专题19 定语从句-【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（广东小高考专用）

专题19 定语从句 一、含义 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词、名词，此外还有代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词。若是一个句子修饰名词或代词，这个句子则成为定语从句。 a beautiful girl （形容词作前置定语）一个美丽的女孩 a sleeping baby （现在分词作前置定语）一个在睡觉的baby. a girl on the bus（介词短语做后置定语）公交上的女孩 I saw his new bike which/that cost him 200 yuan. 我看到了他花了200元的新单车。 【解析】：which／that cost him 200 yuan 就是定语从句，修饰bike。 二、定语从句中的相关概念 1．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词就叫先行词。 2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that，which，who，whose，whom 关系副词：when，where，why 【注意】关系词的3个作用 ①代替先行词 ②在定从中充当成分（主语，宾语，定语，状语） ③引导定语从句 3．位置：定语从句放在先行词后面。 I saw his new bike which/that cost him 200 yuan. 先行词 关系代词 三、关系代词和副词的用法 （一）关系代词 关系代词有：who，whom，whose，that，which 1．先行词是人时 关系代词 用法 例句 that 在定从做主语或宾语， 做宾语时可省略 The man [that is speaking] is my dad. 正在说话的那个人是我爸爸。 The man [my mum is talking to] is my maths teacher.（省略了that，因为that做宾语）我妈妈正在聊天的那个男士是我的数学老师。 who 在定从中做主语，who不能省略 The man [who is speaking] is my dad. 正在说话的男士是我的爸爸。 whom 在定从中做宾语，可省略 The man [whom my mum is talking to] is my maths teacher. 我妈妈正在聊天的那个男士是我的数学老师。 whose 在定从中做定语，意为“...的” I know a boy [whose father is a doctor]. 我认识一个他爸爸是医生的男孩。 2．先行词是物时 关系代词 用法 例句 that 在定从做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略 They need a bike [that can go very fast]. 他们需要一辆可以开得很快的车。 which 在定从中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略 They need a bike [which can go very fast]. 他们需要一辆可以开得很快的车。 whose 在定从中做定语，意为“...的” We live in the house [whose window faces north]. 我们住在窗口朝北的房子里。 3．只能用that ①当先行词是everything，nothing，something，anything Everything [that you need to know] is in this letter，你需要知道的一切事情都在这封信里了。 ②当先行词前有 all，any，much，few，little，the very，the only，the last 修饰时 She gave me the very book [that I want to read]. 她给了我想读的那本书。 ③当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 This is the most moving film [that I have ever seen]. 这是我看到过最感人的电影。 She was the first woman [that got this medal]. 她是第一个获得这个奖牌的妇女。 ④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时 They talked about the persons and things [that they remembered]. 他们谈论了他们记得的人和事。 ⑤ who／which开头的特殊疑问句，只能用that Who is the person [that is standing by the window]？站在窗边的人是谁？ Which is the book [that you bought yesterday]？哪一本是你昨天买的书？ 4．不能用 that ①引导非限制性定语从句，即关系代词前有逗号 【注意】逗号前是人，则用who；是物体或者指一件事情时，用which The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents. 这个男孩离开家一个星期了，这让他的父母很担忧。（which指代前面的事情） She has a sister，who is a teacher.（逗号前是人 sister） 她有一个姐姐，是一个老师。 ②关系代词前有介词，即“介词＋which/whom” 【注意】逗号前是人，则用whom；是物体，用which The house [in which I used to live] had become a shoe shop. 我曾经住的房子已经变成一个鞋店了。 I know the man [to whom your mum is talking.] 我知道和你妈妈正在聊天的那个男是谁。 即时演练A 1．I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. 2．The boy was in the office yesterday is my brother. 3．Desperate for money, she called her sister, she hadn't spoken to in 20 years. 4．You are the only person advice he might listen to. 5．This house windows face the street is my uncle's. 6．I will talk to the students _homework hasn't been done. 7．Her son, she was so devoted to, went abroad ten years ago. 8．It is the first fiction film I have ever seen. 9．This is the very room I slept in that evening. 10.The only thing we can do is to give you some money. 11.The bike and its rider had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 12.Mr White, car had been stolen, came to the policeman. 13.This is the hotel at you will stay. 14.The engineer with my father is talking has just come from abroad. 15.She didn't come home form abroad, made her parents sad. 16.The film we saw last night was wonderful. 17.The thief handed everything he had stolen to the police. 18.Bruce's dog, was very old now, became ill and died. 19.We depend on the land from we get our food. 20.I know a man handwriting is beautiful. 21.She is the girl I met at the library yesterday. （二）关系副词 关系代词 用法 例句 when 先行词是时间 在定从中做时间状语 Do you remember the day [when I came to your house]？ 你还记得我去你家的那一天么？ why 先行词是reason，在定从做原因状语 Do you know the reason [why he left early]? 你知道他为什么早走吗？ where 先行词是地点 在定从中做地点状语 I still remember the room [where my mum and I used to sit in the evening]. 我还记得那间我妈妈和我晚上常坐在一起的房间。 【注意】when／where／why＝介词＋which 即where＝in/on/at which； when＝in/on/at which； why＝for which I still remember the room [where my mum and I used to sit in the evening]. I still remember the room [in which my mum and I used to sit the evening]. 即时演练B--填入适当的关系副词。 1．This is the place John was born. 2．Mr Smith returned to the small town he grew up as a child. 3． Don't forget the day you were admitted to university. 4． This is the reason we made Mr Li headmaster of our school. 5．This is the playground we play football. （三）用法注意 1．先行词是表示时间，可能填which／that或者when；若是地点的先行词，可能填where或者这 which／that。 【TIPS】快速判断是when／where 还是 which／that 组CP法。即把先行词放在定语从句的谓语动词后，若要加“在”，则说名先行词做地点／时间状语，则选择when／where。不需要加，就选择which／that This is the factory where I worked two years ago. 这是我两年前工作的工厂。 （把先行词factory 放在定从的谓语动词work后；work factory 工作工厂，这个表达没意义。而是工作在工厂。添加“在”，选择where引导定从） This is the factory which/that I visited two years ago. 这是我两年前参观的工厂。 （把先行词factory 放在定从的谓语动词 visit后；visit factory 参观工厂，这个表达完整。不用添加“在”，选择which／that引导定从） We're talking about the day when we held the party.我们在聊我们举办派对的那天。 （把先行词day放在定从的谓语动词held后；held day 举行一天，这个表达没意义。而是举行在这一天。添加“在”，选择when引导定从） We're talking about the day which/that we spent during the party. （把先行词day放在定从的谓语动词spent后；spent day 度过一天，这个表达完整。不需要添加“在”，选择which／that引导定从） 即时演练C---用适当的关系词填空 1．The days we spent in Tokyo will never be forgotten. 2．The days I studied will never be forgotten. 3．This is the house I once lived? 4．The days she worked with us were never be forgotten. 5．This is the museum we visited last year. 6．This is the place I stayed last year. 2．介词＋which／whom 如何判断是否需要介词以及选择哪一个介词。要去找定语从句中谓语动词，主要看动词和先行词的搭配来决定。 This is the book on which I spent 5 yuan．这是一本我花了5元的书。 （spend 钱 on sth 在某物花费...， spend 5 yuan on the book） This is the book for which I paid 5 yuan．这是一本我花了5元的书。 （pay 钱for sth 在某物花费...，pay 5 yuan for the book） This is the book from which I learn a lot. 这是一本我从中学习了很多的书。 （learn sth from sth 从...中学习..，learn a lot from the book） 即时演练D---填入适当的介词和关系词。 1． The person I talked just now was a good friend of mine. 2． The house I lived was far away from my work, 3． The company I worked was founded five years ago. 4． The address which my letters were sent was in South Africa. 5． Art is the subject I know a little. 3．as也可以引导定语从句，常见下列情况。 （1）as引导非限制性定语从句，译为“正如．．．”指代整个主句，常见下列句型 ① as we know／as everyone knows／as is known to all 众所周知 ② As is often the case 这是常有的事 ③ As is reported 正如所报告 ④ As often happens 正像经常发生的那样 ⑤ As has been said／pointed out before 正如前面所说／指出 As is known to all，he is the best student in our class. 众所周知，他是班上最好的学生。 （2）先行词前被 the same，such，as，so等词修饰，用as 引导 He like the same book as you do.他喜欢你喜欢的那本书。 It is so big a stone as no man can lift.这是一个很重的没有人能举起来的石头。 综合练习 一、用适当的关系词填空。 1．The house they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 2． Who is the man was talking to our English teacher? 3． I hate the people don't help others when they are in trouble. 4． A house is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake. 5． American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently. 6．Harry is the boy mother is our maths teacher. 7．Look at that lady name is Rose. 8．This is the place I have ever visited. 9．Those pictures were drawn by Tom are nice. 10.Those will go to the park stay here. 11.That was all the money I had. 12.Is there anyone here bag is brown? 13.They talked about things and persons they remembered in the school. 14.I still remember the night she left the house. 15.He has forgotten the day he arrived. 16.I don't know the way he worked out. 17.Mr White, car had been stolen, came to the policeman. 18.He lived in a small village, was a long way from the railway. 19. is often the case,we have worked out the production plan. 20. we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 二、完成句子。 1． I will never forget （我被照顾的日子）. 2． We miss （我们曾一起打球的操场）. 3． Grandma always told me （她在北京工作的日子）. 4． The garden is an ideal （老师和学生可以休息的地方）. 5． The United Kingdom, （它的首都是伦敦）, lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest of mainland Europe. 参考答案 即时演练A 1．whose 2．who/that 3．who 4．whose 5．whose 6． whose 7．who 8．that 9．that 10．that 11.that 12.whose 13.which 14.whom 15.which 16.which/that 17.that 18.which 19.which 20.whose 21.who/that 即时演练 B 1．where 2．where 3．when 4．why 5．where 即时演练C 1．which/that 2．when 3．where 4．when 5．which/that 6．where 即时演练 D 1．with/to whom 2．in which 3．at which 4．to which 5．about which 综合练习 一、用适当的关系词填空。 1．which/that 2．that 3．who/that 4．which/that 5．to/with whom 7． whose 7．whose 8．which/that 9which/that 10．who 11．that 12.whose 13.that 14.when 15.when 16．that／in which／不填 17.whose 18.which 19.As 20.As 二、翻译句子。 1． the days I was taken care of 2． the playground where we used to play basketball 3． the day when she worked in Beijing 4． place where teachers and students can have a rest 5． whose capital is in London 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$