Unit 5 Working the Land Using language Reading for writing 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

XB1U5 Working the Land Using Language 2 Evaluate chemical farming and organic farming 1. chemical farming 化学耕作 2. organic farming 有机耕作 3. chemical pesticide 化学农药 4. artificial fertiliser 人工肥料 5. widespread use 广泛应用 6. fight crop disease 抵御作物病害 7. increase production 增加产量 8. over time 随着时间的推移 9. long-term use 长期使用 10. harm both the land and people’s health 危害土地和人类健康 2 11. harmful bacteria and insects 有害细菌和昆虫 12. in addition=besides 此外 13. underground water sources 地下水源 14. the crops grown on the land 土里种植的作物 15. in turn 相应地，转而，依次，轮流 16. by turns 轮流 17. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 18. It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 19. It turns/turned out that… 结果是 20. make them ill and even cause cancer 使他们生病甚至引发癌症 3 21. as for 至于，关于 22. grow too fast to be rich in nutrition 生长过快而营养不足 23. look beautiful on the outsides 外表靓丽 24. There is usually more water than essential minerals. 通常水分多于必需的矿物质 25. have less flavour 口感较差 26. as an alternative 作为一种替代方法 27. have no alternative/choice but to do 别无选择只好做某事 28. an alternative to ……的替代品 29. switch/turn to 转向 30. shop at the local grocery 在当地食品杂货店购物 4 31. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. 有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的耕作。 32. focus on/ concentrate on 集中注意力于 33. keep soil rich and free of disease 保持土壤肥沃，没有病害 34. through natural means 通过天然的方式 35. use natural waste from animals as fertiliser 使用天然的牲畜粪便作为肥料 36. rich in minerals 富含矿物质 37. keep …free of 使……免受…… 38. produce rich soil 生产肥沃的土壤 39. for instance 例如 40. grow corn or wheat in a field 在田地里种植玉米或小麦 5 41. put important minerals back into the ground 把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中 42. the next batch of crops 下一批作物 43. diverse crops 多样化作物 44. use different depths of soil 使用不同深度的土壤 45. on the ground’s surface 在土壤表层 46. put down deep roots 扎根于土壤深处 47. organic farming method 有机耕作方法 48. avoid damage to the environment or to people’s health 避免损害环境和人类健康 49. man-made chemicals 人工化学品 50. serve the high demand for food 满足对食物的高需求 6 51. is nowhere near able to 远远不能 52. meet the need 满足需求 53. there is a long way to … ……还有很长的路要走 54. find a suitable solution 找到一个合适的解决方法 55. put sufficient food on the dinner table 让人们有足够的食物可吃 56. keep people and the environment as healthy as possible 使人类和环境尽可能保持健康 7 In this class, you will 1. figure out the definitions and characteristics of chemical and organic farming and the differences between them. 2. learn some useful signposts（transitional words） to make a comparison between two things. 3. write an argumentative essay about your opinion on chemical and organic farming. Learning Objectives 1.What does the farmer do in the field? Spray pesticides. 2.Why does he do that? To fight crop disease and increase production. 3.What else may farmer do to make crops grow? Use fertilisers. artificial fertilisers natural fertilisers Activity 1: Free Talk Lead in CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING What type of writing is it? A. Narration B. Expository C. Argumentation What may be included in the text? definition, benefit , problem, comparison... √ Prediction Reading Activity 2: Read for main idea What's the main idea of the text? The text mainly talks about chemical farming and organic farming. ________________ can cause many problems, as an alternative, some people switch to ________________. Chemical farming organic farming Activity 3: Read for structure Match the main ideas (A-D) of each part. Paragraph 1&2 A. What organic farming is Paragraph 3 B. Why man-made chemicals are still used in farming Paragraph 4 C. Organic methods for producing rich soil Paragraph 5 D. The problems with chemical farming What is chemical farming? Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. (Paragraph 1) What is organic farming? Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.(Paragraph 3) Chemical farming is farming using pesticides and artificial fertilisers. Activity 4: Scanning Read and find the definitions of chemical and organic farming. Activity 5: Read for detail Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health. For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilizers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well. Read part 1(para 1-2) and answer the questions. Q1: Why did many farmers welcome chemical farming? Q2: What concerns many people about the long use of pesticides? Q3: What role does the sentence in yellow play in part 1? topic sentence Q4: What are the problems with chemical farming? ① ② ③ Q5: How does the author organize the ideas? Point 1+details Point 2+details Point 3+details Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health. For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilizers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well. Read part 1(para 1-2) and answer the questions. Q1: Why did many farmers welcome chemical farming? Q2: What concerns many people about the long use of pesticides? Q3: What role does the sentence in yellow play in part 1? Q4: What are the problems with chemical farming? ① ② ③ Q6: What signposts are used? contrast example cause and effect, sequence emphasis contrast add information introducing a new topic/thing Read part 2(para 3) and answer the questions. As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertilizer. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free of chemicals. Q1: What is used as organic fertiliser from the paragraph? Q2: What are the advantages of using organic fertiliser? Q3: What signposts are used? ① ② introducing a new idea example add information Read part 3(para 4) and answer the questions. Q1: What methods did farmers use to produce rich oil? Q2: Why did farmers use different organic farming methods ? Q3: How does the author organize the ideas? What signposts are used? Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health. Point 1+details Point 2+details Read part 3(para 4) and answer the questions. Q1: What other methods did farmers use to produce rich oil? Q2: Why did farmers use different organic farming methods ? Q3: How does the author organize the ideas? What signposts are used? Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health. add information example/supporting a point Read part 4(para 5) and answer the questions. Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agricultural entirely. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. Q1: What is people’s attitude towards chemical and organic farming? Q2: Why do peole have such a mix of attitude ? Q3: How does the author organize the ideas? What signposts are used? conclusion For example, ... damage the land by killing helpful bacteria and insects. In addition, ... affect...crops...the animals and humans... ... grow too fast to be rich in nutrition... have less flavour as well. For example, ... use natural waste from animals as fertilisers. ...also... often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. ... also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil... Post-reading Activity 6: Discussion Farming Advantages Disadvantages Chemical farming Organic farming Fight crop disease Increase production Lower cost Crops look beautiful outside Harm the land Harm people’s health Harm the environment Crops are less in nutrition Good food Avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health Cannot meet the demand for food More efforts and higher cost Smelly gases a smaller carbon footprint react immediately to severe crop problems increase greenhouse gas emissions Functions Signposts illustrating an idea adding more information introducing a new topic giving reasons/results contrasting sequencing for example/for instance/in fact also/in addition/as well therefore/because however/but/in contrast as for/as an alternative in turn What signposts are used to make a comparison between chemical and organic farming? Topic sentence: In my opinion, _________ farming is preferable to _________ farming because _________________________________. Point 1: __________________________________________________ (Detail)____________________________________________ Point 2: __________________________________________________ (Detail)____________________________________________ Point 3: __________________________________________________ (Detail)____________________________________________ Conclusion: _______________________________________________ Activity 7 Decide whether you support chemical farming or organic farming. Come up with three main points to support your opinion. Complete the outline below. Writing express your opinions: In my eyes… In my opinion ... I’m opposed to… I’d prefer… because… I’d rather... I think/believe/guess that... From my point of view,… What I firmly believe in is that… My view/opinion/belief is that... My impression is that... I have a feeling that... I’m fully convinced that... make a conclusion: In summary/conclusion In a word,… All in all,… To sum up,… Therefore... Advantages of Organic Farming Compared to chemical farming, organic farming enjoys its overwhelming superiority. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, organic food is healthier and safer as in organic farming, poisonous chemicals like pesticides are forbidden from being used on crops. Furthermore, organic farming is environmentally friendly. For instance, organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertilizer, which is harmless to the environment. Lastly, farmers can increase their income through organic farming. As people tend to pursue a green life, they are more likely to buy organic fruit and vegetables despite the high prices. With incomparable advantages, therefore, organic farming is expected to benefit more people in the future. 26 What words and expression show the transitions between ideas? Checklist Organization Do I follow the outline and present a clear text structure? Do I state each point with a topic sentence and supporting details? Do I sequence the points in a logical order? Ideas Do I have a clear topic sentence at the beginning of the essay? Do I state only one main idea per paragraph? Do I add at least one detail to support each main point? Language Do I use mostly topic-related expressions that I learnt today? Do I add signposts to improve coherence? Use the checklist to review your draft $$