精品解析：河南省信阳高级中学北湖校区2024-2025学年高二上期10月测试英语试题

河南省信阳高级中学北湖校区 2024-2025学年高二上期10月测试 英语试题 分值：150分 时间：120分钟 注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 一、单词汉译英、英译汉(共20小题;每小题1.5分，共30分) 汉译英 1. c________ adj.确信的，信服的 2. p________ n.制作人，制片人 3. u________ adj.广泛适用的；共同的；普遍的 4. a________ adv.偶然地，意外地 5. i________ n.感染；传染 6. a________ vt.宣布，宣告 7. b________ vi.流血，出血 8. p________ adv.可能地，潜在地 9. .i________ vi.交流；交往；相互作用 10. h________ adj.幽默的，诙谐的 英译汉 11. imitate vt. ________ 12. consume vt. ________ 13. casually adv. ________ 14. consultation n. ________ 15. physical adj. ________ 16. incorporate vt. ________ 17. nationality n. ________ 18. contemporary adj. ________ 19 academic adj. ________ 20. idiom n. ________ 二、阅读理解(共两节，共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A Rock climbing, one of the fastest growing sports, not only builds physical strength and mental focus, but also leads you to some beautiful places．Here are some climbing spots for climbers． Acadia National Park, Maine This popular New England park is one of the few places where you can climb seaside rocks．The granite（花岗岩）is good for climbing．In some areas, you need to start when the sea is at its lowest level．The area has guides, instructors and climbing schools, making it particularly welcoming for beginners． More information: nps.gov/acad Red River Gorge, Kentucky This geological area in Daniel Boone National Forest is prized for its climbing routes and rock scenery．The park, located an hour's drive southeast of Lexington, is well known in the climbing world for both beginner-friendly terrain（地形）and more challenging sections．It's a place where you can find a lot of fellow climbers． More information: fs.usda.gov/recarea City of Rocks, Idaho This national reserve near the Utah border is worth a trip for the scenery alone．Named by gold miners heading to California in 1849, its granite looks like skyscrapers, towering 600 feet above the ground．It's a fascinating area from a geologic and geographic angle．Many visitors come for August's Idaho Mountain Festival, a celebration of climbing with top athletes in attendance． More information: nps.gov/ciro Earth Treks Englewood, Colorado While you can find climbing gyms across the country, this one just south of Denver is worth a special trip．With 53,000 square feet, the massive facility has a special rock climbing area, a group of guides and even extras like childcare and yoga． More information: earthtreksclimbing.com/englewood 21. What is special about Acadia National Park? A. It has good climbing routes． B. It's located in a coastal area． C. It provides a free guided trip． D. It's intended for beginners． 22. What can you do in City of Rocks? A. Meet many gold miners． B. Enjoy the view from a tower． C. Go to a festival in August． D. Get trained in a climbing gym． 23. Which of the following favors a parent with a child? A. Acadia National Park． B. Red River Gorge． C. City of Rocks． D. Earth Treks Englewood． B Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and language problems later in life. According to the study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, there is a unique antioxidant (抗氧化物质) present in mushrooms that helps protect certain brain functions. Researchers observed 663 Chinese adults aged over 60 whose diets and lifestyles were tracked from 2011 to 2017. In the study, the participants were asked how often they ate six different types of mushrooms: oyster, shiitake, white button, dried, golden and tinned. The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCi) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share. MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space. Changes in behavior can be not very noticeable and not serious enough to be known as dementia (痴呆). Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed. The advantage was reportedly more apparent in those who ate more than two shares a week or more than 300 grams. The scientists pointed out, however, that they have yet to put up a direct link between the fungi and brain function. The researchers also acknowledged that since this study mainly relied on self-reported information on mushroom intake and other dietary factors (因素), further studies may be required. Still, the lead study author Lei Feng is encouraged by their findings. “This correlation is surprising and encouraging,” Lei said. Mushrooms are one of the richest dietary sources of ergothioneine — a matter which humans can’t make on our own. 24. What are the findings in paragraph 3 about? A. Diets and lifestyles. B. The percent of MCI. C. The types of mushrooms. D. The benefit of eating mushrooms. 25. What can we know about MCI? A. It can strengthen memory. B. It can result in language problems. C. It can make people get lost. D. It can lessen the chance of forgetfulness. 26. What is the result if students often eat more mushrooms? A. They will take the exams much more easily B. Their academic performance improves greatly C. Their thinking ability is better than the majority D They will love communicating with others. 27. Where does the text most probably appear? A. Scientific fiction. B. An advertisement. C. A science report. D. Adult literature. C Microscopic particles (微观粒子) from outer space are also called space dust. They’re in the dirt on the ground and on your roof. They may discomfort your nose. They have settled all over our planet. Despite their widespread presence, finding space dust isn’t easy. One place that the particles show up more easily is Antarctica. Around a decade ago, Matthew Genge at Imperial College London spent seven weeks searching for and collecting dust there. The disadvantage of collecting dust from Antarctica is the high cost and complications of travelling there That’s why Penny Wozniakiewicz of the University of Kent in the UK has focused on her research closer to home. The key is to collect material from a fairly undisturbed spot. She seeks the rooftops of old buildings in the UK as the source of her samples. She focuses on these roofs because they are old and more untouched than modern buildings. What’s more, historic buildings usually have well-kept records that indicate when conservation and cleaning have been done. That makes it easier to determine how long space dust has been collected and gives researchers insight into what other particles might be present in the dust they collect. This allows them to more efficiently remove the Earth stuff, and focus on the space stuff. “The idea is to actually take something you can barely see on your finger, and then make it much bigger so you can hold it in your hand,” says Wozniakiewicz. Each year, approximately 100 billion particles of space dust land on Earth, carrying secrets from outer space and offering glimpses into the formation of planetary systems. These particles not only contain water but also organic molecules (有机分子); they potentially serve as the building blocks for life on Earth. Space dust could, therefore, tell scientists about the complex relationship between these celestial bodies (天体) and Earth. It acts as a bridge, connecting us to the wider space. 28. What do we know about space dust? A. There is much space dust in the UK. B. It shows up more easily in Antarctica. C. Space dust is easy to collect everywhere. D. Space dust contains only organic molecules. 29. Why does Wozniakiewicz choose to do the research near her home? A. She doesn’t want to be too far away from home. B. She wants to collect dust from modern buildings. C. Travelling to Antarctica is expensive and complicated. D. A fairly undisturbed spot couldn’t be found in Antarctica. 30. What’s the purpose of “records” for the study in paragraph 4? A. To uncover the secret of outer space. B. To make collecting Earth stuff easier. C. To help researchers find out space stuff. D. To show how often buildings were cleaned. 31. What’s the best title of the text? A. How space dust comes into being B. An extraordinary exploration to outer space C. The relationship between space and humans D. Space dust bridges outer space and humans D Are you eyebrow blind? TikTok users seem to think so — many have complained on the platform about makeup (化妆品) wearers’ apparent inability to spot whether they’re blindly following makeup trends or wearing what looks good on their faces. Though “eyebrow blindness’ and other types of “beauty blindness” aren’t exactly considered mental health trouble, people’s tendency to follow trends — even when they look silly or take risks doing so — is definitely a real phenomenon. So, what does psychology say bout tend following? Fist following rends isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental health trouble. Instead, says psychologist Pamela B Rutledge, it’s perfectly normal. The reason for trend following relates to humans core need to belong to a social group and comet with others. Multiple psychological frameworks argue that human connections are as important as basics like access to food and shelter because humans evolved to rely on one another for survival. But why do trends themselves have such a pull? “Our brains are hardwired to notice what’s unusual,” Rutledge says. Thus, we notice outliers and attention-grabbers, making trends even more appealing for those bold enough to follow them. No one is exempt from following crazes (狂热), noticing trends, or signaling their real belonging to social groups. But one group in particular is even easier to follow trends — even risky ones: Tweens, teens, and young adults. As children start the road toward adult independence, they look for ways to express their individuality. This can produce sometimes desperate attempts to prove affliation(隶属关系) with socially credible in-groups and can fuel desire to stand out with the help of trends. So, next time you put on makeup — or get dressed, order a meal in public, or purchase a vehicle — consider that your decision may not be as personalized as you may think. “It’s really just an inborn (天生的) response, one that can be explained by our need to fit in with or stand out from the crowd.” says Rutledge. 32. According to the first paragraph, a beauty blind person might ________. A. oppose makeup trends publicly B. follow makeup trends uncritically C. rely on social media for makeup advice D. take risks with untested beauty products 33. What’s a primary motivation of trend following? A. Financial profit. B. Social connection. C. Artistic expression. D. Character weakness. 34. Which can best replace the underlined words “exempt from” in paragraph 4? A. Free of. B. Engaged in. C. Exposed to. D. Concerned about. 35. What might Rutledge think of trend following? A. It’s a personalized choice. B. It mirrors people’s mental health. C. It results from lack of self-confidence. D. It’s a natural response to social signals. 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分) According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. ___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. ___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.___39___. And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). ___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 第三节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) Harland “Colonel” Sanders was born in 1890. He was left to be the only ____41____ of the house at a young age when his father died, leaving him with a mother and two younger sisters. By the age of 7, he had started ____42____ and soon after, he was working several odd jobs. At the age of 40, he had ____43____ the perfect fried chicken recipe and had even opened a restaurant to ____44____ the high demand for his food. As he was perfecting his chicken, he was ____45____ by a pressure cooker (压力锅) salesman who ____46____ Sanders to invest in his product to help speed along his cooking process. Sanders ____47____ buying 12 pressure cookers, and then he was ready to sell a lot of chicken. At the age of 60, Colonel Sanders decided to ____48____, but because he was not content with ____49____ of his $105 social security checks, he decided to franchise (给予特许经销权) his chicken. He started traveling to different restaurants, cooking his fried chicken at the spot for restaurant owners. If the owners liked the chicken, they would be sold the ____50____. However, Colonel Sanders got ____51____ 1,009 times before he made his first sale. ____52____, Colonel Sanders had 600 franchises selling his ____53____ trademark chicken. In 1976, the Colonel was ____54____ as the world’s second most ____55____ celebrity. 41. A. man B. son C. orphan D. child 42. A. selling B. learning C. cooking D. experimenting 43. A. mastered B. adjusted C. adopted D. bought 44. A. expand B. service C. require D. generate 45. A. cheated B. perceived C. inquired D. approached 46. A. educated B. commanded C. convinced D. promised 47. A. appealed to B. ended up C. subscribed to D. committed to 48. A. escape B. advance C. retire D. challenge 49 A. living off B. leaving out C. settling down D. carrying on 50. A. store B. label C. concept D. recipe 51. A. detected B. defeated C. assessed D. rejected 52. A. Potentially B. Ultimately C. Substantially D. Entirely 53. A. fortune B. unique C. diverse D. identical 54. A. linked B. praised C. ranked D. posed 55. A. generous B. stubborn C. reserved D. recognizable 第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共55分) 第一部分 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stanford University researchers have developed a device called a nature-inspired aerial grasper, or SNAG, which can be attached ___56___ a quadcopter drone (四轴无人机) to give it feet and legs like those of ___57___ eagle. The drone, when ___58___ (equip) with the device, is able to fly around catching and carrying objects and perching (栖息) on various surfaces, according to a Stanford news release dated Sep.1, 2023. But ___59___ (copy) the flexibility of birds wasn’t easy to do. The researchers ___60___ (shoot) videos of small parrots flying back and forth between special perches that contained sensors to measure the physical forces of landing, perching and takeoff. “___61___ surprised us was that they did the same aerial military exercise no matter what surfaces they were landing on,” one of the ___62___ (researcher), William Roderick, explained in the news release. “They let the feet handle the complexity of the surface texture itself,” he said. Giving a drone similar abilities required technological ___63___ (assist). SNAG has a 3D-printed structure that imitates (模仿) eagle’s lightweight bones, and each of ___64___ (it) legs has got a motor for moving back and forth and a second one for grasping, _____65_____ helps detect the landing and stabilize (稳定) it. 第二部分 写作书面表达(满分40分) 66.应用文写作(满分15分) 66. 假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Sam计划来中国学习中医（traditional Chinese medicine）但他在语言学习方面有困难，想让你推存一位中文教师。请你回复邮件，内容包括 1.中文教师简介； 2.推荐的理由： 3.你的期待。 Dear Sam, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 67.读后续写(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My dad and I had been looking forward to the Stale cross-country race of my senior year of high school, which would be the climax (顶点) of my existence. I was the fastest runner on my team, and I was supposed to make it into the top fifteen. We had been working towards this race for three years. It was everything to me, and it was everything to my dad. He was a runner and was wild with joy by my success in running. He made it to every race, even flying home early from business trips to see me run. I always listened for his voice, which rang above the crowd-telling me to relax my arms, calling out my time. He pushed me. He cheered for me. He believed in me. We spent countless hours on the sandy canals of Arizona. Breathing in the dust of the desert, the blossoms of the orange trees, and the terrible smell of the dairy farm, we made our way across the city. We pounded miles and miles into our running shoes, marking with every step the path to greatness. It was a journey that was just ours. A dream passed on from one generation to the next. Then the big day came. It was hotter than normal - too hot. My throat felt like a field of cotton, cracked with the summer heat, as I waited for the gun to fire. I gazed out at the crowd; dozens of familiar faces from church and school flickered across my view. They had come for me. They were counting on me. I saw my dad set his watch, worry and excitement etched across his face. With the sound of a gunshot, the race began. For the first two and half miles, I felt great. I had never before been so ready for something. The weeks leading up to the race were filled with hard practices and a strict diet. The scorching sun beat upon my back, blinding me with its brilliance. Nothing was going to stop me, though. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 However, without warning, my strength was running out. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I whispered, “I’m so sorry I disappointed you, Dad.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 河南省信阳高级中学北湖校区 2024-2025学年高二上期10月测试 英语试题 分值：150分 时间：120分钟 注意事项: 1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 一、单词汉译英、英译汉(共20小题;每小题1.5分，共30分) 汉译英 1. c________ adj.确信的，信服的 2. p________ n.制作人，制片人 3. u________ adj.广泛适用的；共同的；普遍的 4. a________ adv.偶然地，意外地 5. i________ n.感染；传染 6. a________ vt.宣布，宣告 7. b________ vi.流血，出血 8. p________ adv.可能地，潜在地 9. .i________ vi.交流；交往；相互作用 10. h________ adj.幽默的，诙谐的 【答案】1. convinced##onvinced 2. producer##roducer 3. universal##niversal 4. accidentally##ccidentally 5. infection##nfection 6. announce##nnounce 7. bleed##leed 8. potentially##otentially 9. interact##nteract 10. humorous##umorous 【解析】 【1题详解】 “确信的，信服的”在英文中翻译为“convinced”，根据词性可知是形容词，故答案为convinced。 【2题详解】 “制作人，制片人”在英文中翻译为“producer”，根据词性可知是名词，故答案为producer。 【3题详解】 “广泛适用的；同的；普遍的”在英文中翻译为“universal”，根据词性可知是形容词，故答案为universal。 【4题详解】 “偶然地，意外地”在英文中翻译为“accidentally”，根据词性可知是副词，故答案为accidentally。 【5题详解】 “感染；传染”在英文中翻译为“infection”，根据词性可知是名词，故答案为infection。 【6题详解】 “宣布，宣告”在英文中翻译为“announce”，根据词性可知是及物动词，故答案为announce。 【7题详解】 “流血，出血”在英文中翻译为“bleed”，根据词性可知是不及物动词，故答案为bleed。 【8题详解】 “可能地，潜在地”在英文中翻译为“potentially”，根据词性可知是副词，故答案为potentially。 【9题详解】 “交流；交往；相互作用”在英文中翻译为“interact”，根据词性可知是不及物动词，故答案为interact。 【10题详解】 “幽默的，诙谐的”在英文中翻译为“humorous”，根据词性可知是形容词，故答案为humorous。 英译汉 11. imitate vt. ________ 12 consume vt. ________ 13. casually adv. ________ 14. consultation n. ________ 15. physical adj. ________ 16. incorporate vt. ________ 17. nationality n. ________ 18. contemporary adj. ________ 19 academic adj. ________ 20. idiom n. ________ 【答案】11. 模仿；仿效 12. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，消费；使充满；烧毁，毁灭 13. 漫不经心地，非正式地，随便地 14. 就诊，咨询；商讨；查阅，查找，查看；咨询会，商讨会 15. 身体的，肉体的；物质的，客观存在的，现实的，有形的；物理学的 16. 把……并入；包含，吸收，将……包括在内；使并入；注册成立 17. 国籍，民族 18. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的；同一时代的 19. 学业的；学术的，教学的；纯理论的，空谈的；学究式的 20. 成语，习语，惯用语；典型风格 【解析】 【11题详解】 “imitate”在汉语中翻译为“模仿；仿效”，根据词性可知是动词。故答案为：模仿；仿效。 【12题详解】 “consume”在汉语中翻译为“吃，喝，饮；消耗，消费；使充满；烧毁，毁灭”，根据词性可知是动词。故答案为：吃，喝，饮；消耗，消费；使充满；烧毁，毁灭。 【13题详解】 “casually”在汉语中翻译为“漫不经心地，非正式地，随便地”，根据词性可知副词。故答案为：漫不经心地，非正式地，随便地。 【14题详解】 “consultation”在汉语中翻译为“就诊，咨询；商讨；查阅，查找，查看；咨询会，商讨会”，根据词性可知是名词。故答案为：就诊，咨询；商讨；查阅，查找，查看；咨询会，商讨会。 【15题详解】 “physical”在汉语中翻译为“身体的，肉体的；物质的，客观存在的，现实的，有形的；物理学的”，根据词性可知是形容词。故答案为：身体的，肉体的；物质的，客观存在的，现实的，有形的；物理学的。 【16题详解】 “incorporate”在汉语中翻译为“把……并入；包含，吸收，将……包括在内；使并入；注册成立”，根据词性可知是动词。故答案为：把……并入；包含，吸收，将……包括在内；使并入；注册成立。 【17题详解】 “nationality”在汉语中翻译为“国籍，民族”，根据词性可知是名词。故答案为：国籍，民族。 【18题详解】 “contemporary”在汉语中翻译为“当代的，现代的；属同时期的；同一时代的”，根据词性可知是形容词。故答案为：当代的，现代的；属同时期的；同一时代的。 【19题详解】 “academic”在汉语中翻译为“学业的；学术的，教学的；纯理论的，空谈的；学究式的”，根据词性可知是形容词。故答案为：学业的；学术的，教学的；纯理论的，空谈的；学究式的。 【20题详解】 “idiom”在汉语中翻译为“成语，习语，惯用语；典型风格”，根据词性可知是名词。故答案为：成语，习语，惯用语；典型风格。 二、阅读理解(共两节，共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A Rock climbing, one of the fastest growing sports, not only builds physical strength and mental focus, but also leads you to some beautiful places．Here are some climbing spots for climbers． Acadia National Park, Maine This popular New England park is one of the few places where you can climb seaside rocks．The granite（花岗岩）is good for climbing．In some areas, you need to start when the sea is at its lowest level．The area has guides, instructors and climbing schools, making it particularly welcoming for beginners． More information: nps.gov/acad Red River Gorge, Kentucky This geological area in Daniel Boone National Forest is prized for its climbing routes and rock scenery．The park, located an hour's drive southeast of Lexington, is well known in the climbing world for both beginner-friendly terrain（地形）and more challenging sections．It's a place where you can find a lot of fellow climbers． More information: fs.usda.gov/recarea City of Rocks, Idaho This national reserve near the Utah border is worth a trip for the scenery alone．Named by gold miners heading to California in 1849, its granite looks like skyscrapers, towering 600 feet above the ground．It's a fascinating area from a geologic and geographic angle．Many visitors come for August's Idaho Mountain Festival, a celebration of climbing with top athletes in attendance． More information: nps.gov/ciro Earth Treks Englewood, Colorado While you can find climbing gyms across the country, this one just south of Denver is worth a special trip．With 53,000 square feet, the massive facility has a special rock climbing area, a group of guides and even extras like childcare and yoga． More information: earthtreksclimbing.com/englewood 21. What is special about Acadia National Park? A. It has good climbing routes． B. It's located in a coastal area． C It provides a free guided trip． D. It's intended for beginners． 22. What can you do in City of Rocks? A. Meet many gold miners． B. Enjoy the view from a tower． C. Go to a festival in August． D. Get trained in a climbing gym． 23. Which of the following favors a parent with a child? A. Acadia National Park． B. Red River Gorge． C. City of Rocks． D. Earth Treks Englewood． 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些适合攀岩者的攀岩点。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This popular New England park is one of the few places where you can climb seaside rocks．（这个受欢迎的新英格兰公园是少数几个你可以攀登海边岩石的地方之一。）”可知，阿卡迪亚国家公园特别之处在其位于沿海。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Many visitors come for August's Idaho Mountain Festival, a celebration of climbing with top athletes in attendance．（许多游客来参加八月的爱达荷山节，与顶级运动员参加爬山的庆祝活动。）”可知，游客在岩石城参加八月的一个节日。故选C项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With 53,000 square feet, the massive facility has a special rock climbing area, a group of guides and even extras like childcare and yoga．（这座占地5.3万平方英尺的大型攀岩设施有一个特殊的攀岩区、一群导游，甚至还有儿童保育和瑜伽等额外设施。）”可知，Earth Treks Englewood更适合有孩子的父母。故选D项。 B Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and language problems later in life. According to the study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, there is a unique antioxidant (抗氧化物质) present in mushrooms that helps protect certain brain functions. Researchers observed 663 Chinese adults aged over 60 whose diets and lifestyles were tracked from 2011 to 2017. In the study, the participants were asked how often they ate six different types of mushrooms: oyster, shiitake, white button, dried, golden and tinned. The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCi) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share. MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space. Changes in behavior can be not very noticeable and not serious enough to be known as dementia (痴呆). Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed. The advantage was reportedly more apparent in those who ate more than two shares a week or more than 300 grams. The scientists pointed out, however, that they have yet to put up a direct link between the fungi and brain function. The researchers also acknowledged that since this study mainly relied on self-reported information on mushroom intake and other dietary factors (因素), further studies may be required. Still, the lead study author Lei Feng is encouraged by their findings. “This correlation is surprising and encouraging,” Lei said. Mushrooms are one of the richest dietary sources of ergothioneine — a matter which humans can’t make on our own. 24. What are the findings in paragraph 3 about? A. Diets and lifestyles. B. The percent of MCI. C. The types of mushrooms. D. The benefit of eating mushrooms. 25. What can we know about MCI? A. It can strengthen memory. B. It can result in language problems. C. It can make people get lost. D. It can lessen the chance of forgetfulness. 26. What is the result if students often eat more mushrooms? A. They will take the exams much more easily B. Their academic performance improves greatly C. Their thinking ability is better than the majority D. They will love communicating with others. 27. Where does the text most probably appear? A. Scientific fiction. B. An advertisement. C. A science report. D. Adult literature. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最新研究得出的结论：多吃蘑菇对人的记忆和语言功能等方面有好处。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share.可知，研究结果表明，每周食用两份以上蘑菇的人，其轻度认知障碍(MCI)的几率比那些食用量不足一份的人要低50%。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了吃蘑菇的好处的研究发现。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful，affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space.可知，MCI是一种会使人健忘、影响记忆、在语言、注意力和确定物体在空间中的确切位置方面产生问题的疾病。由此可知，MCI会造成语言问题。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed.可知，研究发现，吃蘑菇多的参与者在思考和处理考试时表现得更好，处理速度也更快。由此可知，如果学生多吃蘑菇，他们能够从容应对考试。故选A。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了经常吃蘑菇的好处，即预防老年记忆力与语言问题，并阐述了其相关细节，由此可推断，本文最有可能出现在科学报道中。故选C。 C Microscopic particles (微观粒子) from outer space are also called space dust. They’re in the dirt on the ground and on your roof. They may discomfort your nose. They have settled all over our planet. Despite their widespread presence, finding space dust isn’t easy. One place that the particles show up more easily is Antarctica. Around a decade ago, Matthew Genge at Imperial College London spent seven weeks searching for and collecting dust there. The disadvantage of collecting dust from Antarctica is the high cost and complications of travelling there. That’s why Penny Wozniakiewicz of the University of Kent in the UK has focused on her research closer to home. The key is to collect material from a fairly undisturbed spot. She seeks the rooftops of old buildings in the UK as the source of her samples. She focuses on these roofs because they are old and more untouched than modern buildings. What’s more, historic buildings usually have well-kept records that indicate when conservation and cleaning have been done. That makes it easier to determine how long space dust has been collected and gives researchers insight into what other particles might be present in the dust they collect. This allows them to more efficiently remove the Earth stuff, and focus on the space stuff. “The idea is to actually take something you can barely see on your finger, and then make it much bigger so you can hold it in your hand,” says Wozniakiewicz. Each year, approximately 100 billion particles of space dust land on Earth, carrying secrets from outer space and offering glimpses into the formation of planetary systems. These particles not only contain water but also organic molecules (有机分子); they potentially serve as the building blocks for life on Earth. Space dust could, therefore, tell scientists about the complex relationship between these celestial bodies (天体) and Earth. It acts as a bridge, connecting us to the wider space. 28. What do we know about space dust? A. There is much space dust in the UK. B. It shows up more easily in Antarctica. C. Space dust is easy to collect everywhere. D. Space dust contains only organic molecules. 29. Why does Wozniakiewicz choose to do the research near her home? A. She doesn’t want to be too far away from home. B. She wants to collect dust from modern buildings. C. Travelling to Antarctica is expensive and complicated. D. A fairly undisturbed spot couldn’t be found in Antarctica. 30. What’s the purpose of “records” for the study in paragraph 4? A. To uncover the secret of outer space. B. To make collecting Earth stuff easier. C. To help researchers find out space stuff. D. To show how often buildings were cleaned. 31. What’s the best title of the text? A. How space dust comes into being B. An extraordinary exploration to outer space C. The relationship between space and humans D. Space dust bridges outer space and humans 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. C 31. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对来自外太空的微小颗粒，即太空尘埃的收集和研究，因为太空尘埃架起了外太空和人类的桥梁。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Despite their widespread presence, finding space dust isn’t easy. One place that the particles show up more easily is Antarctica. (尽管它们广泛存在，但寻找太空尘埃并不容易。其中一个更容易出现颗粒的地方是南极洲。)”可知，太空尘埃在南极洲更容易出现。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“The disadvantage of collecting dust from Antarctica is the high cost and complications of travelling there. That’s why Penny Wozniakiewicz of the University of Kent in the UK has focused on her research closer to home. (从南极洲收集灰尘的缺点是成本高，而且旅行起来很复杂。这就是为什么英国肯特大学的彭妮·沃兹尼亚奇维奇专注于离家更近的研究。)”可知，彭妮·沃兹尼亚奇维奇选择在她家附近做研究是因为去南极旅行既昂贵又复杂。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第四段“She focuses on these roofs because they are old and more untouched than modern buildings. What’s more, historic buildings usually have well-kept records that indicate when conservation and cleaning have been done. That makes it easier to determine how long space dust has been collected and gives researchers insight into what other particles might be present in the dust they collect. This allows them to more efficiently remove the Earth stuff, and focus on the space stuff. (她专注于这些屋顶，因为它们比现代建筑更古老，更原始。更重要的是，历史建筑通常有保存完好的记录，表明何时进行了保护和清洁。这使得确定太空尘埃被收集了多长时间变得更容易，并使研究人员能够深入了解他们收集的尘埃中可能存在的其他颗粒。这使他们能够更有效地清除地球上的物质，并专注于太空中的物质。)”可知，这些“记录”有助于研究人员找出太空的东西。故选C。 【31题详解】 标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段““The idea is to actually take something you can barely see on your finger, and then make it much bigger so you can hold it in your hand,” says Wozniakiewicz. Each year, approximately 100 billion particles of space dust land on Earth, carrying secrets from outer space and offering glimpses into the formation of planetary systems. These particles not only contain water but also organic molecules (有机分子); they potentially serve as the building blocks for life on Earth. Space dust could, therefore, tell scientists about the complex relationship between these celestial bodies (天体) and Earth. It acts as a bridge, connecting us to the wider space. (沃兹尼亚奇维奇说:“我们的想法是把一些你几乎看不见的东西放在手指上，然后把它做得更大，这样你就可以拿在手里了。”每年，大约有1000亿个太空尘埃颗粒降落在地球上，携带着来自外太空的秘密，并提供了一窥行星系统形成的机会。这些粒子不仅含有水，而且含有有机分子；它们有可能成为地球上生命的基石。因此，太空尘埃可以告诉科学家这些天体与地球之间的复杂关系。它就像一座桥梁，将我们与更广阔的空间连接起来。)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家对来自外太空的微小颗粒，即太空尘埃的收集和研究，因为太空尘埃架起了外太空和人类的桥梁，故“Space dust bridges outer space and humans(太空尘埃是外太空和人类的桥梁)”是文章最佳标题。故选D。 D Are you eyebrow blind? TikTok users seem to think so — many have complained on the platform about makeup (化妆品) wearers’ apparent inability to spot whether they’re blindly following makeup trends or wearing what looks good on their faces. Though “eyebrow blindness’ and other types of “beauty blindness” aren’t exactly considered mental health trouble, people’s tendency to follow trends — even when they look silly or take risks doing so — is definitely a real phenomenon. So, what does psychology say bout tend following? Fist following rends isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental health trouble. Instead, says psychologist Pamela B Rutledge, it’s perfectly normal. The reason for trend following relates to humans core need to belong to a social group and comet with others. Multiple psychological frameworks argue that human connections are as important as basics like access to food and shelter because humans evolved to rely on one another for survival. But why do trends themselves have such a pull? “Our brains are hardwired to notice what’s unusual,” Rutledge says. Thus, we notice outliers and attention-grabbers, making trends even more appealing for those bold enough to follow them. No one is exempt from following crazes (狂热), noticing trends, or signaling their real belonging to social groups. But one group in particular is even easier to follow trends — even risky ones: Tweens, teens, and young adults. As children start the road toward adult independence, they look for ways to express their individuality. This can produce sometimes desperate attempts to prove affliation(隶属关系) with socially credible in-groups and can fuel desire to stand out with the help of trends. So, next time you put on makeup — or get dressed, order a meal in public, or purchase a vehicle — consider that your decision may not be as personalized as you may think. “It’s really just an inborn (天生的) response, one that can be explained by our need to fit in with or stand out from the crowd.” says Rutledge. 32. According to the first paragraph, a beauty blind person might ________. A. oppose makeup trends publicly B. follow makeup trends uncritically C. rely on social media for makeup advice D. take risks with untested beauty products 33. What’s a primary motivation of trend following? A. Financial profit. B. Social connection. C. Artistic expression. D. Character weakness. 34. Which can best replace the underlined words “exempt from” in paragraph 4? A. Free of. B. Engaged in. C. Exposed to. D. Concerned about. 35. What might Rutledge think of trend following? A. It’s a personalized choice. B. It mirrors people’s mental health. C. It results from lack of self-confidence. D. It’s a natural response to social signals. 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以抖音用户关于美妆盲目跟风的讨论引出跟风潮流这一现象，接着从心理学角度分析了人们跟风潮流的原因，包括出于社交联系的需求以及大脑对不寻常事物的关注倾向等，还提及了特定群体（青少年等）更容易跟风的情况，最后总结说明跟风潮流是一种对社会信号的自然反应。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“TikTok users seem to think so — many have complained on the platform about makeup (化妆品) wearers’ apparent inability to spot whether they’re blindly following makeup trends or wearing what looks good on their faces.(TikTok用户似乎是这么认为的——许多人在平台上抱怨化妆品使用者显然无法发现他们是盲目追随化妆趋势还是穿着脸上看起来不错的东西。)”可知，美妆盲目跟风的人似乎无法分辨自己是盲目跟风化妆潮流还是选择了适合自己脸的妆容，也就是说他们会不加批判地跟风化妆潮流，故选B项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The reason for trend following relates to humans core need to belong to a social group and comet with others.(跟踪潮流的原因与人类核心属于一个社会群体并与他人相遇有关。)”可知，跟风潮流的主要动机是与社交联系有关，人们有归属某个社会群体并与他人建立联系的核心需求，故选B项。 【34题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“No one is exempt from following crazes (狂热), noticing trends, or signaling their real belonging to social groups. (没有人能……跟风、关注潮流或表明自己真正属于某个社会群体。)”可知，exempt from在句中的意思是“免除；豁免”，在这里可以理解为“不受……影响”，与“free of”意思相近，故选A项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘It’s really just an inborn (天生的) response, one that can be explained by our need to fit in with or stand out from the crowd.’ says Rutledge.(‘这实际上只是一种与生俱来的反应，可以用我们需要融入人群或从人群中脱颖而出来解释。’Rutledge说)”可知，Rutledge认为跟风潮流是一种天生的反应，也就是对社会信号的一种自然反应，故选D项。 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分) According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. ___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. ___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.___39___. And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). ___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。 【36题详解】 上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”说明晚宴上让自己变得有趣是不太困难的，以及下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”说明在晚宴上让自己变得有趣的方法，B项“第一步是去探索”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。 【37题详解】 下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以引入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是开启了对话)”说明得到回答，开启对话，C项“如果你问问题“你是怎么到达这里的？”提出问题，引出下文，符合题意。故选C项。 【38题详解】 下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方)”说明要采取方法，拿走他们的酒或者让他们离开讲话的地方，F项“喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办”提出问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。 【39题详解】 上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们从那种情景中离开)”说明面对喝太多酒或者一直说个不停的人时，可以采取的方法，E项“或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题”提出另一种解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。 【40题详解】 上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”说明赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，以及下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”说明对主人进行赞美的具体做法，G项中He or she 指代上文中的主人，G项“他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项 第三节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) Harland “Colonel” Sanders was born in 1890. He was left to be the only ____41____ of the house at a young age when his father died, leaving him with a mother and two younger sisters. By the age of 7, he had started ____42____ and soon after, he was working several odd jobs. At the age of 40, he had ____43____ the perfect fried chicken recipe and had even opened a restaurant to ____44____ the high demand for his food. As he was perfecting his chicken, he was ____45____ by a pressure cooker (压力锅) salesman who ____46____ Sanders to invest in his product to help speed along his cooking process. Sanders ____47____ buying 12 pressure cookers, and then he was ready to sell a lot of chicken. At the age of 60, Colonel Sanders decided to ____48____, but because he was not content with ____49____ of his $105 social security checks, he decided to franchise (给予特许经销权) his chicken. He started traveling to different restaurants, cooking his fried chicken at the spot for restaurant owners. If the owners liked the chicken, they would be sold the ____50____. However, Colonel Sanders got ____51____ 1,009 times before he made his first sale. ____52____, Colonel Sanders had 600 franchises selling his ____53____ trademark chicken. In 1976, the Colonel was ____54____ as the world’s second most ____55____ celebrity. 41. A. man B. son C. orphan D. child 42. A. selling B. learning C. cooking D. experimenting 43. A. mastered B. adjusted C. adopted D. bought 44. A. expand B. service C. require D. generate 45. A. cheated B. perceived C. inquired D. approached 46. A. educated B. commanded C. convinced D. promised 47. A. appealed to B. ended up C. subscribed to D. committed to 48. A. escape B. advance C. retire D. challenge 49. A. living off B. leaving out C. settling down D. carrying on 50. A. store B. label C. concept D. recipe 51. A. detected B. defeated C. assessed D. rejected 52. A. Potentially B. Ultimately C. Substantially D. Entirely 53. A. fortune B. unique C. diverse D. identical 54. A. linked B. praised C. ranked D. posed 55. A. generous B. stubborn C. reserved D. recognizable 【答案】41. A 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. D 52. B 53. B 54. C 55. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Colonel Sanders依靠出售自己的炸鸡配方，而成为世界知名度第二高的名人的故事。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很小的时候父亲就去世了，留下他一个母亲和两个妹妹，剩下他一个男人在家里。A. man男人；B. son儿子；C. orphan孤儿；D. child孩子。根据后文“when his father died, leaving him with a mother and two younger sisters”可知，他是家里唯一的男人，故选A。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：7岁时，他开始做饭，不久之后，他打了几份零工。A. selling出售；B. learning学习；C. cooking烹饪；D. experimenting实验。根据后文“the perfect fried chicken recipe”可知，他七岁时开始做饭，故选C。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在40岁的时候，他已经掌握了完美的炸鸡配方，甚至开了一家餐馆来满足对他的食物的高需求。A. mastered掌握；B. adjusted调整；C. adopted采用；D. bought购买。根据后文“the perfect fried chicken recipe”指他掌握了完美的炸鸡配方，故选A。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在40岁的时候，他已经掌握了完美的炸鸡配方，甚至开了一家餐馆来满足对他的食物的高需求。A. expand扩大；B. service提供服务，维修；C. require需要；D. generate产生。根据后文“the high demand for his food”可知，开店的目的是为了满足大量需求，此处service表示提供服务，满足。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他正在完善他的鸡肉时，一个压力锅推销员找到他，说服桑德斯投资他的产品，以帮助他加快烹饪过程。A. cheated欺骗；B. perceived感知；C. inquired询问；D. approached接洽，靠近。根据后文“by a pressure cooker salesman”指推销员和他接洽压力锅的事情，故选D。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他正在完善他的鸡肉时，一个压力锅推销员找到他，说服桑德斯投资他的产品，以帮助他加快烹饪过程。A. educated教育；B. commanded命令；C. convinced说服；D. promised承诺。根据后文“Sanders to invest in his product to help speed along his cooking process”可知，推销员说服桑德斯投资他的产品，以帮助他加快烹饪过程。故选C。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：桑德斯最终买了12个高压锅，然后他准备卖很多鸡肉。A. appealed to吸引；B. ended up结束；C. subscribed to订阅；D. committed to致力于。根据后文“buying 12 pressure cookers”可知，桑德斯最后买了12个高压锅，为短语end up doing sth.。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：60岁时，桑德斯决定退休，但因为他不满足于靠105美元的社会保障支票生活，他决定特许经营他的鸡。A. escape逃走；B. advance前进；C. retire退休；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“He started traveling to different restaurants, cooking his fried chicken at the spot for restaurant owners.(他开始去不同的餐馆，在那里为餐馆老板做炸鸡)”指桑德斯决定退休，开始去不同的餐馆做炸鸡。故选C。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：60岁时，桑德斯上校决定退休，但因为他不满足于靠105美元的社会保障支票生活，他决定特许经营他的鸡。A. living off依赖；B. leaving out遗漏；C. settling down安定；D. carrying on继续。根据后文“of his $105 social security checks”指依靠105美元的社会保障支票生活，应用live off。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果店主喜欢这种炸鸡，就会把配方卖给他们。A. store商店；B. label标签；C. concept概念；D. recipe食谱。根据上文“he decided to franchise (给予特许经销权) his chicken.”以及后文“he made his first sale”可知，他想要出售自己的炸鸡配方。故选D。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Colonel Sanders在完成第一笔交易之前被拒绝了1009次。A. detected检测；B. defeated打败；C. assessed评估；D. rejected拒绝。根据后文“1,009 times before he made his first sale”指桑德斯在完成第一笔交易之前被拒绝了1009次。故选D。 【52题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，Colonel Sanders拥有了600家特许经营权，出售他独特的招牌鸡肉。A. Potentially可能地；B. Ultimately最后，最终；C. Substantially大量地；D. Entirely完全地。根据后文“Colonel Sanders had 600 franchises”可知，最终，桑德斯上校拥有了600家特许经营权，故选B。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最终，Colonel Sanders拥有了600家特许经营权，出售他独特的招牌鸡肉。A. fortune幸运的；B. unique独特的；C. diverse多样的；D. identical相同的。根据上文“the perfect fried chicken recipe”可知，这种配方是他开发的，所以是独特的招牌鸡肉。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1976年，Colonel被评为世界知名度第二高的名人。A. linked连接；B. praised赞美；C. ranked排名；D. posed形成。根据后文“as the world’s second”指排名第二，故选C。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1976年，Colonel被评为世界知名度第二高的名人。A. generous慷慨的；B. stubborn固执的；C. reserved预订的；D. recognizable可辨认的。根据上文“as the world’s second most”可知，Colonel被评为世界知名度第二高的名人。故选D。 第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共55分) 第一部分 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stanford University researchers have developed a device called a nature-inspired aerial grasper, or SNAG, which can be attached ___56___ a quadcopter drone (四轴无人机) to give it feet and legs like those of ___57___ eagle. The drone, when ___58___ (equip) with the device, is able to fly around catching and carrying objects and perching (栖息) on various surfaces, according to a Stanford news release dated Sep.1, 2023. But ___59___ (copy) the flexibility of birds wasn’t easy to do. The researchers ___60___ (shoot) videos of small parrots flying back and forth between special perches that contained sensors to measure the physical forces of landing, perching and takeoff. “___61___ surprised us was that they did the same aerial military exercise, no matter what surfaces they were landing on,” one of the ___62___ (researcher), William Roderick, explained in the news release. “They let the feet handle the complexity of the surface texture itself,” he said. Giving a drone similar abilities required technological ___63___ (assist). SNAG has a 3D-printed structure that imitates (模仿) eagle’s lightweight bones, and each of ___64___ (it) legs has got a motor for moving back and forth and a second one for grasping, _____65_____ helps detect the landing and stabilize (稳定) it. 【答案】56. to 57. an 58. equipped 59. copying 60. shot 61. What 62. researchers 63. assistance 64. its 65. which 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学研究人员开发的一种名为SNAG的设备，该设备可以安装在四轴无人机上，使其具有类似老鹰的脚和腿的功能。 【56题详解】 考查介词。句意：斯坦福大学的研究人员开发了一种名为自然启发式空中抓取器的设备，可以安装到四轴无人机上，使其拥有像老鹰一样的脚和腿。be attached to为固定短语，含义为“附在……之上”，符合句意。故填to。 【57题详解】 考查冠词。句意：同上。这里指的是任意一只鹰，而非特定的某只鹰，所以用不定冠词来修饰eagle，eagle发音以元音音素开头，使用不定冠词an，故填an。 【58题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：当无人机配备此设备时，它能够飞行并抓住物体、携带物品并栖息在各种表面上。此处为省略主语以及助动词be的结构，从句的主语与谓语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，完整的句子结构为when the drone is equipped with the device，因从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有助动词be，根据省略的规则，将从句的主语与助动词be省略，留下了过去分词作状语。故填equipped。 【59题详解】 考查动名词。句意：但是，复制鸟类的灵活性并不容易。空白处在句子中作主语，因此使用copy的动名词形式copying。故填copying。 【60题详解】 考查一般过去时。句意：研究人员拍摄了小型鹦鹉在特殊栖木之间飞来飞去视频，这些栖木含有传感器，可以测量降落、栖息和起飞的物理力量。空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，因此使用一般过去时。故填shot。 【61题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：“让我们感到惊讶的是，无论它们降落在什么表面上，它们都执行相同的空中军事演习，”研究人员之一威廉·罗德里克在新闻稿中解释道。空处引导主语从句，空白处在从句中作主语，指物，因此使用连接代词what连接，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 【62题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：同上。“one of +复数名词”为固定短语，含义为“……其中之一”，这里指的是多个研究人员，因此使用researcher的复数形式researchers。故填researchers。 【63题详解】 考查名词。句意：给无人机提供类似的能力需要技术援助。这里需要一个名词来作为宾语，因此使用assist的名词形式assistance。故填assistance。 【64题详解】 考查代词。句意：SNAG有一个模仿老鹰轻质骨骼的3D打印结构，它的每条腿都有一个用于前后移动的电机和另一个用于抓取的电机，这有助于检测着陆并稳定它。空白处在句子中作定语，这里需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰legs，因此使用it的形容词性物主代词形式its。故填its。 【65题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：同上。这里需要一个关系代词来引导定语从句，先行词为前面一整句话表示的内容，在定语从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 第二部分 写作书面表达(满分40分) 66.应用文写作(满分15分) 66. 假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Sam计划来中国学习中医（traditional Chinese medicine）但他在语言学习方面有困难，想让你推存一位中文教师。请你回复邮件，内容包括 1.中文教师简介； 2.推荐的理由： 3.你的期待。 Dear Sam, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Sam, It’s great to learn you’re coming to China to learn traditional Chinese medicine. Regarding your request, I’d like to recommend a Chinese teacher, Ms Wang Juan, who I believe would be a perfect fit for your language teaching needs. Ms Wang is an experienced teacher with a master’s degree in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language. She has worked with international students and has received excellent feedback for her teaching methods and communication skills. In addition, she is very knowledgeable about Chinese culture and can provide valuable perspectives for you. Looking forward to meeting you this September. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给澳大利亚朋友Sam回复邮件，给他推荐一位中文教师。其内容包括：中文教师简介、推荐的理由和你的期待。 【详解】1.词汇积累 好：great → excellent 而且：in addition → additionally 博学的：knowledgeable → encyclopedic 宝贵的：valuable → precious 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Ms Wang is an experienced teacher with a master’s degree in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language. 拓展句：Ms Wang is an experienced teacher, who has a master’s degree in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s great to learn you’re coming to China to learn traditional Chinese medicine. （运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】 Regarding your request, I’d like to recommend a Chinese teacher, Ms Wang Juan, who I believe would be a perfect fit for your language teaching needs.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句） 67.读后续写(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My dad and I had been looking forward to the Stale cross-country race of my senior year of high school, which would be the climax (顶点) of my existence. I was the fastest runner on my team, and I was supposed to make it into the top fifteen. We had been working towards this race for three years. It was everything to me, and it was everything to my dad. He was a runner and was wild with joy by my success in running. He made it to every race, even flying home early from business trips to see me run. I always listened for his voice, which rang above the crowd-telling me to relax my arms, calling out my time. He pushed me. He cheered for me. He believed in me. We spent countless hours on the sandy canals of Arizona. Breathing in the dust of the desert, the blossoms of the orange trees, and the terrible smell of the dairy farm, we made our way across the city. We pounded miles and miles into our running shoes, marking with every step the path to greatness. It was a journey that was just ours. A dream passed on from one generation to the next. Then the big day came. It was hotter than normal - too hot. My throat felt like a field of cotton, cracked with the summer heat, as I waited for the gun to fire. I gazed out at the crowd; dozens of familiar faces from church and school flickered across my view. They had come for me. They were counting on me. I saw my dad set his watch, worry and excitement etched across his face. With the sound of a gunshot, the race began. For the first two and half miles, I felt great. I had never before been so ready for something. The weeks leading up to the race were filled with hard practices and a strict diet. The scorching sun beat upon my back, blinding me with its brilliance. Nothing was going to stop me, though. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 However, without warning, my strength was running out. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I whispered, “I’m so sorry I disappointed you, Dad.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 However, without warning, my strength was running out. My lungs fought to take in enough air, and my feet transformed into cement bricks. Neck and neck with one of my greatest rivals, I could see the finish line. I had begun the final sprint into glory when my knees buckled and my legs gave way. Nothing I could do would make them hold my weight. They were as weak as jelly. Even though I knew my dreams of victory had been destroyed, I had to finish the race. With all of the strength left in me, I got on my hands and knees and crawled, inch by inch, across the finish line. Shame pulsed through my veins as Dad squatted down and pulled me into his arms. I whispered, “I’m so sorry I disappointed you, Dad.” He gave me a gentle smile and said, “You could never disappoint me. Sometimes these things just happen. All that matters is that you did your best.” Lifting my face, I saw my dad’s eyes, in which I saw the sweat, the time, and the work we had put into our dream. The miles we had run together, all for this race, flashed across my mind. “But we worked so hard. What about our dream” I asked. In that second, the world stood still. He reached over for my hand, holding back his own tears, and said, “Don’t you know that you are my dream come true ” 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和父亲很期待自己能在高中最后一年的越野赛跑上获得好成绩，不料在比赛过程中，作者突然体力耗尽，虽然作者最后尽力越过终点，但是却没获得好成绩，作者觉得让父亲和大家失望了，父亲却说只要尽力了，就不会失望。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“然而，毫无征兆地，我的体力耗尽了。”可知，第一段可描写作者在体力耗尽的情况下，如何尽力跑过终点。 ②由第二段首句内容“我低声说：‘很抱歉让你失望了，爸爸。’”可知，第二段可描写作者父亲安慰作者并没有让他失望。 2. 续写线索：为比赛做准备——比赛开始——突然体力耗尽——努力跑过终点——觉得让父亲失望——父亲安慰 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①努力争取：fight/struggle ②看见：see/catch sight of ③摧毁：destroy/crush/ruin 情绪类 ①羞愧：shame/embarrassment/humiliation ②失望：disappoint/let down 【点睛】[高分句型1]I had begun the final sprint into glory when my knees buckled and my legs gave way.(when引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2]Lifting my face, I saw my dad’s eyes, in which I saw the sweat, the time, and the work we had put into our dream.(in which引导的非限制性定语从句和省略关系代词引导的限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$