精品解析：2025届河南省开封市顺河回族区高三上学期一模英语试题

2025届河南省开封市顺河回族区一模 英语试卷 考生须知： 1．本卷满分150分，考试时间90分钟； 2．答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。 3．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效 一、听力选择题 1. What does the woman suggest the man do first? A．Have the machine repaired. B．Read the operations manual. C．Try the buttons one by one. 2. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Classmates. B．Colleagues. C．Teacher and student. 3. What will the speakers do today A．Go to an art show. B．Meet the man's aunt. C．Eat out with Mark. 4. What does the man want to do? A．Cancel an order. B．Ask for a receipt. C．Reschedule a delivery. 5. When will the next train to Bedford leave? A．At 9:45. B．At 10:15. C．At 11:00. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What will the weather be like today? A．Stormy. B．Sunny. C．Foggy. 7. What is the man going to do? A．Plant a tree. B．Move his car. C．Check the map. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. Why is Kathy in California now? A．She is on vacation there. B．She has just moved there. C．She is doing business there. 9. What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona? A．Husband and wife. B．Brother and sister. C．Father and daughter. 10. What does Kathy thank Dave for? A．Finding her a new job. B．Sending her a present. C．Calling on her mother. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. How did Jack go to school when he was a child? A．By bike. B．On foot. C．By bus. 12. What is Jack's attitude toward parents driving their kids to school? A．Disapproving. B．Encouraging. C．Understanding. 13. What is the problem with some parents according to the woman? A．Overprotecting their children. B．Pushing their children too hard. C．Having no time for their children. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first? A．To keep records of her progress. B．To sell home-grown vegetables. C．To motivate her fellow gardeners. 15. Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries? A．They need no special care. B．They can be used in cooking. C．They bear a lot of fruit soon. 16. What is difficult for Marie to grow? A．Herbs. B．Carrots. C．Pears. 17. What is Marie's advice to those interested in kitchen gardening? A．Aim high. B．Keep focused. C．Stay optimistic. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18. What is "Life of Johnson"? A．A magazine column. B．A TV series. C．A historical novel. 19. What is Johnson famous for? A．His acting talent. B．His humorous writing. C．His long sports career. 20. When did Johnson join Sports Times? A．In 1981. B．In 1983. C．In 1985. 二、阅读理解 A Fungi Can Help Concrete Heal Its Own Cracks Cracks are very common in concrete structures due to various chemical and physical phenomena that occur during everyday use. And tiny cracks can be quite harmful because they provide an easy route in for liquids and gasses — and the harmful substances they might contain. For instance, micro-cracks can allow water and oxygen to infiltrate and then corrode the steel, leading to structural failure. But continuous maintenance and repair work is difficult because it usually requires an enormous amount of labor and investment. Scientists have been trying to figure out how these harmful cracks could heal themselves without human intervention. The idea was originally inspired by the amazing ability of the human body to heal itself of cuts, bruises and broken bones. A person takes in nutrients which the body uses to produce new substitutes to heal damaged tissues. In the same way, can we provide necessary products to concrete to fill in cracks when damage happens? Through long time research, scientists have found an unusual candidate to help concrete heal itself: a fungus called T. reesei. It is found that as calcium hydroxide from concrete dissolved in water, the pH of the fungal growth medium increased from a close-to-neutral original value of 6.5 all the way to a very alkaline 13.0. Of all the fungi tested, only T. reesei could survive this environment. Despite the drastic pH increase, its spores germinated into threadlike hyphal mycelium and grew equally well with or without concrete. Scientists propose including fungal spores, together with nutrients, during the initial mixing process when building a new concrete structure. When the inevitable cracking occurs and water finds its way in, the dormant fungal spores will germinate. As they grow, they’ll work as a catalyst within the calcium-rich conditions of the concrete to promote precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals. These mineral deposits can fill in the cracks. When the cracks are completely caulked and no more water can enter, the fungi will again form spores. If cracks form again and environmental conditions become favorable, the spores could wake up and repeat the process. T. reesei is eco-friendly, posing no known risk to human health. In fact, T. reesei has a long history of safe use in industrial-scale production of carbohydrase enzymes, such as cellulase, which plays an important role in fermentation processes during winemaking. Of course, researchers will need to conduct a thorough assessment to investigate any possible immediate and long-term effects on the environment and human health prior to its use as a healing agent in concrete infrastructure. 1. According to the passage, tiny cracks in concrete structures may lead to ________. A. Disfunction even collapse of the entire structure B. Continuous maintenance and rebuilding C. Leakage of liquids and gasses D. Waste of water and oxygen 2. What can we know about T. reesei? A. It is widely used in building concrete structures. B. It can survive in extreme environment. C. It can help the concrete cracks heal. D. It is a newly discovered fungi. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. T. reesei might be used on human. B. The research is still at its initially stage. C. T. reesei is unreplaceable in winemaking. D. T. reesei has long-term effects on human health 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述基础设施的老硬化，混凝土出现裂缝，科学家们通过测试发现了一种叫做T. reesei的真菌，能使裂缝自己愈合。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“And tiny cracks can be quite harmful because they provide an easy route in for liquids and gasses — and the harmful substances they might contain. For instance, micro-cracks can allow water and oxygen to infiltrate and then corrode the steel, leading to structural failure.(微小的裂缝可能非常有害，因为它们为液体、气体及可能含有的有害物质提供了一条容易进去的途径。例如，微裂纹会使水和氧气渗入，然后腐蚀钢材，导致结构失效)”可知，微小的裂缝会导致结构失效，甚至是结构的崩塌。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Through long time research, scientists have found an unusual candidate to help concrete heal itself: a fungus called T. reesei.(通过长期的研究，科学家们发现了一种不寻常的候选者来帮助混凝土愈合：一种叫做T. reesei的真菌)”可知，T. reesei真菌能帮助混凝土愈合裂缝。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Of course, researchers will need to conduct a thorough assessment to investigate any possible immediate and long-term effects on the environment and human health prior to its use as a healing agent in concrete infrastructure.(当然，在将它作为混凝土基础设施中的治疗剂之前，研究者需要进行一个彻底的评估，已调查对环境和人类健康的任何可能的直接的和长期的影响)”可推知，研究还需要进行彻底的评估，因此此研究还处于其最初阶段。故选B。 B “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 4. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 5. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 7. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 8. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 9. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 10. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 11. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 【点睛】 D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 12. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 13. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 14 What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 15. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】12 B 13. C 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 【点睛】 E Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____16____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____17____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____18____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____19____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____20____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【答案】16. F 17. B 18. E 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 【16题详解】 上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 【17题详解】 上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 【18题详解】 下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 【19题详解】 下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 【20题详解】 上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 【点睛】 三、完形填空 I’m a 47-year-old teacher. I am so blessed to work in the greatest ____21____ for 20 years. Despite the ___22___ schedule and hard work, I finish each day feeling I have made a ____23____ . This is the drive that keeps me ____24____ and passionate. As Christa ‘ McAuliffe said, “I touch the future, I teach.” When I was named Maryland Teacher of the Year, I received a congratulatory e-mail from a former student who is now ____25____ Georgetown University and is a leader in the student-run Women in Politics group. Recently, I watched a college basketball game to find another former student ____26____ up and down the court for Georgetown. Walking through a supermarket yesterday, I ____27____ encountered a former student, who handed me a business card for the company he started, at age twenty-two. Another student said he is in the ____28____ of applying for law school at Howard University. Believe it or not, I ____29____ former students with similar success stories nearly every week. Seeing their success and knowing that I was able to make a small ____30____ to their success is the greatest ____31____. Those glorious moments ____32____ me to continue hoping to play a role in the life of every child. Sometimes, while I am watching my ____33____ students working in class, I try to ____34____ what they will be doing ten years from now. I would not ____35____ my career for any other. I literally touch the future every day. 21. A. business B. company C. profession D. project 22. A. light B. tight C. flexible D. casual 23. A. difference B. fortune C. name D. promise 24. A. generous B. independent C. curious D. inspired 25. A. leaving B. joining C. attending D. visiting 26. A. cheering B. pacing C. judging D. running 27. A. unavoidably B. unexpectedly C. unconditionally D. unquestioningly 28. A. habit B. form C. hope D. process 29. A. came across B. picked up C. calmed down D. turned to 30. A. change B. contribution C. proposal D. chance 31. A. help B. praise C. reward D. response 32. A. pressure B. block C. fuel D. corner 33. A. current B. regular C. top D. average 34. A. realize B. picture C. confirm D. doubt 35. A. charge B. prepare C. provide D. trade 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己的教书事业并为之感到自豪。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运能在最伟大的职业中工作20年。A. business商业；B. company公司；C. profession职业；D. project项目。根据“I’m a 47-year-old teacher.(我是一名47岁的教师。)”可知，作者做教师工作有20年了。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管日程安排很紧，工作也很辛苦，但每天结束时我都觉得自己有所作为。A. light亮的；B. tight紧身的，紧贴的；C. flexible灵活的；D. casual随意的。根据“hard work(工作也很辛苦)”可知，作者的日程安排很紧。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. difference不同；B. fortune幸运；C. name名字；D. promise承诺。根据“As Christa ‘ McAuliffe said, “I touch the future, I teach.”(正如Christa ' McAuliffe所说，“我触及未来，我教书。”)”可知，作者认为自己的教书工作，触及未来，所以教书每天结束时。都觉得自己有所作为。make a difference有意义，有所作为。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是激励我的动力，让我充满激情。A. generous慷慨的；B. independent独立的；C. curious好奇的；D. inspired激励人的。根据“As Christa ‘ McAuliffe said, “I touch the future, I teach.”(正如Christa ' McAuliffe所说，“我触及未来，我教书。”)”以及“passionate(热情的)”可知，作者认为自己的教书工作，触及未来，作者充满激情，备受激励。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我被评为马里兰州年度最佳教师时，我收到了一封来自一位学生的祝贺邮件，她现在就读于乔治城大学，是学生组织的“女性参政”小组的负责人。A. leaving离开；B. joining连接，接合；C. attending参加，上；D. visiting拜访。根据“Georgetown University(乔治城大学)”可知，作者的学生现在就读于乔治城大学。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，我看了一场大学篮球赛，发现另一位乔治城大学的以前自己的学生在球场上跑来跑去。A. cheering喝彩；B. pacing踱步；C. judging判断；D. running跑步。根据“I watched a college basketball game(我看了一场大学篮球赛)”可知，作者看了一场大学篮球赛，发现自己的学生在球场上跑来跑去。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：昨天在逛超市的时候，我意外地遇到了一个以前的学生，他递给我一张他22岁时创办的公司的名片。A. unavoidably不可避免地；B. unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地；C. unconditionally无条件地；D. unquestioningly 不犹豫地， 绝对地。根据“Walking through a supermarket yesterday(昨天在逛超市的时候)”可知，作者在逛超市的时候，意外地遇到了一个以前的学生。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一名学生说他正在申请霍华德大学的法学院。A. habit习惯；B. form形成；C. hope希望；D. process过程。根据“applying for law school at Howard University (申请霍华德大学的法学院)”可知，另一名学生说他正在申请霍华德大学的法学院。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：信不信由你，我几乎每周都能遇到有类似成功故事的以前的学生。A. came across碰见；B. picked up捡起；C. calmed down平静；D. turned to转向。根据“Walking through a supermarket yesterday, I ____7____ encountered a former student, who handed me a business card for the company he started, at age twenty-two. (昨天在逛超市的时候，我意外地遇到了一个以前的学生，他递给我一张他22岁时创办的公司的名片)”可知，作者在讲述自己碰到学生的经历。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到他们的成功，知道自己能为他们的成功做出一点小小的贡献，这是最大的回报。A. change改变；B. contribution贡献；C. proposal提议，建议；D. chance机会。根据“to their success(为他们的成功)”可知，作者教书，为他们的成功做出了一份贡献。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. help帮助；B. praise赞扬；C. reward报酬；D. response回应。根据“Seeing their success and knowing that I was able to make a small ____10____ to their success(看到他们的成功，知道自己能为他们的成功做出一点小小的贡献)”可知，作者为他们的成功做出一点小小的贡献，看到他们的成功作者认为是最大的回报。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些光荣的时刻激励着我继续希望在每个孩子的生命中发挥作用。A. pressure压力；B. block阻碍；C. fuel刺激，加剧；D. corner角落。根据“to continue hoping to play a role in the life of every child(我继续希望在每个孩子的生命中发挥作用)”可知，光荣的时刻激励着作者继续在每个孩子的生命中发挥作用。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，当我看着我现在的学生在课堂上学习时，我试着想象他们十年后会做什么。A. current现行的，当前的；B. regular定期的；C. top顶端的，顶部的；D. average平均的。根据“working in class(在课堂上学习)”可知，作者指的是现在的学生。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. realize意识到；B. picture想象；绘画，拍摄；C. confirm证实；D. doubt怀疑。根据“what they will be doing ten years from now.(十年后他们会做什么)”可知，作者想象学生十年后会做什么。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会拿我的事业去换别的。我每天都在触摸未来。A. charge充电；B. prepare准备；C. provide提供；D. trade贸易，交换。根据“I literally touch the future every day(我每天都在触摸未来)”可知，作者不会拿自己的事业去换别的。故选D。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 August 3rd is Watermelon Day, an annual holiday that celebrates everyone’s favorite summer fruit. ____36____ (make) of almost 92% water, the fruit is full of vitamin A and vitamin C and antioxidants (抗氧化剂). So what are you waiting for? Get yourself a few slices of watermelon ____37____ (celebrate) this delicious holiday. Watermelon is an ancient food that ____38____ (believe) to have originated in Africa. Historians have found evidence of watermelon planting as far back as 4,000 years ago. Today, ____39____ (variety) of the fruit are grown in warm parts of the world. Because of ____40____ (it) high water content, watermelon is a kind of thirst -quenching (解渴的) fruit. In fact, in the Kalahari Desert, ____41____ watermelon is called “tsamma”, it is one of the main sources of water during the dry, hot season. In the past, people ____42____ (go) across the desert only during a good tsamma season. Some studies have shown that the antioxidants in watermelon can reduce the risk of some types of cancer. Moreover, all parts of the fruit are eatable. Its flesh can be eaten ____43____ (direct) or juiced. In many parts of the world, ____44____ thick green outer covering of the fruit serves ____45____ a dish, and its seeds are dried, roasted and enjoyed like nuts. 【答案】36. Made 37. to celebrate 38. is believed 39. varieties 40. its 41. where 42. went 43. directly 44. the 45. as 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西瓜的发源与其价值。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种水果几乎92%的成分是水，富含维生素A、维生素C和抗氧化剂。be made of...为固定短语，意为“由……组成”；分析句子可知，句中make是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the fruit间为被动关系，表示“这种水果是几乎由92%的水组成”，应用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Made。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃几片西瓜来庆祝这个美味的节日吧。分析句子，celebrate是非谓语动词，“(celebrate) this delicious holiday”是“Get yourself a few slices of watermelon”的目的，应用不定式to celebrate作目的状语。故填to celebrate。 【38题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：西瓜是一种古老食物，被认为起源于非洲。分析句子可知，believe(认为)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词an ancient food)之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is believed。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：今天，各种各样的水果生长在世界上温暖的地方。varieties of...是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。故填varieties。 【40题详解】 考查代词。句意：由于西瓜含水量高，是一种解渴的水果。根据句意，提示词作定语修饰名词词组high water content，应用形容性物主代词its。故填its。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：实上，在喀拉哈里沙漠，西瓜被称为“tsamma”，它是干旱炎热季节的主要水源之一。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Kalahari Desert，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在喀拉哈里沙漠”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在过去，人们只在风沙季节穿越沙漠。分析句子可知，go是句中谓语动词，与主语people之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语In the past，应使用一般过去时态。故填went。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：它的果肉可以直接食用或榨汁食用。提示词修饰动词be eaten，应用副词directly，意为“直接地”。故填directly。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在世界上的许多地方，这厚厚的绿色瓜皮被作为一道菜，它的种子被晒干，烘烤，像坚果一样享用。根据上文可知，句中thick green outer指西瓜厚厚的绿色瓜皮，特指，用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：在世界上的许多地方，这厚厚的绿色瓜皮被作为一道菜，它的种子被晒干，烘烤，像坚果一样享用。serve as...是固定搭配，意为“担任……；充当……”，介词as表示“作为，当”。故填as。 五、书信写作 46. 2022年北京冬奥会将如期举行，目前正在招募志愿者。假如你是李华，红星中学的一名学生，希望能成为其中一员，请用英文给组委会写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 个人介绍； 2. 自身优势； 3. 强烈意愿。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir/Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, My name is Li Hua, a student from Hongxing Middle School. I am writing to volunteer for 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Here are what my strengths lie in. First and foremost, I have a good command of English, which makes it easy for me to communicate with foreigners fluently. Additionally, outgoing and open-minded, I can get along well with people at home and abroad. What's more, I often act as a volunteer tour guide to show foreign tourists around, from which I've gained rich experience. In a word, I firmly believe that I am the very person you're looking for. Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。文章要求考生用英文写一封申请信，希望能够成为冬奥会的志愿者。 【详解】1.词汇积累 优点： strength →advantage 另外：Additionally →besides 总之：in a word→ in short 寻找：look for→ hunt for 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My name is Li Hua, a student from Hongxing Middle School. 拓展句：My name is Li Hua, a student who comes from Hongxing Middle School. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First and foremost, I have a good command of English, which makes it easy for me to communicate with foreigners fluently. （运用了which 引导的非限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】In a word, I firmly believe that I am the very person you're looking for. （运用了that引导的宾语从句） 六、书面表达 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As my mom says, love is simple. There came a time in my life, over two years ago, when I had the desire to impact someone’s life positively. My friend Kelley told me about a volunteer trip she had taken to Gary, West Virginia, and it was a life-changing experience. After looking into service opportunities, I signed up to take a volunteer trip to Gary. Volunteer trips have become increasingly popular among young people seeking meaningful experiences. They gain access to a wide range of volunteer projects concerning various fields such as education, environmental conservation, community development, and more. When we arrived in Gary, I noticed how different the town was from where I lived. Houses were built on little hills. There were few stores or restaurants in town; most had closed. You were lucky to find a gas station or grocery store. My job was to help build a new school. The work days were long and hot. We awoke at 6 a. m. and worked through the day in 90 degree heat. There were always encouraging people by my side who helped keep me going. Anyway, it was an unforgettable experience. Then last summer, I decided to challenge myself by taking a volunteer trip abroad with some other volunteers and taking up meaningful volunteer work in a foreign community. My destination was a remote village in Honduras, a country in Central America. I wanted to teach science to the poor children there. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Eager to participate, I talked to my parents, but they didn’t say yes at first. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Eager to participate, I talked to my parents, but they didn't say yes at first. They worried about my safety in a foreign country and the challenges I might face. I understood their concerns, but I was determined to make a difference. I assured them of my preparedness and the support I would have from the volunteer group. After much persuasion, they finally agreed, and I felt a sense of relief and excitement. Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching. We gathered resources, planned lessons, and practiced our teaching techniques. On the day of departure, we were filled with anticipation and a sense of adventure. Arriving in Honduras, we were greeted by the warm smiles of the villagers. The children were eager to learn, and their enthusiasm made our efforts worthwhile. We taught them about the wonders of science, and in return, they taught us about the beauty of their culture and way of life. It was a mutually beneficial experience that left us all with lasting memories. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者受到朋友的启发，对参与志愿者活动产生了浓厚的兴趣，并成功报名参加了前往美国西弗吉尼亚州加里市的志愿者旅行。在那里，作者参与了建设新学校的工作，尽管工作辛苦，但得到了周围人的鼓励和支持，收获了一段难忘的经历。之后，作者决定挑战自己，想参加一次国外的志愿者活动。作者的目的地是中美洲国家洪都拉斯的一个偏远村庄，想教那里的穷孩子科学。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我急切地想参与进来，于是和父母谈了谈，但他们一开始没有同意。”可知，第一段可描写作者劝说父母同意他去国外参加志愿者的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“然后我们没有浪费时间准备我们的科学教学。”可知，第二段可描写作者准备出发和到那里做志愿者的感受。 2.续写线索：父母担心——作者保证——劝说同意——准备出发——受到热情欢迎——留下美好回忆 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①担心：worry about/be concerned about ②决定：determine/decide/make a decision ③到达：arrive in/get to/reach 情绪类 ①松了口气：feel a sense of relief /in relief/sigh of relief ②渴望的：eager/anxious/longing 【点睛】[高分句型1]. I assured them of my preparedness and the support I would have from the volunteer group.（省略关系代词的定语从句修饰先行词the support） [高分句型2]. Arriving in Honduras, we were greeted by the warm smiles of the villagers.（现在分词作状语） [高分句型3]. It was a mutually beneficial experience that left us all with lasting memories.（运用了强调句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届河南省开封市顺河回族区一模 英语试卷 考生须知： 1．本卷满分150分，考试时间90分钟； 2．答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。 3．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效 一、听力选择题 1. What does the woman suggest the man do first? A．Have the machine repaired. B．Read the operations manual. C．Try the buttons one by one. 2. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Classmates B．Colleagues. C．Teacher and student. 3. What will the speakers do today A．Go to an art show. B．Meet the man's aunt. C．Eat out with Mark. 4. What does the man want to do? A．Cancel an order. B．Ask for a receipt. C．Reschedule a delivery. 5. When will the next train to Bedford leave? A．At 9:45. B．At 10:15. C．At 11:00. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What will the weather be like today? A．Stormy B．Sunny. C．Foggy. 7. What is the man going to do? A．Plant a tree. B．Move his car. C．Check the map. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. Why is Kathy in California now? A．She is on vacation there. B．She has just moved there. C．She is doing business there. 9. What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona? A．Husband and wife. B．Brother and sister. C．Father and daughter. 10. What does Kathy thank Dave for? A．Finding her a new job. B．Sending her a present. C．Calling on her mother. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. How did Jack go to school when he was a child? A．By bike. B．On foot. C．By bus. 12. What is Jack's attitude toward parents driving their kids to school? A．Disapproving. B．Encouraging. C．Understanding. 13. What is the problem with some parents according to the woman? A．Overprotecting their children. B．Pushing their children too hard. C．Having no time for their children. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first? A．To keep records of her progress. B．To sell home-grown vegetables. C．To motivate her fellow gardeners. 15. Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries? A．They need no special care. B．They can be used in cooking. C．They bear a lot of fruit soon. 16. What is difficult for Marie to grow? A．Herbs. B．Carrots. C．Pears. 17. What is Marie's advice to those interested in kitchen gardening? A．Aim high. B．Keep focused. C．Stay optimistic. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18. What is "Life of Johnson"? A．A magazine column. B．A TV series. C．A historical novel. 19. What is Johnson famous for? A．His acting talent. B．His humorous writing. C．His long sports career. 20. When did Johnson join Sports Times? A．In 1981. B．In 1983. C．In 1985. 二、阅读理解 A Fungi Can Help Concrete Heal Its Own Cracks Cracks are very common in concrete structures due to various chemical and physical phenomena that occur during everyday use. And tiny cracks can be quite harmful because they provide an easy route in for liquids and gasses — and the harmful substances they might contain. For instance, micro-cracks can allow water and oxygen to infiltrate and then corrode the steel, leading to structural failure. But continuous maintenance and repair work is difficult because it usually requires an enormous amount of labor and investment. Scientists have been trying to figure out how these harmful cracks could heal themselves without human intervention. The idea was originally inspired by the amazing ability of the human body to heal itself of cuts, bruises and broken bones. A person takes in nutrients which the body uses to produce new substitutes to heal damaged tissues. In the same way, can we provide necessary products to concrete to fill in cracks when damage happens? Through long time research, scientists have found an unusual candidate to help concrete heal itself: a fungus called T. reesei. It is found that as calcium hydroxide from concrete dissolved in water, the pH of the fungal growth medium increased from a close-to-neutral original value of 6.5 all the way to a very alkaline 13.0. Of all the fungi tested, only T. reesei could survive this environment. Despite the drastic pH increase, its spores germinated into threadlike hyphal mycelium and grew equally well with or without concrete. Scientists propose including fungal spores, together with nutrients, during the initial mixing process when building a new concrete structure. When the inevitable cracking occurs and water finds its way in, the dormant fungal spores will germinate. As they grow, they’ll work as a catalyst within the calcium-rich conditions of the concrete to promote precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals. These mineral deposits can fill in the cracks. When the cracks are completely caulked and no more water can enter, the fungi will again form spores. If cracks form again and environmental conditions become favorable, the spores could wake up and repeat the process. T. reesei is eco-friendly, posing no known risk to human health. In fact, T. reesei has a long history of safe use in industrial-scale production of carbohydrase enzymes, such as cellulase, which plays an important role in fermentation processes during winemaking. Of course, researchers will need to conduct a thorough assessment to investigate any possible immediate and long-term effects on the environment and human health prior to its use as a healing agent in concrete infrastructure. 1. According to the passage, tiny cracks in concrete structures may lead to ________. A. Disfunction even collapse of the entire structure B. Continuous maintenance and rebuilding C. Leakage of liquids and gasses D. Waste of water and oxygen 2. What can we know about T. reesei? A. It is widely used in building concrete structures. B It can survive in extreme environment. C. It can help the concrete cracks heal. D. It is a newly discovered fungi. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. T. reesei might be used on human. B. The research is still at its initially stage. C. T. reesei is unreplaceable in winemaking. D. T. reesei has long-term effects on human health B “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 4 What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 5. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 6. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 7. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 8. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 9. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 10. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 11. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 12. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 13. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 14. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 15. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. E Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____16____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____17____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____18____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____19____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____20____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 三、完形填空 I’m a 47-year-old teacher. I am so blessed to work in the greatest ____21____ for 20 years. Despite the ___22___ schedule and hard work, I finish each day feeling I have made a ____23____ . This is the drive that keeps me ____24____ and passionate. As Christa ‘ McAuliffe said, “I touch the future, I teach.” When I was named Maryland Teacher of the Year, I received a congratulatory e-mail from a former student who is now ____25____ Georgetown University and is a leader in the student-run Women in Politics group. Recently, I watched a college basketball game to find another former student ____26____ up and down the court for Georgetown. Walking through a supermarket yesterday, I ____27____ encountered a former student, who handed me a business card for the company he started, at age twenty-two. Another student said he is in the ____28____ of applying for law school at Howard University. Believe it or not, I ____29____ former students with similar success stories nearly every week. Seeing their success and knowing that I was able to make a small ____30____ to their success is the greatest ____31____. Those glorious moments ____32____ me to continue hoping to play a role in the life of every child. Sometimes, while I am watching my ____33____ students working in class, I try to ____34____ what they will be doing ten years from now. I would not ____35____ my career for any other. I literally touch the future every day. 21. A. business B. company C. profession D. project 22. A. light B. tight C. flexible D. casual 23. A. difference B. fortune C. name D. promise 24. A. generous B. independent C. curious D. inspired 25. A. leaving B. joining C. attending D. visiting 26. A. cheering B. pacing C. judging D. running 27. A. unavoidably B. unexpectedly C. unconditionally D. unquestioningly 28. A. habit B. form C. hope D. process 29. A. came across B. picked up C. calmed down D. turned to 30. A. change B. contribution C. proposal D. chance 31. A. help B. praise C. reward D. response 32. A. pressure B. block C. fuel D. corner 33. A. current B. regular C. top D. average 34. A. realize B. picture C. confirm D. doubt 35. A. charge B. prepare C. provide D. trade 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 August 3rd is Watermelon Day, an annual holiday that celebrates everyone’s favorite summer fruit. ____36____ (make) of almost 92% water, the fruit is full of vitamin A and vitamin C and antioxidants (抗氧化剂). So what are you waiting for? Get yourself a few slices of watermelon ____37____ (celebrate) this delicious holiday. Watermelon is an ancient food that ____38____ (believe) to have originated in Africa. Historians have found evidence of watermelon planting as far back as 4,000 years ago. Today, ____39____ (variety) of the fruit are grown in warm parts of the world. Because of ____40____ (it) high water content, watermelon is a kind of thirst -quenching (解渴的) fruit. In fact, in the Kalahari Desert, ____41____ watermelon is called “tsamma”, it is one of the main sources of water during the dry, hot season. In the past, people ____42____ (go) across the desert only during a good tsamma season. Some studies have shown that the antioxidants in watermelon can reduce the risk of some types of cancer. Moreover, all parts of the fruit are eatable. Its flesh can be eaten ____43____ (direct) or juiced. In many parts of the world, ____44____ thick green outer covering of the fruit serves ____45____ a dish, and its seeds are dried, roasted and enjoyed like nuts. 五、书信写作 46. 2022年北京冬奥会将如期举行，目前正在招募志愿者。假如你是李华，红星中学的一名学生，希望能成为其中一员，请用英文给组委会写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 个人介绍； 2. 自身优势； 3. 强烈意愿。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir/Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 六、书面表达 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As my mom says, love is simple. There came a time in my life, over two years ago, when I had the desire to impact someone’s life positively. My friend Kelley told me about a volunteer trip she had taken to Gary, West Virginia, and it was a life-changing experience. After looking into service opportunities, I signed up to take a volunteer trip to Gary. Volunteer trips have become increasingly popular among young people seeking meaningful experiences. They gain access to a wide range of volunteer projects concerning various fields such as education, environmental conservation, community development, and more. When we arrived in Gary, I noticed how different the town was from where I lived. Houses were built on little hills. There were few stores or restaurants in town; most had closed. You were lucky to find a gas station or grocery store. My job was to help build a new school. The work days were long and hot. We awoke at 6 a. m. and worked through the day in 90 degree heat. There were always encouraging people by my side who helped keep me going. Anyway, it was an unforgettable experience. Then last summer, I decided to challenge myself by taking a volunteer trip abroad with some other volunteers and taking up meaningful volunteer work in a foreign community. My destination was a remote village in Honduras, a country in Central America. I wanted to teach science to the poor children there. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Eager to participate, I talked to my parents, but they didn’t say yes at first. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Then we wasted no time in getting ready for our science teaching. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$