Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Discover Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Discovering useful structure-----Noun Clause To learn some useful words and phrases To be able to mark a noun clause To learn to analyse the function of a noun clause To be able to use and write noun clauses Lead-in 3 [观察例句] 1．What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei. 2. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 3．It's important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life. 4．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 5．Her tutor explained that she was supposed to read lots of information to help form a wise opinion of her own. 6．The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 皆为主从复合句 主语从句 主语从句。it为形式主语 表语从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 The structure of noun clauses 名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句subject clause 宾语从句object clause 表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause 从句一律保持陈述语序 II 名词性从句定义 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。 根据名词性从句在句中充当的不同成分，可以把名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 6 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 that（无词义单一宾语从句可省略，其他不能）, whether, if （是否） as if/as though (好像) what, who, whom, whose, which, whoever, whatever, whichever when, where, how, why 有(无)词义， 但不做成分 有词义， 做主，宾，表，定语 有词义， 做状语成分 Conjunctions of Noun Clauses(引导名词性从句的关联词): Find and discuss the functions of noun clauses. ① Who will win the match is still unknown. ② What he wants to tell us is not very clear. ③ Where we shall perform the experiment is still under discussion. ④ When we will hold the sports meet hasn’t been announced. ⑤ How he got in touch with Tom will be discussed at the conference. ⑥ That light travels faster than sound is known to us all. ⑦ Whether she likes the present is not clear to me. 以上从句为名词性从句中 _____________ (类)，引导词可以用： ________________________________________________________ 主语从句 that / whether / what / who / when / where / why / whatever / whoever 等 Observe and Discover 1. _________ did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished. 2. __________ doubts he might have had about Ingrid were all over now. 3. ______ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. Whoever Whatever When 一、主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分 it 的用法: 形式主语 It’s possible / important / necessary / clear … that … 很可能 / 重要的是…… / 必要的是…… / 很清楚…… It’s said / reported … that … 据说 / 据报道…… It’s been announced / declared that … 已经通知 / 宣布…… It seems / appears / happens … that … 显然 / 明显 / 碰巧…… It’s no wonder that … 并不奇怪 / 无疑…… It’s a pity that … 遗憾的是…… It’s a fact / a common knowledge … 众所周知…… It’s a common saying … 俗话说 “if” 不能引导主语从句，应由“whether”引导 主语从句的“that” 一般不能省略 “what” 引导主语从句时，谓语动词： (1) 常与其后作表语的名词一致 (2) 根据句子的语境而定 · What you left here yesterday are only several old books. · What you told us at the conference is of great importance. · What he says and does doesn’t concern me. · What he says and does don’t agree. 10 “易错”引导词的区别： 一、what & that ◆what引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。 ◆that引导名词性从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分。如： I really don’t know what they are talking about behind others. (what引导宾语从句，在从句中作about的宾语) He tells me (that) he is leaving for Shanghai on business. (that引导宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分) 二、whether & if ◆whether可与or not连用，但if不能。 ◆whether从句可位于句首或句尾，而if不能引导位于句首的主语从句。如： Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow hasn’t been discussed at the meeting yet. (不能用if引导) ◆if不能引导表语从句、同位语从句。 ◆介词后的宾语从句不能用if引导。如： It all depends on whether they will join us in the football match. (不能用if引导) 1. I asked her ______________ she had a bike. 2. ____________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. We're worried about ____________ he is safe. 4. I don't know _________________ he will come. 5. I don't know ____________ or not he is well. 6. The question is ____________ he should do it. 7. The doctor can hardly answer the question ________ the old man will recover soon. 8. I don't know ___________ to go. if / whether Whether whether whether / if whether whether whether whether Whether和 if 的区别 13 Whether和 if 的区别 不能使用if 的情况： a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 e. 介词后的宾语从句 f. 不定式前用whether 即 whether to do g. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if. 14 Find and discuss the functions of noun clauses. ① I hope (that) China will become a successful and prosperous country. ② I wonder why Jane gets on so well with her classmates. ③ I can’t imagine what would become of the world without books. ④ One reason is that I want to know when I can having a good time. ⑤ I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work. ⑥ Now, I'd like to know whether / if you’ve ever worked independently. 以上从句为名词性从句中_____________(类),引导词可以有： ______________________________________________________ 宾语从句 that / whether / what / who / when / where / why / whatever / whoever等 Observe and Discover 二、宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语） that (常可省略), whether, if 连词： who, what, which, whoever, whatever when, where, why, how 1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。 2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. travels 宾语从句注意事项 ◆表示“建议、命令、要求”等意义的动词，如suggest, demand, order, insist等，其后的宾语从句中谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可省略。如： She demanded that he (should) return the books he borrowed from her. I suggest you (should) ask him some specific questions about his past. He ordered that the porter (should) lock the doors at night. ◆如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态要用过去的相应时态。但若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语仍用一般现在时。如： The teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun. ◆当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： Do you think it possible that the work will be finished by the end of this month? He thinks it important that we try to do some housework after school. The headmaster has made it clear that the school meeting will not be put off. ◆当主句主语是第一人称，且谓语为think, believe, suppose, expect等动词时，如果宾语从句表示否定意思，通常否定前移，即否定主句谓语。如： I don’t think (that) I can ever forgive him. I don’t believe (that) he can come here on time. 以上从句为名词性从句中_____________(类)，引导词有： ____________________________________________________ 表语从句 that / whether / what / who / when / where / why / whatever / whoever 等 Observe and Discover Find and discuss the functions of noun clauses. ① The fact is that we have lost the game. ② The question is what we should do. ③ The problem is how we should carry out the plan. ④ The question is whether the film is worth seeing. ⑤ The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus by one minute this morning. ⑥ My suggestion is that we (should) tell him the truth. 连接词：that / whether / as if / as though (if 不引导表语从句) 连接代词：who / whoever / which / whatever 连接副词：when / where / why / how 三、表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。作用：对主语进行解释说明。 Summary 1. 在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。 2. 一般情况下,“that”不能省略。 3. It is / was why … 4. The reason (why … / for …) is / was that … 即学即练 1. This is ______ happens when you make rash decisions. 2. The best moment for the football star was ______ he scored the winning goal. what when 表语从句注意事项 ◆当主语是reason，且后面的表语从句表示原因时通常用that引导从句；而it, this或that作主语时，后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。如： The reason was that a lot of people like to make puns. I told her it was because people could make them into fried chicken. That was why I didn’t forget to smile at the old people whenever I saw them. ◆表语从句还可由as if / though, as等引导。如： It looks as if it is going to rain. The house looks as it did when he lived in it as a child. 以上从句为名词性从句中___________(类)，引导词可以有：___________________________________________ I have no idea when you began to learn English. how this would translate into Chinese. where they are spending their holidays. who my future boyfriend will be. why he was looking at me when he said that. which one would you recommend. what lies beyond the next valley. whom they are talking about in secret. whether the traffic is terrible on that way. that she has yet ever seen a man she cared for. 同位语从句 that / whether / what / who / when / where / why 等 Observe and Discover 四、同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea, belief, fact, truth, rumour, news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。 同位语从句常用 that / whether 引导或连接副词 when / where / why / how。 即学即练 1. About 68% of those surveyed disagreed with the opinion ______ reading is boring or old-fashioned. 2. The __________ (possible) that something could go wrong required a state of hyper-awareness. that possibility We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 1. 同位语从句: that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分； 定语从句: that 是关系代词，起连接作用，充当宾语和主语。 2. 同位语从句:与前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明； 定语从句:与前面的名词是所属关系, 对名词进行修饰, 加以限定。 3. 同位语从句: that 不能省略； 定语从句: that 在从句中作宾语时, 可以省略。 Compare and Discover The fact that she had apologized counted for nothing with him. The news that an earthquake hit the country gave everyone a shock. Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind. The thought that suddenly came to me is terrible. (that clause = the fact) （同位语从句） (that 指代 the news) （定语从句） （同位语从句） (定语从句） Compare and Discover 如何选择正确的连接词 分析句子成分 缺主宾表定 缺状语 用连接代词 用连接副词 根据语意缺什么补什么都不缺用that或whether 1. _________ goes against the tide of history will come to no good end. 2. At 9:00 in the morning, I called my dad to ask ___________ I could come over after work. 3. We must find out ______ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 4. Many reasons can explain _____ people like to have pets. 5. Watson, look up into the sky and tell me _______ you can see. 6. We need to find ________ it’s coming from and _____ are we experiencing such feeling. whether / if when Whoever 即学即练 why what where why 1. People often link their memory of _____ they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. (2024年新课标全国高考I卷) 2. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond ________ I liked it or not. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷) 3. Perhaps most remarkable, however, was the fact ______ this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. (2024年1月浙江高考英语) 4. I think a point that many people lose sight of is _____ easy it can be to fall behind schedule. (2024年1月浙江高考英语) 5. She decided that she would memorize _______ her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn’t exist. (2024年1月浙江高考英语) 即学即练 what whether that Practice how where 6. I happen to know _____ Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet. (2024年新课标全国高考II卷) 7. It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see _____ Tang’s play was being performed.(2024年新课标全国高考II卷) 8. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. _________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. 9. After a heated discussion that lasted for ______ seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. (2024年新课标全国高考II卷) 10. The only opportunity she could seize to study was ______ her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷) that how 即学即练 Practice Whoever what when 1. _______________(可能)she will come back tomorrow. 2. _______________(很明显)this measure is effective. 3. _______________(很遗憾) we lost the match. 4. ______________ (这是事实) he cheated in the exam. 5. _________________(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. 6. _________________(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise. 7. ________________(碰巧) I came into the office at that time. 8. ____________________(我突然想起) I forget to send the letter. It is possible that It is obvious that It is a pity that It is a fact that It is reported that It is suggested that It happened that It occurred to me that 根据提示补全句子。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 2.The reason for his absence is he hasn’t been informed. 3.He must answer the question he agrees with it or not. 4.Scientists point out the globe is getting warmer and warmer. 5.There is some doubt the sports meeting will be held on time. 6.I’ve come with a message he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. How that whether that whether that 7.It is necessary that a college student (master) a foreign language. 8.We mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know _____ was going on in the world. 9.We all consider important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow. 10.Though scientists aren’t sure is causing this change，the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall. (should) master what it what THANK YOU x264 0.128.2216+688+32 a17ff54 tMod [8-bit@4:2:0 X86] $$