内容正文:
Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy
Welcome to the unit &Reading
一、词汇讲解
1. Understanding the benefits of exercise.
benefit / ˈbenɪfɪt/
◆ n.优势;益处;成效
for one's benefit =for the benefit of sb. 为了帮助某人,为了某人的利益
◆ v.得益于;得利于;使受益
benefit sb./sth. 对某人/物有益
benefit from/by 从……中受益
· beneficial adj. 有利的,有益的
be of benefit to = be beneficial to 对… 有益
2. Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and the minds….
assume /əˈsjuːm/
◆ vt. 假定,认为;承担责任;就职;呈现;显露
(1) It is assumed that… 人们认为;假定;推测
assume… as/ to be 认为…是
assume responsibility/debt 承认责任/ 债务
(2) on the assumption that… 假如
make the assumption that…认为;假定
(3) assuming (that)… 假如
assumption n.假定;设想;担任;采取 assuming conj. 假设
写出下列句子中assume的中文含义
①The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.
②This matter has assumed considerable importance.
③He assumed an air of concern.
① 承担 ②呈现 ③假装
tend tendency n. 倾向,趋势;癖好
3. It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems.
◆vi. 往往会;趋向 vt. 照顾
(1) tend to do sth 常常会做某事;倾向于做某事
tend to/ towards… 趋向…;倾向…
tend sb/ sth 照料;照管;护理
(2) have a tendency to 倾向于做某事
She ____________________________ caution.
她天生非常小心谨慎。 has a strong natural tendency to/ towards
4. … and improve your body’s range of movement. …增大肢体活动的幅度。 (教材P17)
range
◆n. 范围,界限;区间;一系列
(1)in/ within range of 在… 范围内
out of range of 超出…的范围
a range of 一系列的
beyond one’s range of 超出…的范围
eg. There is a wide range of ability in the class. 这个班里的学生的能力差异很大。
Your blood pressure’s well within the normal range. 你的血压完全在正常的范围内。
(2)range from… to… 从…到… 变化
range between … and … 在… 范围内变动
range in age/ size/ price from… to… 年龄/ 尺寸/价格在…到… 间变动
(3) n. 山脉 a mountain range 一条山脉
1. The job encompasses _________________________.
这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。
2. This was _____________________ his experience.
这超出了他的阅历。
1 a wide range of responsibilities ②outside the range of
5. Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost for sweat. 锻炼过程中别忘了喝水,以弥补出汗消耗的水分。
make up for
◆弥补,补偿
①After all the delays, we were anxious to make up for lost time.
耽搁了这么久,我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
②How can I make up for the way I've treated you?
我这样对你,该怎么向你表示歉意呢?
make up 弥补 ; 构成 ; 编造 ; 组成
make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ; 有道理 ; 言之有理
make for 走向 ; 有助于 ; 促进 ; 导致
make mistakes 犯错误 ; 学会犯错 ; 出错
make headway 取得进展 ; 有进展 ; 前进 ; 取得盼望
make good 成功 ; 弥补 ; 履行诺言 ; 补偿
make clear 澄清 ; 弄清楚 ; 表明 ; 说明
6. In general, you should have your meal an average of 105 to 2.5 hours before exercising.
Average /ˈævərɪdʒ/
◆n. 平均水平;一般水平 adj. 平均的;典型的
above/below average 平均水平之上/ 之下
on average 平均起来
an average of 平均是
◆ adj. 平均的;正常的;普通的
an average rate/cost/price 平均费率/成本/价格
an average student 一个中等生
◆“an average of+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数;“the average of +名词复数”做主语,谓语动词用单数。
7. To prevent soft tissue injury…. 为避免软组织受伤…。(教材P17)
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/
◆n. 伤害;损伤
(1) do sb an injury/ do an injury to sb 伤害某人
serious injury/injuries 重伤
minor injuries 轻伤
escape injury 险受伤害/未受伤
(2) get injured 受伤 the injured 伤员
injure vt. 伤害,损害 injured adj. 受伤的;受损害的
1. She'd been fortunate to _____________________.
她运气好,躲过了更严重的伤害。
2. Ten of _______________ are said to be in critical condition.
据说伤者中有十人情况危急
1 escape more serious injury ②the injured
【辨析】injure:尤指在事故中伤害、使受伤,强调功能的损失。
wound:指使身体受伤,强调流血,尤指用武器(刀,枪,剑等)伤害,战场上受伤。
hurt:普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。
harm:用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。
①What really ____________ was that he never answered my letter.
真正让我伤心的是他从不给我回信。
②The treatment they gave him did him more ____________ than good .
他们的治疗对他弊多于利。
③The soldier died from a ____________ in the battle.
这位士兵在这次战役中因负伤而死。
④Those ____________ in the accident have already been sent to the hospital.
那些在事故中受伤的人都已送往医院。
1 hurt ②harm ③wound ④injured
equip vt. 装备,配备
8. …make sure that your wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising .锻炼时一定要穿戴合适的衣服和护具。(教材P31)
equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/
◆n.设备;配备;装备
a piece of equipment 一件设备
◆equip v. 配备;装备;使用所有准备;使有能力
equip sb/ sth with sth 装备有…
be equipped with sth 装备有…
equip sb for 使某人有所准备;使有能力
be well/ badly equipped 装备精良/ 很差
1. We should ____________________ knowledge.
我们要用知识来武装自己。
2. The course is designed to ____________________ a career in nursing.
此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。
3. All __________________ is on sale today and tomorrow.
所有录像设备今明两天降价出售
1 equip ourselves with ②equip students for ③video equipment
二、句式分析
1. It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.事实证明,定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统,患病的分析较低。
本句是一个复合句, it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。
考点:“It+ be+过去分词+that从句” 的结构
It has proven that… 事实证明…, 为It be +过去分词+that从句。常用于该结构的过去分词有 reported, said, known, believed, thought, announced, expected, stated 等
上述结构还可以改为 Sb./Sth. be said/ thought/ beliveved/ hoped … to do/ to be doing/ to have done.
Eg. It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. =People are generally believed to act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.
一般认为,人的行为方式是由他们的个性和态度决定的。
2. When to eat is also of great importance. 什么时候吃也很重要。
When to eat 是主语,is of great importance 是“be of+ n.”结构,意为“很重要”。“of+n.”在句中做表语。
be of+抽象名词相当于“be +该抽象名词相对应的形容词。其中 of 表示“具备;具有”, of 不可以省略。例如:be of use/ importance/ significance/ help/ value/ benefit = be useful/ important/ significant/ helpful/ valuable/ beneficial… ,这些抽象名词前常用great, little, some, any, much, no 等来修饰说明其程度。
be of +名词,还可用来说明句子主语在度量,大小,颜色,类别等方面的特征。这类名词有 colour, age, size, height, weight, shape, type,kind等。在这类名词前常用different, all, the same,this, that, a(n) +形容词等词来修饰或说明。
①Heart of appreciation is of great significance in our lives.
Heart of appreciation is very significant in our lives.
一颗懂得感恩之心是非常重要的。
2 The two girls are of the same age.
这俩女孩年龄相同。
“be of+ 抽象名词” 结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法,即“be of no+名词”。
As far as the study of English was concerned, what he said was of no use. 就学习英语而言,他所讲的并没有什么用处
【跟踪典例】
①The drawing ________________, and it is worthless.
这画没有价值,它没有用
②The two coats are __________________.
这两件外衣颜色相同。
1 is of no value/ is useless ②of the same colour
3. To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear, roper clothes and equipment when exercising.为了防止软组织受伤,在运动时一定要穿合适的衣服并配备适当的装备。
本句是一个复合句,To prevent soft tissue injury 是不定式做目的状语,make sure that...是祈使句,when exercising是that 宾语从句中省略形式的时间状语从句,补充完整为when you are exercising。
考点:状语从句的省略句式
一般来说,省略现象常出现在下列五种状语从句中:①由when while, as, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;②由if, unless等导的条件状语从句;③由though, although, even if, whatever等引导的让步状语从句;④由as, than等引导的比较状语从句;⑤由as, as if, as though等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时,要遵循以下原则:
(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时,可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词,这时从句中可以出现如下结构:
连词+名词/形容词/介词短语
连词+现在分词
连词+过去分词
连词+不定式
While ( he was) a young boy ,he was always ready to help others
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,但从句的主语是it,从句中又含有be 动词的某种形式时,可以把it 和be 动词一起省略。
If(it is)necessary, I will come to see you off tomorrow. 如果有必要,我明天会来为你送行。
(3)掌握下列短语:if any如果有的话;if so如果是这样的话;if ever 如果曾经有的话;if not如果不是这样的话。
What action, if any, will you take?若有的话,你会采取什么措施?
特别提醒
对状语从句的省略的考查主要是让考生判断连词后面用哪种非谓语形式,解这类题的关键是要弄清楚从句中的动词与其逻辑主语(即主句的主语)之间的关系,如果是主谓关系通常要用现在分词,如果是动宾关系通常要用过去分词。
填空:
1. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if (carry) out regularly, can improve our health.
2. — Who should be responsible for the accident?
— The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as ( tell).
3. It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. If , we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
4. Unless ( invite), he will not come back to the company.
5. Once ( publishing), his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
6. You should be careful while ( cross) the road.
7. She gave me a comforting smile, nodded (当耐心地听的时候), and then printed out the ticket immediately.
8. (如果有必要), you should turn to your parents for help.
1. carried 2 told 3 so 4 invited 5.published 6.crossing 7. when listening patiently
8. If necessary
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