新概念英语第三册Lesson 2 Thirteen Equals One课件

Lesson 2 Thirteen Equals One Have you got a clock? Have your clock ever broken down? How many times can a clock strike most? Can you repair a clock? Will you have the clock repaired? Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one II Warm up on the title Which number is bigger, 13 or 1? (13.) Why does the writer say “13 equals 1” ? (Figurative usage.) Can you think of a similar usage about numbers in China? (“1 + 1 = 3”.) equal V. 等于 equal to 和……相等； She is not equal to the task. equal in 和……一样； No man equals him in strength. equal with 和……平等 Women shall be equal with men in the enjoyment of welfare benefits. 加、减、乘、除 加：and, plus, add to Two and five is seven. Two plus five is equal to seven. Two plus five makes seven. Two plus five will be seven. If you add two to five, you get seven. 减：minus, take from, subtract from Seven minus two is five. Seven minus is equal to five. Two taken from seven leaves five. Two subtracted from seven leaves five. Take two from seven and the remainder is five. 加、减、乘、除 乘：multiply by或time Multiply two by seven is/give fourteen. Two multiplied by seven is fourteen. Multiply two by seven, you get fourteen. Two times seven is/make/will be/equal/is equal to fourteen. 除：divided by或divide … into Fourteen divided by seven makes/is/equals two. Divide seven into fourteen, and you get two. Divide fourteen by seven, and you get two. How can 13 equal 1? equal v.等同于 vicar n. 牧师 cause n. 事情 strike v. 撞击 torchlight n.电筒光 figure n. 人影 grocer n.食品杂货商 Vicar Godfather Minister Pastor Father 英国圣公教 教父 牧师（某些新教） 基督教牧师 神父 raise vt. 提高, 升起； 养育； 积攒； raise price raise one’s head. raise children raise cattle. raise money raise one’s sprits raise one’s eyebrows at sth. start n. 吃惊 Start: 由于突如其来的恐惧或惊异而身体颤动，甚至跳跃。即“惊跳，惊起” I woke up from the bad with a start. Surprise：“ 使……惊起或诧异”，只表示一种心理状态 We'll solve the case ourselves and surprise everyone. wake, awaken, waken, awaken Awake 弄醒，不及物动词，可与wake换用，awake还 可用做形容词“醒着的” The patient was awake all night. Waken/awaken弄醒(书面，文学) I was awaken/waken by a loud noise. arm n. 胳膊； v. 以……为武装; 带着 They were armed with sticks and stones. I’m armed with an umbrella. The armed forces of a country disarm v. 解除武装 whatever adj. 不管什么样的 pron. 无论什么; 诸如此类 Whatever 强调形式, 在语气上比what强的多 What are you doing, Bill? 比尔，你在干什么？ Whatever are you doing, bill? 比尔， 你究竟在干什么？ Question: Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why? Yes, he was quite pleased. Because the clock was working again, striking the wrong hour was better than not striking at all. 1 What woke the vicar up? 2 What was the time? 3 How many times did the clock strike? 4 Where did the vicar go? 5 What did he take with him? 6 Whom did he see in the clock tower? 7 What did Bill Wilkins say he was trying to do? 8 Had Bill Wilkins succeeded in repairing the clock or not? 9 Was the vicar pleased or angry? 10 What did he offer the grocer? Answer these questions in note form to get your points: Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. 1) is always raising money 所用的是正在进行时态的结构，但是表达的是一般现在时态的内容。这样使用正在进行时态时，除可以表达出一般现在时内容外，往往还含有一定的感情色彩（如表明说话人的赞叹，厌倦等），如： How are you feeling today? (比How do you feel? 更显得亲切) My daughter is doing fine work at school. (比My daughter does fine work at school 更有赞美之意) He’s always boasting.他老爱吹牛。（表示厌烦） 一些副词常用于这样的结构中，以加强感情色彩。除文中always外，常见的还有constantly, continually和forever，如： He’s continually asking me for money. My father’s forever losing his keys. Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired 2) enough一词可作形容词或副词。作形容词修饰名词时，置于此名词之前或之后均可，如： He has money enough/enough money. 作副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常置于此形容词或副词之后，如： We are strong enough to be able to resist aggression. He did the job well enough. 此外，enough一词常用于名词/形容词+ enough + 动词不定式结构中，如： 他够傻的，竟会相信那个骗子说的话。 He was fool enough to believe what the cheat said. 你是否有足够的勇气把你的想法告诉他？ Are you brave enough to tell him what you think? 注意前一句中的名词前不可使用冠词。在此类用法中，名词更多表现出形容词的色彩，具有“有此名词特征/性质的”之意。 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired 3）have something done 1>找某人来做某事（被动） -- have the church clock repaired -- have the plane repaired   / -- have hair cut 2>某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人） -- His wallet was stolen.     He had his wallet stolen. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. used to仅用来表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，而表达现在的习惯性动作或状态时通常使用一般现在时态就可以了，如： He used to play cards a lot. He plays cards a lot. Used可作助动词（用于疑问句、否定句中），也可作一般性动词使用，如： Did you use/ Used you to play football at school? I didn’t use/used not to like opera, but now I’m getting interested. 此外，不可将used to用于表示某事发生次数或时间长短意义的句子中，如 不可说： I used to go to London seven times. 而应说： I went to London seven times. (我曾去过伦敦7次。) One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! 1）however然而，可是；仍然。并列连词，在句中的位置很灵活，可将其用于句首、句中或句末，但应注意标点符号的使用。如： 我愿意去，不过我想最好不去。 I would like to go; however, I think I’d better not. 我觉得有点儿累，但很可能是天气的缘故。 I feel a bit tired; however, it’s probably just the weather. One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! 2) with a start作原因状语，修饰谓语动词，表明引发某一动作的原因，如： The boy woke up from the bad dream with a start. Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. 1) looking at his watch 为现在分词短语，作时间状语，说明主句动作发生的时间，如： Turning around, she saw a blue car driving up. 2) before作表示时间状语的连词时，同其他用来表示时间状语的连词如after, as soon as, until等一样，从句中的谓语动词通常不用将来时态，如： I’ll tell you as soon as I know. He’ll be back before you’ve left. The bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. =It was not until the thirteenth stroke that the bell stopped Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. Armed with a torch为过去分词短语，作方式状语。分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。注意下列分词短语同句中主语的关系： 由于不知如何是好，我给警察打了电话。（表原因） Not knowing what to do, I telephoned police. 放下报纸，我走到窗前向外望去。（表时间） Putting down my newspaper, I walked over to the window and looked out. 一连下了两个星期的雨，把我们的假日全毁了。（表结果） It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday. 如果省着用，一听罐头至少可以用6个星期。（表条件） Used economically, one tin will last at least six weeks. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 1) 名词sight常见的搭配如下： bear/stand the sight of …容忍（忍受）见到…，如： 我连看也不想看那个邋遢女人。 I really cannot bear the sight of that sloven woman. dread the sight of 害怕见到，如： 公司的雇员大都害怕见到他们暴君似的老板。 Most of the staff in the company dread the sight of their tyrant-like boss. hate the sight of 讨厌见到，如： 我讨厌见到他，因为他总是在他人面前吹牛。 I hate the sight of him, for he’s always blindly boasting in face of others. catch sight of 看到，发现；意识到，如： 在那一刻，正是他意识到了存在的危险。 It was he, at that moment, who caught sight of the existing danger. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. keep sight of 将…保持在视线之内，如： 为了防止他逃脱，警察把他监视了整整两个星期。 In order to prevent him from escaping ,the police have been keeping sight of him for two weeks on end. lose sight of 不再看见；失去联系；忘记，忽略，如： 在雾中，我们再也看不到那条小船，不知如何是好。 In the fog, we lost sight of the boat, and didn’t know what to do. 在使用中，应注意在后3个动词短语的搭配中无冠词a或the。 In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 2) recognize … as… 认出…是…介词as 后的名词或代词为宾语补语。recognize为静态动词（stative verb），而非动态动词（dynamic verb），因此通常不用于正在进行时结构中，如: 当我在人群中行走时，我认出了她。 不可说： I was recognizing her while walking in the crowd. 而应说： I recognized her while walking in the crowd. 此外，recognize为表示短暂时间概念的动词，因此不能同表示有延续时间概念的时间状语连用，或用于表示延续时间意义的句子中，如不可说： I have recognized him for a long time. I recognize him very well/ 而应说： I have known him for a long time. I know him very well. 'Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?' asked the vicar in surprise. 1) 一般疑问代词或疑问副词+ever可用于表示语气强调，通常分开写，如： 到底是谁打坏了花瓶？ Who ever/Whoever broke the vase? 她究竟想要哪一个？ Which ever/Whichever does she want? 你到底在什么地方见他偷东西的？ Where ever/Wherever did you see him stealing? 2) in surprise惊异的，介词短语，作方式状语，修饰句中asked。有时在名词surprise前使用某些形容词，说明以某种惊异的方式，如： 听到这突如其来的消息，他们惊得目瞪口呆。 On hearing the sudden news, they stared in dumb surprise. 最后她怀着悲伤并很意外的心情离开了。 At last she went away in grieved surprise. ' I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill.' I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. I’ve been coming为现在完成进行时结构，表示一段时间以来一直在进行的动作。完成时和完成进行时两者的强调点不同： 1）谈及更为固定不变的情况时，通常使用一般现在完成时；谈及更为暂时性行为和情况时，通常使用现在完成进行时，比较： 近来我一直工作得不太好。 I haven’t been working very well recently. 他已多年未工作了。 He hasn’t worked for years. 2) 现在完成时一般用来表示动作的完成或动作所产生的结果；现在完成进行时通常用来强调动作仍在进行，比较： 午饭后我已油漆了两个房间。 I’ve painted two rooms since lunch time. 对不起，太乱了-我一直在油漆房子。 Sorry about the mess-I’ve been painting the house. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise. 1) you see 作插入语，意即“你瞧”、“你听我说”，如： 瞧，雪停了。 There, you see, the snow’s stopped. 听我说，她就这样救了我的命。 Thus, you see, she saved me. 2) I was hoping … 为一种“试探性”语气，表示礼貌或尊敬，如： 我是希望我们能一块儿吃饭。 I was hoping we could have dinner together. 'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 助动词do可用来表示情感上的强调，如： 你今天真的看起来很美！ You do look nice today! 她的确说了许多，不对吗？ She does talk a lot, doesn’t she? 当将do用于表示邀请的祈使句时，会使邀请听起来更为礼貌、真诚或友好，如： 快请进！ Do come in! 再吃个马铃薯吧！ Do have another potato! 助动词do的强调用法也可用于be祈使句中，如： 快安静下来！ Do be quiet! 一定要小心！ Do be careful! 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.' still 在这里为连词，表示与前文所述内容的对比，含“然而”、“但是”、“尽管如此”之意，如： 试验中我的确失败了-尽管如此，我还是从中学到了不少东西。 I did fail in the experiment-Still, I’ve learned a lot from it. 'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.' 1) I can do about it为定语从句，修饰nothing，之间省略了关系单词that。当关系代词在定语从句中作补语、宾语或there be结构中的主语时，均可将其省略。这种省略在口语中更为常见，如： 她已不再是去农村前的她了。（关系代词作从句中的补语） She’s no longer the girl (that) she was before she went to the countryside. 我不是你想象的那种傻瓜。（关系代词作从句中的宾语补足语） I’m not the fool (that) you thought me. 他说的话似乎都很有道理。（关系代词作从句中的宾语） Everything (that) he said seemed quite reasonable. 我要充分利用剩下的时间。（关系代词作从句中there be结构的主语） I must make full use of the time (that) there is left to me. 'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.' 2)当关系代词在介词之后时，只能使用Which，而且不能省略。但在口语中，这样使用的介词通常置于句末，这时可用关系代词that，此关系代词通常予以省略，如： 他干活用的那个工具叫手摇钻。 The tool with which he is working is called a hand drill. The tool (that) he is working with is called a hand drill. 这就是我们进行了大量讨论的问题。 This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about. 'We'll get used to that Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen is not as good as one but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.' 1) get used to 变得习惯于。to为介词，后应使用名词、代词或动名词。 2）as good as和…一样好，形容词比较级用法，如： 她的书法和他的一样好。 Her handwriting is good as his. 但将其作副词短语修饰动词或形容词时，其意义通常为“和…几乎一样”、“实际上等于”，当然全句意义也就未必表示好的或所希望的事物，如： 我们差不多完蛋了。 We are as good as ruined. 这辆旧自行车实际就等于废物一件。 This old bike is as good as useless. 1. 现在进行时、一般现在时表示习惯性的动作。 在英语中，always, never等表示非确定频度的副词，可以和现在进行时和一般现在时连用，表示习惯性的动作，即不断重复发生的事情，如： 我常听说有关他的一些怪事。 I’m always hearing strange stories about him. 他们常到午夜才睡。 They always stay up till midnight. 这类表示不断重复动作的非确定频度的副词有always, constantly, continually, frequently, forever, hardly, ever, never, often, rarely, repeatedly等 Grammar in use You certainly did give me a surprise! 助动词的强调肯定修辞格： “助动词do/does/did + 动词原形” 突出强调人们的意愿或情感，除具有强调作用外还可以排除否定的观点。 e.g. Tom does know Shanghai well. 汤姆对上海非常熟悉（汤姆不是第一次来上海） Do phone me when you get to Beijing. 到北京时一定要给我打电话（不要忘了给我打电话） 对除谓语动词外的其他部分进行强调时可用强调句型 it is/was…that/who… eg. It is you that/who I like. It was from September 12th that we began our study in this term. In 的用法： ① 与表示惊讶、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用： In surprise; in astonishment; in alarm; in embarrassment; in despair; in dismay; in anger ② 表示“以、用”；用于语言、书写材料、色彩或声音等方面： In English; in pencil; in ink; in a few words; in such a high voice; in oil; in red; in code ③ 用于状态，情况或处境： In trouble; in difficulty; in bed; in a hurry; in debt; in love with sb. ; in tear; in good health; in the bad mood whatever有两个用法，一、whatever作连接代词 1、是引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句），相当于anything that，意思是“所……的任何事情”，在语气上比what更强。 Eg:Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。 2、是用于引导让步状语从句。相当于no matter what，意思是“无论什么，不管什么”，whatever在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Eg:Whatever we said, he'd disagree. 无论我们说什么，他都不同意。 二、whatever用作连接形容词 whatever用作连接形容词，作定语，意为“无论什么样的”；这时它必须与被它修饰的词一起放在从句前引导从句。如： I can do whatever work I can find. 我可以做我能找到的任何工作。 Whatever difficulties we meet, we can get them over. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都能克服。 Give me whatever books you have on the subject. 把你有关这方面的书籍都给我。 三、使用whatever应注意的几个问题 1. 不论whatever在从句中作什么成分，它都应置于(从句)句首。 2. 引导从句时，如果上下文意思清楚，可以省略已经清楚的部分。如： Whatever the causes (may have been), a change took place. 不管原因是什么，变化已经出现了。 Whatever your argument (is), I shall hold to my decision. 不管你怎样争辩，我还是坚持自己的决定。 四、与其类似的whichever，however的用法 1. whichever意为“无论哪一个”，在从句中一般用作定语，后面要跟名词；但在一定语境中，与whichever连用的名词可省略。 You should wear whichever dress suits you best. 什么衣服最适合你穿，你就应该穿它。 2. however意为“无论怎样；不管怎样”，一般在从句中用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词；此外，含however的从句常常用作让步状语。 She could not remember, however hard she tried. 不管她怎么努力去回想，她还是记不起来。 五、whatever与no matter what no matter what只能用来引导让步状语从句，但whatever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。如： Don’t trust him, no matter what/whatever he says. 不管他说什么都别相信他 六、whatever还可用于加强语气，相当于what ever, what on earth等。 Whatever / What ever is the matter? 这是怎么回事? ※and whatever等等 1__________hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.  (2008辽宁卷) A. Whatever            B. Whenever    C. Wherever               D. However 2. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________ the season.   (2008全国卷I) A. whatever               B. wherever     C. whenever                D. however 3. ________ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao.  (2007上海春季卷) A. However the weather is like  B. However is the weather like C. Whatever is the weather like          D. Whatever the weather is like 4. ________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.  (2006山东卷) A. No matter what        B. No matter which  C. Whatever              D. Whichever 5.— Could you do me a favor? — It depends on ________ it is.  (2006北京卷) A. which                   B. whichever       C. what                   D. whatever still：尽管如此,然而;(虽然...)还是 all the same：还是,依然 just the same：完全一样；不过；仍然 night after night 夜夜 重复修饰,加强效果 day after day:日复一日 day in day out:日复一日,天天 year after year year in year out:年复一年 better than:好于，胜过 Better than nothing:胜于什么都没有 Eg:Better late than never.亡羊补牢 Eg:Better safe than sorry.安全比遗憾好. Eg：Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.与其做愚蠢的智人不如做聪明地愚人. Exercises in a hurry, in the end, in sight, in ink or in pencil, in common, in tears Reading Comprehension d Reading Comprehension b Reading Comprehension c b, d, b, c, a b, a, a, c Goodbye Thirteen Equals One VOA , track 2 122387.805 www.tingvoa.com - VOA $$