【春考特训课】第03讲：语法知识之介词动词 - 【决胜春考】2025 春季高考英语冲刺总复习（江苏专用）

第03讲 语法知识之介词动词 ◆【介词】◆ 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 介词不能单独使用，必须后跟宾语，构成介词短语在句中使用，介词短语由介词+宾语构成，在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。 高考中语法填空中填介词的情况是纯空格题： 1、空格后是名词或代词，且名词前面有冠词或代词修饰, 而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时   2、固定短语搭配 【要点梳理】 考点一：时间介词 · in, on, at in the 1950s 在20世纪50年代 in summer 在夏天 in one’s thirties 在某人三十多岁时 in the morning/afternoon/evening on May 1st 在五月一日 on Monday 在星期一 on a cold night 在一个寒冷的晚上 on Saturday afternoon 在星期日下午 at 3:20 在三点二十分 at this time of year 在一年的这个时候 at noon 在中午 at this moment 在这一刻 at the end of... 在......末尾 at night 在晚上 at dawn 在黎明 at dust 在黄昏 in+一段时间 表将来 She will come back in three days.她三天后会回来。 after+一段时间 指过去 He returned after five months.他五个月后回来的。 after+将来时间点 表示将来某一时刻之后 She will appear after five o’clock.五点之后他会到达。 in+一段时间 表将来 She will come back in three days.她三天后会回来。 时间名词前有last, next, this, that, these, those, some, any, every, each等词时，前面不用介词。 类似的时间状语还有：last Sunday, that morning, these years... · for, from, since from+时间点，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短 from...to... 从......到...... Let’s discuss it over lunch. （包括所指的时间在内，此时与throughout相同） You’re not allowed to chat through my class. Can you return the book by Monday? We left before daybreak. (1) 用于肯定句时,主句的动作一般是延续性的,它表示的动作一直延续到till或until所表示的时间为止 You’d better stay till tomorrow. They kept working till/until it became completely dark. (2) 用于否定句时,主句的动作一般是短暂性的,它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生. I didn’t go home till/until I finish my homework yesterday afternoon. He doesn’t get up till/until 10 a.m. on Saturday mornings. 考点二：地点、方位介词 · 表示“上/下” 意义 垂直 不垂直 相接触 在......之上 over above on 在......之下 under below beneath · in, on, to Jilin lies in the northeast of China. Russia lies on the north of China. South Korea is to the northeast of China. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. He arrived at the station at ten. · 方向介词 He can swim across the river. They walk through the forest. The airplane flies over the roof of the house. · 工具、方式、手段的介词 by 表示交通方式 by air, by plane, by bus “按......算” by the year/day/hour       by the pound/ton 通过......（方式/手段） by phone/email      by hard work with with+有形的工具或身体某些器官 with a pencil=in pencil     with our eyes/ears/legs with+表示情感态度的名词 with satisfaction        with permission with+有形的工具或身体某些器官 with a pencil=in pencil     with our eyes/ears/legs in 用于语言/原料/颜色/情绪等词之前 in English， in ink， in red，  in high spirits ，in surprise · 固定短语 by hand 手工 on the radio 通过广播 in this/that way 用这种/那种方试 by this/that means 用这种/那种方式 with this/that method 用这种/那种方法 · 其他介词 All the students go out except Tom.除了汤姆，所有的学生都出去了。 Besides you, I have a few friends.除了你，我还有几个朋友。 The walls were bare except for a clock.墙上除了一只挂钟什么也没有。 he building stands between the park and the small river.那栋楼位于公园和小河之间。 We'll visit a town among the mountains.我们将要参观一个被群山环绕的小镇。 拓展： to，at介词辨析 at sb.与动词连用，表示攻击的目标；laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 to sb.只表示方向，没有恶意；turn to sb. for help求助某人 考点三：介词固定搭配 · 名词＋about concern about 关怀 doubt about怀疑 remark about 评论 opinion about意见 · 名词＋for ability for能力 charge for收费 cure for医治 excuse for借口 love for爱 necessity for所需要 pity for惋惜 sorry for 惋惜 talent for天才 ambition for抱负 anxiety for渴望 desire for欲望 hope for希望 need for需要 occasion for时机 reason for理由 request for请求 sympathy for同情 · 名词＋from absence from 缺席 protection form保护 difference from不同 relief from解除 · 名词＋in confidence in 信任 faith in信仰 improvement in改进 point in有意义 pride in自傲 success in成功 trust in信赖 delight in欣喜 difficulty in困难 harm in 有害 increase in增长 interest in 兴趣 progress in有进步 skill in技能 · 名词＋of advocate of提倡 capability of有能力 care of注意 description of描述 examination of检查 example of例证 intention of意图 analyses of分析 cause of起因 consideration of考虑 doubt of怀疑 expectation of预期 feeling of感觉 habit of习惯impression of印象 number of数目 pair of 一对 prevention of预防 quality of 品质 sample of样品 pleasure of荣幸 possibility of可能性 shortage of短缺 lack of短缺 · 名词＋on attack on攻击 dependence on依赖 emphasis on强调 influence on影响 judgment on判断 mercy on同情 operation on手术 remark on评论 effect on影响 impression on印象 lecture on讲授 outlook on观点 stress on强调 congratulation on祝贺 · 动词＋on put on穿 call on拜访 have on 穿 depend on依据,依靠信任 rely on依据,依靠，信任 operate on手术 live on为生 insist on坚持 congratulate on祝贺 · 名词＋over advantage over占优势 quarrel over争论 victory over战胜 control over控制 · 名词＋to answer to回答 appeal to请求 approach to途径 barrier to障碍 end to 结束 guide to领导 invitation to邀请 reference to提及，参与 warning to警告 access to 进入 attention to注意 claim to要求 devotion to挚爱 limit to限制 solution to解决方法 · 动词＋to listen to听 get to到达 reply to答复 apologize to道歉 belong to 属于 agree to同意 add to增加 refer to指向 lead to导致 turn to转向 admit to承认 · 名词＋with agreement with协议 contact with接触 common with共同 connection with有关系 conversation with谈话 communication with交流 talk with讲话 problems/trouble with麻烦 · 形容词＋about careless about粗心 certain about有把握 hopeful about抱希望 sure about肯定 crazy about迷恋 doubtful about怀疑 enthusiastic about热情 particular about讲究 serious about用心 curious about好奇 cautious about谨慎 · 【介词思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1. After a cat and mouse game, he finally decided I was worthy of at least a little of his trust and came close enough to me ____ me to grab (抓住) him. 2. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way ____ success is our fear. Overcome it and we will be able to achieve our goals. 3. This was Jerry’s golden opportunity, but he felt his hand shaking as he picked up his pen to write his name ____the paper. The exam was particularly important… 4. ____ our excitement, our parade performance was a great success. 5. It was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression _____ the students. 6. Now remember that in real life when you strike _________ cause you’ll hurt yourself most of all. 7. ________ the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have steadily developed over the years. 8. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time and I will conquer this problem by spending more effort ____ concentration practice in future. 9. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me _______ all those things. 10. Brazil was named to host this important sporting event ____ October, 2009. 11. About 30 percent ____ people there live in poverty, or in poor conditions. 12. Is“sorry”the hardest word? Not for the British Education Secretary Michael Gove, who has apologized recently to his former French teacher _____ his bad behaviors in class. 13. They successfully designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines _____ the bottom of the sea. 14. Squeezing as much food as possible into your mouth the last few seconds is allowed, but vomiting (呕吐) will result ____ your immediate removal from the contest. 15. Lizzie was gone. She was one of the 19 cows that Nancy lost.“I owe my life ______ her,”said Nancy sobbingly. 16. Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts ____ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. 17. I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _____ the reservation. 18. The new boy looked at the teacher ______a few seconds and… 19. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him ____ his own either. 20. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _____ table having supper. · 单项选择 1．________ meeting the need of highspeed Internet access, 5G network can also support 4K Ultra HD video calling and other services. A．On account of　　　B．On top of C．In terms of       D．In favor of 2． ________ clear goals, we become strangely loyal to performing daily doings until we become slaves of them. A．On top of       B．In the silence of C．On account of  D．In the absence of 3．“We’ve never sold anyone’s data，” Zuckerberg said ________ British lawmaker Damian Collins, who released some emails between Zuckerberg’s company and other tech companies. A．in response to      B．in contrast to C．in proportion to   D．in addition to 4．The disaster relief funds are already________so that people in the earthquakestricken area can carry out reconstruction work without delay. A．in place       B．in demand C．in order       D．in vain 5．The pollution in Beijing is expected to improve，________a series of air pollution control measures. A．regardless of       B．but for    C．thanks to       D．such as 6. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office. —Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for       B. on       C. in       D. at 7. China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally. A. in line with      B. in reply to C. inreturn for    D. in honour of 8. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________. A. at first                    B. after all C. above all                  D. at random 9．Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. A. in contrast to         B. in defense of C. in face of              D. in relation to 10．Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry. A. at       B. in       C. on       D. by 11．When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old. A. among       B. against        C. behind       D. below 12．He still helped us heartily ________ being exhausted after working three hours. A．in response to        B．in case of C．in spite of        D．in addition to 13．As you know, anger doesn’t help in 99% of situations; ________， it usually makes things worse. A．in response         B．in contrast C．in conclusion        D．in return 14．All the students kept silence throughout the class________ the teacher’s switch from the PE lesson to a maths lesson that day. A．in terms of        B．in response to C．in return for        D．in spite of 15．One well of the oil field was still burning with huge fire twisting crazily________the night sky. A．in        B．on  C．against         D．across 课后反馈 演练 单句语法填空 1．I eased him        his difficulty by telling him what to do.  2．This sort of life is not calculated to appeal       a young man of 20.  3．A third of Africa is         threat of desertification.  4．Suspecting the traveler       carrying drugs, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase. 5．I hold the firm belief that I am equal         the job as a volunteer for the fair.  6．Though she practised hard, the fear of losing the game was still hanging           her.  7．We are all responsible for this tragic situation           a certain extent.  8．Building transportation infrastructure(基础设施) is vital        the country’s economic development. 9．Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical        American actors. 10．Don’t be so strict with your son;        all he is only a five-year-old child. 单句语法填空 1. He was very tired ____________ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy. 2. You need a password to get access ____ the computer system. 3. They united to find a solution ____ their problem. 4. Her devotion ____ her mother was beyond words. 5. The workers’ demands _____higher pay were refused by the employers. 6. The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure ______ cancer. 7. When judging his performance, don’t take his age ______ account. 8. They threatened(威胁) to shoot him and robbed him _____ all his possessions. 9. The doctors cured her ____ cancer. 10. The heavy rain prevented us ______ coming on time. 【2024·新高考I卷】 The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route . 【2024年新高考II卷】 I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)is similar in some ways _______Romeo and Juliet." 【2024年全国甲卷】 This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park. 【2023年全国甲卷】 She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ______ saving their environment. Now, I’ve come to love those of small living things. 【2023年全国乙卷】 From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads. Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore. 【2023年新高考I卷】 There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _______ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents. 【2023年新高考II卷】 And who do they speak English ________? 【2023年浙江卷1月】 Thanks to Beijing’s long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events. ◆【动词】◆ 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，每年均为重点。历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括： 1. 动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。 2.高频动词短语意义辨析。 主要考点: 考查主要集中于高频的动词短语, 如break, bring, call, come, get, go, make, take, turn, put, pick, hold,keep, look, carry, set, cut, show, pull等构成的短语。 【要点梳理】 考点一：动词的基本形式 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。 · 规则动词变化表 · 不规则动词变化表 考点二：系动词 如：He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。 如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。 如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。 如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。 如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） ① Let/make somebody do sth 如：The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school. ② Make sb/sth adj. 如：The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful. ③ Have somebody do sth让某人做某事 如：My mother haves me make the bed. ④ Have sth done让某物被…… 如：I have my hair cut/washed. 考点三：及物动词和不及物动词 常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有：accept, admire, admit, affect, afford, discover, educate, enjoy, explain,forget, guess, invent, love, post, raise等。 常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有： 1. 直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词：bring, give, hand, pass, post, promise, read, return, show, teach, tell,lend等。 2. 直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词：buy, choose, cook, draw, find, fetch, make, order, paint, purchase, save,spare等。 3. 既可加to，也可加for的动词：do, get, play,sing等。 常见的不及物动词主要有：ache, agree, apologize, appear, arrive, come, go, cry, dance, die,disappear, dream, exist, fall, flow, graduate, sit, stand, stay, wait, rise,lie, happen等。 考点四：助动词 助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态，语态，语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词，助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种。 ⒈ 按结构分：时态助动词和结构助动词 ⒉ 时态助动词有：be(am,is,are;was,were),have(has,had),will(would)和shall(should)和主动词一起构成各种时态、语态和语气。 ⒊ 结构助动词：do(does,did)，本身无词义，它仅为无助动的动词提供助动词，构成疑问结构和否定结构。 考点五：动词和动词短语 offer（提出）, learn（学会）, plan（计划）, ask, demand（要求）, promise, agree（答应）, help（帮助）, prepare（准备）, decide, choose, determine（决定）, refuse（拒绝）, dare（敢于）, manage（设法）, wish, hope, expect（希望, 想要）, fail（未能做到）, pretend（假装）, set out（开始着手做某事）等。 mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏）, appreciate（感激, 欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢, 厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗, 抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝, 否认）, consider（考虑）, admit (to)（承认）, contribute to（捐助、贡献）, get down to（着手做）, give way to（让位于）, keep to（坚持、遵守）, lead to （导致）, take to（从事）, turn to（求助于）, stick to（忠于、坚持）, point to（指向、表明）, see to（注意、处理）, set about, be used to（习惯于）, devote oneself to（献身于）, be equal to（胜任的、等于）, be familiar to（为……熟悉）。 （1）后接-ing分词和后接-to do不定式意义一样的动词： begin, start。 （2）后接-ing分词和后接-to do不定式意义不一样的动词： remember, forget, regret, mean, try, consider, can’t help, look forward, stop, go on, continue。 happen, take place, occur, break out, be to blame for, consist of。 （1）所有表示“……起来”的系动词：feel, taste, touch, sound, seem, appear （2）所有的感官动词：see, hear, find, notice, watch （3）contain, have on （4）think（认为）, consider（认为） afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, suggest, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem, set out（开始着手做某事）。 remind, convince, rob, warn, inform, cure, suspect, accuse。 say, write, read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, start, shut。 plan, mean。 考点六：常见的短语动词 “动词+介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语。在被动语态中，整个短语不可分开。这类短语动词常用的有：agree with, burst into, call on, consist of, deal with, depend / rely on, die of / from, dream of, feel like, get into, hear from, insist on, look  / stare  / glare at, prepare for, result in,set about等。 1）及物动词+副词。这类短语动词常用的有：cut off, take down, put out, take over, turn down,turn over, throw away, figure out等。 2）不及物动词+副词。后面不跟宾语，没有被动语态。这类短语动词常用的有：die away, give in, go ahead, hold on, run away,stand out等。 这类短语动词常用的有：catch sight of,compare notes with, declare war on / upon, get rid of, have a word with, make fun of, make use of, make preparations for, pay attention to, take care of,take hold of, take advantage of, take charge of等。 这类短语动词常用的有：catch up with,come up with, date back to, put up with, go in for, run out of等。 这类短语动词常用的有：be accustomed /used to, be afraid of, be devoted to, be fond of, be familiar with, be famous for, be fit / suitable for等。 · 【动词思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1.Children are not ______(permit) into the cinema without their parents. 2.In the last ten years, the whole world_______________(witness) with China's amazing achievements in reducing poverty. 3.Jack didn't realize that he________________(leave) his electronic dictionary on the bus until he got home. 4.The boss _________(promise) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. 5.Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work ______(influence) other writers ever since. 6.There _________(exist) a danger of the conflict becoming internationalized. 7.As summer __________ (approach), there will be plenty of job seekers searching for seasonal jobs. 8.Zhong Nanshan_________(regard) as a national hero for his making great contributions to fighting against the epidemic. 9.Never be ____ (persuade) to buy things you don't really need． 10.Thanks to the new technology, costs ________ (reduce) by 20% over the past year. · 单项选择 1.Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just ______ sweet dreams. A keep up with       B put up with      C end up with        D catch up with 2.Sam _____ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up     B. looked up      C. picked up      D. set up 3.Your house is always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children? A. manage        B. serve        C. adapt         D. construct 4.Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and  ______ as a manager. A. ended up         B. dropped out       C. came back   D. started off 5.He telephoned the travel agency to  ______ three air tickets to London. A. order          B. arrange            C. take          D. book     6.Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what ______nice.   A. looks     B. smells        C. feels     D. tastes 7.Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man ______and left．  A．took up         B．got up         C．shut up        D．set up 8.Thousands of foreigners were______ to  the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened. A. attended   B. attained   C. attracted   D. attached 9.The experiment has_________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets. A. found out     B. pointed out    C. ruled out     D. carried out 10.You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _____ you, I suppose. A. agree with   B. agree to      C. agree on     D. agree about        11.Just as the clothes a person wears , the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house  ______his personality. A. resembles          B. strengthens          C. reflects        D. shapes 12.Had he ______ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University. A. looked up to       B. lived up to   C. kept up with      D. come up with 13.Thousands of people _______ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland. A．turned on        B．turned in         C．turned around     D．turned out 14.The new movie _____ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time .   A. promises  B.  agrees   c. pretends  D. declines   15.The majority of people in the town strongly ______the plan to build a playground for children. A．consider B．support C．confirm D．submit 16.After that, he knew he could  ______any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability. A．get away with B．get on with C．get through D．get across 课后反馈 演练 单项选择 1.William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to         . A.disappear      B.fall            C.fail         D.damage 2.Mary, I___       __John of his promise to help you.     A. told          B. reminded       C. warned          D. advised 3.I        a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. A.borrowed        B.opened         C.entered       D.ordered 4.——Are you still mad at her? ——Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me. A．Deny B．Refuse C．Reject D．decline 5.I’d prefer to       my judgement until I find all the evidence. A.show    B. express   C.pass    D.reserve 6.As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. A. begins      B. happens     C. ends     D. develops 6.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also________ our thinking. A. direct           B. limit           C. change           D. improve 7.The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never_______ with criminals.” A. negotiate          B. quarrel         C. argue         D. consult 8.Clinical evidence began to__________, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. A. operate          B. strengthen         C. approve         D. accumulate 9.What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're        to be asleep. A. supposed       B. known           C. thought           D. considered 10.You are old enough to       your own living. A.win            B. gain            C. take            D. earn 单项选择 1.I can       the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean. A. come up with    B.put up with    C. turn to     D.stick to 2.She       an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. A.turned down     B.dealt with     C.took after     D.came across 3.They are broadening the bridge to ________ the flow of traffic. A. put off   B. speed up   C. turn on   D. work out 4.——You look upset. What’s the matter？ —— I had my proposal _______ again. A．turned over       B．turned on        C．turned off         D．turned down 5.Born into a family with three brothers, David was        to value the sense of sharing. A.brought up   B.turned down   C.looked after    D.held back 6.If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 7.The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to  __________it, A. make the best of    B. get away from    C. keep an eye on    D. catch up with 8.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______at a hotel for the night. A. putting down  B. putting off  C. putting on  D. putting up 9.To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test. A. go over             B. get over         C. turn over        D. take over 10.I often        the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet. A.look up      B.look at      C. look for     D.look into 【2023年新高考I卷】 As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She _25_ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. 25. A. agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised 【2023年新高考Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ____ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. It just __44__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who __45__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to __46__ Tiffy. 44. A. appeared B. proved C.happened D.showed 45. A. waited B. offered C.hurried D.failed 46. A. see off B. look for C.hand over D.pick up 【2023年浙江卷1月】 I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47 . He stopped every few minutes to move the rope higher up the tree trunk. 44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited 45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked 46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated 47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第03讲 语法知识之介词动词 ◆【介词】◆ 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 介词不能单独使用，必须后跟宾语，构成介词短语在句中使用，介词短语由介词+宾语构成，在句中可作状语、定语和表语等。 高考中语法填空中填介词的情况是纯空格题： 1、空格后是名词或代词，且名词前面有冠词或代词修饰, 而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时   2、固定短语搭配 【要点梳理】 考点一：时间介词 · in, on, at in+较长的时间，如：世纪、朝代、年、季节、月份以及泛指上午、下午、晚上 in the 1950s 在20世纪50年代 in summer 在夏天 in one’s thirties 在某人三十多岁时 in the morning/afternoon/evening on+具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上 on May 1st 在五月一日 on Monday 在星期一 on a cold night 在一个寒冷的晚上 on Saturday afternoon 在星期日下午 at+某一时刻或较短的时间 at 3:20 在三点二十分 at this time of year 在一年的这个时候 at noon 在中午 at this moment 在这一刻 at the end of... 在......末尾 at night 在晚上 at dawn 在黎明 at dust 在黄昏 in+一段时间 表将来 She will come back in three days.她三天后会回来。 after+一段时间 指过去 He returned after five months.他五个月后回来的。 after+将来时间点 表示将来某一时刻之后 She will appear after five o’clock.五点之后他会到达。 in+一段时间 表将来 She will come back in three days.她三天后会回来。 时间名词前有last, next, this, that, these, those, some, any, every, each等词时，前面不用介词。 类似的时间状语还有：last Sunday, that morning, these years... · for, from, since for+时间段，表示行为或状态持续多久 from+时间点，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短 from...to... 从......到...... since +时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻，通常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 during “在……期间”，指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次； 或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显 over“在（做）……期间”，over还有“贯穿（一段时间）”的意思，相当于during Let’s discuss it over lunch. through “在……期间；从……开头到结尾” （包括所指的时间在内，此时与throughout相同） You’re not allowed to chat through my class. by+时间，表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时 Can you return the book by Monday? before+时间，表示“早于，在某时之前”，不包括某时 We left before daybreak. until/till表示“直到……”，until比 till更正式 (1) 用于肯定句时,主句的动作一般是延续性的,它表示的动作一直延续到till或until所表示的时间为止 You’d better stay till tomorrow. They kept working till/until it became completely dark. (2) 用于否定句时,主句的动作一般是短暂性的,它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生. I didn’t go home till/until I finish my homework yesterday afternoon. He doesn’t get up till/until 10 a.m. on Saturday mornings. not...until 直到......才 考点二：地点、方位介词 · 表示“上/下” 意义 垂直 不垂直 相接触 在......之上 over above on 在......之下 under below beneath · in, on, to in 表在......范围之类           on 表毗邻，接壤    to 表在......范围之外，不接壤 Jilin lies in the northeast of China. Russia lies on the north of China. South Korea is to the northeast of China. in+大地点——国家、省份、城市等 at+小地点——学校、家里、车站等 He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. He arrived at the station at ten. · 方向介词 across＋表面 表示横过 through＋空间 表示穿过、贯穿 over表示从上面越过 He can swim across the river. They walk through the forest. The airplane flies over the roof of the house. · 工具、方式、手段的介词 by 表示交通方式 by air, by plane, by bus “按......算” by the year/day/hour       by the pound/ton 通过......（方式/手段） by phone/email      by hard work with with+有形的工具或身体某些器官 with a pencil=in pencil     with our eyes/ears/legs with+表示情感态度的名词 with satisfaction        with permission with+有形的工具或身体某些器官 with a pencil=in pencil     with our eyes/ears/legs in 用于语言/原料/颜色/情绪等词之前 in English， in ink， in red，  in high spirits ，in surprise · 固定短语 by hand 手工 on the radio 通过广播 in this/that way 用这种/那种方试 by this/that means 用这种/那种方式 with this/that method 用这种/那种方法 · 其他介词 except表示“排除在外”前面常有all,every。 besides表示“包括在内”前面常有other，another。 except for排除非同类。 All the students go out except Tom.除了汤姆，所有的学生都出去了。 Besides you, I have a few friends.除了你，我还有几个朋友。 The walls were bare except for a clock.墙上除了一只挂钟什么也没有。 between 在......之间（指两者）常和and连用 among 在......之间（指三者或三者以上） he building stands between the park and the small river.那栋楼位于公园和小河之间。 We'll visit a town among the mountains.我们将要参观一个被群山环绕的小镇。 拓展： to，at介词辨析 at sb.与动词连用，表示攻击的目标；laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 to sb.只表示方向，没有恶意；turn to sb. for help求助某人 考点三：介词固定搭配 · 名词＋about concern about 关怀 doubt about怀疑 remark about 评论 opinion about意见 · 名词＋for ability for能力 charge for收费 cure for医治 excuse for借口 love for爱 necessity for所需要 pity for惋惜 sorry for 惋惜 talent for天才 ambition for抱负 anxiety for渴望 desire for欲望 hope for希望 need for需要 occasion for时机 reason for理由 request for请求 sympathy for同情 · 名词＋from absence from 缺席 protection form保护 difference from不同 relief from解除 · 名词＋in confidence in 信任 faith in信仰 improvement in改进 point in有意义 pride in自傲 success in成功 trust in信赖 delight in欣喜 difficulty in困难 harm in 有害 increase in增长 interest in 兴趣 progress in有进步 skill in技能 · 名词＋of advocate of提倡 capability of有能力 care of注意 description of描述 examination of检查 example of例证 intention of意图 analyses of分析 cause of起因 consideration of考虑 doubt of怀疑 expectation of预期 feeling of感觉 habit of习惯impression of印象 number of数目 pair of 一对 prevention of预防 quality of 品质 sample of样品 pleasure of荣幸 possibility of可能性 shortage of短缺 lack of短缺 · 名词＋on attack on攻击 dependence on依赖 emphasis on强调 influence on影响 judgment on判断 mercy on同情 operation on手术 remark on评论 effect on影响 impression on印象 lecture on讲授 outlook on观点 stress on强调 congratulation on祝贺 · 动词＋on put on穿 call on拜访 have on 穿 depend on依据,依靠信任 rely on依据,依靠，信任 operate on手术 live on为生 insist on坚持 congratulate on祝贺 · 名词＋over advantage over占优势 quarrel over争论 victory over战胜 control over控制 · 名词＋to answer to回答 appeal to请求 approach to途径 barrier to障碍 end to 结束 guide to领导 invitation to邀请 reference to提及，参与 warning to警告 access to 进入 attention to注意 claim to要求 devotion to挚爱 limit to限制 solution to解决方法 · 动词＋to listen to听 get to到达 reply to答复 apologize to道歉 belong to 属于 agree to同意 add to增加 refer to指向 lead to导致 turn to转向 admit to承认 · 名词＋with agreement with协议 contact with接触 common with共同 connection with有关系 conversation with谈话 communication with交流 talk with讲话 problems/trouble with麻烦 · 形容词＋about careless about粗心 certain about有把握 hopeful about抱希望 sure about肯定 crazy about迷恋 doubtful about怀疑 enthusiastic about热情 particular about讲究 serious about用心 curious about好奇 cautious about谨慎 · 【介词思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1. After a cat and mouse game, he finally decided I was worthy of at least a little of his trust and came close enough to me ____ me to grab (抓住) him. 【解析】句意：他相信我并靠近我，其目的是让我抓住他。引出不定式的逻辑主语通常用for，即for sb to do sth；本句中的不定式表示目的, 故填for。 2. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way ____ success is our fear. Overcome it and we will be able to achieve our goals. 【解析】因on one’s way to(在去……的路上)是固定短语, 故填to。 3. This was Jerry’s golden opportunity, but he felt his hand shaking as he picked up his pen to write his name ____the paper. The exam was particularly important… 【解析】写名字应是“在试卷上”，故用介词on。 4. ____ our excitement, our parade performance was a great success. 【解析】因to one’s excitement(令某人兴奋的是)是固定搭配, 故填to。 5. It was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression _____ the students. 【解析】因leave an impression on sb (给某人留下印象)是固定短语, 故填on。 6. Now remember that in real life when you strike _________ cause you’ll hurt yourself most of all. 【解析】本句指在现实生活中当你无缘无故去打击别人时，大部分时候伤到的是你自己。因without cause(毫无理由,无故)是固定搭配，填without。 7. ________ the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have steadily developed over the years. 【解析】表示“随着”互联网的广泛使用，用介词with。 8. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time and I will conquer this problem by spending more effort ____ concentration practice in future. 【解析】因spend…on sth (花时间/钱在某事物上)是固定短语, 故填on。 9. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me _______ all those things. 【解析】因talk to sb about sth(就某事和某人交谈)是固定搭配, 故填about。 10. Brazil was named to host this important sporting event ____ October, 2009. 【解析】表示“在”某年某月用介词in, 故填in。 11. About 30 percent ____ people there live in poverty, or in poor conditions. 【解析】表示部分与整体的关系用of, 故填of。 12. Is“sorry”the hardest word? Not for the British Education Secretary Michael Gove, who has apologized recently to his former French teacher _____ his bad behaviors in class. 【解析】因apologize to sb for sth (因为某事向某人道歉) 是固定搭配, 故填for。 13. They successfully designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines _____ the bottom of the sea. 【解析】因at the bottom of(在……的底部)是固定短语, 故填at。 14. Squeezing as much food as possible into your mouth the last few seconds is allowed, but vomiting (呕吐) will result ____ your immediate removal from the contest. 【解析】因result in(导致)为固定搭配, 故填 in。 15. Lizzie was gone. She was one of the 19 cows that Nancy lost.“I owe my life ______ her,”said Nancy sobbingly. 【解析】因owe…to…(把……归功于……/欠某人某物)是固定搭配, 故填to。 16. Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts ____ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. 【解析】因account for(占)是固定短语, 故填for。 17. I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _____ the reservation. 【解析】因charge…for… (为……收费……)是习惯搭配，故填for。 18. The new boy looked at the teacher ______a few seconds and… 【解析】表示某个动词或状态延续了多久, 用 “for +时间段”，故填for。 19. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him ____ his own either. 【解析】因on one’s own(=alone)是固定搭配，故填on。 20. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _____ table having supper. 【解析】因at table(在餐桌边；在进餐)是习惯搭配，故填at。 · 单项选择 1．________ meeting the need of highspeed Internet access, 5G network can also support 4K Ultra HD video calling and other services. A．On account of　　　B．On top of C．In terms of       D．In favor of 【答案】B　 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：5G网络除了能满足高速互联网接入的需求外，还可以支持4K超高清视频通话和其他服务。on top of“除……之外”，符合语境。on account of“由于，因为”；in terms of“就……而言”；in favor of“支持”。 2． ________ clear goals, we become strangely loyal to performing daily doings until we become slaves of them. A．On top of       B．In the silence of C．On account of  D．In the absence of 【答案】D　 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：没有清晰的目标，我们就会莫名其妙地忠于做每天所做的事，直到最终成为它们的奴隶。in the absence of...“缺乏……”，符合语境。on top of...“在……上方，除……之外”；in the silence of...“在……的寂静中”；on account of...“由于……，因为……”。 3．“We’ve never sold anyone’s data，” Zuckerberg said ________ British lawmaker Damian Collins, who released some emails between Zuckerberg’s company and other tech companies. A．in response to      B．in contrast to C．in proportion to   D．in addition to 【答案】A　 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：Zuckerberg以“我们从未售卖任何人的数据”作为对公布了他的公司与其他技术公司的一些邮件的英国立法官员Damian Collins的答复。in response to“作为对……的答复”，符合语境。in contrast to“和……形成对照”；in proportion to“和……成比例”；in addition to“除……以外【★★☆】”。 4．The disaster relief funds are already________so that people in the earthquakestricken area can carry out reconstruction work without delay. A．in place       B．in demand C．in order       D．in vain 【答案】A　 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：减灾资金已经准备好以便地震灾区的人们能毫不拖延地进行重建工作。A.in place合适，准备好；B.in demand 需要；C.in order有序；D.in vain徒劳。故选A。 5．The pollution in Beijing is expected to improve，________a series of air pollution control measures. A．regardless of       B．but for    C．thanks to       D．such as 【答案】C　 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：幸亏一系列的空气污染控制措施，北京的污染有望改善。A.regardless of不管；B.but for要不是；C.thanks to幸亏；D.such as例如。故选C。 6. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office. —Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for       B. on       C. in       D. at 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。 7. China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally. A. in line with      B. in reply to C. inreturn for    D. in honour of 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。 8. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________. A. at first                    B. after all C. above all                  D. at random 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。A. at first起初；B. after all毕竟，终究。C. above all首先；D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B。 9．Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. A. in contrast to         B. in defense of C. in face of              D. in relation to 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。故选D。 10．Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry. A. at       B. in       C. on       D. by 【答案】B 【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。 11．When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old. A. among       B. against        C. behind       D. below 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。be among 位于之间；be against 反对；be behind 在后面；be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。 12．He still helped us heartily ________ being exhausted after working three hours. A．in response to        B．in case of C．in spite of        D．in addition to 【答案】C　 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管工作三个小时后已经筋疲力尽了，他仍然热心地帮助我们。in spite of“尽管”，符合语境。in response to“作为对……的回应”；in case of“以防，万一”；in addition to“除……之外”。 13．As you know, anger doesn’t help in 99% of situations; ________， it usually makes things worse. A．in response         B．in contrast C．in conclusion        D．in return 【答案】B　 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：正如你所知道的那样，99% 的情况下愤怒是没有用的。相反，它通常让事情变得更糟。in response“作为回应”；in contrast“相反”；in conclusion“总之”；in return“作为回报”。 14．All the students kept silence throughout the class________ the teacher’s switch from the PE lesson to a maths lesson that day. A．in terms of        B．in response to C．in return for        D．in spite of 【答案】B　 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：作为对老师把体育课换成数学课的回应，那天所有学生整节课都保持沉默。in terms of “就……而言”；in response to“作为对……的回应，答复”；in return for“作为回报”；in spite of “尽管”。 15．One well of the oil field was still burning with huge fire twisting crazily________the night sky. A．in        B．on  C．against         D．across 【答案】C　 【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：石油区的一个井仍在燃烧，在夜空的映衬下火苗疯狂扭曲。against the night sky在夜空的映衬下，故选C。 课后反馈 演练 单句语法填空 1．I eased him        his difficulty by telling him what to do.  2．This sort of life is not calculated to appeal       a young man of 20.  3．A third of Africa is         threat of desertification.  4．Suspecting the traveler       carrying drugs, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase. 5．I hold the firm belief that I am equal         the job as a volunteer for the fair.  6．Though she practised hard, the fear of losing the game was still hanging           her.  7．We are all responsible for this tragic situation           a certain extent.  8．Building transportation infrastructure(基础设施) is vital        the country’s economic development. 9．Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical        American actors. 10．Don’t be so strict with your son;        all he is only a five-year-old child. 参考答案： 1．of 【详解】考查介词。句意：我告诉他该怎么做，以减轻他的困难。ease sb. of sth.“减轻某人某种负担”，空处缺少介词of。故填of。 2．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：这种生活是不会吸引一个20岁的年轻人的。appeal to意为“吸引”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词to。故填to。 3．under 【详解】考查介词。句意：非洲三分之一的土地受到沙漠化的威胁。根据句意可知，应为固定搭配under threat“受到威胁”。故填under。 4．of 【详解】考查介词。句意：海关官员怀疑这名旅客携带毒品，拦住了他，并检查了他的手提箱。固定搭配suspect sb. of （doing）sth. (怀疑某人做某事)。故填of。 5．to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我坚信我能胜任招聘会志愿者的工作。根据“I am equal”和“the job”可推知，此处用固定短语be equal to，意为“胜任某事，能应付难题（任务等）”，空处应用介词to构成该短语。故填to。 6．over 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：虽然她努力练习，但害怕输掉比赛的恐惧仍然笼罩着她。根据空前的“the fear of losing the game”和“hanging”可推知，此处用固定短语hang over，意为“（不愉快的事）威胁着，使担心”，空处应用介词over构成该短语。故填over。 7．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：在一定程度上，我们都对这种悲惨的局面负有责任。根据“a certain extent”可推知，此处用固定短语to a certain extent，意为“在一定程度上”，空处应用介词to构成该短语。故填to。 8．to/for 【详解】考查介词。句意：交通基础设施建设对于该国的经济发展至关重要。be vital to/for 为固定搭配，意为“对……至关重要”。故填to或for。 9．of 【详解】考查介词。句意：我们俩都具有典型的美国演员的品质和美德。be typical of为固定短语，表示“是……的特点”。故填of。 10．after 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：不要对你的儿子太严格；毕竟，他还是个五岁的孩子。根据句意可知，空处应用“毕竟”含义，应用固定短语after all。故填after。 单句语法填空 1. He was very tired ____________ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy. 【解析】因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”，表示“在……之后”用介词after; 另外be tired from doing sth (因做某事而累) 是固定搭配，故也可填from。 2. You need a password to get access ____ the computer system. 【解析】因get access to (可以使用)是固定搭配，故填to。 3. They united to find a solution ____ their problem. 【解析】因a solution to (……的一种解决办法)是固定搭配，故填to。 4. Her devotion ____ her mother was beyond words. 【解析】因devotion to sb (对某人的挚爱)是固定搭配，故填to。 5. The workers’ demands _____higher pay were refused by the employers. 【解析】因the demand for (对……的要求)是固定搭配，故填for。 6. The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure ______ cancer. 【解析】因a cure for (医治……的一种药物/疗法)是固定搭配，故填for。 7. When judging his performance, don’t take his age ______ account. 【解析】因take…into account(把……考虑在内)是固定搭配，故填into。 8. They threatened(威胁) to shoot him and robbed him _____ all his possessions. 【解析】因rob sb of sth(抢劫某人某物)是固定搭配，故填of。 9. The doctors cured her ____ cancer. 【解析】因cure sb of (治好某人……)是固定搭配，故填of。 10. The heavy rain prevented us ______ coming on time. 【解析】因prevent sb from doing sth (阻止某人做某事)是固定搭配，故填from。 【2024·新高考I卷】 The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route . 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 【2024年新高考II卷】 I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)is similar in some ways _______Romeo and Juliet." 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：我碰巧知道汤的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与罗密欧与朱丽叶相似。" 短语be similar to...和......相似。 【2024年全国甲卷】 This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：必须被妥善保存供全国人民欣赏。介词for表目的，表示“为了”。 【2023年全国甲卷】 She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ______ saving their environment. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 Now, I’ve come to love those of small living things. 【答案】删除of 【解析】考查介词。句意：现在，我开始喜欢上那些小生物了。those后可以直接跟small living things作定语，不需要介词。故删除of。 【2023年全国乙卷】 From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。 Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore. 【答案】删除with 【解析】考查介词。句意：她研究了药店里所有的护发产品。study是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，介词with多余。故删除with。 【2023年新高考I卷】 There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _______ hand rather than rolled. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。固定搭配，by hand“用手”。句意：在那里，你会发现是不一样准备的——多饺子，少汤，包装是用手压的而不是卷的。 Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents. 【答案】their 【解析】考查代词。修饰后面的名词 contents（东西）需用形容词性物主代词their 。 【2023年新高考II卷】 And who do they speak English ________? 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意图片“与某人交谈”。故填with。 【2023年浙江卷1月】 Thanks to Beijing’s long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events. 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。 ◆【动词】◆ 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，每年均为重点。历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括： 1. 动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。 2.高频动词短语意义辨析。 主要考点: 考查主要集中于高频的动词短语, 如break, bring, call, come, get, go, make, take, turn, put, pick, hold,keep, look, carry, set, cut, show, pull等构成的短语。 【要点梳理】 考点一：动词的基本形式 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。 · 规则动词变化表 · 不规则动词变化表 考点二：系动词 ⒈ 状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词。 如：He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） ⒉ 持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand。 如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。 ⒊ 表像系动词：用来表示“看起来像“这一概念，主要有seem，appear，look。 如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。 ⒋ 感官系动词：主要有feel，smell，sound,taste。 如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。 ⒌ 变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn fal( asleep)，get,go,come,run。 如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。 ⒍ 终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out，表达“证实”“变成“之意。 如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） ⒎ 使役动词：let,have,make使，让…… ① Let/make somebody do sth 如：The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school. ② Make sb/sth adj. 如：The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful. ③ Have somebody do sth让某人做某事 如：My mother haves me make the bed. ④ Have sth done让某物被…… 如：I have my hair cut/washed. 考点三：及物动词和不及物动词 常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有：accept, admire, admit, affect, afford, discover, educate, enjoy, explain,forget, guess, invent, love, post, raise等。 常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有： 1. 直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词：bring, give, hand, pass, post, promise, read, return, show, teach, tell,lend等。 2. 直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词：buy, choose, cook, draw, find, fetch, make, order, paint, purchase, save,spare等。 3. 既可加to，也可加for的动词：do, get, play,sing等。 常见的不及物动词主要有：ache, agree, apologize, appear, arrive, come, go, cry, dance, die,disappear, dream, exist, fall, flow, graduate, sit, stand, stay, wait, rise,lie, happen等。 考点四：助动词 助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态，语态，语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词，助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种。 ⒈ 按结构分：时态助动词和结构助动词 ⒉ 时态助动词有：be(am,is,are;was,were),have(has,had),will(would)和shall(should)和主动词一起构成各种时态、语态和语气。 ⒊ 结构助动词：do(does,did)，本身无词义，它仅为无助动的动词提供助动词，构成疑问结构和否定结构。 考点五：动词和动词短语 1、只能后接-to do不定式，不能后接-ing的动词有： offer（提出）, learn（学会）, plan（计划）, ask, demand（要求）, promise, agree（答应）, help（帮助）, prepare（准备）, decide, choose, determine（决定）, refuse（拒绝）, dare（敢于）, manage（设法）, wish, hope, expect（希望, 想要）, fail（未能做到）, pretend（假装）, set out（开始着手做某事）等。 2、只能后接-ing分词，不能后接-to do不定式的动词有： mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏）, appreciate（感激, 欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢, 厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗, 抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝, 否认）, consider（考虑）, admit (to)（承认）, contribute to（捐助、贡献）, get down to（着手做）, give way to（让位于）, keep to（坚持、遵守）, lead to （导致）, take to（从事）, turn to（求助于）, stick to（忠于、坚持）, point to（指向、表明）, see to（注意、处理）, set about, be used to（习惯于）, devote oneself to（献身于）, be equal to（胜任的、等于）, be familiar to（为……熟悉）。 3、既能后接-ing分词，又能后接-to do不定式的动词： （1）后接-ing分词和后接-to do不定式意义一样的动词： begin, start。 （2）后接-ing分词和后接-to do不定式意义不一样的动词： remember, forget, regret, mean, try, consider, can’t help, look forward, stop, go on, continue。 4、不能用于被动的动词有： happen, take place, occur, break out, be to blame for, consist of。 5、不能用于进行的动词有： （1）所有表示“……起来”的系动词：feel, taste, touch, sound, seem, appear （2）所有的感官动词：see, hear, find, notice, watch （3）contain, have on （4）think（认为）, consider（认为） 6、既不能用于被动，也不能用于进行的动词有：belong to, date back to, date from。 7、后接-ing分词，主动形式表示被动意义的动词：need, require, deserve。 8、不能后接sb. to do的动词： afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, suggest, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem, set out（开始着手做某事）。 9、后接sb. of sth.的动词： remind, convince, rob, warn, inform, cure, suspect, accuse。 10、后接副词作表语，表示状态或特征；或强调状态时不用被动的动词： say, write, read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, start, shut。 11、表示“计划、打算”的动词的过去完成时态可以表示“过去没有实现的愿望或打算”： plan, mean。 考点六：常见的短语动词 1. 动词+介词： “动词+介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语。在被动语态中，整个短语不可分开。这类短语动词常用的有：agree with, burst into, call on, consist of, deal with, depend / rely on, die of / from, dream of, feel like, get into, hear from, insist on, look  / stare  / glare at, prepare for, result in,set about等。 2. 动词+副词： 1）及物动词+副词。这类短语动词常用的有：cut off, take down, put out, take over, turn down,turn over, throw away, figure out等。 2）不及物动词+副词。后面不跟宾语，没有被动语态。这类短语动词常用的有：die away, give in, go ahead, hold on, run away,stand out等。 3. 动词+名词+介词： 这类短语动词常用的有：catch sight of,compare notes with, declare war on / upon, get rid of, have a word with, make fun of, make use of, make preparations for, pay attention to, take care of,take hold of, take advantage of, take charge of等。 4. 动词+副词+介词： 这类短语动词常用的有：catch up with,come up with, date back to, put up with, go in for, run out of等。 5. be+形容词+介词： 这类短语动词常用的有：be accustomed /used to, be afraid of, be devoted to, be fond of, be familiar with, be famous for, be fit / suitable for等。 · 【动词思维导图】 课堂精练 演练 · 单句语法填空 1.Children are not ______(permit) into the cinema without their parents. 2.In the last ten years, the whole world_______________(witness) with China's amazing achievements in reducing poverty. 3.Jack didn't realize that he________________(leave) his electronic dictionary on the bus until he got home. 4.The boss _________(promise) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. 5.Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work ______(influence) other writers ever since. 6.There _________(exist) a danger of the conflict becoming internationalized. 7.As summer __________ (approach), there will be plenty of job seekers searching for seasonal jobs. 8.Zhong Nanshan_________(regard) as a national hero for his making great contributions to fighting against the epidemic. 9.Never be ____ (persuade) to buy things you don't really need． 10.Thanks to the new technology, costs ________ (reduce) by 20% over the past year. 参考答案 1.答案：permitted 解析：考查动词。句意：没有父母陪同，孩子们不准进入电影院。句中主语Children与permit之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故填permitted。 2.答案：has witnessed 解析： 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的十年里，全世界都目睹了中国在减少贫困方面取得的惊人成就。根据时间状语"In the last ten years"可知，句子要使用现在完成时。主语the whole world是单数且与动词witness，是主动关系。故填has witnessed。 3.答案：had left 解析： 考查动词时态。句意：直到回家，杰克才意识到他把电子词典忘在公共汽车上了。结合语境可知"把电子词典忘在公共汽车上"发生在"过去的过去"，应用过去完成时。故填had left。 4.答案：has been promising 解析： 句意： 老板承诺要涨工资几年了，但现在什么都还没有发生。考查现在完成进行时态."现在完成时"表示"动作发生在过去持续到现在并且还会继续下去"，其结构为have/has been doing.结合句意，promise这一动作在过去几年就开始了，持续到现在，同时还会继续下去，故填has been promising。 5.答案：has influenced 解析： 句中缺少谓语，用动词作谓语；根据句中状语ever since要用现在完成时，且主语work表示单数概念，助动词用has。故填：has influenced. 6.答案：exists 解析： 因表示一般事实，要用一般现在时；且主语a danger表示单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填：exists. 7.答案：approaches 解析： 句中缺少谓语，用动词作谓语；在时间，条件，让步等状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时态；且summer是单数概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填：approaches.     8.答案：is regarded 解析： 本题主要考查被动语态。结合句意，钟南山教授为抗击疫情做出了贡献，被誉为民族英雄。regard.as.为固定搭配，意为"将……视为."，此处表示被动，应使用be regarded as，且句子时态为一般现在时，主语Professor Zhong Nanshan为第三人称单数，故应填is regarded。 9.答案：persuaded 解析： 考查翻译填空。persuade意为"说服"，根据句意，他从来没有被说服买一些不需要的东西。要用被动形式，persuade的过去分词是persuaded。 10.答案：have been reduced 解析： 句意表示去年成本降低了20%，根据over the past years表示过去一年，推测句子用的是现在完成时have/has done, costs是被减少，故用被动语态be done, reduce的过去分词是reduced，主语是复数cost，故用have，据句意故填have been reduced。 · 单项选择 1.Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just ______ sweet dreams. A keep up with       B put up with      C end up with        D catch up with 【答案】C 【解析】keep up with 保持, put up with 忍受, end up with 以 为结束 catch up with 赶上。 2.Sam _____ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up     B. looked up      C. picked up      D. set up 【答案】C 【解析】句意应为 “山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”表示 “学会”用pick up; pick up另外还有 “捡起; 顺车接送,搭载；收拾, 整理；重新开始；获得”等义；bring up 表示 “抚养, 教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示 “向上看；(形势)好转, 改善；查阅”；set up表示 “建立, 设置；造成, 产生”。 3.Your house is always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children? A. manage        B. serve        C. adapt         D. construct 【答案】A 【解析】句意应为 “你家里总是那么整洁-----家里有三个孩子, 你是怎么设法做到的?” 表示 “设法做成某事”用manage it。serve表示 “为……服务；接待”；adapt表示 “使适应, 使适合”；construct表示 “建造, 构筑；构思”。 4.Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and  ______ as a manager. A. ended up         B. dropped out       C. came back   D. started off 【答案】A 【解析】句意：作为一名职员加入公司, 他很快得到提升, 最后当上了经理。ended up as 作为……而结束的意思；dropped out是 “退出, 退学”的意思；came back是 “回来”的意思；started off是 “动身, 出发”的意思。只有A项符合题意。 5.He telephoned the travel agency to  ______ three air tickets to London. A. order          B. arrange            C. take          D. book     【答案】D 【解析】句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。book和tickets搭配, 是“订票”的意思。 6.Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what ______nice.   A. looks     B. smells        C. feels     D. tastes 【答案】A 【解析】与上句中的eat with their eyes相对, 后句应该为点看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A。 7.Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man ______and left．  A．took up         B．got up         C．shut up        D．set up 【答案】B 【解析】get up意为 “起床, 起立”。句意为 “Jenny正在找一个座位, 正在那时, 很幸运地, 一个人站起来离开了。”故选B。1意为 “从事, 占据时间或空间”；C意为 “闭嘴”；D意为 “建造, 搭起”。 8.Thousands of foreigners were______ to  the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened. A. attended   B. attained   C. attracted   D. attached 【答案】C 【解析】表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博会。 9.The experiment has_________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets. A. found out     B. pointed out    C. ruled out     D. carried out 【答案】C 【解析】排除可能性。Find out是查找出 point out指出 carry out执行, 实施 10.You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _____ you, I suppose. A. agree with   B. agree to      C. agree on     D. agree about        【答案】A 【解析】Agree with：同意, 赞成；与……相适应；agree to：同意, 赞成(观点, 看法等)；agree on：就……达成协议；agree about：对...... 有相同的看法。题干意思是：你看上去很好。我认为：三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。选A。 11.Just as the clothes a person wears , the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house  ______his personality. A. resembles          B. strengthens          C. reflects        D. shapes 【答案】C 【解析】“就好像一个人穿什么, 吃什么, 以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样, 一个人的住房也是如此。”要选一个表示 “反映”的词, 就是reflect. “resemble” = look like;  “strengthen”表示 “加强, 巩固”；“shape”作动词表示 “塑形” 12.Had he ______ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University. A. looked up to       B. lived up to   C. kept up with      D. come up with 【答案】B 【解析】该题的难点不仅仅在于这四个词组的辨析, 更主要的是考生要读得懂这个句子的意思。该句是典型的虚拟语气, “if” 引导的非真实条件句的倒装句, 描述的事于过去事实是相反的。“如果她当年履行了自己的诺言, 她就会进入耶鲁大学了。” look up to(抬头看, 尊重)keep up with(跟上, 追上)come up with(追赶上；想出；提出), 只有live up to(履行, 实行)符合题意。 13.Thousands of people _______ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland. A．turned on        B．turned in         C．turned around     D．turned out 【答案】D 【解析】句意：数千人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。turn out 有“外出”的意思, 而turn on 则是“打开”, turn in “上床睡觉, 上缴”等意思；turn around是 “转身”的意思。只有turn out 符合语境。 14.The new movie _____ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time .   A. promises  B.  agrees   c. pretends  D. declines   【答案】A 【解析】句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。考查动词意义辨析。promise除了表示 “允诺, 答应”外, 还有 “有……的希望”的意思；agree是 “同意, 赞同”；pretend是 “假装”；decline是 “衰老, 衰退”。只有promises符合题意。 15.The majority of people in the town strongly ______the plan to build a playground for children. A．consider B．support C．confirm D．submit 【答案】B 【解析】分析四个选项的意思：consider考虑, 思考, 认为等；support支持, 拥护, 维持；confirm证实, 确认；submit使屈服, 使经受。根据语境：镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。 16.After that, he knew he could  ______any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability. A．get away with B．get on with C．get through D．get across 【答案】C 【解析】分析四个选项的意思：get away with侥幸逃脱；get on with与……有好相处；get through接通, 顺利通过, 完成；get across被理解, 越过。根据语境：经过那件事之后, 他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。 课后反馈 演练 单项选择 1.William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to         . A.disappear      B.fall            C.fail         D.damage 【答案】C 【解析】disappear消失，不复存在；fall降落，跌倒，降低；fail (指健康)衰退, 衰弱；damage损害, 毁坏, 加害于。句意为“William 发现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退了。”“increasingly difficult越来越困难”是个渐进的过程，故选C。 2.Mary, I___       __John of his promise to help you.     A. told          B. reminded       C. warned          D. advised 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。”remind… of… 就…提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起…；warn含有警告的意思。 3.I        a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. A.borrowed        B.opened         C.entered       D.ordered 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000美元后，我在银行开了帐户。”open a bank account在银行开帐户。 4.——Are you still mad at her? ——Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me. A．Deny B．Refuse C．Reject D．decline 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“——你还生她的气吗？——不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认，否定；refuse，reject，decline都是拒绝的意思。not deny无法否认。故选A。 5.I’d prefer to       my judgement until I find all the evidence. A.show    B. express   C.pass    D.reserve 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。”reserve预订或保留(座位、住处等)， 推迟，留到以后，与后面的until相一致。 6.As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. A. begins      B. happens     C. ends     D. develops 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“随着故事的展开，这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。”develop开发, 发展，把(主题或情节)逐步展现出来。根据句意选D。 6.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also________ our thinking. A. direct           B. limit           C. change           D. improve 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“如果我们想要获得成功，知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。”direct指示, 指引，导演（戏剧或电影）；指挥（管弦乐队）；limit限制；change改变；improve改进，改善。根据句中but的转折，选B。 7.The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never_______ with criminals.” A. negotiate          B. quarrel         C. argue         D. consult 【答案】A 【解析】negotiate谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；consult商议,咨询。句意为“部长说：‘我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。’”根据句意选A。 8.Clinical evidence began to__________, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. A. operate          B. strengthen         C. approve         D. accumulate 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“不断增加的临床证据表明：比起原先从动物实验中所得到的预计，这些新药具有更加广泛有用性。”operate手术，操作；strengthen加强；approve赞成；accumulate积累，（数量）逐渐增加。故选D。 9.What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're        to be asleep. A. supposed       B. known           C. thought           D. considered 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“Tom，你不睡觉做什么？你现在应该睡觉。”out of bed未上床，起床的意思，be supposed to do应当，应该。 10.You are old enough to       your own living. A.win            B. gain            C. take            D. earn 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“你长大了，可以自谋生路了。”earn one’s living 谋生，固定搭配。 单项选择 1.I can       the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean. A. come up with    B.put up with    C. turn to     D.stick to 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍，但是脏我讨厌。”come up with想出, 提出；put up with  忍受, 容忍；turn to转向，翻书到，求助于，(使)变成；stick to坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于。不整洁的;凌乱的 2.She       an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. A.turned down     B.dealt with     C.took after     D.came across 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“昨天在百货商店购物时，她遇上了她的老朋友。”turn down拒绝；deal with对付，处理；take after 长得像，性格类似于，效仿；come across穿过, 越过，偶然遇见。 3.They are broadening the bridge to ________ the flow of traffic. A. put off   B. speed up   C. turn on   D. work out 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量。”put off推迟；speed up加快；turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋；work out算出，实现。拓宽桥梁的目的是加快交通流量，故选B。 4.——You look upset. What’s the matter？ —— I had my proposal _______ again. A．turned over       B．turned on        C．turned off         D．turned down 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“——你看上去不高兴，怎么啦？——我的建议又遭到拒绝了。”turn over翻身，翻转，把……移交；turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋；turn off关掉（电器、水龙头等），使厌烦；turn down关小（音量等），拒绝。根据句意选D。 5.Born into a family with three brothers, David was        to value the sense of sharing. A.brought up   B.turned down   C.looked after    D.held back 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“出身在一个三兄弟家庭，David受到了要看重与人分享的教育。”bring up教育，养育(孩子)，呕吐(食物)；turn down关小（音量等），拒绝；look after照顾；hold back阻碍，抑制，隐瞒。 6.If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。”come across偶然遇到；care about关心，在乎；look for寻找；focus upon专注于。 7.The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to  __________it, A. make the best of    B. get away from    C. keep an eye on    D. catch up with 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的，但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。”make the best of充分利用，尽量好好去做；get away from逃离；keep an eye on照看,，留心; 注意；catch up with追上，赶上。对照现在和过去对学校态度的变化，选A。 8.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______at a hotel for the night. A. putting down  B. putting off  C. putting on  D. putting up 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“他决定一路驾车回家，不在旅馆留宿。”put down放下，平定, 镇压，记下；put off推迟；put on穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加；put up举起，建立，张贴，投宿。根据句意选D。 9.To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test. A. go over             B. get over         C. turn over        D. take over 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“为了获得好成绩，你应该在考试前好好复习这些笔记。”go over审查，复习，重温从头到尾检查一遍；get over越过，完成，克服(困难)，从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来；turn over翻身，翻转，把……移交；take over接管; 接替。 10.I often        the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet. A.look up      B.look at      C. look for     D.look into 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“我经常在字典里或网上查我所不懂的单词。”look up查（单词、电话号码等）；look at看，注视(某人或某物)；look for寻找；look into深入地检查，研究，调查。 【2023年新高考I卷】 As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She _25_ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. 25. A. agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised 【答案】C 【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。 【2023年新高考Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ____ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 【答案】wished 【详解】考查动词。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 It just __44__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who __45__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to __46__ Tiffy. 44. A. appeared B. proved C.happened D.showed 45. A. waited B. offered C.hurried D.failed 46. A. see off B. look for C.hand over D.pick up 【答案】44. C 45. B 46. D 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared出现；B. proved证明；C. happened碰巧；D. showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited等待；B. offered提供、主动提出；C. hurried匆忙；D. failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。 【46题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off为……送行；B. look for寻找；C. hand over移交；D. pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。 【2023年浙江卷1月】 I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47 . He stopped every few minutes to move the rope higher up the tree trunk. 44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited 45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked 46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated 47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing 【答案】45.A 46.B 47.D 【解析】45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用细绳把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. gathered聚集、采集；B. cleaned清除；C. dropped掉落；D. checked检查。根据下文“handfuls of damp tree leaves”可知，此处指Ziyad从丛林各处，收集一些潮湿的树叶。故选A项。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shook摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，将绳子的一头拴在腰间，另一头则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。然后Ziyad开始向上攀爬。A. jumping跳；B. talking谈话；C. testing测试；D. climbing攀爬。根据“higher up the tree trunk”可知，Ziyad要向上爬到树顶，才能采集到蜂蜜。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$