专题13 被动语态-【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（广东小高考专用）

专题13 被动语态 一、被动语态定义、基本用法、句型、结构 （一）定义 英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语和动作之间的一种被动关系。即“主语被...” 主动语态：My sister cleaned the room yesterday.（表示主语是动作的执行者） 我姐姐昨天清理了房间。 被动语态：John was bitten by a dog. John被狗咬了。（表示主语是动作的承受者，有时候用by引出动作的执行者） （二）用法 1．强调动作或行为的承受者。 John was bitten by a dog. 2．不必说出或者不知道动作的执行者。 The house was built two years ago. 这个房子两年前就建起来了。 3．某些表达习惯用被动。 be born 出生于；be compared with 与...做比较 4．汉语中含有“据说”，“据悉”，“据报道”等 ① It's said that... 据说 ② It's reported that... 据报道 ③ It is well known that... 众所周知 ④ It is supposed that... 据推测 （三）句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语＋be done （by...） The house was built 2 years ago. 这个房子2年前建好了。 否定句 主语 be not done （by...） The house wasn't built 2 years ago．这个房子不是在2年前建。 一般疑 问句 Be 主语 done （by...）？ Was the house built 2 years ago? 这个房子2年前建好了么？ 特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词＋be 主语 done (by...)? Why was the house built 2 years ago? 为什么2年前要建这个房子？ （四）各个时态下的被动结构 被动语态的结构：be＋done（过去分词）＋（by＋执行者） 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done My room is cleaned by me everyday. 一般过去时 was/were + done I was bitten by a cat yesterday. 现在进行时 am/is/are +being+done A bridge is being built now. 过去进行时 was/were +being+done A bridge was being built at that time. 一般将来时 will be +done am/is/are going to be+done The house will be cleaned tomorrow. 现在完成时 have/has been+done The bridge has been built for 2 years. 含情态动词 can/may/must/should be+done My room may be cleaned by mum. 即时演练A--单项选择 1．The carrot by a rabbit yesterday. A.eats B.is eaten C.was eaten D.will be eaten 2． the bridge in the future? A.Is; built B.Will;be built C.Will;build D.Does;build 3．In order to make our city more beautiful, more trees and flowers every year. A.are planting B.should,be planted C.should plant D.will plant 4．To celebrate the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China(中国共产党), a speech competition in Hekou last month. A. held B.is held C.hold D.was held 5．The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot since it . A.invents B.is invented C.has invented D.was invented 6．---Jessica,why are you still here? They are all ready to start. ---I'm sorry,but I . A.don't tell B.didn't tell C.am not told D.wasn't told 7． My parents are invited to a party yesterday. 否定句： 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问： 二、主动形式表被动含义 1．不及物动词以及短语无被动语态。 【注意】常见的有： happen（发生），disappear（消失），rise（升起），arrive（到达），fall（跌倒），fail（失败） take place（发生）， break out （爆发）， come out（出版），come true（成真） belong to（属于），succeed in（成功），suffer from（遭受），happen to（碰巧） take part in／join in（参加），agree with（与...一致；同意） The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 2．有些动词和well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词一起用，表示主语品质，性能。 【注意】常见的有：write（写），read（读），clean（清洁），sell（卖），wash（洗），wear（穿） This pen writes well. 这只笔很好写。 This new book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 3．表示感官的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义。 【注意】感官动词有：smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），look（看起来），sound（听起来），feel（摸起来） The piece of music sounds good.这段音乐听起来不错。 4．部分动词用动名词，即doing形式来表示被动，通常都是物体做主语。 【注意】常见的动词有：need／require（需要），want（想要），be worth（值得） Your hair want cutting. 你的头发需要剪了。 These flowers need watering. 这些花需要浇水。 5．一些表示开始，运动，结束，状态类的动词 【注意】常见的动词有：begin／start（开始），stop（停），end（结束），shut（关），run（跑），move（移动），own／have（拥有），lack（缺乏） The TV program begins at 8 o'clock．电视节目在8点开始。 即时演练B 1．These kinds of pens . They quickly in all the shops. A.are written well; are sold out B.write well; are sold out C.are written well; sell out D.write well; sell out 2．The book is worth . A.to read B.being read C.reading D.to be read 3．The moon-cake delicious. A.is tasted B.taste C.tastes D.to taste 4．The cloth well. A.washes B.is washed C.wash D.was washed 三、用法注意 1．感官动词或使役动词后接 to do 形式，通常省略to，即直接是动词原形。在变为被动语态时，要把to带上。 【注意】：使役动词：have／make／let（让） 感官动词有：hear（听）；see／watch／look at（看） 以上动词在主动语态都是／hear／have／make／let／see／watch／notice／look at sb do sth. 若是用于被动，即表达某人被感到／听到／让／看到做某事时，要把to加回来。即 hear sb do sth → sb be heard to do sth 某人被听到做某事 make/let/have sb do sth → sb be made／let／had to do sth 某人被迫做某事 sec／watch／look at／→ sb be seen／watched／looked at to do 某人被看到做某事 I saw my sister cook in the kitchen. 我看到我妹妹在厨房煮饭。 My sister was seen to cook in the kitchen by me. 我妹妹被我看到在厨房煮饭。 2．某些动词可以跟两个宾语的，一个是人，一个是物体。如果是物体做主语，那么就用介词to或者for引出另外一个宾语（人） 【注意】跟两个宾语的动词有：八给一带，买画制作 八给：give给，pass传递，lend借，write写，show展示，send寄送，hand 递交，tell 告诉 一带：bring 带来 买画制作：buy买，draw画，make 制作 He gave me a book.他给我一本书（abook是宾语，me也是宾语） A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. 他给我展示了一张门票。（aticket是宾语，me是宾语） A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. 我爸爸给我买了一个新单车。 A new bike was bought for me by my father. 【TIPS】：八给一带to 来帮；买画制作for也来。 3．【动词＋介词／副词】的动词短语，要看作一个整体，不能漏掉或者拆开 例如：laugh at（嘲笑），ask for（寻求），take care of／look after（照顾），listen to（听），talk about（说），find out（发现，找出）等。 We can't laugh at him.→He can't be laugh at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。 他不能被我们嘲笑。 He listens to the radio every day. → The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天听收音机。 收音机每天都被他收听。 即时演练C 1．She was made the dishes for a week. A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing 2．A book was passed me by him. A.for B.to C.with D.by 3．A cake was made a stranger. A.for B.to C.with D.by 4．The baby by his mum. A.took care of B.was taken care C.taken care of D.was taken care of 5．我妈妈被看到在洗衣服。（翻译句子） 综合练习： 一、单项选择 1．Rice in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grew D.grow 2． a new canteen in our school last year? A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Was;building D.Did;build 3．A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next month. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives 4．My sister and I have her birthday party. A.been invited B.been invited for C.invited to D.been invited to 5．The Great Wall all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D. known 6．Can the new hall from here? A.see B.be seen C.saw D.see 7．A story by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us 8 The old by the nursery. A.look after B.was looked after C.must look after D.looked after 9．He says that she to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent 10.The school bag behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put 11.If the cat doesn't t run fast,it will by the dog. A.catching B.be caught C.catches D.catch 12．The Hong Kong-Zhu Hai-Macao Bridge in 2018. We are excited about it. A.is completed B.is completing C.was completed D.was completing 13.The house is being . A.cleaning B.clean C.cleaned D.cleans 14.I believe heavy and difficult jobs by robots in the future. A.will do B.will be done C will be doing D.will be do 15.A serious car accident on that street. A.was happened B.happened C.was happening D.happen 16.You have to be 18 years old before you to drive a car. A.allow B.are allowed C.allowed D.are allowing 17．Jack often does things foolishly, so he sometimes by others. A.is;laughed B.is;laughed at C.was;laughed D.has;been laughed at 18.They were heard just now. A.sing B.sang C.to sing D.sings 19.Many books on science since I went to college. A.were bought B.have been bought C.will be bought D.are bought 20. The cake easily. 21. A.cuts B.is cut C.cut D.cutting 1．Your bike needs . A.being repaired B.to repair C.repairing D.to be repairing 22.A report was me. A.send;for B.sending;to C.sending;for D.sent:to 二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1．The letters for the boss (put) on his desk but he didn't read them. 2．The new drug (try) out already. 3．Don't make noise． His mother （examine 检查）by a doctor now 4．English (speak) in Canada.. 被动语态参考答案 即时演练A 一、选择题 1-5 CBBDD 6 D 二、改写句子 否定句：My parents are not invited to a party yesterday. 一般疑问句：Are your parents invited to a party yesterday？ 对划线部分提问：When are your parents to a party yesterday？ 即时演练B 1-4 BCCA 即时演练C 1-4ABAD 5. My mum was seen to wash clothes. 综合练习 一、选择题 1-5 ABCDC 6-10 BBBDB 11-15 BCCBB 16-20 BBCBA 21-22CD 二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 l.was put 2.has been tried 3.is being examined 4.is spoken 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$