专题21 名词性从句（主语从句+宾语从句+表语从句+同位语从句）-【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（广东小高考专用）

专题21 名词性从句 ◆主语从句 一、定义 主语是放在句首，谓语动词前。若一个句子放在句首，则称为主语从句。 Guangzhou has many yummy dishes. 广州有很多美食。 主语（名词） What she likes to eat is shrimp dumplings.她喜欢吃的是虾饺。 主语（句子） 二、引导词 1．连词--that，whether that没有意义，不做任何成分；whether 译为“是否”，不做任何成分。 ［That I finally made my dream come true］surprised him. 我终于实现了我的梦想让他很吃惊。 ［Whether he will join in us］is not sure. 他是否加入我们还不确定。 2．连接代词--who，whose，whom，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接代词有其意思，在从句中充当成分（主语，宾语，定语等） ［What surprised him］is my ability to fulfill my dream.（what做从句的主语） 让他惊讶的事情就是我实现梦想的能力。 ［What he said］is right.（what做从句的宾语） 他所说的是对的。 3．连接副词--when，where，why，how 连接副词在从句中充当成分（状语） ［How this could be done］was a challenging question.（how做方式状语，译为“怎样，如何”） 这个如何去完成是一个有挑战性的问题。 ［Where I spend my summer］is not sure.（where做地点状语，译为“哪里”） 我在哪里过暑假还没有确定。 三、It作形式主语引导主语从句 如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，一般用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。 1．用it作形式主语的结构： （1）It is／was＋形容词＋that从句 It's natural that... 平常／自然的是······ It's obvious that... 显而易见的是······ It's fortunate/lucky that... 幸运的是······ It's possible... 可能的是······ It's unlikely／impossible that... 不可能的是······ It's strange that... 奇怪的是······ （2）It is／was＋名词＋that从句 It's a pity that... 遗憾的是······ It's a fact that... 事实是······ It's an honor that... 非常荣幸······ It's a shame that... 可耻的是······ （3）It＋不及物动词＋that从句 It seems that...似乎 It happened that...碰巧 It appears that...看来 It turns out that...结果 （4）It is／was＋过去分词＋that从句 It's said that...据说······ It's reported that... 据报道······ It's believed that...据认为······ It's estimated that...据估计······ It suddenly struck me (occurred to me)that... 我突然想到（感觉到）······ 综合练习： 1． as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used. A.The estimate B.The estimate C.They are estimated D.It is estimated that 2． was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. A.That B.Which C.Who D.What 3． we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents. A. Whoever B. Whatever C.However D.That 4． you say now can't make up for what you've done. A. No matter B. Whatever C.However D.That 5． knows the answer should raise your hand. A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Whenever D.Wherever 6． It seems you like to work with children. A.that B.what C.why D.when 7． We lost our way in the forest, and made matters worse was that it was getting dark. A.that B.which C.it D.what 8． occurred to him that he had forgotten to lock the door when he left home. A. This B.It C. That D.These 9． or not is still uncertain. A.He's coming B. If he is coming C.That coming D. Whether he's coming 10.It is that the bridge has existed for more than three centuries. A.appeared B.risen C.said D.born 11. will bring up the children hasn't been decided yet. A.What B.Who C.How D.Why 12. is a pity that he failed in the race. A. What B.That C.He D.It 13. book you borrow must be returned within a week. A.How B.Which C. Whichever D.That's 14. is troubling me is that I don't have much experience in international commerce. A.It B.That C.Which D.What 15. they will go there to try another experiment has not been decided yet. A.Whether B.If C.About whether D.Why 16. makes mistakes must correct them. A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 参考答案 1-5 DDBBA 6-10 ADBDC 11-15 BDCDA 16 C ◆宾语从句 一、定义 宾语是放在谓语动词/介词后，如果是一个句子放在动词/介词后，则这个句子叫宾语从句。 I know that she will come tomorrow. 我知道她明天回来。 （主语I，谓语动词know，that引导的句子叫宾语从句，做know的宾语） I am satisfied with what he did. 我很满意他做的事情。 （主语I，what引导的句子叫宾语从句，做with介词的宾语） 二、宾语从句三要素 宾语从句需要掌握三个点，即引导词、时态、语序。 （一）引导词 引导词有三类：that；wh开头的疑问词；if／whether 1． that that无词义，不充当任何句子成分，只是起连接作用。在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 Everybody knows（that）the Earth goes around the sun. 每个人都知道地球围绕太阳转。 2． if/whether if或whether，意为“是否”，不充当任何句子成分，只是起连接作用。 Alice wondered if/whether her grandmother liked the bag. Alice想知道她奶奶是否喜欢这个包。 【注意】在下列情况下，也只能用 whether ①句末后有or not时 She wondered whether her grandma like the cat or not. ②介词＋whether I am interested in whether he passed the exam.我对他是否通过了考试感兴趣。 ③ to do 前，只用whether引导，即 whether to do She wondered whether to visit her grandma. 她想知道是否要去探望奶奶。 3．WH--开头的疑问词 根据句子的情况，去选择相应的疑问词引导。 I don't know where I can buy the books. 我不知道我可以在哪里买这些书。 即时演练A 1．I didn't know he would come or not. A.that B. whether C.weather D.if 2．He told me she caught the early bus. A.which B.whether C.where D.that 3．Jack isn't sure students there are in his class. A.how many B.what C.which D.that 4．Can you tell me language she speaks? A.what B.why C.that D.whether 5．I've decided to go to London． I was wondering you could go with me. A.if B.when C.that D.where 6．I don't know he will come tomorrow. he comes,I'll tell you. A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;if 7．We'll plant trees tomorrow, and I don't know Tom will come and join us. A.whether B.which C.what D.where 8．I can't remember I put the book, and I need it for my homework now. A.what B.how C.where D.why （二）时态 1．主句是一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况去变化（主现从随） She knows that her mum will come tomorrow.（从句是将来时） 她知道她妈妈明天会来。 She knows that her mum came yesterday.（从句是一般过去时） 她知道她妈妈昨天来了。 2．主句是一般过去时，从句也要变成过去相关的时态。（主过从必过） She said that she gave me a call last night.（从句是一般过去时） 她说她昨天晚上给我打电话了。 He said that he was watching TV at that time.（从句是过去进行时） 他说当时正在看电视。 【注意】Would／Could you...提问的主句，只是表示语气的委婉，并不表示过去时态。 Could you tell me how I can get to the airport？你能告诉我我怎么去机场么？ （Could you..表示请求，could用过去式是委婉，不是表示过去，所以宾语从句用一般现在时，而不是过去时） 3．宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句用一般现在时。 The teacher said that Earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球围绕太阳转。 即时演练B 1．Can you tell me why yesterday? A.you didn't come B.did you not come C.didn't you come D.you don't come 2．I wondered . A. how much this pair of shoes costs B.how much do this pair of shoes cost C. how much this pair of shoes cost D. how much are this pair of shoes cost 3．I want to know his homework yesterday evening. A.if he finished B.whether he had finished C.had she finished D.has she finished 4．He said that light much faster than sound. A.traveled B.will travel C.travels D.is traveling 5．Our teacher said that the moon around the earth. A.turn B.turned C.has turned D.turns 6．Do you know of the three? A.which book she likes best B. which best book does she like C.that which book she likes best D.which book she best likes （三）语序 宾语从句的语序，要用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其它”的语序。情态动词／助动词不能放在主语前面。 She asked whether she could go back home earlier.她问是否能早点回家。 引导词 主语 谓语 Could you tell me where the bank is？ 你能告诉我银行在哪儿么？ 引导词 主语 谓语 【注意】引导词本身也可以做宾语从句的主语，则有【引导词＋谓语＋其他】，如： ①what's wrong？（怎么了） ② what is／was the matter？（怎么了？） ③what happened to sb（某人发生了什么） ④what／which is right？（什么／哪一个是对的） ⑤ what is going on？（发生什么） 即时演练C 1．Can you tell me yesterday? A.what they do B.what they did C. what do they do D.what did they do 2．Can you tell me with him? A.What the matter is B.what is the matter C.what the matter was 3． ---Do you know tomorrow? ---At 8 o'clock. A.when did she come B.when she came C.when will she come D.when she will come 4．The woman asked the policeman where . A.the post office is B.the post office was C.is the post office D.was the post office 5．Bob asked me . A.what was she doing B.what is she doing C.what she was doing D.what she is doing 三、宾语从句的简化 若从句的主语与主句的主语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词＋不定式（to do）”结构。 I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do. 我不知道我改做什么 Could you tell me how I can get to the airport?→ Could you tell me how to get to the airport? 你能告诉我我怎么去机场么？ 四、宾语从句的否定前移 当宾语从句是否定，若满足以下两个条件，需要把从句的否定转移到主句上。 ①当主句主语是第一人称且时态是一般现在时； ②主语的谓语动词是believe，consider，suppose，imagine，think时 I don't think he will stick out to the last moment. 我认为他不会坚持到最后一刻。 综合练习 1．The teacher asked us . A.when did I finish my work B.why didn't we tell him about it earlier C.what we were interested in D.where we are going to have our lunch 2．My mother asked me . A.why he is not here B.where Julia went last weekend C. how I go to school D.where did I have lunch. 3． ---I'm new here. Could you please tell me ? ---It's over there behind that tower. A.where the youth centre is B.when the library opens C.how far is the amusement park D.how can I get to the underground station 4． ---I want to know on WeChat every day. ---About half an hour. A.how long do you spend B.how long you spend C.how soon do you spend D.how soon you spend 5． ---Excuse me, could you tell me ? ---There is a bank on the second floor. You can make it there. A. where is the bank B. how can I get to the bank C. if there's a bank near here D. where I can exchange money 6． ---Excuse me, Mr.Ma. Could you tell me ? ---I'm not sure, but it's said it'll be on next Monday afternoon. A. where we'll have the graduation ceremony B. how soon will we have the graduation ceremony C. when we'll have the graduation ceremony D. When will we have the graduation ceremony 7．Mike was not listening carefully, so he failed to hear . A.what the teacher said B.how the teacher say C.what did the teacher say D.how did the teacher say 8．What a lovely toy car! Could you tell me ? A.why did you get it B.when will you get it C.where you got it D.how will you get it 9．I wondered there. A.how can I get B.how to get C.how get D.how I get 10.Excuse me, can you tell me ? A.why was the train late B. why the train was late C. why is the train late D. why the train is late 11.Tom asked to school late. A.who did often come B.who often came C.why had she left D.why she comes 12.Would you tell me ? A.how I could go there B.How could I go there C.How can I go there D.How I can go there 13.Excuse me, can you tell me ? A.why was the train late B.why the train was late C.why is the train late D.why the train is late 14.Do you know ? A.who was he B.who is he C.where do she go D.what is going on 15.I think he will come tomorrow. A.won't B.don't C.can't D.may not 参考答案 即时演练A 1-5CDAAA 6-8 DAC 即时演练B 1-5 ACACD 6 A 即时演练C 1-5 BBDBC 综合练习 1-5 CBABD 6-10 CACBB 11-15 BDBDB ◆表语从句 一、定义 表语表语说明主语的是什么（身份／性质）；怎么样（状态）；在哪里。表语常跟在系动词后 She is an actor. 她是一个演员。（an actor是表语，说明she的身份） She looks happy. 她看起来很开心。（happy是表语，说明she的状态） It is awesome to go where the wind blows. 去有风的地方很棒。（awesome是表语） 【注意】常见的系动词 1．be动词 2．感官类 look，smell，sound，taste，feel 3．“变成”类 become，turn，get，grow，go，come 4．“保持”类 keep，remain，stay 5．似乎 seem，appear 系动词之后的成分叫表语，如果表语是一个完整的句子，那就叫表语从句，表语从句的语序是陈述语序，即【连词＋主语＋谓语＋其他】 Dreams are what you hope for. 梦想是你所希望的。 Our question is whether he will come back tomorrow. 我们的问题是他明天是否回来。 二、引导词 1．从属连词 that，whether，as though（if）； ①that 没有意义，不做成分，即从句结构，意思完整；whether译为“是否”，不做任何成分。 The fact is that I have no idea. 实际上，我什么都不知道。 The question is whether we need more water. 问题是我们是否需要更多的水。 【注意】 ①主语是表示事实，真理，看法，观点的名词，常用that引导表语从句，如fact（事实），truth（真理），idea/opinion/view（想法），belief（信仰），suggestion（建议），plan（计划） ②表达是否时，只能用whether引导表语从句，不能用if ②as if，as though 译为“好像”，常放在“look，seem，appear”后。 It seems as if our team is going to win. 看起来我们队要赢了。 It looks as if she is ill. 看起来她病了。 2．疑问代词who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever．whichever等 疑问代词都有其意思，会在从句中充当成分 That is what I will tell you. 那就是我要告诉你的（事情）。 （what在从句中做tell的宾语） The question is who can answer the question. 问题是谁来回答这个问题。 （who做表从的主语） 3．疑问副词when，where，why，how，however，whenever．wherever等。 That is why she failed the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。（why做原因状语） 【注意】这几个句型（以下4个句型是典型的表语从句的句型） That/This/It is why...（这就是为什么...） The reason is that...（原因是...） It/That is because...（那是因为...） The reason why...is that....（...的原因是...） That is why she failed the exam. 那就是为啥她考试不及格。 The reason is that she didn't go over it. 原因就是她没有复习 That is because I don't like chicken. 那是因为我不喜欢鸡。 四、语气 主语为request，requirement，demand（要求）；suggestion，advice（建议），order（命令）的名词，之后的表语从句，谓语动词需要用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.我的建议时我们明天一早出发。 综合练习--单项选择 1． The reason why he failed is he was too careless. A.because B.that C.for D.because of 2．Go and get your coat． It's you left it A.where B.there C.there where D.where there 3．The problem is to take the place of Ted. A. who can we get B.what we can get C.who we can get D.that we can get 4． What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us. A.that B.if C.whether D./ 5．The reason is I missed the bus. A.that B.when C.why D.what 6．That is they separated. A.that B.when C.why D.what 7．She looked she were ten years younger. A.that B.like C.as D.as though 8． ---I fell sick! ---I think it is you are doing too much. A.why B.when C.what D.because 9． ---He was born here. ---That is he likes the place so much. A.that B.what C.why D.how 10.That is Lu Xun once lived. A.what B.where C.that D.why 11.The question is we will have our sports meeting next week. A.that B.if C.when D.whether 12.The reason I have to go is my mother is ill in bed. A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because 13.One advantage of playing the guitar is it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A.how B.why C.that D.when 14．Failure is often happens in or life. A.whether B.how C.that D.what 15．It is work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. A.because B.why C.that D.how 参考答案 1-5 BACCA 6-10 CDDCB 11-15 DCCDA ◆同位语从句 一、定义 同位语是指放在名词，代词后，用于补充说明，解释。同位语和所补充说明的名词，地位相等，若去掉，意义也不大变。 Tom，my friend's ex，is a jerk. 汤姆，我朋友的前任，是一个混蛋。 I am the oldest among them six． 我是他们6个最大。 若一个句子放在名词，代词后，起解释补充作用的，则是同位语从句 二、同位语常见的先行词 1．消息，信息类 fact（事实），news，information，message（消息），evidence（证据），rumor（谣言），statement（声明/报告），instruction（指示） 2．可能性 possibility，probability 3．要求 requirement，request 4．建议 suggestion，advice，recommendation 5．命令 order 6．其他 thought（想法），hope（希望）；problem（问题），question（问题），truth（真理）；belief（信仰），doubt（疑问），conclusion（结论），wish（希望），warning（警告），chance（机会/概率） 【注意】当先行词为要求，建议，命令，其后的同位语从句，谓语动词需要用should ＋动词原形，should可以省略。 We should consider the students' request that the school library (should) provide more books on popular science.我们应该仔细斟酌学生们的请求——学校的图书馆应该提供更多关于大众科学的书。 My suggestion that we (should) start early tomorrow was turned down. 明天一早出发的建议被驳回了。 The order that he (should) come here on time was given by the manager. 他按时到这儿来的命令是经理下的。 三、引导词 1．连词--that，whether that没有意义，不做任何成分；whether 译为“是否”，不做任何成分。 Many foreigners hold the thought that all Chinese can play kongfu. 很多外国人认为所有的中国人都会功夫。 I have a doubt whether he can play kongfu. 我怀疑的是他是否会功夫。 2．连接代词--who，whose，whom，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他什么时候回来。 3．连接副词--when，where，why，how I have no idea why my girlfriend was unhappy. 我不知道我女朋友为什么不开心。 综合练习--单项选择 1．I have no idea he will set for home this afternoon. A.when B.why C.what D./ 2． the doctor really doubt is my mother will recover from the disease. A.That;whether B.What;if C.What;whether D.Where;whether 3．He often asked me the question the work was worth doing. A.where B.whether C.that D.when 4． There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury for the race. A.that B.which C.how D.whether 5．She gave us the suggestion we the scientific instrument in a better way. A.that;made B.whether;should make C.that;make D.why;made 6．The fact she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 7．The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B.that C.why D.when 8． surprised me most was such a little boy could play the violin so well. A.That;what B.What;that C.That;which D.What;which 9． Obviously, we can draw a conclusion good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. A. what B. that C. how D. whose 10．I’ve come from Mr．Wang with a message he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. A.that B.what C.why D.which 参考答案 综合练习 1-5 BCBAC 6-10 ABBBA 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$