精品解析：北京市第八中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷

北京市第八中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试 英语 (考试时间100分钟, 满分120分) 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Production of bottled water has grown over the past thirty years from nothing into a $16 billion-per-year business. However more and more people have been against bottled water use, and environmentalists are ___1___ people to go back to the tap. The first reason why you should seriously think about ___2___ bottled water, they say, is that it’s bad for the environment. Producing plastic bottles ___3___ vast quantities of oil. As a result, factories create poisonous waste and send it into the environment. What is more, the vast majority of plastic water bottles aren’t ___4___. In almost every part of the world, unwanted water bottles take up landfills and send dangerous gases into air and water when they are burned. In other words, bottled water is a major ___5___ to global warming. Secondly, the ___6___ of bottled water requires a lot of fuel. In the USA alone, one billion bottles of water are moved around each week in trucks, giving off polluting gases. In fact, some high-priced water is ___7___ from one side of the planet to the other. Finally, bottled water isn’t even better for your health. Tap water rules in many countries are far ___8___ than those for bottled water. Furthermore, tap water contains fluoride, which is added to help build strong teeth and prevent tooth decay(龋齿). Consequently, as the use of bottled water has ___9___, tooth decay has become more serious. To sum up, by stopping the use of bottled water, and encouraging others to do so, you will be doing the planet an enormous _____10_____ and  benefiting your own health as well. 1. A. allowing B. training C. calling on D. commanding 2. A. giving up B. turning to C. preparing for D. believing in 3. A. creates B. attracts C. requires D. shares 4. A. sold B. recycled C. found D. limited 5. A. answer B. solution C. contributor D. service 6. A. test B. design C. competition D. transportation 7. A. shipped B. wasted C. developed D. collected 8. A. older B. fewer C. stricter D. simpler 9. A. dropped B. changed C. increased D. disappointed 10 A. contribution B. favor C. help D. assistance 第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5分，共 15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 ____11____  (live) in the UK for 15 years, Huang Danian moved back to China in 2008. He set up a state-of-the-art lab, sometimes ____12____  (pay) for equipment with his own money. He contributed to the launch of Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2. In 2016, he fainted and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer. ____13____  (trap) in his hospital bed, he still continued his work. He died in January in 2017. More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate a life that burned so bright, but was so short. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 During my time in and above the Arizona desert, I learned not only about the mechanics and techniques of aviation, but also about myself and how I see the world. As I floated in that seemingly endless sea of air, I became aware of the _____14_____ (various) and complexity of the humanity below. On the ribbons of roadways, each tiny car carried people with hopes and dreams. I wondered _____15_____ any of those people had ever wished to fly like an eagle. Then I realized that each must have his or her own dreams and ambitions. That’s _____16_____ makes us unique. We try to respond to something special inside us. I also realized that I was especially fortunate to be making my own dream come true. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Over the past five years, China _____17_____ (construct) the world’s largest high-speed rail network, including four rail lines north to south and four lines east to west. The network is spread over 22,000 kilometers, _____18_____ is about 60 percent of the world’s total. Approved by the State Council, a new network, expanded to eight lines for both north to south and east to west, _____19_____ (build) to cover most central and western regions of China. In the near future, when it _____20_____ (complete), the national high-speed railway mileage will reach 45,000 km, double of the present, making more than 200,000 people in the city enjoy the convenience of high-speed trains. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两小节；每小题2分, 共38分） 第一节（共 13 小题；每小题 2 分，共 26 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In the 1990s conservationist Dave Foreman, co-founder of Wild Earth magazine, invented the term “rewilding.” It is defined as “a conservation effort focused on restoring sustainable biodiversity and ecosystem health by protecting core wilderness areas.” In order to achieve that goal, some conservationists are returning native species to the wild and allowing nature to take over previously developed places. Other people, however, believe that rewilding methods can be as basic as planting trees or simply not interfering with the land. In various places around the world rewilding can be seen with favorable results. In regions of southern Africa, cheetahs and lions have been successfully introduced back into the wild. Ages ago, herds of European bison thundered across Europe. But they were hunted for food and sport until none of these large mammals remained in the wild. Thankfully, Europe’s bison survived because of a captive breeding program. Currently these “ecosystem engineers” are being returned to forests and are transforming the land for the better. Public attitudes toward rewilding are generally positive. In the UK, eighty-two percent of those surveyed indicated that they were in favor of bringing back animals that have disappeared from the wild in their country. When asked which types of animals they wanted most, a solid majority said birds of prey, that is, birds which hunt and feed on smaller animals. Slightly fewer favored introducing wading birds, which make their homes in and near water. In contrast, only one in four favored bringing back brown bears. Just over one-third would like to see wolves introduced into the UK. Nearly half of those surveyed are in favor of bringing back wild cats, such as the Highland tiger, which has nearly disappeared from its native hunting grounds in Scotland. On the other hand, rewilding is also opposed by some people. They fear that the animals could spread diseases or threaten people. Some farmers are also against returning farming areas to their natural state for wild animals to live. According to them, farming areas must be reserved. If it isn’t, food production could be harmed. Scientists and government officials who favor rewilding will have to deal with these concerns. 21. What does this article imply about European bison? A. They provided meat for people in the distant past. B. At one time, they put fear into the hearts of people. C. They prevented people from founding settlements. D. Their skins were used to make clothing for people. 22. According to this article, which of the following is true? A. People generally don’t like the idea of rewilding. B. Rewilding must start on a small scale. C. European bison, after rewilding, caused danger in the ecosystem. D. Rewilded animals are believed by some to pose danger. 23. Look at the following charts. Which chart agrees with the information in the article about the UK survey on rewilding? A. B. C. D. B Life is just like a box of chocolates and you never know what you're going to get. Sometimes when we are in our darkest hour, something completely unexpected happens that can give us a little bit of hope and comfort. Jessica was a healthy woman. One day, while she was working on a brilliant idea that suddenly struck her, which she thought would be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem she was working on, she suddenly lost consciousness. After she was rushed to the hospital, her heart rate slowed by nearly 50 percent. It took nine days for doctors to concentrate on what was causing her problem. After several weeks, Jessica was still stiff from head to foot, but luckily, she was able to move her lips. Staff noticed this and introduced Jessica to Consuelo Gonzalez, a professional lip reader. Consuelo can understand what people are saying by the shape their lips make. She can also understand how annoying it is not to be able to communicate because she has been completely deaf since the age of 8. For a few hours each week, Jessica could have long conversations with Consuelo, diving into the ocean of words she dearly missed. Through Consuelo, Jessica asked the doctors and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to. She also talked to Consuelo about the vivid dreams she was mixing up with reality. In fact, there are other ways for Consuelo to earn a living by reading lips, but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from reality is the most rewarding way she can use her unique skill. “What is really wonderful, without doubt, is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings. That’s what feels best: Love.” After four and a half months in the hospital, Jessica finally recovered. Consuelo was there, holding Jessica’s hands. Jessica eventually went back to work as a math professor. After her experience she wrote a new living will. One thing she added is that if she ever becomes incapacitated like this again, she is never to be left alone. 24. Why does the author mention a box of chocolates in the first paragraph? A. To present an argument. B. To make a comparison. C. To introduce a topic. D. To give an example. 25. How can we describe Consuelo Gonzalez? ______ A. Friendly and cautious. B. Brave and creative. C. Kind and caring. D. Determined and humorous. 26. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage? A. Love can make people no longer alone facing difficulties. B. Creating communication between human beings is rewarding. C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself. D. Love is key to the attainment of others’ respect. C As we prepare learners with the skills needed for the 21st century, there is a greater desire to further integrate technology into our classrooms. Whether it’s a K-12 or college classroom, it’s rare to find an environment that does not integrate technology in some form or another. In some cases, online learning has replaced the physical classroom altogether. As educators, we owe it to ourselves and our students to use these benefits. However, while technology offers significant advantages, simply integrating it as an alternative source of delivery or as another means for students to demonstrate their comprehension is not an effective practice. We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided. These resources are just instruments and require high-quality guided practice from instructors. These instruments, combined with guidance, can afford good instruction, practice and motivation. While technology can positively impact learning outcomes, it may be even more effective for some students if it’s instructor-led and integrated into a well-designed curriculum(课程). Technology is rapidly changing the educational environment and challenging students to adapt accordingly. It can frustrate students of different generations struggling to learn how to use a learning platform in addition to picking up the actual subject. Some may wonder, “Why should I waste time learning how to create a podcast(播客) when I could simply write the paper?” It’s a reasonable question. We must not assume students who were raised using technology are always comfortable learning with these tools. A study found that because of tools some students may not have experience using, they may need more direction on how to apply these tools. Students may struggle if an instructor neglects to teach the conceptual basis of the tools. Technology may mean little without appropriate objectives and goals for its use, structures for its application, and trained deliverers. Educators are also tasked with providing students the skills they need to flourish in a highly competitive and technologically-based workplace. Many of the skills obtained through online classes are valuable professional skills. Students taught how to use multiple learning technologies effectively have a competitive advantage over those who are simply using technology as a method of delivery in the online classroom. Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content, but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms. Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators. 27. What is important to the learning technology? A. Instruction and revision. B. Comprehension and application. C. Guidance and arrangements. D. Diversity and flexibility. 28. According to the passage, what should an educator do? A. Arrange online assignment for students. B. Help students master online technology. C. Prepare students with rules in the workplace. D. Notify students of the value of the learning tool. 29. What’s the author’s attitude toward learning technology? A. Critical. B. Unconcerned. C. Wait-and-see. D. Approving. 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Does Technology Boost Educational Effectiveness? B. Is the Learning Technology a Tool or an Opportunity? C. Can Technology Put an End to Traditional Classrooms? D. Does the Learning Skill Outweigh the Learning Content? D We have been defending humanities for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly putting humanities departments on the chopping block. As a humanist, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one. In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not — and cannot be — conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know. Nonetheless, we should be alert to the danger of becoming accustomed to putting our worst foot forward. An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind. A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight sexism or to promote democracy—and everyone agrees that sexism is bad, and democracy is good — then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy. Politicization is a way of arming the humanities for its political battles, but it comes at an intellectual cost. Why is sexism so bad? Why is democracy so good? Politicization silences these and other questions, whereas the function of the humanities is to raise them. Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. If at some point I am called on to defend the study of Homer or Descartes at some official hearing, I will do my best, but I will not run to battle; the battle will have to come to me. The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit that animates us to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible. 31. What is the author’s main concern regarding the crisis in humanities? A. The pressure on humanists to argue for the value of their disciplines. B. The mounting political scrutiny faced by humanities departments. C. People’s little knowledge regarding the purpose of humanities. D. Students’ lack of interest in studying humanities courses. 32. What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. immune. B. relevant. C. sensitive. D. contrary. 33. What can be inferred about a defensive mindset? A. It brings about a lower chance of survival for humanities. B. It requires a reflective mood on the study of humanities. C. It leads to a compromise on human’s intellectual depth. D. It is the worst action to take in the face of the crisis. 34 Which of the following might the author most probably agree? A. The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight. B. The future of humanities remains cloudy. C. Science is more useful than humanities. D. Humanities may not need any defense. 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do, but like many products, they take a huge amount of energy to produce.____35____For example, they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting. While domestic growing doesn’t involve the same carbon footprint as commercial growing, it’s important to consider what we can all do to minimize our own impact while still enjoying growing plants. Over-consumption of plants is a big issue. It’s so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants, and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them.____36____ The more plants you have, the more limited your time and resources become, and plants can suffer. This leads to another issue-many people may end up throwing away their plants which don’t look perfect or stop flowering, in a similar way to the world of fast fashion. ____37____. If you are ready and able to increase your collection, propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more, and share plants with others. ____38____Meanwhile, we can build a community of like-minded, passionate plant people. Recycling takes a huge amount of input, which can end up more damaging to the environment, so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year, buy fewer things of a higher quality. ____39____And they can be passed down the generations. A. But large collections call for an enormous amount of work. B. Many commercial growers continue to market their produce. C. This removes the need to buy plants and encourages a sharing culture. D. These will last many years and be more cost-effective in the long term. E. So it’s important to assess your collection and buy plants you have time to look after. F. Throwing them away will greatly reduce your gardening footprint on the environment. G. Many large-scale growers have used technology to minimize their impact on the environment. 第三部分 阅读表达（共12分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 40. According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? _________________________________________________ 41. What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? _________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. _________________________________________________ 43. Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________ 第四部分：词汇（共两节；每小题1分，共20 分） 第一节 根据语境选出可以填入句子空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 44. The Government will force companies to ________ any possible measures to reduce air pollution. A. adjust B. adopt C. adapt D. accept 45. The use of water is becoming tense in north China and the government _____ that we should save water in our daily life. A. admits B. acknowledges C. advocates D. adores 46. When is the best time to my employer about an increase in salary? A. appeal B. appreciate C. applaud D. approach 47. The problem has simply because you didn’t follow the instructions in the handbook. A. assessed B. arisen C. annoyed D. arranged 48. It is said that dogs will keep you ________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. accompany B. companionship C. companion D. company 49. The job is ________ to me because I have little experience. However, it is also rewarding. A. challenging B. boring C. bitter D. contradictory 50. The weather here is too _______ and it can rain at any moment. Why not bring an umbrella? A. comfortable B. consistent C. changeable D. bitter 51. The computer system____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A. broke out B. broke in C. broke up D. broke down 52. If children were not told and shown how to ________ politely, they might grow up rough and rude like savages (野人). A. blame B. behave C. betray D. bow 53. Typing is considered by most employers to be a basic ________. A. contribution B. congratulation C. competence D. command 54. Refusal to ________is the major obstacle (障碍) for the two parties in further peace talks. A. conflict B. concept C. commitment D. compromise 55. It was her kindness _______ made a lasting impression on everyone she met. A. which B. what C. that D. when 56. I failed in the final examination last term and only then_____ the importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 第二节 用所给单词的正确形式完成下列句子, 每个单词只能用一次, 其中有三个多余选项。 用所给单词的正确形式完成下列句子, 每个单词只能用一次, 其中有三个多余选项。 endanger legal aware restore stress out involve propose recyclable informative waste 57. Every year the education sector launches many programs to promote the youth’s environmental __________. 58. The society was set up to preserve ___________ species from dying out. 59. Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America ___________. 60. To help the birds survive, people ___________ their habitats and removing small animals that hunt them, such as mice and cats from the islands where they live. 61. How often do we arrive at work or school, ___________, tired and angry? 62. Fully ___________ in caring homeless animals, she has taken a vet as her career. 63. Many companies are taking steps to reduce ___________ behaviors in order to promote sustainability and improve their overall efficiency. 第五部分：书面表达（20分） 64. 假设你是李华，学校为了进一步贯彻落实“Green Campus”的理念，向学生征集意见和建议，并进行相应的改善。请你投稿，介绍校园里的不环保现象并提出解决方案。主要内容包括： （1）不环保现象； （2）解决方案； 注意：词数不少于100。 Dear School Administration, I am writing to___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市第八中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试 英语 (考试时间100分钟, 满分120分) 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分） 第一节 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Production of bottled water has grown over the past thirty years from nothing into a $16 billion-per-year business. However, more and more people have been against bottled water use, and environmentalists are ___1___ people to go back to the tap. The first reason why you should seriously think about ___2___ bottled water, they say, is that it’s bad for the environment. Producing plastic bottles ___3___ vast quantities of oil. As a result, factories create poisonous waste and send it into the environment. What is more, the vast majority of plastic water bottles aren’t ___4___. In almost every part of the world, unwanted water bottles take up landfills and send dangerous gases into air and water when they are burned. In other words, bottled water is a major ___5___ to global warming. Secondly, the ___6___ of bottled water requires a lot of fuel. In the USA alone, one billion bottles of water are moved around each week in trucks, giving off polluting gases. In fact, some high-priced water is ___7___ from one side of the planet to the other. Finally, bottled water isn’t even better for your health. Tap water rules in many countries are far ___8___ than those for bottled water. Furthermore, tap water contains fluoride, which is added to help build strong teeth and prevent tooth decay(龋齿). Consequently, as the use of bottled water has ___9___, tooth decay has become more serious. To sum up, by stopping the use of bottled water, and encouraging others to do so, you will be doing the planet an enormous _____10_____ and  benefiting your own health as well. 1. A. allowing B. training C. calling on D. commanding 2. A. giving up B. turning to C. preparing for D. believing in 3. A. creates B. attracts C. requires D. shares 4. A. sold B. recycled C. found D. limited 5. A. answer B. solution C. contributor D. service 6. A. test B. design C. competition D. transportation 7. A. shipped B. wasted C. developed D. collected 8. A. older B. fewer C. stricter D. simpler 9. A. dropped B. changed C. increased D. disappointed 10. A. contribution B. favor C. help D. assistance 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了人们应该停止使用瓶装水的原因，包括对环境的危害、运输过程中的能源消耗以及对健康并非更有益等方面，呼吁人们回归使用自来水。 【1题详解】 考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：然而，越来越多人反对使用瓶装水，环保主义者正在呼吁人们回归使用自来水。A. allowing允许；B. training训练；C. calling on呼吁；D. commanding命令。根据上文“more and more people have been against bottled water use”可知上文说的是越来越多的人反对使用瓶装水，可推理出环保主义者应是呼吁人们不再使用瓶装水，故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们说，你应该认真考虑放弃瓶装水的第一个原因是它对环境有害。A. giving up放弃；B. turning to转向，求助于；C. preparing for为……做准备；D. believing in相信。根据上文“more and more people have been against bottled water use”可知上文说的是越来越多的人反对使用瓶装水，可推理出这里是说要考虑放弃使用瓶装水，故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：生产塑料瓶需要大量的石油。A. creates创造；B. attracts吸引；C. requires需要；D. shares分享。根据下文“As a result, factories create poisonous waste and send it into the environment”可知工厂制造出有毒废物并排放到环境中，可推理出生产塑料瓶会带来一些环境问题，而这是在生产过程中需要大量石油的情况下产生的，也就是说生产塑料瓶对石油有需求，故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，绝大多数塑料水瓶没有被回收利用。A. sold出售；B. recycled回收利用；C. found发现；D. limited限制。根据下文“In almost every part of the world, unwanted water bottles take up landfills and send dangerous gases into air and water when they are burned”可知在世界几乎每个地方，不需要的水瓶占据着垃圾填埋场，并且在燃烧时会向空气和水中排放危险气体，这些水瓶没有得到合理的处理，而是被丢弃或焚烧了，由此可推断出它们没有被回收利用，故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，瓶装水是全球变暖的一个主要促成因素。A. answer答案；B. solution解决方案；C. contributor促成因素，贡献者；D. service服务。根据上文“In almost every part of the world, unwanted water bottles take up landfills and send dangerous gases into air and water when they are burned”可知，瓶装水的瓶子在处理过程中会对环境造成危害，从而成为全球变暖的一个影响因素，文中对水瓶处理产生危害的描述可作为瓶装水是全球变暖促成因素的依据，故选C项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，瓶装水的运输需要大量的燃料。A. test测试；B. design设计；C. competition竞争；D. transportation运输。根据下文“In the USA alone, one billion bottles of water are moved around each week in trucks, giving off polluting gases”可知下文提到了每周就有十亿瓶水用卡车运输，可推理出这里讲的是瓶装水在运输过程中的情况，故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，一些高价水是从地球的一端运到另一端。A. shipped运输；B. wasted浪费；C. developed发展；D. collected收集。根据下文“from one side of the planet to the other”可知这里继续在说瓶装水的运输情况，故选 A 项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的自来水规则比瓶装水的规则要严格得多。A. older更旧的；B. fewer更少的；C. stricter更严格的；D. simpler更简单的。根据下文“Furthermore, tap water contains fluoride, which is added to help build strong teeth and prevent tooth decay (龋齿).”可知，自来水在成分等方面有相关规定且有有益添加物，可推断出其规则是比较严格的，文中对自来水有益添加物的描述可作为自来水规则严格的一方面依据，故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，随着瓶装水使用量的增加，龋齿问题变得更加严重。A. dropped下降；B. changed改变；C. increased增加；D. disappointed使失望。根据上文“Finally, bottled water isn’t even better for your health.”以及下文“tooth decay has become more serious”可知，随着瓶装水使用增多，对健康不利的情况更明显，即，龋齿更严重，文中对瓶装水不利于健康及龋齿更严重的描述可作为瓶装水使用量变化趋势的推断依据，故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：总而言之，通过停止使用瓶装水，并鼓励他人也这样做，你将对地球大有裨益，同时也有益于你自己的健康。A. contribution贡献；B. favor恩惠，益处；C. help帮助；D. assistance援助。根据上文“To sum up, by stopping the use of bottled water, and encouraging others to do so”以及下文“benefiting your own health as well”可知，停止使用瓶装水对地球和自身健康都有好处，“benefiting your own health as well”可作为对地球有好处（即做了对地球有益之事）的类比依据，这里 “favor”更符合语境，故选B项。 第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5分，共 15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 ____11____  (live) in the UK for 15 years, Huang Danian moved back to China in 2008. He set up a state-of-the-art lab, sometimes ____12____  (pay) for equipment with his own money. He contributed to the launch of Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2. In 2016, he fainted and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer. ____13____  (trap) in his hospital bed, he still continued his work. He died in January in 2017. More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate a life that burned so bright, but was so short. 【答案】11. Having lived 12. paying 13. Trapped 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了为神舟十一号和天宫二号的发射做出了贡献的黄大年的个人经历。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：黄大年在英国生活了15年，2008年回到中国。live在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且live发生在谓语动词之前，表示已经完成，应用having done形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Having lived。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他建立了一个最先进的实验室，有时还用自己的钱购买设备。pay在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语he构成主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填paying。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他被困在医院的病床上，仍继续工作。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据be trapped in表示“被困”可知，trap与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以此处为过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Trapped。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 During my time in and above the Arizona desert, I learned not only about the mechanics and techniques of aviation, but also about myself and how I see the world. As I floated in that seemingly endless sea of air, I became aware of the _____14_____ (various) and complexity of the humanity below. On the ribbons of roadways, each tiny car carried people with hopes and dreams. I wondered _____15_____ any of those people had ever wished to fly like an eagle. Then I realized that each must have his or her own dreams and ambitions. That’s _____16_____ makes us unique. We try to respond to something special inside us. I also realized that I was especially fortunate to be making my own dream come true. 【答案】14. variety 15. whether##if 16. what 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在亚利桑那沙漠上的经历和感悟。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：当我漂浮在似乎无边无际的空气海洋中时，我意识到下面人类的多样性和复杂性。空处与complexity并列，用名词作宾语。故填variety。 【15题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道这些人有没有想过像鹰一样飞翔。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，表示“是否”用whether或if。故填whether/if。 【16题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这就是我们的独特之处。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，表示物，用连接代词what。故填what。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Over the past five years, China _____17_____ (construct) the world’s largest high-speed rail network, including four rail lines north to south and four lines east to west. The network is spread over 22,000 kilometers, _____18_____ is about 60 percent of the world’s total. Approved by the State Council, a new network, expanded to eight lines for both north to south and east to west, _____19_____ (build) to cover most central and western regions of China. In the near future, when it _____20_____ (complete), the national high-speed railway mileage will reach 45,000 km, double of the present, making more than 200,000 people in the city enjoy the convenience of high-speed trains. 【答案】17. has constructed 18 which 19. is being built 20. is completed##has been completed 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了中国高速铁路网的建设情况。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去的五年里，中国建成了世界上最大的高速铁路网，包括4条南北铁路线和4条东西铁路线。根据Over the past five years可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为 China，谓语为has constructed。故填has constructed。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该网络分布在2.2万公里以上，约占世界总网络的60%。空处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子做主语，关系代词为which，故填which。 【19题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：经国务院批准，一个新的网络，扩大到8条线路，从北向南和从东到西，正在建设中，覆盖中国大部分中西部地区。主语a new network与谓语build为被动关系，且表示正在进行，用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being built。 【20题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在不久的将来，当它（已经）建成时，全国高铁里程将达到4.5万公里，是现在的两倍，使该市超过20万人享受高铁的便利。when引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，且主语it与谓语complete为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，还可以用现在完成时的被动语态，表示“当它（已经）建成时”。 故填is completed/has been completed。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两小节；每小题2分, 共38分） 第一节（共 13 小题；每小题 2 分，共 26 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In the 1990s conservationist Dave Foreman, co-founder of Wild Earth magazine, invented the term “rewilding.” It is defined as “a conservation effort focused on restoring sustainable biodiversity and ecosystem health by protecting core wilderness areas.” In order to achieve that goal, some conservationists are returning native species to the wild and allowing nature to take over previously developed places. Other people, however, believe that rewilding methods can be as basic as planting trees or simply not interfering with the land. In various places around the world, rewilding can be seen with favorable results. In regions of southern Africa, cheetahs and lions have been successfully introduced back into the wild. Ages ago, herds of European bison thundered across Europe. But they were hunted for food and sport until none of these large mammals remained in the wild. Thankfully, Europe’s bison survived because of a captive breeding program. Currently these “ecosystem engineers” are being returned to forests and are transforming the land for the better. Public attitudes toward rewilding are generally positive. In the UK, eighty-two percent of those surveyed indicated that they were in favor of bringing back animals that have disappeared from the wild in their country. When asked which types of animals they wanted most, a solid majority said birds of prey, that is, birds which hunt and feed on smaller animals. Slightly fewer favored introducing wading birds, which make their homes in and near water. In contrast, only one in four favored bringing back brown bears. Just over one-third would like to see wolves introduced into the UK. Nearly half of those surveyed are in favor of bringing back wild cats, such as the Highland tiger, which has nearly disappeared from its native hunting grounds in Scotland. On the other hand, rewilding is also opposed by some people. They fear that the animals could spread diseases or threaten people. Some farmers are also against returning farming areas to their natural state for wild animals to live. According to them, farming areas must be reserved. If it isn’t, food production could be harmed. Scientists and government officials who favor rewilding will have to deal with these concerns. 21. What does this article imply about European bison? A. They provided meat for people in the distant past. B. At one time, they put fear into the hearts of people. C. They prevented people from founding settlements. D. Their skins were used to make clothing for people. 22. According to this article, which of the following is true? A. People generally don’t like the idea of rewilding. B. Rewilding must start on a small scale. C. European bison, after rewilding, caused danger in the ecosystem. D. Rewilded animals are believed by some to pose danger. 23. Look at the following charts. Which chart agrees with the information in the article about the UK survey on rewilding? A. B. C. D. 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了英国人对于重新野化动物的不同看法。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Ages ago, herds of European bison thundered across Europe. But they were hunted for food(很久以前，成群的欧洲野牛轰鸣着穿越欧洲。但是它们被猎杀以此获取食物”可知，欧洲野牛曾被猎杀用于食物。故选A项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“On the other hand, rewilding is also opposed by some people. They fear that the animals could spread diseases or threaten people. Some farmers are also against returning farming areas to their natural state for wild animals to live.(另一方面，野化也遭到一些人的反对。他们担心这些动物会传播疾病或威胁人类。一些农民也反对将农田恢复到野生动物生活的自然状态)”可知，一些人认为重新野化的动物可能带来危险。故选D项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When asked which types of animals they wanted most, a solid majority said birds of prey, that is, birds which hunt and feed on smaller animals. Slightly fewer favored introducing wading birds, which make their homes in and near water. In contrast, only one in four favored bringing back brown bears. Just over one-third would like to see wolves introduced into the UK. Nearly half of those surveyed are in favor of bringing back wild cats, such as the Highland tiger, which has nearly disappeared from its native hunting grounds in Scotland.(当被问及他们最想要哪种动物时，绝大多数人说是猛禽，即以较小动物为食的鸟类。稍微少的人赞成引进水鸟，它们在水里或水附近筑巢。相比之下，只有四分之一的人赞成把棕熊带回来。超过三分之一的人希望看到狼被引入英国。近一半的受访者赞成恢复野猫，比如苏格兰高地虎，这种野猫几乎从苏格兰本土的狩猎场消失了)”可知， 对猛禽支持率最高，其次是水鸟、野猫、狼和棕熊。故选C项。 B Life is just like a box of chocolates and you never know what you're going to get. Sometimes when we are in our darkest hour, something completely unexpected happens that can give us a little bit of hope and comfort. Jessica was a healthy woman. One day, while she was working on a brilliant idea that suddenly struck her, which she thought would be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem she was working on, she suddenly lost consciousness. After she was rushed to the hospital, her heart rate slowed by nearly 50 percent. It took nine days for doctors to concentrate on what was causing her problem. After several weeks, Jessica was still stiff from head to foot, but luckily, she was able to move her lips. Staff noticed this and introduced Jessica to Consuelo Gonzalez, a professional lip reader. Consuelo can understand what people are saying by the shape their lips make. She can also understand how annoying it is not to be able to communicate because she has been completely deaf since the age of 8. For a few hours each week, Jessica could have long conversations with Consuelo, diving into the ocean of words she dearly missed. Through Consuelo, Jessica asked the doctors and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to. She also talked to Consuelo about the vivid dreams she was mixing up with reality. In fact, there are other ways for Consuelo to earn a living by reading lips, but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from reality is the most rewarding way she can use her unique skill. “What is really wonderful, without doubt, is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings. That’s what feels best: Love.” After four and a half months in the hospital, Jessica finally recovered. Consuelo was there, holding Jessica’s hands. Jessica eventually went back to work as a math professor. After her experience she wrote a new living will. One thing she added is that if she ever becomes incapacitated like this again, she is never to be left alone. 24. Why does the author mention a box of chocolates in the first paragraph? A. To present an argument. B. To make a comparison. C. To introduce a topic. D. To give an example. 25. How can we describe Consuelo Gonzalez? ______ A. Friendly and cautious. B. Brave and creative. C. Kind and caring. D. Determined and humorous. 26. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage? A. Love can make people no longer alone facing difficulties. B. Creating communication between human beings is rewarding. C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself. D. Love is key to the attainment of others’ respect. 【答案】24. C 25. C 26. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了有一天，身体健康的杰西卡突然生病导致只有嘴唇能动，后来在专业唇读师康斯韦洛·冈萨雷斯的帮助下，最终康复的故事。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Life is just like a box of chocolates and you never know what you're going to get. Sometimes when we are in our darkest hour, something completely unexpected happens that can give us a little bit of hope and comfort. (生活就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道下一个是什么味道。有时候，当我们处于最黑暗的时刻，一些完全意想不到的事情会发生，给我们一点希望和安慰。)”以及下文内容可推知，作者在第一段提到一盒巧克力是为了引入一个话题。故选C项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“In fact, there are other ways for Consuelo to earn a living by reading lips, but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from reality is the most rewarding way she can use her unique skill. “What is really wonderful, without doubt, is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings. That’s what feels best: Love.” (事实上，康斯韦洛还有其他靠读唇为生的方法，但她说，帮助病人区分噩梦和现实是她能运用自己独特技能的最有价值的方法。“毫无疑问，真正奇妙的是能够使用这种技能来创造治疗，并在人类之间建立沟通。这就是感觉最好的东西：爱。”)”以及最后一段中“After four and a half months in the hospital, Jessica finally recovered. Consuelo was there, holding Jessica’s hands. (在医院住了四个半月后，杰西卡终于康复了。康斯韦洛也在那儿，握着杰西卡的手。)”可知，康斯韦洛在医院里一直陪伴着杰西卡，直到她康复。由此可推知，康斯韦洛·冈萨雷斯是一个既善良又有爱心的人。故选C项。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段中““What is really wonderful, without doubt, is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings. That’s what feels best: Love.” (毫无疑问，真正奇妙的是能够使用这种技能来创造治疗，并在人类之间建立沟通。这就是感觉最好的东西：爱。)”以及最后一段中“One thing she added is that if she ever becomes incapacitated like this again, she is never to be left alone. (她补充说，如果她再次像这样失去行动能力，她永远不会被单独留下。)”可知，文章讲述了杰西卡在既善良又有爱心的康斯韦洛·冈萨雷斯的帮助下，克服困难，最终康复的故事。由此可知，A项Love can make people no longer alone facing difficulties. (爱可以使人不再独自面对困难)能最好地概括文章中的信息。故选A项。 C As we prepare learners with the skills needed for the 21st century there is a greater desire to further integrate technology into our classrooms. Whether it’s a K-12 or college classroom, it’s rare to find an environment that does not integrate technology in some form or another. In some cases, online learning has replaced the physical classroom altogether. As educators, we owe it to ourselves and our students to use these benefits. However, while technology offers significant advantages, simply integrating it as an alternative source of delivery or as another means for students to demonstrate their comprehension is not an effective practice. We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided. These resources are just instruments and require high-quality guided practice from instructors. These instruments, combined with guidance, can afford good instruction, practice and motivation. While technology can positively impact learning outcomes, it may be even more effective for some students if it’s instructor-led and integrated into a well-designed curriculum(课程). Technology is rapidly changing the educational environment and challenging students to adapt accordingly. It can frustrate students of different generations struggling to learn how to use a learning platform in addition to picking up the actual subject. Some may wonder, “Why should I waste time learning how to create a podcast(播客) when I could simply write the paper?” It’s a reasonable question. We must not assume students who were raised using technology are always comfortable learning with these tools. A study found that because of tools some students may not have experience using, they may need more direction on how to apply these tools. Students may struggle if an instructor neglects to teach the conceptual basis of the tools. Technology may mean little without appropriate objectives and goals for its use, structures for its application, and trained deliverers. Educators are also tasked with providing students the skills they need to flourish in a highly competitive and technologically-based workplace. Many of the skills obtained through online classes are valuable professional skills. Students taught how to use multiple learning technologies effectively have a competitive advantage over those who are simply using technology as a method of delivery in the online classroom. Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content, but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms. Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators. 27. What is important to the learning technology? A. Instruction and revision. B. Comprehension and application. C. Guidance and arrangements. D. Diversity and flexibility. 28. According to the passage, what should an educator do? A. Arrange online assignment for students. B. Help students master online technology. C. Prepare students with rules in the workplace. D. Notify students of the value of the learning tool. 29. What’s the author’s attitude toward learning technology? A Critical. B. Unconcerned. C. Wait-and-see. D. Approving. 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Does Technology Boost Educational Effectiveness? B. Is the Learning Technology a Tool or an Opportunity? C. Can Technology Put an End to Traditional Classrooms? D. Does the Learning Skill Outweigh the Learning Content? 【答案】27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章描述了技术给教育领域带来的影响，并且提出如果二者能合理恰当地平衡、结合，就能使教育工作变得更加高效。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句和最后一句“We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided.”“While technology can positively impact learning outcomes, it may be even more effective for some students if it’s instructor-led and integrated into a well-designed curriculum(课程).”可知，教育技术一方面应当处于指导之下，另外也要与精心安排的课程相结合。故选C项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content, but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms. Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.”和整篇文章可知，教会学生们线上技术不仅帮助他们学到各科内容，也能发展个人技能，还可以使得教学工作进展得更加顺畅，这正是身为从教者应当去做的事情。故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。从全文最后一句“Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.”可知，作者认为如果正确合理地利用教育技术，益处是非常明显的，也就是对于教育技术持赞同态度。故选D项。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章主要阐述合理地结合教育与技术能提升教育的效率，A选项与文章最后一句贴合。故选A项。 D We have been defending humanities for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly putting humanities departments on the chopping block. As a humanist, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one. In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not — and cannot be — conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know. Nonetheless, we should be alert to the danger of becoming accustomed to putting our worst foot forward. An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind. A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight sexism or to promote democracy—and everyone agrees that sexism is bad, and democracy is good — then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy. Politicization is a way of arming the humanities for its political battles, but it comes at an intellectual cost. Why is sexism so bad? Why is democracy so good? Politicization silences these and other questions, whereas the function of the humanities is to raise them. Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. If at some point I am called on to defend the study of Homer or Descartes at some official hearing, I will do my best, but I will not run to battle; the battle will have to come to me. The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit that animates us to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible. 31. What is the author’s main concern regarding the crisis in humanities? A. The pressure on humanists to argue for the value of their disciplines. B. The mounting political scrutiny faced by humanities departments. C. People’s little knowledge regarding the purpose of humanities. D. Students’ lack of interest in studying humanities courses. 32. What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. immune. B. relevant. C. sensitive. D. contrary. 33. What can be inferred about a defensive mindset? A. It brings about a lower chance of survival for humanities. B. It requires a reflective mood on the study of humanities. C. It leads to a compromise on human’s intellectual depth. D. It is the worst action to take in the face of the crisis. 34. Which of the following might the author most probably agree? A. The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight. B. The future of humanities remains cloudy. C. Science is more useful than humanities. D. Humanities may not need any defense. 【答案】31. A 32. D 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人文学科所面临的危机，以及对人文学科的辩护。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question.(并非只有人文主义者对自己学科的目的一无所知。但科学家们在解释它们为什么存在的压力要小得多，因为整个社会都相信自己已经找到了这个问题的答案)”可知，科学家们的压力要比人文主义者的压力小，因为他们在解释自己学科目的的压力要比人文主义者解释自己学科目的的压力小，所以人文学科危机的主要关注点是人文主义者为他们学科的价值而争论的压力。故选A。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not — and cannot be — conducted in an inquisitive spirit, (相比之下，为人文学科辩护不是——也不可能——以一种好奇的精神进行的)”可推知，辩护精神和好奇精神应该是对立的，所以划线词意思是“对立的，相反的”，与contrary意思一致。故选D。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know.(必须承认，当砧板被拿出来，你需要解释为什么你不应该在砧板上时，防御性是一种可以理解的反应，这需要参与者假装知道他们实际上不知道的事情)”和第四段中的“An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind.(紧迫的气氛和立即采取行动的呼吁对文学和哲学等需要反思情绪的研究领域是敌对的，假装知道自己实际上不知道的东西对需要开放心态的探究形式是敌对的。)”可知，参与者假装知道他们实际上不知道的事情，这与人文学科需要开放心态的探究形式相敌对，由此可推测出，防御心态可导致人类智力深度的妥协。故选C。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“And when we let ourselves be ourselves, when we allow the humanistic spirit that animates us to flow out not only into our classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible.(当我们让自己成为自己，当我们让激励我们人文精神不仅流入我们的课堂，而且流入我们的公开自我展示时，我们发现我们不需要捍卫或证明任何事情：我们是不可抗拒的。)”可知，作者认为人文学科可能不需要任何辩护。故选D。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do, but like many products, they take a huge amount of energy to produce.____35____For example, they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting. While domestic growing doesn’t involve the same carbon footprint as commercial growing, it’s important to consider what we can all do to minimize our own impact while still enjoying growing plants. Over-consumption of plants is a big issue. It’s so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants, and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them.____36____ The more plants you have, the more limited your time and resources become, and plants can suffer. This leads to another issue-many people may end up throwing away their plants which don’t look perfect or stop flowering, in a similar way to the world of fast fashion. ____37____. If you are ready and able to increase your collection, propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more, and share plants with others. ____38____Meanwhile, we can build a community of like-minded, passionate plant people. Recycling takes a huge amount of input, which can end up more damaging to the environment, so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year, buy fewer things of a higher quality. ____39____And they can be passed down the generations. A. But large collections call for an enormous amount of work. B. Many commercial growers continue to market their produce. C. This removes the need to buy plants and encourages a sharing culture. D. These will last many years and be more cost-effective in the long term. E. So it’s important to assess your collection and buy plants you have time to look after. F. Throwing them away will greatly reduce your gardening footprint on the environment. G. Many large-scale growers have used technology to minimize their impact on the environment. 【答案】35. G 36. A 37. E 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了植物过度消耗所带来的危害，以及我们该如何做。 【35题详解】 上文“Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do, but like many products, they take a huge amount of energy to produce.(种植植物通常被认为是一件非常“绿色”的事情，但是像许多产品一样，它们需要大量的能量来生产。)”提到种植植物需要大量的能量，下文“For example, they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting.(例如，他们利用地热能加热温室，利用太阳能供应电力和照明。)”举例说明种植者是如何减少种植对环境的影响，G项“许多大规模种植者已经使用技术来尽量减少对环境的影响。”符合，下文的“They”代指选项中的“Many large-scale growers”，故选G。 【36题详解】 上文“It’s so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants, and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them.(当你看到这些令人难以置信的植物时，你很容易过度兴奋，最后你可能会带回家大量的植物。)”提到将大量植物带回家，下文“The more plants you have, the more limited your time and resources become, and plants can suffer.(你拥有的植物越多，你的时间和资源就会变得越有限，植物就会受到伤害)”指出将大量植物带回家所产生的不好结果，即为什么不要将大量植物带回家，由此可知，空处引起下文，和上文是转折关系，也是指出为什么不要将大量植物带回家，A项“但是大量的植物收藏需要大量的工作。”符合，下文对此进行进一步解释，故选A。 【37题详解】 上文“This leads to another issue-many people may end up throwing away their plants which don’t look perfect or stop flowering, in a similar way to the world of fast fashion. (这就引出了另一个问题——许多人可能最终会抛弃那些看起来不完美的植物，或者停止开花，就像快时尚界一样。)”可知，将大量植物带回家的结果是最终会抛弃那些看起来不完美的植物，空处对本段进行总结，告诉我们正确的做法是什么，E项“因此，重要的是评估你的收集且购买你有时间照顾的植物。”故选E。 【38题详解】 上文“If you are ready and able to increase your collection, propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more, and share plants with others. (如果你已经准备好并且能够增加你的收藏，那么你要用你自己的植物繁殖更多的植物而不是购买更多，并且与他人分享植物。)”提到要用自己的植物繁殖，并且与他人分享，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，C项“这消除了购买植物的需要，鼓励了一种分享文化。”符合，上文中的“share plants with others”呼应选项中的“a sharing culture”，故选C。 【39题详解】 上文“Recycling takes a huge amount of input, which can end up more damaging to the environment, so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year, buy fewer things of a higher quality.(回收需要大量的投入，这最终可能对环境造成更大的破坏，所以与其买一些质量较差的东西，每年都需要更换，不如少买一些质量较高的东西。)”指出与其买一些质量较差的东西，每年都需要更换，不如少买一些质量较高的东西，空处承接上文，解释了这么做的原因，D项“这些东西将持续多年，而且从长远来看更具成本效益。”符合，“These”代指上文“buy fewer things of a higher quality”，故选D。 第三部分 阅读表达（共12分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 40. According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? _________________________________________________ 41. What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? _________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. _________________________________________________ 43. Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 41. It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 42. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 43. 1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述庆祝别人的胜利会给自己带来好处，这种行为也被称为“freudenfreude”。文章解释了freudenfreude的好处以及影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us.(这就是科学家们所说的“freudenfreude”，意思是在别人的成功中找到快乐，即使这与我们没有直接关系)”可知，Freudenfreude是指从别人的成功中寻找快乐，即使这并不直接涉及到我们自己。故答案为Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict.(2021年的一项研究调查了freudenfreude在日常生活中的作用，发现它可以提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作)”可知，Freudenfreude能提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作。故答案为It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy.(此外，心理健康也会影响你参与他人快乐的能力)”可知，错误部分为“physical health”，心理健康会影响你参与他人快乐的能力。故答案为Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“除了文章中提到的乔治的经历，请描述一个你的freudenfreude的经历”可回答：1)去年，在接力赛中，我的队伍被我朋友的队伍打败了，一开始我有点嫉妒。然而，看到他脸上兴奋的表情，我也和他一起庆祝。当我们一起庆祝时，我们意识到分享快乐的力量。 2)当我的朋友被她梦寐以求的学校录取时，我感到freudenfreude。虽然我还在为期末考试而挣扎，不知道我的未来会怎样，但我还是对她的成功表示了诚挚的祝贺。这加强了我们之间的联系，促进了相互支持和鼓励。 故答案为1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 第四部分：词汇（共两节；每小题1分，共20 分） 第一节 根据语境选出可以填入句子空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 44. The Government will force companies to ________ any possible measures to reduce air pollution. A. adjust B. adopt C. adapt D. accept 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府将强制公司采取一切可能的措施减少空气污染。A. adjust调整；B. adopt采取；C. adapt使适应；D. accept接收。根据空后“any possible measures”可知，此处指采取一切可能的措施。故选B。 45. The use of water is becoming tense in north China and the government _____ that we should save water in our daily life. A. admits B. acknowledges C. advocates D. adores 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国北方的用水情况正变得紧张，政府倡导我们在日常生活中应该节约用水。A. admits 承认；B. acknowledges 承认，致谢；C. advocates 倡导，提倡；D. adores 喜爱，崇拜。根据上文“The use of water is becoming tense in north China(中国北方的用水情况正变得紧张)”可知因为用水紧张，所以政府应该是“倡导”人们节约用水。故选C项。 46. When is the best time to my employer about an increase in salary? A. appeal B. appreciate C. applaud D. approach 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：什么时候是向我的雇主要求加薪的最佳时机？A. appeal呼吁； B. appreciate欣赏；C. applaud鼓掌；D. approach接洽，要求。根据my employer about an increase in salary可知，句意表示“什么时候是向我的雇主要求加薪的最佳时机”。故选D项。 47. The problem has simply because you didn’t follow the instructions in the handbook. A. assessed B. arisen C. annoyed D. arranged 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：问题的出现仅仅是因为你没有按照手册中的说明进行操作。A. assessed评估；B. arisen 出现；C. annoyed惹恼；D. arranged 管理；筹备。主语the problem与B项arisen（出现）搭配符合句意，故选B项。 48. It is said that dogs will keep you ________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. accompany B. companionship C. companion D. company 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说，当你感到孤独的时候，只要你想，狗就会陪伴你。A. accompany陪伴，动词；B. companionship陪伴，友谊，名词；C. companion伙伴，名词；D. company陪伴，动词。keep sb company为固定搭配，意为“陪伴某人”。故选D。 49. The job is ________ to me because I have little experience. However, it is also rewarding. A. challenging B. boring C. bitter D. contradictory 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这份工作对我来说很有挑战性，因为我没什么经验。然而，它也是有回报的。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. boring无聊的；C. bitter苦的；D. contradictory矛盾的。根据“because I have little experience(因为我没什么经验)”可知，由于缺乏经验，所以这份工作做起来会有困难，是具有挑战性的，故选A项。 50. The weather here is too _______ and it can rain at any moment. Why not bring an umbrella? A. comfortable B. consistent C. changeable D. bitter 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这里的天气多变，随时都可能下雨。为什么不带把伞呢？A. comfortable舒服的；B. consistent一致的，始终如一的；C. changeable多变的；D. bitter痛苦的。根据“it can rain at any moment”可知，此处指天气是多变的。故选C。 51. The computer system____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A. broke out B. broke in C. broke up D. broke down 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当他在网上搜索信息时，计算机系统突然崩溃了。A. broke out战争或自然灾害等突然爆发；B. broke in闯入；C. broke up分手、分解；D. broke down抛锚。根据句意可知，选择D最为恰当，表示系统崩溃。故选D项。 52. If children were not told and shown how to ________ politely, they might grow up rough and rude like savages (野人). A. blame B. behave C. betray D. bow 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果孩子们没有被告知并示范如何礼貌地待人接物，他们长大后可能会变得粗鲁无礼，就像野人一样。A. blame责备；B. behave表现，举止；C. betray背叛；D. bow鞠躬。根据“they might grow up rough and rude like savages (野人)”可知，此处指要示范如何礼貌地待人接物的举止。故选B。 53. Typing is considered by most employers to be a basic ________. A. contribution B. congratulation C. competence D. command 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：打字被大多数雇主认为是一项基本能力。A. contribution贡献；B. congratulation 祝贺；C. competence能力；D. command命令。打字是一种能力，C项符合句意，故选C项。 54. Refusal to ________is the major obstacle (障碍) for the two parties in further peace talks. A. conflict B. concept C. commitment D. compromise 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：拒绝妥协是双方继续和谈的主要障碍。A. conflict斗争；B. concept概念；C. commitment承诺；D. compromise妥协。根据后文提到的障碍，可知此处是拒绝妥协，D项符合句意，故选D项。 55. It was her kindness _______ made a lasting impression on everyone she met. A. which B. what C. that D. when 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是她的善良给她遇到的每一个人留下了深刻的印象。本句为强调句型的结构为it is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其他部分。在题干中，her kindness是被强调的部分，因此用that引导强调句。选项C。 56. I failed in the final examination last term and only then_____ the importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查only的部分倒装。句意：在上学期的期末考试中我没有及格，就在那时我才意识到学习的重要性。Only引导的部分倒装要满足两个条件：only放在句首，且强调的是状语。根据句意可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故选D。 第二节 用所给单词的正确形式完成下列句子, 每个单词只能用一次, 其中有三个多余选项。 用所给单词的正确形式完成下列句子, 每个单词只能用一次, 其中有三个多余选项。 endanger legal aware restore stress out involve propose recyclable informative waste 57. Every year the education sector launches many programs to promote the youth’s environmental __________. 58. The society was set up to preserve ___________ species from dying out. 59. Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America ___________. 60. To help the birds survive, people ___________ their habitats and removing small animals that hunt them, such as mice and cats from the islands where they live. 61. How often do we arrive at work or school, ___________, tired and angry? 62. Fully ___________ in caring homeless animals, she has taken a vet as her career. 63. Many companies are taking steps to reduce ___________ behaviors in order to promote sustainability and improve their overall efficiency. 【答案】57. awareness 58. endangered 59. illegally 60. are restoring 61. stressed out 62. involved 63. wasteful 【解析】 【57题详解】 考查名词。句意：教育部门每年发起许多项目以提高年轻人的环境意识。名词作宾语，awareness“意识”符合句意。故填awareness。 【58题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该协会的成立是为了保护濒危物种免于灭绝。根据下文“from dying out”可知，该协会的成立是为了保护濒危物种免于灭绝。形容词endangered“濒危的”作定语。故填endangered。 【59题详解】 考查副词。句意：昨天两人在巴黎机场因非法将动物从南美带入欧洲被捕。副词作状语，illegally“非法地”符合句意。故填illegally。 【60题详解】 考查时态。句意：为了帮助鸟类生存，人们正在恢复它们的栖息地，并将捕食它们的小动物，如老鼠和猫从它们居住的岛屿上移走。根据下文“removing small animals that hunt them, such as mice and cats from the islands where they live.”可知，人们正在恢复它们的栖息地。本句为现在进行时。restore“恢复”符合句意。故填are restoring。 【61题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：我们有多少次带着压力、疲惫和愤怒去上班或上学？根据下文“tired and angry?”可知 ，stressed out“有压力的”符合句意，形容词短语作状语。故填stressed out。 【62题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她全身心地投入到照顾无家可归的动物中，并把兽医作为自己的职业。根据下文“she has taken a vet as her career”可知，她全身心地投入到照顾无家可归的动物中。be involved in参与；投入，为固定短语，本句为过去分词作状语。故填involved。 【63题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多公司正在采取措施减少浪费行为，以促进可持续发展，提高整体效率。形容词作定语，wasteful“浪费的”符合句意。故填wasteful。 第五部分：书面表达（20分） 64. 假设你是李华，学校为了进一步贯彻落实“Green Campus”的理念，向学生征集意见和建议，并进行相应的改善。请你投稿，介绍校园里的不环保现象并提出解决方案。主要内容包括： （1）不环保现象； （2）解决方案； 注意：词数不少于100。 Dear School Administration, I am writing to___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear School Administration, I am writing to shed light on certain non-environmentally friendly practices on our campus and suggest ways to address them in alignment with the “Green Campus” initiative. One prevalent non-environmentally friendly phenomenon on our campus is the excessive use of disposable plastic water bottles. Every day, numerous plastic bottles are discarded, contributing to plastic pollution and harming our environment. To tackle this issue, we can implement several solutions. Firstly, installing water refill stations across campus can encourage students to use reusable water bottles, reducing the reliance on single-use plastics. Secondly, organizing awareness campaigns and educational workshops can educate students about the detrimental effects of plastic pollution and promote sustainable alternatives. By adopting these measures, we can significantly reduce our environmental footprint and progress towards a greener campus environment. Thank you for considering these suggestions for a more sustainable future. Sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校为了进一步贯彻落实 “Green Campus”的理念，向学生征集意见和建议，并进行相应的改善。请你投稿，介绍校园里的不环保现象并提出解决方案。 【详解】1.词汇积累 伤害：harm→do harm to 处理：tackle→deal with 鼓励：encourage→motivate 减少：reduce→lessen 2.句式拓展 改强调句型 原句：By adopting these measures, we can significantly reduce our environmental footprint and progress towards a greener campus environment. 拓展句：It is by adopting these measures that we can significantly reduce our environmental footprint and progress towards a greener campus environment. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To tackle this issue, we can implement several solutions. (运用了动词不定式作状语) [高分句型2] Firstly, installing water refill stations across campus can encourage students to use reusable water bottles, reducing the reliance on single-use plastics. (运用了动名词作主语和现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$