专题14 非谓语动词-【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（广东小高考专用）

专题14 非谓语动词 一、概念 英语的句于中，只能有一个动词，如果出现另外一个动词，则需要把另外一个动词改为非谓语形式。在句中都不能单独作谓语，但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。有下列3种形式： ① to do（不定式）：表目的；表将来 ② doing（动名词／现在分词）：表主动；表示动作正在进行 ③ done（过去分词）：表示被动：表示动作已经完成 二、作主语 1．to do 和doing 都可放在谓语动词前，做主语。 Eating is an important thing.吃是一件很重要的事情。 To smoke too much is not good for you.吸太多烟对你不好。 【注意】：to do和doing做主语，谓语动词要用单数。 2．有时候，我们会把to do和doing放到句子后面，用it做形式主语，放在句首。 （1）主语是doing（动名词），用it做形式主语的句型有： ① It's no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth 做······没有用处／好处／浪费时间 ② It's useless doing sth 做······没有用 ③ It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 ④ It's pleasure/enjoyable doing sth 做......有趣 （2）主语是to do（不定式），用it做形式主语的句型有： ①It+be+名词（time, duty, turn......）＋to do sth ② It takes ab some time +to do sth 做某事花了某人多少时间 ③ It+be+形容词+of/for sb + to do sth 即时演练A 1． a language requires time and effort. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Being learned 2．It is no good . You should give . A.to smoke, it up B.smoking,it up C.smoking,up it D.to smoke, up it 3．It is not always easy invitations. A.to refuse B.refusing C.to be refused D.being refused 4．It was polite the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman. A.for B.of C.to D.with 5．Is it necessary the book immediately? A.for him to return B.that he returns C.his returning D.of him to return 6．It's really stupid of you him the news yesterday. A.tell B.telling C.are telling D.to tell 三、作宾语 宾语就是放在谓语动词后，to do和 doing 都可做宾语。 （1）下列动词用 to do 做宾语 want（想要） hope／wish（期待） choose（选择） need（需要） decide／determine（决心） manage（设法） learn（学会） seem（似乎） afford（有时间／精力） prepare（准备） offer（主动提出） refuse（拒绝） pretend（假装） promise（答应） agree（同意） fail（失败） choose（选择） ask／beg（请求） plan（计划） 【TIPS】可用下列顺口溜加深记忆 想要期待做选择；需要决心设法学会； 似乎有精力去准备，就主动提出 他拒绝假装答应／同意； 我失败了，选择请求计划 （2）在 find／think／believe／feel（认为）后跟to do作宾语，常把to do后置，用it做形式上的宾语，有如下句型。 I find／think／believe／feel it adj. to do sth 我认为做...是...的 I find it interesting to play chess. 我发现下棋是很有趣。 I think it healthy to keep exercise. 我认为坚持锻炼很健康。 即时演练B 1．She wants London. A.to visit B.visiting C.visit D.visited 2． We decided tennis last weekend. A to play B.playing C.play D.played 3．---Would you like a movie with us tonight? ---Sorry, I have to help my mother do some chores. A.see B.to see C.seeing D.seen 4．She made me very sad. A.to feel B.feeling C.feel D.feels 5．我认为和你一起去逛街是开心的。 1．下列动词，短语，介词只能用 doing 做宾语 （1）下列动词 用doing做宾语 Like/love/enjoy（喜欢） risk（冒险） admit（承认） fancy（想像） advise/suggest（建议） consider（考虑） keep（保持） practise（练习） forbid（禁止） deny（否认） delay（推迟） escape（逃脱） avoid（避免） mind（介意） miss（错过） quit（停止） finish（完成） allow（允许） appreciate（感谢） 【TIPS】可用下列顺口溜加深记忆 喜欢冒险，承认想象；建议考虑保持练习 禁止否认，推迟和逃脱；避免错过，停止 完成后，允许自己感谢自己 （3）下列短语后，用doing做宾语 feel like doing sth（喜欢做某事） give up doing（放弃做某事） keep／keep on doing（不停的做某事） be busy doing sth （忙于做某事） can't help doing sth（情不自禁） be worth doing sth（值得做某事） have difficulty／trouble doing sth（做...有困难／麻烦） have a hard／good time doing sth（做.... 很开心／不开心） have fun doing sth（做....很开心） succeed in doig sth（成功做某事） （4）介词后，都用doing做宾语 在介词章节中所讲到的介词，基本都要跟doing形式。 I study English by listening to music.我通过听音乐学英语。 （listen to 用doing形式，是因为by为介词） 【注意】咱们要注意小机灵鬼“to”喔！下列都是to作为介词，也就是遇到下列短语，只能用doing，不能用do！ lead to（导致） devote oneself／ one's time to（把...贡献给...） look forward to（期望） pay attention to（注意） thanks to（多亏） be used／accustomed to（习惯于做某事） due to（由于） prefer doing sth to doing sth（喜欢...而不喜欢） contribute to（有助于） the key to doing sth （做某事的关键） stick to（坚持） be addicted to doing sth（沉湎于；对...上瘾） get down to（开始做，着手处理） 即时演练C 1．We enjoy the moon during the Mid-autumn Festival. A.to see B.to watch C.watching D.watched 2．We had a lot of fun songs. A.to sing B.singing C.sing D.sang 3．Jack said that he wouldn't mind for us. A.to wait B.wait C.waiting D.waited 4．My mum is busy some cooking now. A.do B.to do C.doing D.does 5．She must apologize to you for . A.late B.be late C.being late D.later 6．I'm looking forward to you. A.hearing B.hear from C.hears from D.hearing from 7．Please stop (talk). It's too noisy. 8．Thanks for (help) us. 9．How about (watch)TV? 10.The book is worth (read). 11.They often practise (speak) English with each other. 2．下列动词 即可以跟to do也可以跟doing 做宾语。 ① remember & forget & regret remember to do 记得去做 forget to do 忘记去做 remember doing 记得做过 forget doing 忘记做过 I will remember to lock the door.我会记得锁门。 I remembered locking the door.我记得我锁了门。 regret to do 遗憾做（事情还没有做） regret doing 后悔做了 We regret to inform you that he has been away.我遗憾地告诉你他离开了。 I regret buying that.我后悔买了它。 【注意】regret to do中的动词基本都是 tell（告诉），inform（通知），announce（宜布），say（说），且基本都是第一人称做主语。 ② stop & go on I will stop to take a rest. 我会停下来去休息。 I will stop taking a rest. 我停止休息。 ③ mean & try mean to do 打算去做 mean doing 意味着 【注意】：mean to do 通常是人做主语； mean doing 则是物体／事情做主语 I mean to buy a computer. 我打算买一台电脑。 Love means taking a step back. 爱意味着退让一步。 try to do 尽力去做 try doing 尝试做 Let's try doing it again. 我们再试着做一次吧 I try to work out this. 我尽力把它解出来。 ④ like／love／start／begin，加doing和to do 没区别。 即时演练D 1．---Did you close the door? ---Yes, I remember it. A.to close B.to closing C.closing D.closed 2．Remember the newspaper when you have finished it. A.putting back B.having put back C.to put back D.will put back 3．Henry always forgets things he has done． He forgot and looked for it everywhere. A.to post the letter B.post the letter C. to have posted the letter D.having posted the letter 4．My brother regretted a lecture given by Professor Liu. A.missing B.to miss C.missed D.being missed 5．I regret you that we are unable to offer you a job. A.informing B.having informed C.to inform D.to informing 6．Please remember (bring) your textbook here tomorrow. 7．Don't forget (turn) off the light before you go out. 8．Sorry, I didn't mean (hurt) your feelings. 四、作宾补 宾补是用来补充说明宾语的。英语中有一些动词，接了宾语，意义还是不完整，这个时候就要宾补来补充，使句子意义完整。to do和doing形式可充当宾补 I heard John singing this morning. 我今天早上听到John 唱歌。 （John 是宾语，singing就是宾补，补充说明John的状态） （一）to do 做宾补 1．下列动词用to do 做宾补 即【V sb to do】，否定形式【V sb not to do】 ask（请求） want（想要） invite（邀请） advise（建议） encourage（鼓励） expect（期待） tell（告诉） allow（允许） promise（答应） warm（警告） order（命令） My mum advised me to put on more cloths.我妈妈建议我多穿衣服。 2．下列动词，会省略to，直接以动词原形做宾补 即【V sb do】 感官动词：feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，look at，notice，find（发现） 使役动词：let，make，have I saw him put away toys in the morning. 我早上看到他收抬玩具了。 She always makes me smile. 她让我笑了。 3．下列短语也会省略to，直接用动词原形 （1）why not V原 为什么不做.... （2）do nothing but V原 除了．．．之外什么都没做 （3）would rather V原 宁愿做．．．．【可缩写成’d rater】 （4） had better V原 最好做...【可缩写成’d better】 【注意】would rather 的否定形式是 would rather not do sth had better的否定形式为had better not do sth 即时演练E 1．Our English teacher encourages us part in after-class activities. A.to take B.take C.taking D.to taking 2． ---Why are you so excited? ---John invited me climbing. A.to go B.go C.going D.went 3．Our teacher tells us homework carefully. A.to do B.doing C.do D.does 4．Dad often asks me some cleaning at the weekend. A do B.does C.did D.to do 5．Let's swimming tomorrow. A.go B.goes C.to go D.went 6．You'd better when your mouth is full of food. A.don't speak B.not to speak C.not speak D.not speaking 7．Why coming to Guangzhou? A.not consider B.don't consider C.to consider D.not to consider 8．You'd better upstairs and tell children make noise. A.go;not to B.go:don't C.to go; not to D.go;don't （二）doing 做宾补 下列动词会用doing做宾补，表示“...某人正在做...” 感官动词：feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，look at，notice，find（发现） 如 see sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事，强调的是看到某人某个瞬间的动作，没有看到做这件事情的全过程。 【注意】感官动词后也可以用动词原形做宾补，要注意区分其意思。 即时演练F--请将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 1．我听到她正在唱歌当我经过她房间时。 2．我看到她递交了试卷了。 3．她发现她的同学正躺在床上。 五、作定语 定语就是修饰名词，修饰，限定，说明名词的品质与特征。如 A handsome boy. handsome 就是做定语，修饰名词boy。to do和doing和done都可以做定语。 （一）to do 做定语 to do 做定语，放在名词后。这个动作还没有去做，表将来。 1．to do 和它所修饰的名词是动宾关系，有时候可译为“要／来／去……” I have many dishes to wash. 我有很多的碗要洗。（修饰的名词dishes是 to wash 的宾语） I have many problems to solve. 我有很多问题要解决。（修饰的名词 problem 是to solve的宾语） 【注意】下列名词后常跟to do做定语 ①名词 way（方法），ability（能力），chance（机遇），right（权力），reason，wish（希望）后常跟to do 做定语 That's the best way to stop people polluting the earth. 那是阻止人类污染地球的最好的方式。 ②名词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰（也包括 the next，the last，the only） The last one to arrive pays the bill. 最后一个到的人给钱。 2．如果to do与所修饰的名词是被动关系，要变为to be done Tho meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 明天要举行的会议很重要。 （会议还没举行，所以用to do 修饰，会议和举行之间是被动，所以是to be held） （二）doing＆done 做定语 1．放在名词前，成为前置定语。 现在分词（doing）表示动作正在进行；过去分词形式（done）表示动作已经完成。 boiling water 沸腾着的水 boiled water 煮好了的水 developing country 发展中国家 developed country 发达国家 2．放在名词后 现在分词（doing）表示被修饰的名词与这个动作是主动关系； 过去分词形式（done）表示被修饰的名词与这个动作是被动关系 The lady reading a novel over there is my mum.在那里读小说的女士是我妈妈。 （被修饰词the lady和read是主动关系，所以用reading 修饰lady。） The house built last year will be sold soon. 前年建的房子很快就被卖了。 （被修饰词the house和build是被动关系，房子是被建，所以用built修饰house） 【注意】：如果是被动，且表示正在进行，用being done 结构 The house being built now is mine. 正在建的房子是我的。 （被修饰词the house和build是被动关系，now表示正在进行，所以用being built 修饰 house.） 即时演练G--单项选择 1．Whenever you have a chance English, you should take it. A.speak B.to speak C.spoke D.speaks 2．There is someone for her at the door. A.waiting B.waited C.waits D.to wait 3．The Olympic Games in 776B.C, did not include women players until 1912. A.playing B.played C.to play D.plays 4．I have a difficult problem . A.work out B.working out C.worked out D.to work out 5．She is the first Chinese this prize. A.winning B.to win C.won D.having win 二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空、 1．I have a dog (call) King 2．All the people (invite) to the party are his friends 3．Jim remembers the happy time (spend) with his students. 4．There were millions of people (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 5．I think the activity (hold) tomorrow will be interesting. 6．The meeting (hold) now is very important. 六、作状语 状语用来说明谓语动词发生的背景或情景。表示时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，伴随，结果等。 （一）to do 做状语 1．to do 做状语，表示目的，动作发生在谓语动词之后，可译为“为了……” I got up early to catch the bus. 我早起了，为了赶上公交车。 （catch 是get up 起床的目的，而且发生在get up后） To achieve the aim，I must study harder. 为了完成目的，我必须更努力学习。 （achieve是study 的目的，而且发生在study后） 【注意】to do 可以和 in order to／so as to（不能放在句首）替换 2．若to do和主语是被动关系，要变为to be done，可译为“为了被．．．“（了解） He was sent there to be trained for a space light.他被派往那里是要被训练航空飞行。 train 训练是send派往的自的→用to train表示目的 he和 train是被动关系→to be trained 即时演练H 1．He will go his brothers tomorrow. A.see B.to see C.saw D.seeing 2． bugs, he spray the area regularly. A.To kill B.Killing C.Killed D.Having kill 3．The children talked so loudly at dinner that I had to struggle . A.hearing B.to be heard C.heard D.being heard （二）doing和done做状语 1．判断做状语的3个条件： ①在句首／句末； ②有逗号； ③两个句子没有连词 2．doing 做状语，句子的主语和分词是主动关系 done做状语，句子的主语和分词是被动关系 Walking out of the room, he saw the boy still there. 走出房间，他看到那个男孩还在那儿。 有逗号，在句首，两个句子无连词→判断做状语 主语he和walk是主动关系→用doing 形式 Used for a long time, the book looks old. 用了很久，这本书看起来很旧。 有逗号，在句首，两个句子无连词→判断做状语 主语 the book和use（使用）是被动关系→用done形式 即时演练I 1． She is upstairs, the letter. A.writes B.is writing C.written D.writing 2．The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. A.to prepare B.prepared C.preparing D.prepared 3． time, he'll make a first-class tennis player. A.Given B.Giving C.To give D.Give 4． from the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful city. A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See 5． from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful. A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See 3．doing做状语，有时态的变化 ①若分词和谓语动词同时发生，则用doing做状语 Seeing the teacher came in, the students stopped laughing. 看到老师进来，同学们停止嬉笑。 有逗号，在句首，两个句子无连词→判断做状语 主语students和see是主动关系→用doing形式（这两个动作是同时发生） ②若分词比谓语动词先发生，就要用having done形式。 否定形式为not having done Having received a letter, I knew everything is all right. 收到信后，我知道一切安好。 有逗号，在句首，两个句子无连词→判断做状语 主语I和receive收到是主动关系→用doing 形式 receive 和谓语动词 knew有先后关系，先收到再知道→用having done 形式 4．done做状语，有时态的变化 分词和主语是被动关系，且分词动作是正在进行的，那么要用being done形式，表示“正在被...” Being repaired now，the classroom can't be used. 正在维修，这个课室无法使用。 课室和维修是被动关系→用done 而且强调这个动作是正在进行的→being done 即时演练J--单项选择 1． for two days, the manager finished his report. A. Working B.Having working C.Worked D.To work 2． a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B.Receiving C.Not having received D.To receive 3． by the heavy storm now, they feel sad. A. Being struck B.Striking C.To stick D.Having struck 4． on the road, the felt anxious. A. To lock B.Locking C.To locked D.Being locked 综合练习 一、单项选择 1．I'd like watch TV at home. You'd better with us. A.to watch,to stay B.to watch,stay C.watching,to stay D.watching,stay 2．Would you please me a chair ? A.give;to sit on B.give;to sit C.giving;sit D.to give;sit on 3．She would rather to the park than watch TV. A,to go B.go C.going D.goes 4. ---Which movies do you prefer, comedies or action movies? ---I watch action movies see comedies. A. would rather, than B.like,better C.prefer,to D.had better,than 5．The girl in white is my daughter. A.wear B.wearing C.wore D.to wear 6．The rooms now are for the homeless. A.built B.to built C.being built D.building 7．The rooms last year are for the homeless. A.built B.to built C.being built D.building 8．They system in this school is very successful. A.using B.to use C.used D.use 9．They are cleaning leaves in the garden A.Falling B.fall C.to fell D.fallen 10. the bad news, they couldn't help crying. A.Hearing B.To hear C.Heard D.Being heard 11. in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A.To wait B.Waited C.Having waited D.To waited 12. twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A.Being bitten B.Bitten C.Biting D.To bitten 13．We walked as fast as we could, to catch the 9:30 train. A.hoping B.to hope C.having hoped D.hoped 二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1．Let's (have) a rest,shall we? 2．He planned (fly) to Sidney on Tuesday. 3． (reach) school early, they decided to drive to school. 4．He is learning (skate). 5．He must pretend (be)asleep. 6．I am thinking about (buy) a new computer. 7．They managed (finish) their work ahead of time. 8．Granny is very ill and she doesn't feel like (cat) anything. 9．I found him (swim) in the river just now. 10.I look forward to (work) with you again. 11.I found the mountain (cover) with snow all the year round. 12.She kept on (work) although she was tired. 13.He often helps his mother (do) the housework. 14.I agree (go)skiing with you tomorrow. 15.I prefer playing football to (play) basketball. 16.I prefer (stay) at home rather than___ (go) out. 17.I couldn't afford (buy) a new car. 18.The pink pig (hold) high is now my sister's. 19.I chose (study) abroad after I left high school. 20.The doctor advises him (do)more exercises. 21.Did he succeed in (pass) the exam? 22.I will never give up (do) sports because I hope I will be healthier. 23.I have a difficulty in (breathe). 24.We had a good time (swim) and sun-bathing. 25.My parents don't allow me (drink) wine. 26.Mike is poor at (play) football. 27. (protect) its citizens, China,a (develop) country, try its best to become stronger. 28.Teachers often encourage me (study) hard. 29.You can hardly expect her (do) it for free. 30.The teacher came into the classroom, (wear) a smile on her face. 参考答案 即时演练A 1-5 BBABA 6 D 即时演练B 1-4 AABC 5.I think it happy to go shopping with you. 即时演练C 1-6 CBCCCD 7.talking 8.helping 9.watching 10.reading 11.speaking 即时演练D 1-5CCDAC 6.to bring 7.to turn 8.to hurt 即时演练E 1-5AAADA 6-8 CAA 即时演练F 1． I heard her singing when I passed her room 2． I saw her hand in the paper 3．She found her classmate lying in the bed． 即时演练G 一、选择题 1-5 BABDB 二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1．called 2．invited 3．spent 4.watching 5.to be held 6.being held 即时演练H 1-3 BAB 即时演练I 1-5 DCABA 即时演练J 1-4 BCAD 综合练习 一、语法选择 1-5 BABAB 6-10 CACDA 11-13CBA 二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1．have 2.to fly 3.To reach 4.to skate/skating 5.to be 5．buying 7.to finish 8.eating 9.swimming 10.working 11.covered 12.working 13.do 14.to go 15.playing 16.to stay;go 17.to buy 18.being held 19.to study 20.to do 21.passing 22.doing 23.breathing 24.swimming 25.to drink 26.playing 27.To protect:developing 28.to study 29.to do 30.wearing 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$