认为。根据“Diana, your new skirt looks very nice on you”可知，Diana 应该对对方的赞美表示感谢，故选B。 2．（2024高二上·广东·学业考试）— Shall we go to Harbin for the summer holiday? —___________. A．Never mind B．Not at all C．Sounds great D．The same to you 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——这个暑假我们去哈尔滨吗？——听起来很好。A.没关系 ；B.一点也不；C.听起来很好；D.你也一样。上文发出邀请，答句应该是接受邀请，C选项符合题意。故选C项。 3．（2024高二上·广东·学业考试）—Let's go for a picnic on Sunday, Lily. —Oh, ___________. I have to prepare for the coming test. A．Cheers B．go ahead C．take it easy D．what a pity 【答案】D 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——星期天让我们去野餐吧，——莉莉。太遗憾了，我得准备将要进行的考试。A.干杯；B.开始，去吧；C.别着急；D.太遗憾了。根据答句，Lily要准备考试不能赴约，所以是一种遗憾。故选D项。 4．（2024高二上·广东·学业考试）—Mike, thank you for driving me home. —____________, Have a nice day. A．That's right B．I'm afraid not C．You're welcome D．That's a good idea 【答案】C 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——迈克，谢谢你开车送我回家。——不客气，祝你有美好的一天。A. That’s right 对的，没错；B. I’m afraid not 恐怕不是；C. You’re welcome 不客气；D. That’s a good idea 那是个好主意。根据对方的感谢语句“Thank you for driving me home”可知，合适的回答是“不客气”。故选C。 5．（2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试）The British people and the American people not only speak the same language but __________ a lot of special customs as well. A．share B．spare C．hold D．carry 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：英国人和美国人不仅说同一种语言，而且共同有着很多特殊的风俗习惯。A. share分享，共有；B. spare度过；C. hold持，抓住；D. carry带着。根据前文“not only speak the same language”可知，此处意为“共有着很多特殊的风俗习惯”，故应用动词share，故选A。 6．（2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试）A fast food restaurant is the place __________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. A．which B．what C．there D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：快餐店，顾名思义，就是快速进食的地方。定语从句修饰先行词place，关系词在从句作地点状语，故用where。故选D。 7．（2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试）You can never imagine what great difficulty I had __________ the solution to this problem. A．found B．to find C．finding D．for finding 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你永远无法想象我在找到这个问题的解决办法时遇到了多大的困难。短语have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难，固定搭配，所以空处需用动名词作宾语。故选C。 8．（2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试）After the cake __________ 20 equal parts, the host took them before the guests. A．divided into B．had been divided into C．separated into D．had been separated from 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析和时态。句意：蛋糕被分成20等份后，主人把蛋糕拿到客人面前。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，表示过去的过去，为过去完成时的被动语态，故排除A、C选项；由后面的20 equal parts可知，此处表示将整体分为几个部分，故用divide…into…表示“将……分为……”之意；而separate…from…表示“把……和……分开”之意，不符合语境。故选B。 9．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）The program hopes to persuade the young people ________ smoking. A．not to try B．don’t try C．not trying D．aren’t trying 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：该项目希望说服年轻人不要尝试吸烟。表示“劝说某人不要做某事”短语为persuade sb. not to do sth.，用不定式的否定形式。故选A。 10．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）EBay and Amazon are popular websites ________ people can sell goods to each other. A．when B．which C．where D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：EBay和亚马逊是人们可以互相销售商品的热门网站。“________ people can sell goods to each other.”为定语从句，修饰先行词websites，先行词指地点，关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。 11．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）Bill always seems so confident, but in fact he’s ________ shy. A．extremely B．gradually C．directly D．immediately 【答案】A 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：比尔看起来总是很自信，但事实上他非常害羞。A. extremely非常； B. gradually逐渐地；C. directly直接地；D. immediately立刻。根据句子中的“but”可知，前后句是转折关系，和“so confident”相反的是“extremely shy”。故选A。 【点睛】 12．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）If you always compare yourself ________ others, you won’t feel happy. A．in B．by C．of D．with 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你总是拿你自己和别人比较，那么你将不会感到开心。compare sth./sb. with sth./sb.，把什么和什么进行比较，故选D。 13．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）— The sky lantern is beautiful. Did you make it all by yourself? — ________. My mom gave me a hand. A．Not at all B．Of course C．You’re joking D．Not exactly 【答案】D 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——天灯很漂亮。都是你自己做的吗?  ——不完全是。我妈妈帮了我一把。A. Not at all一点也不；B. Of course 当然；C. You’re joking你在开玩笑；D. Not exactly不完全是。根据后文“My mom gave me a hand”可知应该表达“不完全是”。故选D。 14．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）You’ll speak English well ______ you keep practicing. A．though B．while C．if D．before 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你坚持练习，你会说好英语的。A. though虽然；B. while然而，在……期间；C. if如果；D. before在……之前。根据句意可知，后文“you keep practicing”是前文的条件。故选C项。 15．（2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试）________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. A．Unless B．Once C．If D．When 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：除非你能睡好，否则你会在一两个晚上失去集中注意力、计划和保持动力的能力。A.Unless 除非； B.Once 一旦；C.If 如果； D.When 当……时。根据“________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.”前后意思是不一致的，故选表示unless 表示否定意义的连词，如果不，除非，使前后意思一致并引导条件状语从句。故选A。 16．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）— ? —I need some music CDs. A．What’s wrong B．Can I help you C．How much are the CDs D．Are you all right 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我可以帮助你吗？——我需要一些音乐CD。A. What’s wrong怎么了？B. Can I help you我可以帮助你吗？C. How much are the CDs这些CD多少钱？D. Are you all right你还好吗？根据答语“我需要一些唱片”可知，问句是服务用语“我可以帮助你吗?”Can I help you，故选B。 17．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）I bought a pen last week, but I lost ______. A．it B．that C．one D．this 【答案】A 【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：我上星期买了一支钢笔，但是我把它丢了。A. it它，代指上文提到的同一物体；B. that那个；C. one一个，指代同类不同物的物体；D. this这个。根据“I bought a pen last week,”可知，指代上文提到的钢笔。故选A。 18．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）— Must I wear the school uniform on school days? — . It’s one of the school rules. A．It’s beautiful B．I don’t think so C．I’m afraid so D．It fits you well 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—— 我上学时必须穿校服吗？ —— 恐怕如此吧，那是学校的一项规定。A. It’s beautiful很好看；B. I don’t think so我不这么认为；C. I’m afraid so恐怕如此；D. It fits you well.它很适合你。根据下文“It’s one of the school rules(那是学校的一项规定)”，可知下文同意上文表达的含义，认为空白应该如此，故选C项。 19．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）—Would you like to watch a movie with me after the exam? —______. A．It doesn’t matter B．You’re welcome C．Yes, I’d love to D．Enjoy yourself 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——考试后你想和我一起看电影吗？——是的，我非常乐意。A. It doesn’t matter没关系；B. You’re welcome不用谢；C. Yes. I’d love to是的，我很乐意；D. Enjoy yourself玩的开心。根据句意，这是表示对对方的邀请，Yes. I’d love to表示接受了对方的邀请，符合情景。故选C。 20．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）—  Could you help me with my English after school? — . A．It’s a pleasure B．With pleasure C．You’re welcome D．OK, I could 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—— 放学后你能帮助我学习英语吗？—— 愿意效劳。A. It’s a pleasure别客气（用于表示对对方感谢的回应）；B. With pleasure愿意效劳（用于对别人请求帮助的回应）；C. You’re welcome不客气（用于表示对对方感谢的回应）；D. OK, I could好吧，我能（用于对别人请求帮助的回应，但could表示“请求”含义时，一般不用于答语）。根据上文“Could you help me with my English after school?( 放学后你能帮助我学习英语吗？)”可知，此处是要寻求帮助，答语应为对别人请求帮助的回应，故选B项。 21．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）—It’s kind of you to help me clean the rooms. —______. A．Don’t say that B．It’s my pleasure C．It doesn’t matter D．I’m sorry to hear that 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际用语。句意：—你帮我打扫房间真是太好了。—这是我的荣幸。A. Don’t say that别那样说；B. It’s my pleasure这是我的荣幸；C. It doesn’t matter没关系；D. I’m sorry to hear that听到这个消息我很难过。根据语境可知，收到被帮助人的感谢时可使用“这是我的荣幸”来回答。B项符合语境。故选B。 22．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Look! There ______ some pencils on the table. A．are B．is C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：看！桌子上有一些铅笔。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。there be句型，be动词应遵循就近原则，主语some pencils 是复数，be动词用are。故选A。 23．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）I ______ my football everywhere, but I couldn’t find it. A．looked after B．looked at C．looked into D．looked for 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我到处找我的足球，但就是没有找到。A. looked after照顾；B. looked at看；C. looked into调查；D. looked for寻找。根据后文“but I couldn’t find it”可知，是在寻找足球。故选D项。 24．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Tom worked late into the night ______ the coming exam. A．pass B．passing C．to pass D．passed 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：为了通过即将到来的考试，汤姆工作到深夜。分析句子结构可知，句子结构完整，空处可使用不定式在句中表示目的，作目的状语。故选C。 25．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）I enjoy reading a book ______ is about the traditional culture of paper-cutting. A．what B．who C．whose D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢读一本关于剪纸传统文化的书。句中先行词为a book，指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选D。 26．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Where are my glasses? I ______ them a moment ago. A．will have B．had C．have D．have had 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：我的眼镜在哪儿？我刚才还戴着呢。根据时间状语a moment ago可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。A.一般将来时，B.一般过去时，C.一般现在时，D.现在完成时，故选B项。 27．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Chengdu held the 31st World University Games ______ the summer of 2023. A．at B．for C．in D．on 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词。句意：成都于2023年夏季举办了第31届世界大学生运动会。季节前一般用介词in。故选C。 28．（2022高二上·甘肃·学业考试）Ben, a friend of ________, is willing to work as a volunteer in our community. A．Ι B．me C．my D．mine 【答案】D 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：本，我的一个朋友，愿意在我们的社区做志愿者。A.I我（人称代词主格）；B.me我（人称代词宾格）C.my我的（形容词性物主代词）；D. mine我的（名词性物主代词）。此处作宾语，用“a+名词单数+of+名词性物主代词”，构成双重所有格，表示“某人众多……的一个”。故选D。 29．（2023高二下·四川·学业考试）Mom often tells me ______ apple a day keeps the doctor away. A．a B．an C．不填 D．the 【答案】B 【详解】考查冠词。句意：妈妈经常告诉我一天一个苹果，医生远离我。根据句意可知，此处泛指“一个苹果”应用不定冠词限定apple，apple以元音音素开头，应用an。故选B项。 30．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）— My parents will take me to Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday. — . A．Good luck to you B．It’s a good idea C．Best wishes to you D．Have a good time 【答案】D 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——今年暑假我父母会带我去上海迪斯尼乐园。——祝你玩得愉快。A. Good luck to you祝你好运；B. It’s a good idea是个好主意；C. Best wishes to you给你最深的祝福；D. Have a good time祝你玩得愉快。根据“My parents will take me to Shanghai Disneyland this summer holiday.”可知，祝愿对方在上海迪斯尼乐园玩得愉快。故选D。 31．（2023高三上·广东·学业考试）－I’m sorry I can’t give you a ride to the station. －____________. A．Not at all B．Don’t mention it C．Thank you all the same D．I understand 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——对不起，我不能载你去车站。——还是要谢谢你。A. Not at all别客气；B. Don’t mention it不客气；C. Thank you all the same还是谢谢你；D. I understand我了解。根据前文“I’m sorry I can’t give you a ride to the station”可知，是本来提供帮助，但是现在不行了，所以回答应是依旧感谢，C项符合语境。故选C项。 32．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）Alice won the game again! The news made her fans . A．inspiring; exciting B．inspired; excited C．inspiring; excited D．inspired; exciting 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱丽丝又赢了比赛！这个鼓舞人心的消息让她的粉丝激动不已。inspiring形容词，意为“鼓舞人心的”；inspired形容词，意为“受到鼓舞的、有雄心壮志的”；exciting形容词，意为“令人激动的”；excited形容词，意为“激动的、兴奋的”。根据句意，第一个空表示“鼓舞人心的”，作定语修饰“news”，故应用inspiring；第二个空表示“激动的”，作宾补，故应用excited。故选C。 33．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）John is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves 30 minutes. A．at B．of C．on D．in 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词。句意：约翰很着急，因为去机场的火车30分钟后就要开了。根据句意可知，火车应该是要在30分钟后离开，介词in+一段时间表示“一段时间后”，符合句意。故选D。 34．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试） Lily Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A．Neither; nor B．Both; and C．Not only; but also D．Either; or 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：莉莉或是露西可以和你一起去，因为她们中必须有一个留在家里。A. Neither; nor既不……也不……；B. Both; and两者都；C. Not only; but also不但……而且……；D. Either; or或者……或者……。根据“because one of them must stay at home.”可知，莉莉和露西只能去一个，或者莉莉去，或者露西去。故选D。 35．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）The metro in Lanzhou is open to the public. exciting news it is! A．What B．How C．How an D．What an 【答案】A 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：兰州的地铁对公众开放。多么令人兴奋的消息啊！此处考查感叹句句式，news意为“消息”，为不可数名词，所以此处应用what引导，且不需要冠词。故选A。 36．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）You didn’t use to like her much when we were at school, ? A．did you B．didn’t you C．were you D．weren’t you 【答案】A 【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：我们在学校的时候，你不怎么喜欢她，是吗？分析句子可知，本句为反义疑问句；由谓语部分“didn’t use”可知，陈述部分为否定形式，故疑问部分应为肯定形式，即did you。故选A。 37．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）- May I have look at the new skirt you bought yesterday? - Of course. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】考查冠词。句意：——我可以看看你昨天买的新裙子吗?——当然。固定短语：have a look at看一看。故选A。 38．（2023高二上·甘肃临夏·学业考试）I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. It be true because there was little snow there. A．can’t B．may not C．won’t D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：我听说他们去年冬天去山上滑雪了。这不可能是真的，因为那里几乎没有雪。根据“because there was little snow there”可知，此处是指这件事是不可能的，考查情态动词的推测用法，所以应用can’t表示“不可能”。故选A。 39．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）My son knows nothing about his hometown. He _____________there. A．has ever been B．has never been C．has ever gone D．has never gone 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：我儿子对他的家乡一无所知。他从未去过那里。由“My son knows nothing about his hometown”可知，句子表示“我儿子对他的家乡一无所知。他从未去过那里”，空格处用现在完成时，排除A和C选项，has gone表示去了还没回来，而has been表示去过，因此B选项正确。故选B。 40．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）In the botanic garden we can find a (n) ________ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A．species B．quality C．amount D．variety 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词的辨析。句意：在植物园里，我们可以找到各种各样的植物，从高大的树木到小花。A. species物种；B. quality质量；C.amount总数，数量；D. variety多样性。根据下文“that range from tall trees to small flowers”可知，此处指植物的种类多种多样，应用固定短语a variety of“各种各样的”。故选D。 41．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）A great hall has been_________ in order to ease the problem of dining congestion (拥堵) in our school. A．put up B．taken up C．set up D．looked up 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了缓解我们学校用餐拥挤的问题，已经建了一个大厅。A. put up张贴；B. taken up占据；C. set up建立；D. looked up查找。根据空前A great hall可知，此处一个新的大厅被建立。故选C。 42．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）Don’t stay up too late, ______________ you’ll find it hard to get up on time tomorrow. A．or B．but C．and D．so 【答案】A 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：别熬夜太晚，否则你会发现明天准时起床很困难。A. or否则；B. but但是；C. and并且；D. so因此。根据句中“Don’t stay up too late”可知，此处是劝告你不要熬夜太晚，否则准时起床很困难，所以此处用连词or。故选A。 43．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）Jane __________ be in the office. She has gone to the meeting room. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：简不可能在办公室。她去会议室了。A. mustn’t禁止；B. needn’t不需要；C. can’t不可能；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句中“She has gone to the meeting room.”可知，简去了会议室，所以她不可能在办公室，所以此处用can’t表示否定推测。故选C。 44．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not ____________ . A．widely B．equally C．entirely D．extensively 【答案】C 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，我同意雪莉的观点，尽管不是完全同意。A. widely 广泛的； B. equally平等地；C. entirely完全地； D. extensively广阔地，广泛地。根据句意及though一词可以推断出，设空处意为“完全地”。故选C项。 45．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）All the restaurants are listed on the paper ____________ you can choose one to have lunch easily. A．although B．because C．so that D．if 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：所有的餐馆都列在纸上，这样你就可以很容易地选择一个吃午饭。A. although虽然；B. because因为；C. so that以便于；D. if如果。由“All the restaurants are listed on the paper”和“you can choose one to have lunch easily”可知，句子表示“所有的餐馆都列在纸上，这样你就可以很容易地选择一个吃午饭”，空格处意为“以便于”，用so that引导目的状语从句，故选C。 46．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）The secret of his success is that he does everything ______________. A．efficiently B．curiously C．anxiously D．sufficiently 【答案】A 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他成功的秘诀在于他做事有效率。A. efficiently高效地；B. curiously好奇地；C. anxiously忧虑地；D. sufficiently足够地。由“The secret of his success”可知，句子表示“他成功的秘诀在于他做事有效率”，空格处意为“高效地”。故选A。 47．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too _________ to eat. A．excited B．nervous C．brave D．shocked 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在农场，鸡甚至是猪都过于紧张而无法进食。A.excited激动地；B.nervous紧张的；C.brave勇敢的；D.shocked震惊的。too...to表示“太……以致不能”。根据逻辑判断，动物应该是太过于紧张而无法进食。故选B。 48．（2023高二·江苏·学业考试）The writer has made some adaptations of this novel to make it more_________ to young readers. A．acceptable B．approachable C．accessible D．adjustable 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让年轻读者更容易理解这本小说，作者对它做了一些改编。A. acceptable可接受的；B. approachable亲切友好的，可接近的； C. accessible可理解的，可进入的；D. adjustable可调节的。根据“have made some adaptations”可知，对小说做出改编的目的是为了让年轻读者更容易理解小说。故选C项。 49．（2023高二·天津红桥·学业考试）A year is divided into four seasons, as we all know, _______ the first is spring. A．which B．of them C．when D．of which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一年分为四个季节，我们都知道，第一个季节是春天。分析句子可知，“A year is divided into four seasons”为主句，逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句。结合意思可知，这里表示一年四季中的第一个为春季，因此非限制性定语从句的结构为“the first of which /of which the first”，关系代词which指代先行词“four seasons”，故选D。 50．（2023高二·天津红桥·学业考试）I went home and _______ my schoolbag and started to help Mother do the cooking. A．put off B．dropped off C．turned off D．shut off 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我回到家，放下书包，开始帮妈妈做饭。A. put off推迟；B. dropped off放下；C. turned off 关上；D. shut off关闭。根据句意可知，应为介词短语dropped off与“went”和“started”并列作谓语，词义为“放下”。故选B。 ( 23 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$