上海市吴淞中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中质量检测英语试题

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Fresh warning sounded on plastics problem Walk along any beach in the world, no matter how isolated, and you will see plastic of some kind washed up on the shoreline, (21) _________ (offer) a reminder of the reckless throwaway culture of the present-day world. Lately, a study (22) _________ (sound) a fresh warning on the damage caused to the marine ecosystem due to discarded plastic, which eventually has a bearing on human health due to the seafood we consume. In a paper (23) _________ (title) "A Growing Plastic Smog" published on March 8, 2023 in the peer-reviewed research journal Plos One, researchers called on governments around the world (24) _________ (take) sweeping action to address the "unprecedented plastic pollution" of the world's oceans. The plastics break down over time into minute particles that cannot be detected by the naked eye, but find their way into the marine ecosystem and into the seafood humans consume. No one knows for certain (25) _________ the long-term damage will be to marine life and humans, but the study placed much of the blame on the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. "(26) _________ eaten micro-plastics can severely damage an animal's internal tissues. Globally, we have reached a situation (27) _________ we can no longer ignore the plastic pollution pandemic that is infecting our oceans," he said. "This research show us that beach cleanups and citizen science projects that focus on the environmental fate of plastics have little impact on solving the enormity of the plastic problem. Marcus Eriksen, lead author of the study, said in a statement that the findings were a "serious warning (28) _________ we must act now at a global scale." "We've found an alarming trend of rapid growth of micro-plastics in the global ocean since the millennium, which (29) _________ (expect) to reach over 170 trillion plastic particles," said Eriksen, adding that the rapid increase in micro-plastics across the world's oceans makes (30) _________ necessary to "bring in an age of corporate responsibility for the entire life of the things they make." Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Huizhou heritage comes to life A. hints B. dominant C. oriented D. duly E. rhyme F. featuring G. preservation H. inheritance I. symbolizes J. historically K. morality It was a natural choice for veteran Huang Yu, after serving in the army and owning a business in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, for years, to go back to his hometown in Xidi village, Huangshan, Anhui province, in 2016. He took over the home-stay his parents opened when he was a middle school student. In 2000, Xidi and the nearby Hongcun village were declared World Heritage sites by UNESCO for their outstanding __31__ of rural architecture dating to the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. Now, walking along the blue-stone streets in Xidi or Hongcun, visitors can appreciate the distinctive Huizhou-style houses, __32__ white walls, dark tiles and layered horse-head gables, and feel like they are immersed in a traditional Chinese ink painting. This level of preservation could not be achieved without the participation of local residents. According to Huang, this awareness is not new. Since all streets and lanes in Xidi are paved with blue-stone, __33__ street dealers carrying goods on shoulder poles were forbidden from letting their poles touch the ground in order to protect the blue-stone. A local folk __34__ says: "One is not lucky to be born in Huizhou. At 13 or 14 he is kicked out of his hometown to make a living." It __35__ at the struggles once endured by the people of Huizhou. Toward the end of the Ming Dynasty, a group of Huizhou merchants became famous, trading in salt, wood and tea, and working as pawnbrokers（当铺老板）with a reputation for __36__ and honesty. "Some folk customs have been maintained and newly __37__ toward tourism, offering glimpses into the lives of the ancient Huizhou people." These customs are revived as a demonstration for tourists, and to maintain the __38__ of traditional culture. Zhang Wangnan, director of the China Huizhou Culture Museum in Huangshan says "This __39__ the combination of invisible with visible cultural heritage." He further suggests that the old Huizhou villages explore and find their own unique, marketable themes. "Each of them should find a __40__ local feature, whether it is tea, chrysanthemum or rapeseed flowers, and then make it the theme of the village, so that they can give full play to their distinctive cultural charm." III. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. According to a survey conducted by wenjuan.com for the China Youth Daily, 71.0 percent of the 1.538 people investigated said they watched short videos on a __41__ basis. 61.8 percent believed that long-term viewing of short videos could interfere with their normal social interactions; and 65.2 percent suggested that video platforms take immediate action to issue regular __42__ so that users could take a break. This appeal for external aids to help __43__ the addictive habit hints at the destructive hold short videos have on the majority -- many of them are not completely __44__ self-control in other circumstances. Another recent survey of teens found 65.6 percent of them have watched short videos, and 20 percent of them just couldn't stop watching. For as you click on those seemingly __45__ videos, your life will be thrown into a mindless spiral（螺旋）as we eagerly move from one piece to the next, each lasting 20 to 30 seconds, and are shocked, amused, and angry in rapid __46__. You never have a chance to get __47__, for you are always curious about what the next piece would be like, __48__ more. All that is needed is a slight twitching（抽动）of one of your fingers. Respondents do believe some videos could be useful by teaching you how to cook, how to apply make-up, practice wellness, or buy things. There was even an alleged（声称但未经证实的）telecom criminal publicizing his __49__ and daring the police to catch him in Dubai, according to him. It is shocking to realize that a published video itself would have __50__ acquired a degree of truth and enough to prevent all intentions and the need for checking, even __51__ such basic facts as the identity of the person who posted it. So it is natural that 36.7 percent of the respondents in the wenjuan.com survey cited the issue of false and misleading content in short videos as an issue, and relevant authorities should have stepped in long ago to __52__ it. Yes, teen-only modes have been __53__ for some time, but it is so easy for children to avoid this. __54__, there is equal need for a mechanism to prevent adults from becoming addicted, especially by limiting the time they are allowed to view the videos. Thus, when 37.0 percent of the respondents said that, as far as viewing habits are concerned, parents should be a role model to prevent the imitation of teens. Maybe all parents should __55__ their mobile phones for a moment of self-reflection. 41. A. regular B. personal C. social D. satisfied 42. A. signals B. innovation C. alerts D. clues 43. A. kick B. develop C. foster D. deprive 44. A. with B. under C. through D. without 45. A. attractive B. unharmful C. meaningful D. popular 46. A. speed B. continuousness C. transition D. movement 47. A. thrilled B. horrified C. bored D. delighted 48. A. expecting B. growing C. addicting D. foreseeing 49. A. competence B. identification C. enthusiasm D. willingness 50. A. automatically B. consciously C. insanely D. likely 51. A. ignoring B. predicting C. meditating D. regarding 52. A. represent B. address C. interfere D. stress 53. A. on schedule B. out of order C. in place D. in need 54. A. In fact B. For example C. Therefore D. Instead 55. A. focus on B. live without C. give way to D. put aside Section B Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) When ten-year-old Reese Osterberg lost her Fresno County, California, home to one of the largest wildfires in state history early last fall, she had a very pressing concern: did anyone grab her baseball cards? No one had. With a houseful of kids and dogs and a farm's worth of horses to evacuate, the family forgot the cards during the stress. Naturally, the diehard（顽固的）San Francisco Giants and Little League supporter was upset. When she watched the Giants on TV, she would lay out each player's card on the floor in his corresponding field position. "I like baseball cards because they are pictures of people doing happy stuff -- doing what they love, and what I love." said Reese. Reese's loss touched the hearts of the Fresno County fire department, which posted her story on its Facebook page with a request to help Reese restore her baseball card collection. That, in turn, touched the heart of Kevin Ashford. Ashford knew exactly where Reese could find replacement cards: in his garage. He had more than 25,000 in his collection, with an exact value of 25,000 to 50,000. Ashford had been thinking about selling them when he saw the fire department's post. "I wasn't really doing anything with them," said Ashford, "I thought I could take care of this problem rather quickly." First volunteers transported the cards from Ashford's garage to theirs and then surprised Reese during a tour of the firehouse. Towers of Ashford's cards were piled in front of the fire engine. After thanking Ashford, Reese was quick to share the thousands of baseball cards she received from Ashford and donors around the country with other kids affected by California's Creek Fire. She's gotten so many, in fact, that she started Cards From Reese, an organization that collects cards and donates them to those in need. Reese is especially happy to part with Los Angeles Dodgers cards. As she explains it: "Go Giants!" 56. Why did Reese lose her her baseball cards? A. She had a very large concern. B. The family forgot where Reese put the cards. C. Her house was burnt by the destructive fire. D. Someone from a houseful of kids took away her cards. 57. What does the underlined word "evacuate" in Para 2 mean? A. flee B. resettle C. raise D. withdraw 58. After Ashford saw the post, he _________. A. wanted to sell the cards to the department. B. transported the cards to the firehouse C. decided to donate his cards to Reese D. prepared to sell his cards to Reese in his garage 59. Reese established "Cards from Reese" in order to _________. A. Give cards to people in need B. share her passion for baseball with others C. collect all her cards for some benefits D. get help from the Fresno County Fire department (B) If you are coming to Bondi Beach, a suburb of Sydney, try to leave your car at home. Public transport in Sydney is pretty dismal but parking can be even more of a problem at the beach. · Bus Service All buses from the city start from Circular Quay and the ride to Bondi Beach takes 45 minutes. The bus may be numbered 380 or 333 with the destination showing North Bondi, Dover Heights, Watsons Bay or Bondi Beach. Together this is called "the 380 bus" and all buses go to Bondi Beach. · Other Bus Adventures Apart from the well-known 380, lots of other bus services wind their way through the back streets. Bus drivers, trying to be helpful, will not suggest any of these routes for fear your trip will take longer or you will become lost. But here are a few worth trying: The 389 bus runs every 10 minutes all day (20 minutes on Sundays and 30 min after 8pm daily) and goes through the historic back streets of Paddington, following the route of an old trolley car service. You will pass a whole street of coffee shops in East Sydney, past the gates of the DarlinghurstGaol, through streets lined with terrace houses（联排公寓）, then on to Bondi Junction. The 389 travels along GlenayrAenue at Bondi Beach which is a long block but a level walk to the beach. The 400 Bus goes to the University of NSW, The Prince of Wales Hospital, East-gardens and the Airport. This bus runs every five minutes on weekends and every 10 minutes on weekends. Service are less frequent after 7 pm and finish around 11pm. For shopperholics, the 400 takes you directly to the East-gardens Shopping Centre. Every 20 minutes a 400 bus continues on to the Domestic and International airport terminals. The 380 bus to Watsons Bay terminates at North Bondi, but some 380 buses continue on to Watsons Bay, which is a great excursion for tourists. At Watsons Bay there is famous lookout, great views of the harbour and the ocean, a hotel and several cafes, a 30-minute walk to South Head, other bus routes and even a ferry service back to Circular Quay. 60. The underlined word "dismal" is closet to _________ in meaning. A. available B. efficient C. fundamental D. terrible 61. "The 380 bus" is strongly recommended because _________. A. it goes directly to the destination B. it is the safest bus line C. it satisfies various appeals D. it provides best travel experience 62. If you want to enjoy both ocean views and campus scenery, you'd better take _________. A. the 300 bus B. the 380 bus C. the 389 bus D. the 400 bus (C) Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）, and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers is Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene（聚乙烯）, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polythylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物）and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass -- apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food -- beeswax -- also allows them to break down plastic. "Was is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well," she explains, "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond." Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process -- not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic." 63. What can we learn about the worms in the study? A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. 64. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to _________. A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed 65. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might _________. A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future 66. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worms. C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn't lie in the cheaters. B. In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates. C. For example, a much less expensive school might offer an equal or better education than a more highly ranked but costlier one. D. But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student's experience. E. The most selective schools - Princeton, MIT and so forth - don't need ranking to boost their reputation or applicant pool. F. Even as they do so, the criticism of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing. College rankings are misleading. So why do we still use them? Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice. _________67_________ A math professor at Columbia University is challenging the data that the Ivy League school reported to U. S. News & World Report, which earned it the No. 2 ranking this year. A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University's business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted（定罪）in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school's prestige. Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also slightly changed data to boost rankings. _________68_________ The problem is the rankings themselves. They can produce an opposite effect for families to pick schools. Probably few college applicants are aware that the single biggest factor U. S. News uses to rank schools is their reputation among officials at other colleges, who might or might not have deep knowledge of the schools. That accounts for 20% of the score. The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates. But since low-income students are far less likely to graduate within that time period - or ever - than middle-class students, this is more an indication of student richness than academic excellence. _________69_________ U. S. News had made some positive changes in recent years. It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance. _________70_________ The rankings use alumni donations as proxy（指标）for students' happiness with their school. That's a pretty shallow way to measure satisfaction. What most high school students and parents really need to know is whether a college offers a rich choice of courses with good instructors; whether graduates will leave with a load of debt; whether students will feel comfortable and engaged on campus; and whether they'll be prepared for a fulfilling career. IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 71. To Be A Creative Person Without creative people, the world would be a terrible place. Can you imagine a life without art? The thought alone makes me tremble. Could you be the next William Shakespeare, Steven Spielberg, or J. K. Rowling? Creative types don't always get along well with management because they would rather march to the beat of their own drum. Most people have a strong desire to fit in, something that you don't understand. Following the rules makes you uncomfortable. While most people are running and hiding from problems, you purposely seek them because you love nothing more than a fresh new challenge. You wrote a blog many months ago and thought it was wonderful at the time you published it. But then you read it again later and wonder, "What on earth was I thinking?" You then identify approximately a thousand ways it could have been better and kick yourself for being so stupid. A brain lacking curiosity is not creative. Some writers go to a country house or beach to write novels for a reason. Some atmospheres are more helpful to creativity than others. Maybe you like to pack up your laptop and go to a coffee shop, downtown bench, or under a tree at the park. Whatever the case may be, you need to know where to go to develop your creativity. Inspiration doesn't happen on its own. Whether it is the opening of an art gallery, a theatrical production, or live music at a downtown bar, you search for inspiration wherever you can find it. It's nice to know you're not alone in your desire to create. Whether a person who hates you thinks your art is bad, a family member thinks you deserve a real job, or a friend thinks your ideas will never work, and you will never give in to outside pressure. V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. “买一送一”是常见的促销手段，但赠品质量却往往不尽如人意。为什么不直接打折呢？(far from) 73. 纵观人类历史，一个民族无法顺应时代的变化，就难以在全球激烈的竞争中存活下来。(survive) 74. 在传统文化中注入创意能吸引更多年轻人，但原汁原味地传承我们的传统如茶道，古诗词也很重要。(pass) 75. 相比较而言，新型购买方式一一直播，可以让主持人与观众在线互动，提升消费者购物体验，刺激经济发展。(allow) VI. Guided Writing Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76. 假设你是汇文中学的李星，你很像成为一名美食评论员(food critic)，学校校报主编给你布置了一个任务-- 针对你校周围新开的一家中餐馆，写一篇餐馆评论(review)。你的文章应含有以下内容： 1. 你的用餐经历；（可以提到食物质量，用餐环境，服务态度等方面） 2. 你是否会推荐该餐馆。 参考答案 21. offering. 22. was sounded. 23. titled. 24. to take. 25. what. 26. If. 27. where. 28. that. 29. is expected. 30. it 31. G. 32. F. 33. J. 34. E. 35. A. 36. K. 37. C. 38. H. 39. I. 40. B 41-45ACADB. 46-50BCABA. 51-55DBCAD 56. C. 57. D. 58. C 59. A 60. D. 61. A. 62. D 63. C 64. B 65. D 66. C 67. F. 68. A. 69. B. 70. D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$