Unit1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Background——What is Cholera ? 霍乱是由霍乱弧菌（O1群或O139群）引起的疾病，通过食用被霍乱弧菌污染的食物或水源感染。该疾病发病急、传播快，其主要表现为腹泻、排“米泔样”便、呕吐，属于国际检疫传染病。每年约有290万新发感染患者和9.5万死亡患者，几乎所有死亡都发生在发展中国家，其中60％的新发病例和68％的死亡病例发生在非洲。在中国，霍乱流行季节为夏秋季，主要流行地区是沿海一带，如上海、广东、浙江、江苏等省份，成人发病为主，男性多于女性。 霍乱病程可分为泄吐期、脱水期和恢复期，主要症状包括腹泻、呕吐、眼窝凹陷、皮肤干燥，重病患者可出现意识障碍、休克甚至死亡。霍乱主要通过患者及带菌者的粪便、排泄物污染水源或食物后传播。它的潜伏期通常为1～3天，但可短至数小时或长达5～6天。 ——百度百科 See a video about cholera [了解传播过程] Pre reading---Prediction According to the title and pictures, the story is going to tell us information about... The text is mainly about ____________ and __________ he defeated “king cholera”. John Snow how Words Review 快速诵背，扫清障碍 Para 1 cholera 霍乱 feared 害怕的 severe 严重的，恶劣的 diarrhoea 腹泻 dehydration 脱水 outbreak n.爆发 frustrated adj. 沮丧的,懊恼的 attend v. 随同,照料 give birth 生产 once and for all 最终地、 彻底地 Para 2 contradictory 对立的 infection n. 感染 germ 细菌 subscribe to 赞同 proof 证据 consequently adv. 因此，结果 investigate v. 调查 particular 特别的，特定的 be determined to do 下定决心做某事 Para 3 mark v. 做记号，做标记 exact 确切的 multiple 多种的 water pump 水泵 especially adv. 尤其 household 家庭 pub 酒吧，酒馆 suspect v. 怀疑 be to blame 该受责备 away from 远离 deliver 发表；运送 as a result of 由于 Words Review 快速诵背，扫清障碍 Para 4 link n. 联系 case 实例，案例 raw adj. 生的，未煮过的 be likely to do 很可能做某事 pure water 纯净水 boiled water 开水 Para 5 tireless adj. 不知疲倦的 substantial 大量的 decrease v. 减少 prevent v. 阻止 statistics 统计数字 transform v.使转化 consider v. 考虑，认为 epidemiology 流行病学 announce v. 宣布 accordingly adv. 相应地;因此 remove 移除 intervention n. 干预，介入 track 踪迹，足迹 While reading---structure Read the passage for the first time, match the main idea of each paragraph. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 4 Para. 5 John Snow desired to destroy cholera. John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Snow began his study by marking on the map. Truth of the infection of cholera. Snow's contributions. Para. 3 While reading---details Read each paragraph and answer some questions. JOHN SNOW DEFEATS "KING CHOLERA" Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. Para 1 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示了如何战胜霍乱。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。19世纪初，霍乱在欧洲爆发，数百万人死于这种疾病。 过去常常做某事 直到...为止 同位语 宾语从句 甚至、即使 n. 爆发 数百万的 die from 死于+外因（指环境、事故等） die of 死于+内因（疾病、衰老等自身的原因） 表示死的原因，die后通常接介词 of/from, 其区别大致为： (1) 若死因存在于人体之内，主要指疾病、衰老等自身原因，一般用of。 如：die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever) (2) 若死因是由环境造成的，主要指事故等外部原因，一般用from。 如：die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning) (3) 若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用 of, from 均可。 如：die of/from a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation and cold, etc) 死于饮酒 (受伤，劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等) 但是在实际运用中，两者混用的情况较多。 As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。 沮丧的；懊恼的 疑问词+不定式 及时；逐渐地 分娩；生孩子 彻底地 不定式做定语 Detailed Reading (Para 1) 1. Which symptom（症状）isn’t mentioned in the first paragraph? diarrhoea fever dehydration death 2. Why was John Snow frustrated as a young doctor? A. Because cholera used to be one of the most feared. B. Because cholera caused death. C. Because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. D. Because he lost his desire to destroy cholera. Detailed Reading (Para 1) 3. What does “ King ” mean in the title? The name of cholera. The causes of cholera. Cholera spread fast. Cholera is a deadly disease and difficult to cure. Para 2 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时的医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。 一般来说=generally speaking 宾语从句 表语从句 表语从句 订阅；订购；赞同 What are the two different opinions about the spread of cholera? Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 因此=as a result=hence=therefore 宾语从句 He loves science fiction in particular. 他特别喜爱科幻小说 尤其；特别是 adj. 特别的 结果状语从句 so... that... 如此..以至于.., so 后面接形容词和副词，that 后面接从句 eg: The box is so heavy that I couldn’t carry it. 下定决心做某事 Para 3 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16. 37.38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是 16 号、37 号、38号及40号住宅)。但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。 定语从句 v. 标记，做记号 多种的 These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. 这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿离开宽街后死于霍乱。 宾语从句 离开 应受责备 It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 似乎，主语从句 形式主语 have sth done让某事被做 宾语从句 have sth done让某事被做 Para 4 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the RiverThames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 表语从句 显示A和B之间的链接 定语从句 未被处理的 定语从句 定语从句 Para 5 Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. 通过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售干净的水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大大减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，全世界有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人死于霍乱。 大量的 不懈努力 Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of JohnSnow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺运用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。 be considered (as/to be)被认为是... 定语从句 The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. 对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。 Post-reading---Introduce John Snow and cholera In the early 19th century, cholera was one of the most feared diseases in the world. Millions of people died from the disease. John Snow, who attended to Queen Victoria, became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. He subscribed to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. In 1854, when an outbreak of cholera hit London, he discovered that cholera was severe. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all and was determined to find out the methods. 1．As far as I know, he is likely to drop out of school to_________ his sick mother. 2．I have never______________ the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life. 3 We arrived home at 12:00, just ___________ for lunch. 4. Let's settle this matter_______________. 5. _______________his strong constitution(体格), Jack was able to pull through his recent serious illness. once and for all; subscribe to; thanks to; attend to; in time; in general; rather than; care about; get down to attend to subscribed to in time once and for all Thanks to 6. If you fail at the first attempt,there is no need to ___________that. 7. After the Spring Festival,I'm going to__________ some serious job -hunting. 8. Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to stay in the library ___________ go to see a movie. 9. ___________, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice. care about get down to rather than In general Thank you Lavf57.58.101 $$