专题25【汇编】新八省期中阅读理解说明文通关16篇（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）-2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练

· 《2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练》 · 专题25【汇编】新八省期中阅读理解说明文通关16篇 · （满分攻略+八省名校模拟）解析版 · （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） ( 说明 文 满分 作答解题 妙招 ) 一、命题特点 · 1. 选材特点 · 文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 · 2. 语篇结构 · 特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。两类文章，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。 · · 事物说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响；事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。 · 3. 设题特点 · 就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 · 4. 命题热点 · 科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? · 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? · 其次，科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理以及最新科学技术进步，文中易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现词义猜测题，提问形式为：What does the underlined word/phrase…in paragraph…mean/refer to? 二、说明方法 · 1. 罗列法（listing） · 在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习： There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。 · 2. 举例法（examples） · 举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。 · 3. 比较法（comparison and contrast） · 比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法。在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。 · 4. 定义法（definition） · 定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语。比如A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird. · 5. 顺序法（sequence of time，space and process） · 顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。 6. 分类法（classification） 分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。 · Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously，and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books… 二、解题策略 · 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 · 科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式比较固定，梳理文本结构有助于把握文章主旨。学生在阅读时，可以首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 · 2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 · 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。如果句子成分复杂、有生词，学生不要退缩，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，分析句子结构，厘清主句和分句或非谓语动词之间的关系，蹭蹭剖析，就能明晰句意，进行合理判断。 · 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真 · 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。因此，仔细辨析选项，对比选项间的差异，甄别选项与原文的异同，会对同学们选出正确答案大有帮助。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 · 1.阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 · 2.推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 · 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 · 4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。 · 5.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 · ( 新八省期中 名校 模拟试题 ) · 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文01】（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）Guilt, if left unchecked, can produce problems ranging from the physical to the mental. However, despite its reputation, guilt — once properly controlled and used — can be more positive than negative. “We’ve only recently come to understand that guilt can be constructive,” says Will Bynum, a professor at the Duke University. “We now have a new concept of guilt as a potential source for growth. It can point us toward actions we can take to improve our lives.” Guilt is “a self-conscious emotion characterized by a painful judgment of having done or thought something that is wrong.” It’s a feeling of could’ve, should’ve, would’ve that’s often termed a “self-aware” emotion. It’s an unpleasant emotion in our guts (直觉), a voice whispering warnings in our heads — it’s the reminder that we have a guilty feeling. In a 2021 study, researchers interviewed Canadian adults and then showed them videos related to their interview responses and designed to cause guilt. For example, a participant would see a sentence “You donate less than the average Canadian”, before they watched a video about starving children in need of donations. Researchers found that guilt affected the autonomic nervous system, raising electrical activity in the skin, upsetting gastric rhythms in the stomach and lowering swallowing rates. Guilt affects us for good or for ill depending on how we experience and manage it. The trick to replacing regret with relief is to learn how to distinguish between the healthy guilt that can help you and the unhealthy kind. Healthy guilt is realistic and justified, a self-correction that promotes personal development, whereas unhealthy guilt is twisted and worsens, eating into our self-respect and preventing us from growing as much as we should. “Thinking ahead about guilt works even better than later acknowledging it,” Baumeister says. “If you get a hint that you’re about to do wrong to someone and will feel guilty about it afterwards, just stop yourself. The sooner you see the guilt coming, the better prepared you’ll be to prevent it.” 1.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A.The definition of guilt. B.The impact of guilt. C.The cause of guilt. D.The feature of guilt. 2.Why are the participants shown the underlined sentence? A.To make them donate more money. B.To get them to feel guilty. C.To enhance their sense of responsibility. D.To help them understand the children. 3.What does the author want to highlight in paragraph 6? A.How to manage ill guilt. B.How promote personal development. C.How to play tricks on guilt. D.How to make guilt affect us for good. 4.Which of the following can best interpret Baumeister’s words? A.Experience teaches. B.Prevention is better than cure. C.Take things as they come. D.In time of peace prepare for war. 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是内疚及如何更好地管理我们的“内疚”。 1.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Guilt is “a self-conscious emotion characterized by a painful judgment of having done or thought something that is wrong.” It’s a feeling of could’ve, should’ve, would’ve that’s often termed a “self-aware” emotion. It’s an unpleasant emotion in our guts (直觉), a voice whispering warnings in our heads — it’s the reminder that we have a guilty feeling.(内疚是“一种自觉的情绪，其特征是对自己做错或想错的事情做出痛苦的判断。”这是一种本可以、本应该、本会的感觉，通常被称为“自我意识”情绪。它是我们内心的一种不愉快的情绪，是在我们脑海中低声警告我们的声音——它提醒我们有一种负罪感)”可知，文章第三段主要讲述了什么是“内疚”，即内疚的定义。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In a 2021 study, researchers interviewed Canadian adults and then showed them videos related to their interview responses and designed to cause guilt. For example, a participant would see a sentence “You donate less than the average Canadian”, before they watched a video about starving children in need of donations.(在2021年的一项研究中，研究人员采访了加拿大成年人，然后向他们展示了与他们的采访反应相关的视频，旨在引起内疚。例如，参与者在观看一段关于饥饿儿童需要捐赠的视频之前，会看到一句话“你的捐赠比一般加拿大人少”)”可知，参与者被展示这句话是为了引出他们的内疚。故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Guilt affects us for good or for ill depending on how we experience and manage it. The trick to replacing regret with relief is to learn how to distinguish between the healthy guilt that can help you and the unhealthy kind. Healthy guilt is realistic and justified, a self-correction that promotes personal development, whereas unhealthy guilt is twisted and worsens, eating into our self-respect and preventing us from growing as much as we should.(内疚对我们的影响是好是坏，取决于我们如何经历和处理它。用宽慰代替后悔的诀窍是学会如何区分有益健康的内疚和不健康的内疚。健康的内疚是现实的和合理的，是一种促进个人发展的自我纠正，而不健康的内疚是扭曲和恶化的，侵蚀我们的自尊，阻止我们尽可能地成长)”可知，在第六段作者想要强调如何让内疚更好地影响我们。故选D。 4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Thinking ahead about guilt works even better than later acknowledging it,” Baumeister says. “If you get a hint that you’re about to do wrong to someone and will feel guilty about it afterwards, just stop yourself. The sooner you see the guilt coming, the better prepared you’ll be to prevent it.”(鲍迈斯特说：“提前考虑内疚比事后承认更有效。如果你得到一个暗示，你将要对某人做错事，之后会感到内疚，停止自己。你越早意识到内疚的到来，就越能做好预防的准备。”)”可推知，鲍迈斯特认为要提前考虑内疚的可能性，而不是事后再承认它，B选项“预防胜于治疗”符合观点。故选B。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文02】（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）About one-third of adults globally suffer from loneliness, which can cause problems like depression and anxiety. A new generation of AI apps called AI companions is designed to simulate (模拟) natural conversations and keep people company. AI assistants like ChatGPT can do those things to some extent, but AI companions are designed to respond in a sympathetic, realistic way when you share your problems. Most of these programs are still at a relatively early stage, and are just building an audience. But do AI companions really work? Our studies show that the best of these apps really do work. We started by analyzing 50,000 app reviews of five popular AI companions, looking for how often the reviews mentioned loneliness, as well as their ratings for the apps. We then looked at reviews for ChatGPT to make a comparison. Our findings show that only 4% of ChatGPT reviews mentioned loneliness. But the companion apps turned in a much better showing, as high as 20%. The more mentions, the more people might use the apps to help with loneliness. They also received higher ratings. The implication is clear: AI companions can help people to reduce loneliness. We then divided about 1,100 online participants into two groups. One group interacted daily with an AI companion; the other didn’t. Those who used the AI companion reported 14% points less loneliness on average. They said they felt heard and the AI companion offered emotional responses during their talks. There is still the question of whether AI companions will be good for society. Some people fear, reasonably, that companions will turn people into shut-ins who avoid human contact. But any debate about the long-term impact of companions should account for their potential for reducing loneliness. Because we aren’t doing well as a society on loneliness, we should at least keep an open mind on any tool that helps at all. 1.What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean? A.Attracting customers. B.Selecting assistants. C.Employing programmers. D.Seeking sponsors. 2.What do we know about the new AI companion apps? A.They may identify health problems. B.They function as well as AI assistants. C.They can provide emotional support. D.They have been completely accepted. 3.How did the researchers carry out the first part of the study? A.By doing online surveys. B.By conducting experiments. C.By interviewing participants. D.By analyzing data. 4.What does the author intend to convey in the last paragraph? A.Society should pay more attention to loneliness. B.People may withdraw after using AI companions. C.AI companions are worth trying though not perfect. D.A debate on the effect of AI companions is necessary. 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文你。文章主要介绍了AI伴侣应用程序的设计目的、功能、初步研究结果以及社会对AI伴侣的接受度和潜在担忧。 1.词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Most of these programs are still at a relatively early stage, and are just building an audience.(这些程序中的大多数仍处于相对早期的阶段，正在建立用户群。)”可知，“building an audience”指的是吸引或建立用户基础。根据常识和语境，一个产品或服务在初期阶段的主要目标是吸引顾客或用户，以建立其市场地位。因此，划线短语“building an audience”的意思是“吸引顾客”。选项A“Attracting customers.(吸引顾客)”，符合语境。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“We then divided about 1,100 online participants into two groups. One group interacted daily with an AI companion; the other didn’t. Those who used the AI companion reported 14% points less loneliness on average. They said they felt heard and the AI companion offered emotional responses during their talks.(然后，我们将约1,100名在线参与者分为两组。一组每天与AI伴侣互动；另一组则没有。那些使用AI伴侣的人平均报告的孤独感减少了14个百分点。他们说，自己感到被倾听，并且在交谈中AI伴侣给出了情感上的回应。)”可知，AI伴侣能够提供情感支持。故选C。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Our studies show that the best of these apps really do work. We started by analyzing 50,000 app reviews of five popular AI companions, looking for how often the reviews mentioned loneliness, as well as their ratings for the apps. We then looked at reviews for ChatGPT to make a comparison.(我们的研究表明，这些应用程序中最好的确实有效。我们首先从五个流行的AI伴侣应用的50,000条用户评论入手进行分析，查找评论中提到孤独症的频率，以及他们对这些应用的评分。然后，我们查看了ChatGPT的评论以进行比较。)”可知，研究人员是通过分析数据来进行研究的第一部分的。故选D。 4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“There is still the question of whether AI companions will be good for society. Some people fear, reasonably, that companions will turn people into shut-ins who avoid human contact. But any debate about the long-term impact of companions should account for their potential for reducing loneliness. Because we aren’t doing well as a society on loneliness, we should at least keep an open mind on any tool that helps at all.(关于AI伴侣对社会是否有益的问题仍然存在。一些人合理地担心，AI伴侣会让人们变成足不出户、避免与人接触的人。但是，关于AI伴侣长期影响的任何辩论都应考虑到它们减少孤独的潜力。因为我们在解决社会孤独问题上做得并不好，所以我们至少应该对任何有助于缓解孤独的工具持开放态度。)”可知，AI伴侣虽然不太完美，但是它们可以帮助许多感到孤独的人，值得尝试。故选C。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文03】（24-25高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate (碳酸钠) can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative. In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids (氨基酸). That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months. In a test, glass beads made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice, and the breakdown of the beads and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study shows how the mice’s bodies broke down the beads. In that month, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wound site healed, and fur grew back. “Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss,” the researchers wrote in their paper. Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this, the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating- cooling procedure applied in glass manufacturing. This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher. “It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale commercialization,” emphasized Yan Xuehai, a professor involved in the study, in a press release. 1.What is an advantage of the new glass? A.It can be recycled at a low cost. B.It is produced without pollution. C.It takes less time to break down. D.It has a wide range of applications. 2.Why did researchers implant glass beads inside mice? A.To investigate why amino acids are medically useful. B.To assess whether the glass is biologically harmless. C.To explore how long it takes for the glass to degrade. D.To observe if the glass can be melted down in mice’s stomachs. 3.What makes amino acids not as long- lasting as traditional glass? A.The instability of amino acids. B.The difficulty of breaking down. C.The failure of the glass implantation. D.The challenge of improving the heating- cooling procedure. 4.What is the attitude of Yan Xuehai towards the new glass’s launch on the market? A.Optimistic. B.Critical. C.Indifferent. D.Uncertain. 【答案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate (碳酸钠) can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. (今天，许多由沙子和碳酸钠制成的人造玻璃可以重复使用或熔化并回收成新的物品，但它不会在环境中分解，并将在垃圾填埋场中存放数千年)”和第二段中“That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months. (这种玻璃对环境的影响较小，可以在几周或几个月内分解)”可知，新型玻璃的优点是它需要更少的时间来分解。故选C项。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss (在整个实验期间，没有小鼠表现出任何可能由玻璃植入引起的疼痛相关行为，也没有小鼠出现明显的体重减轻)”可知，研究人员要在老鼠体内植入玻璃珠是为了评估玻璃在生物学上是否无害。故选B项。 3.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. (尽管氨基酸在环境中会随着时间的推移而降解，但这种可生物降解的玻璃不如传统玻璃耐用，因为氨基酸在高温下会迅速分解。)”可知，这种氨基酸玻璃确实可以随着时间的推移而降解，但是它却不如传统的玻璃那样经久耐用，因为氨基酸在加热下会迅速分解。由此可推知，氨基酸的不稳定性让氨基酸不像传统玻璃那样持久。故选A项。 4.推理判断题。由最后一段中Yan Xuehai说的话“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale commercialization (需要指出的是，这种可生物降解的玻璃目前正处于实验室阶段，远未大规模商业化)”可知，这种可降解玻璃目前仍在实验室阶段，还远远不能大规模商业化生产，所以Yan Xuehai态度是不确定的。故选D项。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文04】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）A new study published in the journal Science Advances finds that AI enhances creativity by boosting the novelty of story ideas as well as the “usefulness” of stories - their ability to engage the target audience and potential for publication. It finds that AI “professionalizes” stories, making them more enjoyable, more likely to have plot twists, better written and less boring. The researchers assigned the 300 study participants to three groups: one group was allowed no AI help, a second group could use ChatGPT to provide a single three-sentence starting idea, and writers in the third group could choose from up to five AI-generated ideas for their inspiration. They then organized 600 people to judge how good the stories were, assessing them for novelty - whether the stories did something new or unexpected - and “usefulness” - how appropriate they were for the target audience, and whether the ideas could be developed and potentially published. They found that writers with the most access to AI experienced the greatest gains to their creativity, their stories scoring 9% higher for novelty compared with stories written without AI. Writers who used up to five AI-generated ideas also scored higher for emotional characteristics, producing stories that were better written, more enjoyable, less boring and funnier. The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Association Task (DAT) and found that more creative writers - those with the highest DAT scores - benefited least from generative AI ideas. Conversely, less creative writers saw a greater increase in creativity. The researchers also calculated how similar the stories were to each other. They found a 10.7% increase in similarity between writers whose stories used one generative AI-idea, compared with the group that didn’t use AI. Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” 1.Which aspect of the AI-assisted stories were assessed in the study? A.Universality and availability. B.Originality and practicality. C.Creativity and specialization. D.Similarity and integrity. 2.What might the underlined word “Conversely” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Sure enough. B.In conclusion. C.On the contrary. D.As a result. 3.What is Anil Doshi’s attitude towards AI-inspired stories? A.Objective. B.Indifferent. C.Favorable. D.Ambiguous. 4.What can be a suitable title for the passage? A.AI Is Being Used to Create Novel Stories B.AI Is Becoming a Threat to Human Writers C.AI Can Help to Improve People’s Writing Skills D.AI Can Boost the Creativity of Stories but Pays a Price 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现利用人工智能写作可以提高故事创意的新颖性和故事的“有用性”，但是人工智能辅助的故事被发现包含更多的相似之处，缺乏多样性。 1.细节理解题。根据第三段“They then organized 600 people to judge how good the stories were, assessing them for novelty - whether the stories did something new or unexpected - and “usefulness” - how appropriate they were for the target audience, and whether the ideas could be developed and potentially published. (然后，他们组织了600人来判断这些故事有多好，评估它们的新颖性——这些故事是否做了新的或意想不到的事情——以及“有用性”——它们对目标受众有多合适，以及这些想法是否可以发展和发表)”可知，评估的是故事的原创性和实用性。故选B。 2.词句猜测题。根据第五段“The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Association Task (DAT) and found that more creative writers - those with the highest DAT scores - benefited least from generative AI ideas. (研究人员用发散联想任务（DAT）来评估作家的创造力，发现那些更有创造力的作家——那些DAT得分最高的人——从生成式人工智能想法中受益最少。)”和划线词下文“less creative writers saw a greater increase in creativity. (创造力较低的作家的创造力则增加得更多。)”可知，两者是对比关系，因此“Conversely”意为“相反地”。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据末段Anil Doshi的话“Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” (伦敦大学学院管理学院的助理教授阿尼尔·多西说：“虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但集体创造力也有丧失的风险。如果出版业接受更多基于人工智能的衍生故事，我们的研究结果表明，这些故事将变得不那么独特，而是更加相似。)”可知，Anil Doshi既提到了人工智能辅助生成故事的优点：个人创造力有所提高，也提到了缺点：集体创造力存在丧失的风险，因此他的评价是客观的。故选A项。 4.主旨大意题。根据全文内容及根据末段Anil Doshi的话“Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” (伦敦大学学院管理学院的助理教授阿尼尔·多西说：“虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但集体创造力也有丧失的风险。如果出版业接受更多基于人工智能的衍生故事，我们的研究结果表明，这些故事将变得不那么独特，而是更加相似。)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能可以提高故事创意的新颖性，但同时也会使AI协助的写作产生相似性，故判断D选项“人工智能可以提高故事的创造力，但也要付出代价。”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文05】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）It’s easy to think of sports as an escape from reality, removing the problems of our world. Researcher Madeleine Orr illustrates that wrong belief in her book Warming Up: How Climate Change Is Changing Sport. In her book, Orr leads readers to learn about all the ways climate change is affecting sports around the world, providing a convincing case for action from athletes, sports leagues and fans alike. Orr, a sports ecologist at the University of Toronto, draws on her academic knowledge to outline how climate change is affecting sports. While Orr supports her argument with data and interviews with experts, it’s the personal stories that are most powerful. There’s the heartbreaking story of a football player Jordan McNair, who died of heat stroke at practice. It’s refreshing to see Orr talk about how climate change is disproportionately impacting nations that are least responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions, a point that can get lost in Western reporting on the topic. High temperatures are threatening Kenyan runners. Rising seas are eroding (侵蚀) a famous rugby beach in Fiji. A 2022 flood destroyed Pakistan’s sports leagues — along with much of the country. But against the background of climate change’s upsetting reality, Orr keeps hope alive in the last six chapters. The sports world can adapt to climate change to ensure that sports survive. She spotlights the past and present activism of athletes who are fighting for sustainability. One uplifting example is Innes FitzGerald, who refused to fly from Britain to Australia for the 2023 World Athletics Championships out of concern for air travel’s carbon emissions. Orr’s writing is authoritative and conversational, and while she sometimes slips into academic terms, her language is largely accessible even to readers with no scientific background. The book is jam-packed with information and has something for sports fans alike. In the fight against climate change, Warming Up shows us that it’s time for the sports world to play ball. 1.What is mainly talked about in Orr’s book? A.The climate problems facing the world. B.The effect of climate change on sports. C.The sports world’s action to change the climate. D.The writer’s attitude toward the climate change. 2.What make Orr’s opinion more persuasive? A.Experts’ talks. B.Individual stories. C.Science reports. D.Collected figures. 3.Why were Kenyan runners mentioned? A.To point out the potential future of rugby. B.To prove the unfairness of Western reports. C.To show some innocent victims of climate change. D.To explain the link between greenhouse gases and climate. 4.What is the feature of Orr’s book? A.It is influential and touching. B.It is theoretical and professional. C.It is informative and easy to understand. D.It is reliable and full of academic terms. 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了体育生态学家Madeleine Orr在她的书中的一些观点以及对该书的评价。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“In her book, Orr leads readers to learn about all the ways climate change is affecting sports around the world, providing a convincing case for action from athletes, sports leagues and fans alike. (在她的书中，Orr带领读者了解气候变化影响世界各地体育运动的所有方式，为运动员、体育联盟和球迷等采取行动提供了令人信服的理由)”可知，这本书主要讨论了气候变化对体育运动的影响。故选B项。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“While Orr supports her argument with data and interviews with experts, it’s the personal stories that are most powerful. (虽然Orr用数据和对专家的采访来支持她的观点，但个人故事才是最有力的)”可知，个人故事使Orr的观点更有说服力。故选B项。 3.推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’s refreshing to see Orr talk about how climate change is disproportionately impacting nations that are least responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions, a point that can get lost in Western reporting on the topic. High temperatures are threatening Kenyan runners. (看到Orr谈到气候变化对全球温室气体排放最不需负责的国家的影响不成比例，令人耳目一新，这一点在西方的报道中可能会被忽略。高温威胁着肯尼亚选手)”可知，此处先提到有些国家没有造成全球温室效应，却受到严重影响，再举出肯尼亚选手受到高温威胁的例子。由此可知，肯尼亚属于那些无辜的国家，这些跑步者被提及是为了说明气候变化的无辜受害者。故选C项。 4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Orr’s writing is authoritative and conversational, and while she sometimes slips into academic terms, her language is largely accessible even to readers with no scientific background. The book is jam-packed with information and has something for sports fans alike. (Orr的作品是权威的、对话式的，虽然她有时会使用学术术语，但即使没有科学背景的读者也能很好地理解她的语言。这本书信息丰富，适合体育迷)”可知，她的书信息丰富而又浅显易懂。故选C项。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文06】（24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）Wrapping paper — that thing that makes our holiday gifts look so festive — has a landfill problem. If it’s shiny, metallic, or glitter-encrusted (闪闪发光的), it’s not recyclable. And even recycled paper isn’t guaranteed to actually get recycled. But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. Eventually, it evolved into a wrapping art form. People don’t just wrap presents with the cloth, but an endless number of small items like boxes, fruit, and books. When it was used to wrap gifts, Tsukada Simonian says traditionally, the furoshiki cloth would be returned to the gift giver to be used again and again. The tradition went out of fashion as paper and plastic substitutes took off in the post World War II period. It’s something “you would see at grandma’s house”, says Tomoko Dyen, who teaches furoshiki wrapping technique in Los Angeles. But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dye n says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. Furoshiki doesn’t necessarily require specific furoshiki cloth, says Vander Steur. She stocks the museum store with imported Japanese furoshiki cloth including patterns with flowers, cats, and otters, but she says any piece of fabric, even old clothes, can work. Some of the learners showed up specifically hoping to learn furoshiki for holiday wrapping. But some say they walked away hoping to use it for much more. Kristan Delatori attended with the plan to wrap her holiday gifts this way — but now she says she’ll bring furoshiki with her when she runs quick errands (差事). “Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” 1.What can we learn about furoshiki from the first two paragraphs? A.It was initially used to carry items when people took baths. B.It would be sent as a part of the gift to the receivers for use. C.It looks more festive than wrapping paper and metallic wrappers. D.It refers to the square cloth itself that is only used to wrap presents. 2.What contributes to the revival of furoshiki in recent years? A.The effort of the last generation. B.The attention from more visitors. C.The unique charm of furoshiki itself. D.The support of the local government. 3.Which word best describes Kristan Delatori’s attitude to furoshiki? A.Conservative. B.Unclear. C.Skeptical. D.Favorable. 4.What is the best title of the text? A.Japan: A Nation with Various Traditional Art Forms B.Furoshiki: The Very Thing Bearing the Lost Memory C.Furoshiki: An Eco-Friendlier Choice for Holiday Wrapping D.Wrapping Paper: A Recyclable Material Gaining Popularity 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了更环保的布包装艺术furoshiki。 1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. (furoshiki指的是方形布料本身和包裹技术。这种做法可以追溯到几百年前，当时人们开始用布包携带物品进出公共浴室。)”可知，它最初是人们洗澡时用来携带物品的。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dyen says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. (但最近，她说，它又开始流行起来。随着越来越多的游客在访问日本时了解到它，Dyen说这鼓励了下一代“更多地了解我们自己”。)”可知，近年来，越来越多的游客的关注有助于furoshiki的复兴。故选B。 3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” (我可以在包里放几个这样的东西，当我去杂货店或去购物的时候，我总是有一些东西，Delator说。我真的很兴奋。)”可知，Kristan Delatori对furroshiki的态度是赞成的。故选D。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. (但在这个假期，有些人选择了另一种更环保的选择：日本的布包装艺术，被称为furoshiki。)”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了更环保的布包装艺术。C项符合主题，故选C。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文07】（24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）That artificial food dyes are unhealthy is not news. Some of the most common additives used to give color to everything are known to affect some children’s ability to learn. But regulatory agencies around the world don’t necessarily agree. That may soon change, thanks in part to increasing consumer pressure. In addition, a report prepared by the state of California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) concluded that synthetic food dyes “cause or exacerbate neurobehavioral problems in some children”. In response to the report, California is now considering requiring warning labels on food products containing the seven most commonly used synthetic dyes. Among them are Red 40, Yellow 5 and Yellow 6, which account for more than 90% of food dye. Restaurants in California would also have to identify menu items containing the additives. “The science is clear,” says Lisa Lefferts, an environmental health consultant. “These synthetic dyes harm children and are completely unnecessary.” What makes the OEHHA report a game change r is that a regulatory agency is on the same page as scientists and advocacy groups. “That’s largely because of the quality of the report,” says Lefferts, one of 10 original signatories to the petition. Synthetic dyes are used in foods for one reason: to make products look prettier. Someone likens the practice to “putting cosmetics on food”. Bright colors and fun shapes make candies and cereals appealing, especially to kids. As more research has emerged, consumer pressure has led companies to reenact products. In 2016, the company began using things like turmeric instead of Yellow 5 and Yellow 6. Around the same time, Chipotle, NestléUSA and a number of other restaurants and manufacturers announced plans to cut back on or stop using synthetic dyes. 1.What can we learn from the first paragraph? A.The use of artificial food dyes is increasing. B.All the regulatory agencies are against the food dyes. C.The agencies don’t know why food dyes are a problem. D.Consumers have given pressure to decrease the use of artificial food dyes. 2.Why does OEHHA have power to change the use of artificial food dyes? A.OEHHA prepared an excellent report to state the use of food dyes. B.The government in California support OEHHA to change this situation. C.OEHHA is an organization which can determine the ingredients in food. D.The excellent report put scientists and advocacy groups keep in line with OEHHA. 3.Which word can replace the underlined word “reenact”? A.Restructure. B.Define. C.Research. D.Design. 4.What’s the main idea of the passage? A.Some scientists don’t agree on using food dyes. B.The use of artificial food dyes may soon change. C.OEHHA prepared a report to avoid using food dyes. D.OEHHA has made clear the reason why food dyes are used in food. 【答案】1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了人工食用色素可能对儿童造成危害，且越来越多的消费者和企业开始关注并减少使用人工食用色素，一些地方也开始考虑要求含有常见人工食用色素的食品贴上警告标签。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段“That artificial food dyes are unhealthy is not news. Some of the most common additives used to give color to everything are known to affect some children’s ability to learn.(人造食品色素不健康并不是新闻。一些最常见的添加剂被用来给所有的东西上色，众所周知，它们会影响一些孩子的学习能力)”可知，从第一段我们能了解到人工食用染料的使用正在明显增加。需要注意易混项C项，时态不正确，通过第一段可知，消费者的压力将来可能会减少人工食用色素的使用，但是不是当下。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段“What makes the OEHHA report a game change r is that a regulatory agency is on the same page as scientists and advocacy groups. “That’s largely because of the quality of the report,” says Lefferts, one of 10 original signatories to the petition.(OEHHA的报告改变了游戏规则，因为监管机构与科学家和倡导团体站在了同一战线上。“这在很大程度上是因为报告的质量，”Lefferts说，他是请愿书的10个原始签署人之一)”可知， OEHHA有权改变人工食用色素的使用是因为这份优秀的报告使科学家和倡导团体与OEHHA保持一致。故选D。 3.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As more research has emerged, consumer pressure has led companies to(随着越来越多的研究浮出水面，消费者的压力促使企业……)”以及后文“In 2016, the company began using things like turmeric instead of Yellow 5 and Yellow 6.(2016年，该公司开始使用姜黄等物质代替黄5和黄6)”可知，随着越来越多的研究浮出水面，消费者的压力促使企业重新调整产品的设计。故划线词意思是“调整结构，重组”。故选A。 4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“That artificial food dyes are unhealthy is not news. Some of the most common additives used to give color to everything are known to affect some children’s ability to learn. But regulatory agencies around the world don’t necessarily agree. That may soon change, thanks in part to increasing consumer pressure.(人造食品色素不健康并不是新闻。一些最常见的添加剂被用来给所有的东西上色，众所周知，它们会影响一些孩子的学习能力。但世界各地的监管机构并不一定同意这种说法。这种情况可能很快就会改变，部分原因是日益增长的消费者压力)”结合本文主要讲述了人工食用色素可能对儿童造成危害，且越来越多的消费者和企业开始关注并减少使用人工食用色素，一些地方也开始考虑要求含有常见人工食用色素的食品贴上警告标签。可知，这篇文章的主旨是人工食用色素的使用可能很快就会改变。故选B。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文08】（24-25高三上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期中）People all over the world watch the Olympic Games on TV, cheer on their nations’ athletes, and get into the spirit of friendly international competition. Yet how many people know how these games came about and why they were created? Who came up with the idea of an Olympic torch (火炬)? Looking back in time can answer those questions. The first Olympic Games in recorded history took place in 776 BC on the ancient plains of Olympia in southern Greece. These ancient games took place in a religious festival and were devoted to the Olympian gods. They continued for almost twelve centuries until Emperor Theodosius banned them in AD 393. It was about 1,500 years after the last Olympics that the ancient games were revived (复兴). Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a Frenchman devoted to the promotion of physical education, was inspired to create a modern Olympic Games after he visited the ancient Olympic site. The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in 1896, and were attended by 280 athletes from 12 countries, who competed in 43 events. In 2004, the Olympic Games returned to Greece with nearly 11,000 athletes representing 201 countries. The first opening ceremony (仪式) was at the London Olympics in 1908. The Olympic torch was lit for the first time at the opening ceremony of the 1936 Games in Germany. The ancient Greeks had a ritual fire for their games, but the idea of lighting a torch in Olympia and relaying it to the site of the games actually belongs to Carl Diem, who was the chief organizer of the Berlin Games. The games were cancelled three times due to global conflicts. They were not held in 1916 during World War I and in 1940 and 1944 during World War II. The games have continued uninterrupted since 1948. A minor change did take place in 1994 when the timing of the Summer and Winter Olympic Games was changed so that they would not be held in the same year. 1.What is the function of the first paragraph? A.To lead in the topic. B.To make a comparison. C.To provide an example. D.To present an argument. 2.Where can you find the data that best support “the Olympic Games have grown in size”? A.In paragraph 2. B.In paragraph 4. C.In paragraph 5. D.In paragraph 6. 3.What mainly caused the interruption of the modern Olympic Games? A.The two world wars. B.Carl Diem’s disapproval. C.The loss of the Olympic torch. D.The ban from Theodosius. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.The rules of the Olympic Games. B.The importance of doing sports. C.The political events of Greece. D.The brief history of the Olympics. 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了奥运会的简史。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Yet how many people know how these games came about and why they were created? Who came up with the idea of an Olympic torch (火炬)? Looking back in time can answer those questions.(然而，有多少人知道这些比赛是如何产生的，为什么要创造它们？谁想出了奥运火炬的主意？回顾过去可以回答这些问题)”可知，第一段通过设问引入奥林匹克运动会的主题，故选A项。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段“The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in 1896, and were attended by 280 athletes from 12 countries, who competed in 43 events. In 2004, the Olympic Games returned to Greece with nearly 11,000 athletes representing 201 countries.(第一届现代奥运会于1896年在希腊雅典举行，有来自12个国家的280名运动员参加了43个项目的比赛。2004年，奥运会重返希腊，有来自201个国家的近1.1万名运动员参加)”可知，第四段提到1896年首届现代奥运会的280名运动员，及2004年回到希腊的运动会有近11,000名运动员参赛，体现了奥运会规模的增长，故选B项。 3.细节理解题。根据最后一段“They were not held in 1916 during World War I and in 1940 and 1944 during World War II.(第一次世界大战期间的1916年和第二次世界大战期间的1940年和1944年都没有举行)”可知，现代奥运会取消的原因是第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战。故选A项。 4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yet how many people know how these games came about and why they were created? Who came up with the idea of an Olympic torch (火炬)? Looking back in time can answer those questions.(然而，有多少人知道这些比赛是如何产生的，为什么要创造它们？谁想出了奥运火炬的主意？回顾过去可以回答这些问题)”以及下文介绍了不同时间段的事件可知，短文主要介绍了奥运会的简史。故选D项。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文09】（24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）In 1949, a long- lost- letter from Albert Einstein to engineer Glyn Davys revealed the famed physicist’s thinking about the possibility of animals having super senses. Over 70 years later, his assumptions proved astonishingly accurate. While Davys’s original inquiry has been lost, Einstein’s response suggested the engineer’s curiosity about animal perception (感知) and its implications for understanding the physical world. Einstein wrote, “It is thinkable that the investigation of the behavior of migratory birds and carrier pigeons (信鸽) may some day lead to the understanding of some physical process which is not yet known.” Today, we know that birds can sense Earth’s magnetıc field (磁场) using special light- sensitive cells in their eyes, allowing them to navigate vast distances without getting lost. Other animals, such as turtles, dogs and bees, also exhibit remarkable abilities to detect our planet’s magnetic field. At the time of the correspondence, biological and physical sciences were beginning to intersect in new ways. Bat echolocation (回声定位) had been discovered, and radar technology was emerging. Davys, as a researcher in these fields, was attracted by unusual animal senses, such as those exhibited by bees. Einstein was also fascinated by the potential of biological science to reveal hidden physical forces. In his letter, Einstein acknowledged his familiarity with Karl von Frisch, who had discovered that bees navigate using the polarization patterns of light. He had even attended one of Karl von Frisch’s lectures at Princeton University and met the researcher personally. While Davys seemed primarily interested in how new biological insights could inform future technology, Einstein advocated more biological study. He believed that such research could just affect the foundation of physics if it revealed a new type of sensory perception or stimuli through animal behavior. Since then, our understanding of bee behavior and animal perception has advanced significantly, and this knowledge has already helped improve technology, for example, smartphone cameras. However, mysteries remain regarding the precise mechanisms by which animals perceive light or sense Earth’s magnetic field, as it may vary across species. 1.What does Einstein’s letter indicate? A.Animal perception is irrelevant to physics. B.Carrier pigeons are lacking in super senses. C.Engineers should overlook animal behavior. D.Birds may help discover the new physical process. 2.What can we learn from paragraph 4? A.Davys found bees’ navigation mode. B.Einstein valued the research across subjects. C.Echolocation was discovered later than radar technology. D.Karl von Frisch’s work was challenged at Princeton University. 3.What was Einstein, more focused on according to paragraph 5? A.The reason for animals’ super senses. B.The difference between biology and physics. C.The impact of biological research on physics. D.The application of biology in future technology. 4.What does the last paragraph convey? A.Bee behavior remains a mystery. B.More research is needed on animal perception. C.Our knowledge about animals is comprehensive. D.The magnetic field helps animals to locate precisely. 【答案】1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爱因斯坦写的一封信，信中探讨了动物超感知能力，并讨论了科学家在这一领域探索的进展及其对物理学和技术的影响。 1.推理判断题。根据第二段“While Davys’s original inquiry has been lost, Einstein’s response suggested the engineer’s curiosity about animal perception (感知) and its implications for understanding the physical world. Einstein wrote, “It is thinkable that the investigation of the behavior of migratory birds and carrier pigeons (信鸽) may some day lead to the understanding of some physical process which is not yet known.”(虽然戴维斯最初的研究已经失传，但爱因斯坦的回答表明了这位工程师对动物感知的好奇心，以及它对理解物理世界的影响。爱因斯坦写道：“可以想象，对候鸟和信鸽行为的研究可能有一天会导致对一些尚不知道的物理过程的理解。”)”可知，爱因斯坦的信表明了鸟类可能有助于发现新的物理过程。故选D。 2.推理判断题。根据第四段“Einstein was also fascinated by the potential of biological science to reveal hidden physical forces.(爱因斯坦还着迷于生物科学揭示隐藏的物理力量的潜力)”可知，爱因斯坦对跨学科研究的重视。故选B。 3.细节理解题。根据第五段“While Davys seemed primarily interested in how new biological insights could inform future technology, Einstein advocated more biological study. He believed that such research could just affect the foundation of physics if it revealed a new type of sensory perception or stimuli through animal behavior.(戴维斯似乎主要对新的生物学见解如何影响未来的技术感兴趣，而爱因斯坦则主张进行更多的生物学研究。他认为，如果这种研究揭示了一种通过动物行为产生的新的感官知觉或刺激，那么它将影响物理学的基础)”可知，爱因斯坦更关注生物学研究对物理学的影响。故选C。 4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Since then, our understanding of bee behavior and animal perception has advanced significantly, and this knowledge has already helped improve technology, for example, smartphone cameras. However, mysteries remain regarding the precise mechanisms by which animals perceive light or sense Earth’s magnetic field, as it may vary across species.(从那时起，我们对蜜蜂行为和动物感知的理解有了显著的进步，这些知识已经帮助改进了技术，例如智能手机摄像头。然而，关于动物感知光或地球磁场的精确机制仍然是一个谜，因为它可能因物种而异)”可知，最后一段表达了需要对动物的感知进行更多的研究。故选B。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文10】（24-25高三上·云南·阶段练习）News this week of a 17% hike in the UK’s audiobook sales might seem like a niche （小众的）business story, but it raises an existential question. What exactly is an audiobook today? Is it a book? Is it a play? Or is it becoming something else entirely? What is clear is that a competition for market dominance is driving it into new dimensions. The streaming platform Spotify followed its move into podcasting two years ago with the launch of an audiobook business and made a deal for 200,000 users. Not to be outdone, Amazon-owned Audible—accustomed to being the market leader—upped its game, hiring the Oscar-winning director Sam Mendes to record multi-voice versions of the Dickens novels Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, and announcing last month that it would do a recording of JK Rowling’s Harry Potter series. Dramatised audiobooks are not an entirely new phenomenon. Two Booker prize-winning novels, Marlon James’s A Brief History of Seven Killings and George Saunders’s Lincoln in the Bardo, were given the treatment. Both were demanding reads—formal experiments in style and storytelling. The use of multiple narrators made them accessible to readers who might not have had the patience for the written versions. Even single-voiced readings can significantly change literature. To say that audio versions are different does not mean they are inferior to printed texts. For people with dyslexia （阅读障碍症） or ADHD, they can be a lifeline. The good news for those who secretly find audiobooks more accessible, but are embarrassed to admit it, is that brain scans have revealed that they stimulate the same cognitive and emotional parts of the brain, setting the pulse racing far more than watching them. So while we celebrate what audiobooks have in common with their print versions—both enable the brain to create its own pictures in an ever-changing world, we should also appreciate that they are translations into a different medium, even when read by the authors themselves. 1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A.The confusing definition of audiobooks. B.Spotify’s success as an audiobook producer. C.The dying situation of the audiobook industry. D.The rising market competitions facing audiobooks. 2.What does the underlined part “upped its game” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Become more competitive. B.Initiate a new game. C.Throw a party. D.Withdraw from competitions. 3.What characterizes dramatised audiobooks? A.They feature famous actors and narrators. B.They appeal to patient but demanding readers. C.They transform tough readings into users-friendly versions. D.They are the newly-invented styles of reading experiments. 4.What can be learnt from the last two paragraphs? A.Audiobooks are for people with reading difficulties. B.Printed texts can better stimulate and excite our brain. C.Printed texts and audiobooks are valuable and can co-exist. D.Audiobooks have more health benefits than those of printed texts. 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有声读物市场快速增长背后的存在主义问题及其蕴含的深刻文化和社会意义。文章指出，有声读物的流行不仅改变了人们的阅读习惯和方式，更在无形中影响着人们的思考方式和价值观。 1.主旨大意题。文章第一段首句“News this week of a 17% hike in the UK’s audiobook sales might seem like a niche （小众的） business story, but it raises an existential question.(本周有消息称，英国有声书销量增长了17%，这似乎是一个小众的商业故事，但它提出了一个存在性问题。)”指出了英国的有声读物市场在本周增长了17%，然后就此提出了几个关于有声读物的存在主义问题,以及“What is clear is that a competition for market dominance is driving it into new dimensions. The streaming platform Spotify followed its move into podcasting two years ago with the launch of an audiobook business and made a deal for 200,000 users. (显而易见的是，争夺市场主导地位的竞争正将其推向新的层面。流媒体平台Spotify在两年前进入播客领域，推出了有声书业务，并与20万用户达成了协议。)”说明了有声读物市场面临的激烈竞争，故选D。 2.词义猜测题。根据第二段划线处后“hiring the Oscar-winning director Sam Mendes to record multi-voice versions of the Dickens novels Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, and announcing last month that it would do a recording of JK Rowling’s Harry Potter series. (聘请奥斯卡获奖导演萨姆·门德斯为狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》和《大卫·科波菲尔》录制多声部版本，并于上月宣布将为JK·罗琳的《哈利·波特》系列录音。)”，可知，亚马逊旗下的Audible公司也不甘落后，习惯于成为市场领导者的它也加大了自己的竞争力度。可以推知划线部分的意思是“使自己更具竞争优势”，故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The use of multiple narrators made them accessible to readers who might not have had the patience for the written versions. (多重叙述者的使用使那些可能没有耐心阅读书面版本的读者更容易理解。)”可知，通过多声部戏剧化录制的形式来降低这两本书的难度，使没有耐心阅读它们的读者更易于理解，故选C。 4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“but are embarrassed to admit it, is that brain scans have revealed that they stimulate the same cognitive and emotional parts of the brain, setting the pulse racing far more than watching them. (但不好意思承认的是，脑部扫描显示，它们刺激大脑的认知和情感部分是一样的，比看它们让脉搏加速得多。)”以及文章最后一段“So while we celebrate what audiobooks have in common with their print versions—both enable the brain to create its own pictures in an ever-changing world, we should also appreciate that they are translations into a different medium, even when read by the authors themselves.(因此，当我们庆祝有声书与纸质书的共同之处时——两者都能让大脑在不断变化的世界中创造自己的画面，我们也应该欣赏它们被翻译成不同的媒介，即使是由作者自己阅读。)”说明了有声读物和纸质读物各有千秋，都有其存在的价值和受众群体，都可以让读者大脑的认知和情绪区域得到刺激，使读者进行积极思维活动，故选C。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文11】（24-25高三上·云南·阶段练习）As part of a post-fire response and recovery project, the Debris Flow Hazard Team (泥石流危害小组) is engaging in several studies to better understand the drivers of post-fire debris flows and improve post-fire hazard assessments across the Pacific Northwest. Wildfires make debris flows easy to happen, a fast-moving mixture of water, soil, and rock that can cause property damage and loss of life. After a wildfire, emergency managers need rapid answers to the questions: Where are debris flows likely? How much rain will it take to cause a debris flow? And how big will that debris flow be? Researchers are conducting applied research and emergency hazard assessments to answer these questions. Evaluated burn areas they’ve assessed included the nearly 2021 Dixie fire, the 2020 Labor Day wildfires, and many of the 2021 wildfires in Washington. The models used for hazard assessment have been developed and tested in drier places. But the models have not been tested widely in wetter places. Are the models accurate for wetter regions? Researchers have begun monitoring post-fire debris-flow activity in wetter places to answer the question. Post-fire monitoring involves measuring the rainfall within the burned areas and recording the flow response after rainstorms. The observed flow response is compared to the predicted possibility. If the model predicted a high possibility of debris flow and there was a debris flow, the model got it right. Recent data bespeaks both similarities and differences in debris-flow processes between the areas with higher humidity (湿度) and drier areas. For example, in the 2021 Dixie fire, major debris flows were caused by short bursts of intense rainfall like they are in drier places. In contrast, debris flows in the 2017 Eagle Creek Fire were caused by long time rainfall. Continued observation and testing is expected to lead to an improved set of hazard assessment models. Other frequently asked questions after wildfires are: How far will debris flows travel? What will be impacted? And how long will the burned areas remain hazardous? These questions are presently not addressed in current debris-flow hazard assessments, but the researchers are doing research to provide answers soon. 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.Contents included in a project. B.Hazards caused by debris flows. C.Causes of post-fire debris flows. D.Reasons for conducting the studies. 2.What places are current studies focusing on? A.Places seldom noticed. B.Places with debris flow records. C.Places with higher humidity. D.Places once affected by wildfires. 3.What does the underlined word “bespeaks” mean in paragraph 4? A.Replaces. B.Reveals. C.Recognizes. D.Recommends. 4.What may be included in the next studies according to the text? A.Methods to prevent debris flows. B.Possible effects of debris flows. C.The lasting time of the debris flows. D.Other risks in the burned areas. 【答案】1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。山火容易诱发泥石流灾害，对火灾地区进行及时、有效的泥石流风险评估能为后续预警以及行动提供信息。 1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As part of a post-fire response and recovery project, the Debris Flow Hazard Team (泥石流危害小组) is engaging in several studies to better understand the drivers of post-fire debris flows and improve post- fire hazard assessments across the Pacific Northwest. Wildfires make debris flows easy to happen, a fast- moving mixture of water, soil, and rock that can cause property damage and loss of life. (作为火灾后反应和恢复项目的一部分，泥石流灾害小组正在进行几项研究，以更好地了解火灾后泥石流的驱动因素，并改进整个太平洋西北地区的火灾后灾害评估。野火使泥石流容易发生，一种快速移动的水、土壤和岩石的混合物会造成财产损失和生命损失。)”可知，第一段讲述了开展这项研究的原因。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Researchers have begun monitoring post- fire debris- flow activity in wetter places to answer the question.  Post-fire monitoring involves measuring the rainfall within the burned areas and recording the flow response after rainstorms. (研究人员已经开始在潮湿的地方监测火灾后的泥石流活动来回答这个问题。火灾后监测包括测量燃烧区域内的降雨量和记录暴雨后的流量反应。)”可知，目前的研究关注湿度更高的区域。故选C。 3.词句猜测题。根据文章第四段中的“both similarities and differences in debris-flow processes between the areas with higher humidity (湿度) and drier areas. (高湿度地区和干燥地区的泥石流过程既有相似之处，也有不同之处。)”可知，高湿度地区和干燥地区的泥石流过程既有相似之处，也有不同之处是最近的数据所显示或揭示的结果。bespeaks是“揭示，显示”的意思。A. Replaces替换；B. Reveals揭示，显示；C. Recognizes承认；D. Recommends建议。故选B。 4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Other frequently asked questions after wildfires are: How far will debris flows travel? What will be impacted? And how long will the burned areas remain hazardous? These questions are presently not addressed in current debris-flow hazard assessments, but the researchers are doing research to provide answers soon. (野火后经常被问到的其他问题是:泥石流会传播多远？会有什么影响?燃烧区域的危险还会持续多久？这些问题目前还没有在当前的泥石流危害评估中得到解决，但研究人员正在进行研究以尽快提供答案。)”可以推断，接下来的研究可能会关注泥石流可能造成的影响。故选B。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文12】（24-25高三上·云南昆明·期中）Artificial intelligence and human relationships are often described as dangerous and widespread with moral implications. The concept of using a robot instead of a human as a companion is controversial (有争议的). Many would view it as a depressing symptom of isolated (孤立的) modern day living, and a breakdown of our communities. Some scientists, however, suggest that there may be more slight differences to this issue, claiming that it is no different from having a pet or children who own inanimate dolls. People on the edge of social isolation could use AI technology to help develop their social skills, building their confidence for real-world human interactions. The technology could also be used to prevent major depressive disorders and help stabilize patients going through a mental health crisis. In today’s society, loneliness is a serious illness. It discourages individuals from attempting to interact with others, further diminishing the chances of recovery and social engagement. AI could intervene in this downward spiral (恶性循环), providing companionship to help build feelings of self-worth and foster positive emotional states. Although the chatbots (聊天机器人) in their current primitive state have a limit to address loneliness, technology is rapidly improving, and soon it will be able to detect distinctions, learn personalities, and understand humor on a level never seen before. It is vital that when this happens, adequate safeguards are in place if chatbots are indeed to be used in a constructive manner to help the isolated. AI chatbots must have built-in protection. Users are likely to develop close bonds with such AI companions, making it extremely important that user privacy is protected and secure from outside malicious exploitation. Human beings are sociable creatures and need other people in their lives to function naturally. Without companionship, physical and mental health suffer dramatically. Using AI to help facilitate a return to sociability and to numb the pain of isolation is a novel concept that does hold some promise. However, fully replacing a human relationship with AI remains risky, and applying this concept safely must be done with caution. 1.Which of the following views is controversial on the use of AI? A.It can cause a breakdown of our communities. B.It is considered a sign of depressing symptom. C.It is regarded as a replacement for companion. D.It can help people deal with social relationships. 2.What does the underlined word “diminishing” mean in paragraph 3? A.Rising. B.Providing. C.Decreasing. D.Balancing. 3.Why does the author mention chatbots in paragraph 4? A.To introduce the function of chatbots. B.To support his opinion on AI use. C.To emphasize the benefits of AI. D.To popularize the application of AI. 4.What is the author’s suggestion on AI as companionship? A.Resist AI as a companion firmly. B.Take the place of medicine completely. C.Develop close relationship with AI trustingly. D.Establish a companionship with AI cautiously. 【答案】1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能作为伴侣的争议及其在缓解孤独和社会隔离方面的潜力。 1.细节理解题。根据“The concept of using a robot instead of a human as a companion is controversial (有争议的).(使用机器人代替人类作为伴侣的概念是有争议的)”可知，在使用人工智能方面，使用机器人代替人类作为伴侣的概念是有争议的。故选C。 2.词句猜测题。根据第三段“In today’s society, loneliness is a serious illness. It discourages individuals from attempting to interact with others, further diminishing the chances of recovery and social engagement. AI could intervene in this downward spiral (恶性循环), providing companionship to help build feelings of self-worth and foster positive emotional states.(在当今社会，孤独是一种严重的疾病。它不鼓励个人试图与他人互动，进一步diminishing康复和社会参与的机会。人工智能可以干预这种恶性循环，提供陪伴，帮助建立自我价值感，培养积极的情绪状态)”可知，孤独会使人不愿意与他人互动，结合常识，这会减少康复和社会参与的机会，推测划线单词表示“减少”，与Decreasing意义相近。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据第四段“Although the chatbots (聊天机器人) in their current primitive state have a limit to address loneliness, technology is rapidly improving, and soon it will be able to detect distinctions, learn personalities, and understand humor on a level never seen before.(尽管处于当前原始状态的聊天机器人在解决孤独感方面存在局限性，但技术正在迅速进步，很快它将能够检测到差异，学习个性，并以前所未有的水平理解幽默)”可知，聊天机器人将随着技术进步发挥更大的作用，帮助解决孤独感这一问题，由此推知，作者提到聊天机器人是为了支持自己对人工智能使用的看法。故选B。 4.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Using AI to help facilitate a return to sociability and to numb the pain of isolation is a novel concept that does hold some promise. However, fully replacing a human relationship with AI remains risky, and applying this concept safely must be done with caution.(使用人工智能来帮助恢复社交能力，并麻木孤立的痛苦，这是一个新颖的概念，确实有一些希望。然而，用人工智能完全取代人际关系仍然存在风险，必须谨慎安全地应用这一概念)”可知，作者表示使用人工智能作为陪伴的确有作用，但仍然存在风险，作者建议谨慎使用人工智能作为伴侣。故选D。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文13】（24-25高三上·云南昆明·期中）White noise has long been a proper solution for drowning out background sounds and finding peace and quiet. However, recently, its colorful competitors — pink noise and brown noise — have been gaining attention. There’s a growing discussion around pink noise, brown noise, green noise — a rainbow of comforting sounds — and their potential effects on sleep, concentration, and relaxation. White noise is a consistent sound that contains all frequencies in the spectrum (频谱) of audible sound, each at equal intensity. It’s often described as a “hissing” sound, similar to static (静电噪音) on a television or radio. White noise is popular for making it easier for people to concentrate or sleep. Pink noise has equal intensity per octave (八度音阶), meaning its energy is more concentrated at lower frequencies. This results in a softer and more comforting sound than white noise. Think of the gentle rustling (沙沙声) of leaves or the steady rain on a rooftop. Studies suggest pink noise can improve sleep quality by enhancing deeper and longer sleep. Brown noise, also known as red noise, has even more energy at lower frequencies, producing a deeper and more rumbling sound. Some people find brown noise particularly effective for relaxation and reducing anxiety, as its deeper tones can have a calming effect. Selecting the right type of noise depends on your personal preference and the specific benefits you’re seeking. Pink noise may help you fall asleep faster and enjoy more restorative sleep. White noise is still a good choice for those needing to concentrate in a noisy environment. You can choose brown noise if seeking relaxation or stress relief. Besides these noises, there are other colorful noises to explore. Blue noise, violet noise, and gray noise have unique sound profiles and potential benefits. As research continues, the world of sound therapy is sure to expand further. As more people discover the benefits of these colorful competitors, the landscape of noise therapy is becoming more vibrant than ever. 1.What can we learn about pink noise? A.It has deeper and lower sound than others. B.It enhances sleep of high quality. C.It results in higher level of concentration. D.It helps make people less anxious. 2.How do people choose the suitable noise? A.It relies on others’ preference. B.It counts on the environment you’ re in. C.It’s up to your need. D.It’s based on your pressure. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards the future of noise therapy? A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Indifferent. D.Critical. 4.What’s the main idea of the passage? A.The growing attention to noises of different colors. B.The various functions of soft sounds. C.The new methods of focusing in noisy environment. D.The creative treatment for sleep problems. 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了各种色彩噪声的特点及对睡眠、专注和放松的作用。 1.细节理解题。根据第三段“Studies suggest pink noise can improve sleep quality by enhancing deeper and longer sleep.(研究表明，粉红噪音可以通过增强更深、更长的睡眠来改善睡眠质量)”以及第四段“Pink noise may help you fall asleep faster and enjoy more restorative sleep.(粉红噪音可以帮助你更快入睡，享受更具恢复性的睡眠)”可知，粉红噪音可以帮助改善睡眠质量。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段“Selecting the right type of noise depends on your personal preference and the specific benefits you’re seeking.(选择合适的噪音类型取决于你的个人喜好和你想要的具体好处)”可知，人们应该根据自己的喜好和想要的具体好处选择合适的噪音。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“As more people discover the benefits of these colorful competitors, the landscape of noise therapy is becoming more vibrant than ever.(随着越来越多的人发现这些丰富多彩的竞争对手的好处，噪音治疗的前景比以往任何时候都更加充满活力)”可推知，作者认为噪音治疗的前景很好，所以作者对噪音治疗的未来持积极态度。故选B。 4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’s a growing discussion around pink noise, brown noise, green noise — a rainbow of comforting sounds — and their potential effects on sleep, concentration, and relaxation.(关于粉红噪音、棕色噪音、绿色噪音——彩虹般的安慰声音——及其对睡眠、注意力和放松的潜在影响，人们的讨论越来越多)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了各种色彩噪声的特点及对睡眠、专注和放松的作用，即人们对不同颜色的噪音越来越关注。故选A。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文14】（24-25高三上·云南保山·阶段练习）A new study has revealed that the chemicals in air pollution may rob some flowers of their scent (香味) and make them more difficult for pollinators (传粉者) to find. The researchers discovered that nitrate radicals (NO3) and ozone (NO3), common by-products of car waste gas and burning fossil fuels, are main pollutants that weaken the wildflowers’ scent. Ecologist Jeremy Chan and his colleagues put bags over pale evening primrose flowers to trap the flowers’ scent. They took the scent back to the lab, along with some hawkmoths. Hawkmoths are one of the pollinators drawn to the primrose’s scent. Then they released the primrose’s scent and hawkmoths into the air flowing into a wind tunnel. At once, they watched the moths easily flying upwind and tracking the scent. But it was a different story when pollutants, like ozone and nitrate radicals, were added to the mix. Now, the moths flew in a wavy line. They seemed to be seeking the scent — often without success. The team then tested its findings in nature. One cold night, they set up a field of artificial and real flowers. They found moths had up to a 70% decline in accuracy of finding the flower sources when nitrate radicals were introduced. The same reactions could hurt flower scent by day. But because sunlight can break down much of the ozone, the problem is likely less serious for day pollinators. In January, scientists published a separate study on the potential impacts of air pollution on insect pollination. That study similarly noted how air pollutants can impact flower scent as well as visual clues, such as plant petal (花瓣) size and potential color. The growing research on how air pollutants affect pollinators and plants highlights the dangers of air pollution to insect pollinators. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, 40% of global insect pollinators are endangered. If pollution remains serious, it will further threaten the pollinators and the plants’ reproduction. 1.What makes it harder for pollinators to locate flowering plants? A.The short flowering season. B.The terrible smell in the air. C.The breakdown of the flower scent. D.The unappealing appearance of flowers. 2.How did researchers carry out the study? A.By analyzing typical cases. B.By referring to another study. C.By collecting previous records. D.By combining lab and field tests. 3.What can be inferred about night pollinators from paragraph 3? A.They fly longer than day pollinators. B.They are sensitive to polluted flowers. C.They certainly search fruitlessly for scent clues. D.They face a greater threat than day pollinators. 4.What is the author’s real purpose in mentioning the study in January? A.To compare it with the new study. B.To evaluate the role pollinators play. C.To stress the urgency of reducing pollution. D.To erase doubts about the findings of the new study. 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.D 4.C 【导语】本文是说明文。文中讲述，根据一项新的研究表明，空气污染中的化学物质会降解花香，使传粉者难以找到开花植物，进而影响植物繁殖。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“...the chemicals in air pollution may rob some flowers of their scent and make them more difficult for pollinators to find. （空气污染中的化学物质可能会剥夺一些花的气味，使传粉者更难找到它们）”可知，选项C“花香的降解”使得传粉者更难找到开花植物。故选C. 2.细节理解题。根据第二段“They took the scent back to the lab, along with some hawkmoths.（他们把气味和一些飞蛾带回了实验室）”和第三段前两句“The team then tested its findings in nature. One cold night, they set up a field of artificial and real flowers. （研究小组随后在自然界中测试了他们的发现。在一个寒冷的夜晚，他们在一块地里种上了人造和真花）”可知，研究人员是通过选项D的“实验室和实地试验”开展研究的。故选D。 3.推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“The same reactions could hurt flower scent by day. But because sunlight can break down much of the ozone, the problem is likely less serious for day pollinators. （同样的反应也会损害白天的花香。但由于阳光可以分解大部分臭氧，所以这个问题对白天授粉的昆虫来说可能不那么严重）”，夜间没有阳光分解臭氧，臭氧会集聚更多，这进一步加大了夜间传粉者寻找食物的难度，可推知选项D“与白天传粉者相比它们面临更大的生存威胁”。故选D。 4.推理判断题。根据第四段“That study similarly noted how air pollutants can impact flower scent as well as visual clues... (该研究同样指出了空气污染物是如何影响花香和视觉线索的……)”和最后一段“The growing research… highlights the dangers of air pollution to in-sect pollinators. (越来越多的研究……强调了空气污染对昆虫传粉媒介的危害)”可知，作者提到一月份的研究是为了强调空气污染对传粉昆虫的危害性，也就是选项C“减少污染的紧迫性”。故选C。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文15】（24-25高三上·云南保山·阶段练习）Now, everyone has a camera in their back pocket — in the form of a smartphone. It’s easy to take hundreds of photos without needing to really consider storage. And it’s very hard to imagine that, at one time, capturing (拍摄) an image was an almost impossible process. Going back even before traditional film cameras, there were camera obscuras (暗箱). These were boxes with a small hole in them. Through one side, an image could be projected onto a wall on the opposite side of the box. However, the picture was upside down, very faint, and couldn’t be captured in physical form — a bit like the images we see on modern projectors. In 1839, a French artist called Daguerre managed to work out a way to store and save photographs.  He projected the images onto a shiny metal plate treated with chemicals. These images, clearer than ever, were in black and white. The first color photo ever taken was of a tartan ribbon. The image was composed of three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, blue or green filter (滤镜). So, how did we get from these early photographs to the kind we put into a frame and keep? Before the digital revolution, an image was captured on a negative, and this method is still chosen by some photographers today. A negative is an upside-down image on a small piece of glass or plastic film which can then be exposed to light and processed onto photographic paper. When this was the main source of obtaining physical copies of photographs, it was a lengthy process with customers having to take the negatives to a shop and wait for their pictures to be developed. That was until digital photography came along in the 1970s. Digital cameras, whose memory cards can hold thousands of images, captured images that could be saved as files and processed on a computer. Those are the kind of photos we take today on our phones. 1.What does the underlined word “faint” mean in paragraph 2? A.Vivid. B.Bright. C.Invisible. D.Indistinct. 2.What is Daguerre’s main contribution to photography? A.Fixing images permanently. B.Developing the film quickly. C.Producing the first color photos. D.Making potential images take shape. 3.What advantage do digital cameras have over traditional ones? A.They are much cheaper to buy. B.They have huger photo storage space. C.They are more suitable for landscapes. D.They produce higher-resolution photos. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A.The Origin of Cameras B.The Development of Photography C.The Trend of Future Photographs D.The History of Photographic Paper 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.B 4.B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了摄影技术的发展历程，从暗箱到传统胶片相机，再到数码相机的出现。 1.词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Through one side, an image could be projected onto a wall on the opposite side of the box. However, the picture was upside down, very faint, and couldn’t be captured in physical form — a bit like the images we see on modern projectors.( 通过一侧，图像可以投射到盒子对面的一侧墙上。然而，图像是倒立的，非常_____，并且无法以物理形式捕捉——有点像我们在现代投影仪上看到的图像)”可知，暗箱中的图像是倒立的，并且无法以物理形式捕捉，说明图像不清晰，与现代的投影仪上的图像有些相似，由此可推测出“faint”的意思是“不清晰的，模糊的”，与“Indistinct”意思相近。故选D项。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 1839, a French artist called Daguerre managed to work out a way to store and save photographs. He projected the images onto a shiny metal plate treated with chemicals. These images, clearer than ever, were in black and white.(1839年，一位名叫达盖尔的法国艺术家设法找到了一种存储和保存照片的方法。他将图像投射到一块经过化学处理的闪亮金属板上。这些图像比以往任何时候都更清晰，是黑白的)”可知，Daguerre的主要贡献是找到了永久保存图像的方法。故选A项。 3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Digital cameras, whose memory cards can hold thousands of images, captured images that could be saved as files and processed on a computer.(数码相机，其存储卡可以存储数千张图像，捕捉到的图像可以保存为文件并在计算机上进行处理)”可知，数码相机比传统相机具有更大的照片存储空间。故选B项。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Now, everyone has a camera in their back pocket — in the form of a smartphone. It’s easy to take hundreds of photos without needing to really consider storage. And it’s very hard to imagine that, at one time, capturing an image was an almost impossible process.(现在，每个人的后口袋里都有一台相机——以智能手机的形式。很容易就可以拍摄数百张照片，而无需真正考虑存储问题。很难想象，曾经拍摄一张照片几乎是不可能的)”以及后文对摄影技术发展历程的介绍，可知本文主要讲述摄影技术的发展，故“The Development of Photography(摄影的发展)”是文章最佳标题。故选B项。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文16】（24-25高三上·云南德宏·阶段练习）A pilot program in North County is teaching students about nutrition and where their food comes from. The five-week Farm to School program is a partnership between Escondido Union School District and the Farm to Institution Center. It encourages elementary school children to try vegetables they may not have tried before. “I think that understanding just the roots of where our food comes from and how it gets to our table is meaningful,” said Jeremy Lyche, principal of Bernardo Elementary School. “You saw the kids’ excitement today. They love it.” The students in Paul Erickson’s class have been in the program for over a month. “We’ve been doing multiple lessons where we’re learning about and teaching about local farms in our community, as well as some healthier choices like produce, just getting students engaged in farming,” Erickson said. Once a week for the past five weeks, Alexis Anderson from the Farm to Institution Center has been coming by to teach these kids more about farming and what it takes to get fresh produce to their tables. Wednesday was the students’ last session in the program. She said the main takeaway for the kids is learning where their food comes from. “And eating locally and supporting local because it not only benefits their community economically, but also benefits their health and just education overall of knowing what’s available,” Anderson said. After Wednesday’s lesson, the students went to the school garden for a game of bingo to identify the things they’ve learned. One of the goals of the school garden is for the students to try new things. For Escondido Union School District, the ultimate goal for the school garden is for the produce to end up in the cafeteria for the children to eat. But there are some health regulations the district still needs to overcome before that can happen. 1.What is the purpose of the Farm to School program? A.To provide funding for school gardens. B.To promote local farms and their products. C.To motivate children to plant vegetables. D.To get students to know the source of food. 2.What does the underlined word “takeaway” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A.Gain. B.Focus. C.Adventure. D.Issue. 3.Which is the benefit of eating locally according to Anderson? A.It reduces the food waste. B.It supports the local economy. C.It improves farming skills. D.It lowers food production cost. 4.What should the school district do to achieve their goal? A.Increase the variety of vegetables grown. B.Expand the garden to produce more food. C.Ensure the produce meets health regulations. D.Train more teachers to take part in the program. 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了北县一个试点项目“农场到学校”项目，该项目旨在让学生了解营养和食物的来源。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“A pilot program in North County is teaching students about nutrition and where their food comes from.(北县的一个试点项目正在教授学生关于营养和食物来源的知识。)”可知，农场到学校项目的目的是让学生了解食物的来源。故选D项。 2.词句猜测题。根据前文“Once a week for the past five weeks, Alexis Anderson from the Farm to Institution Center has been coming by to teach these kids more about farming and what it takes to get fresh produce to their tables. Wednesday was the students’ last session in the program.(在过去的五周里，来自农场到机构中心的亚历克西斯·安德森每周都会来一次，教这些孩子更多关于农业的知识，以及如何将新鲜农产品送到他们的餐桌上。周三是学生们参加该项目的最后一节课)”可知，亚历克西斯·安德森每周都会来一次，教这些孩子更多关于农业的知识，以及如何将新鲜农产品送到他们的餐桌上，所以孩子们的主要收获是了解他们的食物来自哪里，推知takeaway是“收获”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 3.细节理解题。根据第五段““And eating locally and supporting local because it not only benefits their community economically, but also benefits their health and just education overall of knowing what’s available,” Anderson said.(安德森说：“吃当地的食物，支持当地的食物，因为这不仅有利于他们的社区经济，而且有利于他们的健康和了解可用食物的整体教育。”)”可知，吃当地食物的好处是支持当地经济。故选B项。 4.细节理解题。根据最后一段“For Escondido Union School District, the ultimate goal for the school garden is for the produce to end up in the cafeteria for the children to eat. But there are some health regulations the district still needs to overcome before that can happen.(对于Escondido Union School District来说，学校菜园的最终目标是让农产品最终进入食堂，供孩子们食用。但在此之前，该地区仍需要克服一些卫生法规)”可知，学区应该确保农产品符合健康规定才能实现他们的目标。故选C项。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文17】（24-25高三上·云南德宏·阶段练习）From the earliest age, children are taught that the word “please” holds special power in communication. It’s presented as a key to unlocking favors and transforming demands into polite requests. However, recent research challenges this conventional wisdom, suggesting that “please” might not always carry the weight of universal politeness, but rather serves as a strategic tool to navigate (操纵) social dynamics. A study published in Social Psychology Quarterly by a team of sociologists from UCLA explores the slight differences of how people make requests. Contrary to common assumptions, the study reveals that “please” is used far less frequently than expected. Its usage is particularly pronounced in situations where a negative response is anticipated. Whether it’s passing butter at the dinner table or asking for a ride to the airport, individuals tend to employ “please” when they perceive unwillingness or busyness on the part of the other person. Rather than being a blanket expression of politeness, it functions more as a strategy to overcome resistance or obstacles in interpersonal interactions. The findings suggest a need to move away from rigid, one-size-fits-all rules of etiquette (礼节) and towards a more different understanding of situation al dynamics. Lead researcher Andrew Chalfoun suggests understanding each situation rather than following strict rules of politeness. Chalfoun warns that using “please” too much can seem pushy or insincere in some situations. The study analyzed over a thousand requests and found “please” was only used in 7% of cases, mainly when people expected resistance or when the person asked was busy. Moreover, the study reveals that children employ “please” in much the same way as adults often using it strategically when met with previous refusals. This highlights the role of learned social norms in shaping linguistic behavior from a young age. The researchers hope that their insights into the practical use of politeness will inform future studies on social behavior. By uncovering the small differences of everyday interactions, they aim to develop more accurate models of human communication and behavior. 1.In which situation is it most likely to use “please” according to the research? A.Telling visitors to follow the safety guidelines. B.Telling a student to submit his report on time. C.Borrowing a book from your best friend. D.Asking for assistance from a busy colleague. 2.What is a negative effect of overusing “please”? A.It can come across as forced or dishonest. B.It can make requests seem less important. C.It can be perceived as overly casual. D.It can lead to misunderstandings. 3.What do the researchers hope to achieve with their findings? A.To remove the use of “please” in communication. B.To enhance the understanding of human behavior. C.To prove that politeness is unnecessary in some cases. D.To demonstrate that children are more polite than adults. 4.What’s the text mainly about? A.The universal importance of saying “please”. B.The decline of politeness in modern society. C.The strategic use of “please” in social interactions. D.The history of polite expressions in different cultures. 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了关于“please”这个词在社交互动中的实际作用的研究发现，挑战了传统观念中“please”作为普遍礼貌用语的看法，提出了它更多地被用作一种策略来克服人际交往中的阻力或障碍。 1.推理判断题。根据第三段“Whether it’s passing butter at the dinner table or asking for a ride to the airport, individuals tend to employ “please” when they perceive unwillingness or busyness on the part of the other person. Rather than being a blanket expression of politeness, it functions more as a strategy to overcome resistance or obstacles in interpersonal interactions.(无论是在餐桌上递黄油还是要求搭便车去机场，当人们感觉到对方不愿意或很忙时，他们倾向于使用“请”。它不是一种笼统的礼貌表达，而是一种克服人际交往中阻力或障碍的策略)”可知，当人们感觉到对方不愿意或很忙时，他们倾向于使用“请”，所以D项“向忙碌的同事寻求帮助”最可能使用“请”符合题意。故选D项。 2.细节理解题。根据第五段“Chalfoun warns that using “please” too much can seem pushy or insincere in some situations.(查尔芬警告说，在某些情况下，过多地使用“请”会显得咄咄逼人或不真诚)”可知，过度使用“请”的负面影响是它会给人一种强迫或不真诚的感觉。故选A项。 3.细节理解题。根据最后一段“The researchers hope that their insights into the practical use of politeness will inform future studies on social behavior. By uncovering the small differences of everyday interactions, they aim to develop more accurate models of human communication and behavior.(研究人员希望他们对礼貌的实际应用的见解能够为未来的社会行为研究提供信息。通过揭示日常互动的微小差异，他们旨在开发更准确的人类交流和行为模型)”可知，研究人员希望通过他们的发现增进对人类行为的理解。故选B项。 4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“From the earliest age, children are taught that the word “please” holds special power in communication. It’s presented as a key to unlocking favors and transforming demands into polite requests. However, recent research challenges this conventional wisdom, suggesting that “please” might not always carry the weight of universal politeness, but rather serves as a strategic tool to navigate (操纵) social dynamics.(从很小的时候起，孩子们就被教导“请”这个词在交流中具有特殊的力量。它被认为是打开恩惠并将需求转化为礼貌请求的钥匙。然而，最近的研究挑战了这一传统智慧，表明“请”可能并不总是具有普遍礼貌的分量，而是作为一种战略工具来驾驭社会动态)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述社交互动中“请”的策略性使用。故选C项。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文18】（24-25高三上·四川·期中）A study conducted by Cornell University examined how the use of AI in conversations impacts the way people express themselves and view each other. The researchers have found people have more efficient conversations, use more positive language and perceive each other more positively when using an AI-enabled chat tool. However, the group also found that when participants think their partner is using more AI-suggested responses, they consider that partner as less cooperative. “I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively simply because they suspect you’re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,” said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher. “This illustrates the continuous overall doubt that people seem to have around AI.” For their first experiment, participants were asked to talk about a policy issue and assigned to one of three conditions: both participants can use smart replies; only one participant can use smart replies; or neither participant can use smart replies. Researchers found that using smart replies increased communication efficiency, positive emotional language and positive evaluations by communication partners. On average, smart replies accounted for 14.3% of sent messages. But participants whose partners suspected of responding with smart replies were evaluated more negatively than those who were thought to have typed their own responses, consistent with common assumptions about the negative implications of AI. “While AI might be able to help you write,” Hohenstein said, “it’s altering your language in ways you might not expect, especially by making you sound more positive. This suggests that by using text-generating AI, you’re giving up some of your own personal voice.” Malte Jung, an associate professor, said, “What we observe in this study is the impact that AI has on social dynamics and some of the unintended consequences that could result from integrating AI in social contexts. This suggests that whoever controls the algorithm (算法) may have influence on people’s interactions, language and insights into each other.” 1.How do the researchers draw their conclusion? A.By analyzing figures. B.By making use of AI. C.By conducting experiments. D.By completing questionnaires. 3.Which statement does Hohenstein agree with? A.AI always expresses in ways you expect. B.Algorithm will never influence people’s insights. C.Trust can be affected by using AI in conversation. D.You will regain your voice by using AI in conversation. 4.How will a person feel about suspecting his partner’s using smart replies? A.Nervous. B.Uncomfortable. C.Excited. D.Puzzled. 5.What is the text mainly about? A.Methods of using AI in conversations. B.Efficiency of using AI in conversations. C.Convenience of using AI in conversations. D.Impacts of using AI in conversations. 【答案】1.C 3.C 4.B 5.D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了康奈尔大学进行的一项研究，该研究探讨了在对话中使用人工智能如何影响人们的表达方式和相互看待的方式。 1.细节理解题。根据第五段中“For their first experiment, participants were asked to talk about a policy issue and assigned to one of three conditions: both participants can use smart replies; only one participant can use smart replies; or neither participant can use smart replies. Researchers found that using smart replies increased communication efficiency, positive emotional language and positive evaluations by communication partners. (在他们的第一个实验中，要求参与者讨论一个政策问题，并被分配到三种情况之一：两名参与者都可以使用智能回复；只有一名参与者可以使用智能回复；或者两名参与者都不能使用智能回复。研究人员发现，使用智能回复可以提高沟通效率、积极情绪语言和沟通伙伴的积极评价)”可知，研究人员是通过进行实验来得出结论的。故选C项。 2.推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, the group also found that when participants think their partner is using more AI-suggested responses, they consider that partner as less cooperative.(然而，该小组还发现，当参与者认为他们的搭档使用了更多人工智能建议的回答时，他们会认为对方不太合作)”和第四段中“‘I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively simply because they suspect you’re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,’ said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher. ‘This illustrates the continuous overall doubt that people seem to have around AI.’ (首席研究员Jess Hohenstein说：“我很惊讶地发现，不管你是否真的在用，人们往往会因为怀疑你在用人工智能撰写文本而对你做出更负面的评价。这说明人们似乎对人工智能一直抱有怀疑。”)”可知，Hohenstein发现在对话中使用人工智会带来负面评价，会影响人们之间的信任，所以Hohenstein会赞同“Trust can be affected by using AI in conversation.(在对话中使用人工智能会影响信任)”这一观点。故选C项。 1.细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively simply because they suspect you’re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,’ said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher. (首席研究员Jess Hohenstein说：“我很惊讶地发现，不管你是否真的在用，人们往往会因为怀疑你在用人工智能撰写文本而对你做出更负面的评价。”)”可知，如果一个人怀疑他的伙伴在使用智能回复，他会做出负面评价，说明他感到不舒服。故选B项。 2.主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“A study conducted by Cornell University examined how the use of AI in conversations impacts the way people express themselves and view each other. (康奈尔大学进行的一项研究探讨了在对话中使用人工智能如何影响人们的表达方式和相互看待的方式)”可知，文章主要介绍的是在对话中使用人工智能的影响。故选D项。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文19】（24-25高三上·四川雅安·阶段练习）Scientists have for the first time discovered a cave on the Moon. It could be an ideal place for humans to build a permanent base, they say. It is just one in probably hundreds of caves hidden in an “underground, undiscovered world”, according to the researchers. Countries are racing to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, but they will need to protect astronauts from radiation, extreme temperatures, and space weather. And the newly discovered cave looked like a good place for a base which will provide a good protection for astronauts, and humans could potentially be living there in 20-30 years. The cave has yet to be fully explored, but the researchers hope that radars, cameras or even robots could be used to map it. “We have very good images of the surface—we can see the Apollo landing sites—but we know little about what lies below the surface. There are huge opportunities for discovery.” said Francesco Sauro, Coordinator of the Topical Team Planetary Caves of the European Space Agency. The Moon cave might be useful to humans, but the scientists also stress that it could help answer fundamental questions about the history of the Moon, and even our solar system. The rocks inside the cave will not be as damaged by space weather, so they can provide an extensive geological record going back billions of years. 1.What is the main significance of the discovering the Moon cave? A.It offers a potential living place for humans. B.It proves the existence of life on the moon. C.It challenges the study of space weather. D.It provides a new tourist destination. 2.What makes the Moon cave a potential site for a human base? A.Its temperature. B.Its length. C.Its protection. D.Its width. 3.What can be inferred about the exploration of the Moon cave? A.It is affected by lack of funding. B.It holds great potential for scientific discovery. C.It has been completed using advanced technology. D.It is focused on finding evidence of life on the moon. 4.What is the scientists’ attitude towards the Moon cave? A.Carefully optimistic. B.Doubtful. C.Absolutely certain. D.Uninterested. 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是科学家首次在月球上发现洞穴，或成人类建立永久基地的理想地点，对未来月球探索及研究月球乃至太阳系历史具有重要意义。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists have for the first time discovered a cave on the Moon. It could be an ideal place for humans to build a permanent base, they say.( 科学家首次在月球上发现了一个洞穴。他们说，这可能是人类建立永久基地的理想场所。)”可知，科学家首次在月球上发现洞穴，这个洞穴可能是人类建立永久基地的理想地点，因此发现月球洞穴的主要意义在于它为人类提供了一个潜在的居住地。故选A。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“And the newly discovered cave looked like a good place for a base which will provide a good protection for astronauts, and humans could potentially be living there in 20-30 years.( 新发现的洞穴看起来是一个基地的好地方，它将为宇航员提供良好的保护，人类可能在20-30年内生活在那里。)”可知，新发现的洞穴看起来像是建立基地的好地方，它将为宇航员提供良好的保护。因此，月球洞穴之所以成为人类基地的潜在地点，是因为它提供的保护。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The cave has yet to be fully explored, but the researchers hope that radars, cameras or even robots could be used to map it. (这个洞穴还没有被完全探索过，但研究人员希望可以用雷达、相机甚至机器人来绘制它的地图。)”以及“We have very good images of the surface—we can see the Apollo landing sites—but we know little about what lies below the surface. There are huge opportunities for discovery.( 我们有非常清晰的月球表面图像——我们可以看到阿波罗号的着陆点——但我们对月球表面以下的情况知之甚少。有巨大的发现机会。)”以及最后一段中“The Moon cave might be useful to humans, but the scientists also stress that it could help answer fundamental questions about the history of the Moon, and even our solar system. (月球洞穴可能对人类有用，但科学家们也强调，它可以帮助回答有关月球甚至太阳系历史的基本问题。)”可知，对于月球洞穴还没有被完全探索，因此对其探索有着巨大的发现机会，并且月球洞穴对人类是有着极大的用处，因此推断月球洞穴的探索具有很大的科学发现潜力。故选B。 4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The cave has yet to be fully explored, but the researchers hope that radars, cameras or even robots could be used to map it. (这个洞穴还没有被完全探索过，但研究人员希望可以用雷达、相机甚至机器人来绘制它的地图。)”以及最后一段中“The Moon cave might be useful to humans, but the scientists also stress that it could help answer fundamental questions about the history of the Moon, and even our solar system. The rocks inside the cave will not be as damaged by space weather, so they can provide an extensive geological record going back billions of years. (月球洞穴可能对人类有用，但科学家们也强调，它可以帮助回答有关月球甚至太阳系历史的基本问题。洞穴内的岩石不会受到太空天气的破坏，因此它们可以提供数十亿年前的广泛地质记录。)”可知，科学家们认为这个洞穴可能对于研究月球和太阳系的历史有着重要的作用，同时也提到这个洞穴可能为人类的居住提供一个良好的保护。但是月球洞穴还有并未完全探索，还需要进一步探索，由此推知科学家们对其持乐观态度，但同时也强调了需要更多的发现和研究即科学家们对月球洞穴持有谨慎乐观的态度。故选A。 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文20】（24-25高三上·四川雅安·阶段练习）Body Mass Index, or BMI, is a medical tool to compare your height to your weight. Doctors have used it for a long time to see if people have a healthy weight. But some people don’t like it because it can say they are too heavy or really heavy when they don’t feel that way. A strong lady who plays rugby in the Olympics, Ilona Maher, has a BMI of 30, which some people might say is almost too heavy. But she said that she’s going to the Olympics and they are not. Some researchers say that the way we calculate BMI is old and not fair mainly because it was made a long time ago using mostly white men’s data. It wasn’t meant to be used to check everyone’s health. Even doctors say BMI isn’t perfect. It doesn’t look at how different people’s bodies can be, like if they have more muscles or fat in certain places. Now, there’s a new way to measure body shape called the Body Roundness Index, or BRI. It looks at how round you are by using your height and waist size, not your weight. This might be a better way to see if you have too much fat around your middle, which can lead to health problems like diabetes and heart disease. Unlike fat on your thighs (大腿), this fat is more risky. Dr. Niu says that when we use BMI, it might say that strong athletes are at more risk than they really are, but it might not show that older people with less muscle and more fat are at risk. Doctors agree that BMI is not very detailed and doesn’t show how different our bodies can be in shape, what we’re made of, how much muscle we have, and how dense (密度大的) our bones are. 1.What is BMI used to do? A.Compare roundness. B.Compare weight. C.Compare height to waist size. D.Compare height to weight. 2.What is a main disadvantage of BMI according to paragraph 3? A.It is too complex for practical use. B.It fails to consider height and weight. C.It is not suitable for all people due to its data. D.It stresses the importance of waist size too much. 3.What can be inferred about BRI from the passage? A.It is also not very detailed. B.It will completely replace BMI. C.It is mainly designed for athletes. D.It offers a better way to see health risks. 4.Which of the following titles best suits the passage? A.How to keep healthy? B.Time to say goodbye to BMI? C.The Outdated Medical Tools D.A Battle between BMI and BRI 【答案】1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是BMI及使用BMI的不足之处，并引出了新的BRI方式来评估健康风险。 1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Body Mass Index, or BMI, is a medical tool to compare your height to your weight.(身体质量指数（BMI）是一种比较身高和体重的医疗工具)”可知，BMI指标被用来比较身高和体重。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Some researchers say that the way we calculate BMI is old and not fair mainly because it was made a long time ago using mostly white men’s data. It wasn’t meant to be used to check everyone’s health. Even doctors say BMI isn’t perfect. It doesn’t look at how different people’s bodies can be, like if they have more muscles or fat in certain places.(一些研究人员说，我们计算BMI的方法过时了，而且不公平，主要是因为它是很久以前使用的主要是白人男性的数据。它不是用来检查每个人的健康状况的。就连医生也说BMI并不完美。它不考虑人们的身体有多么不同，比如他们是否在某些地方有更多的肌肉或脂肪)”可知，BMI的主要的缺点在于它的数据并不适合所有人。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Now, there’s a new way to measure body shape called the Body Roundness Index, or BRI. It looks at how round you are by using your height and waist size, not your weight. This might be a better way to see if you have too much fat around your middle, which can lead to health problems like diabetes and heart disease.(现在，有一种新的测量身体形状的方法，叫做身体圆度指数（BRI）。它根据你的身高和腰围来判断你的圆度，而不是你的体重。这可能是一个更好的方法，看看你的腰部是否有太多的脂肪，这可能会导致糖尿病和心脏病等健康问题)”可推知，BRI提供了一个更好的方式来观察健康风险。故选D。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Doctors agree that BMI is not very detailed and doesn’t show how different our bodies can be in shape, what we’re made of, how much muscle we have, and how dense (密度大的) our bones are.(医生们一致认为，BMI不是很详细，不能显示我们的身体在形状上有多么不同，我们是由什么组成的，我们有多少肌肉，以及我们的骨骼有多致密)”及上文内容可知，本文介绍了什么是BMI及使用BMI的不足之处，并引出了新的BRI方式来评估健康风险。由此可知，B选项“是时候和BMI说再见了？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。 试卷第2页，共46页 1 / 46 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ · 《2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练》 专题25【汇编】新八省期中阅读理解说明文通关16篇 · （满分攻略+八省名校模拟）原卷版 · （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） ( 说明 文 满分 作答解题 妙招 ) 一、命题特点 · 1. 选材特点 · 文章主要源自主流杂志、报刊、网站等，通常是关于各学科的前沿问题，如自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类；高科技领域的最新科研成果；人们比较关心的生态环境问题；涉及到太空、生物、心理、考古等领域话题。 · 2. 语篇结构 · 特点科普类说明文文章结构清晰，通常开门见山，直奔主题。文章基本可以分为两大类：事物性科普说明文和事理性科普说明文。两类文章，通常都比较客观、准确地介绍一个新产品、前沿技术的功能、用途、材料、优缺点、市场前景等，或者说明某个科学道理、科学现象或科学观点，目的是帮助读者明白“为什么是这样”。 · · 事物说明文一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、作对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响；事物说明文通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。 · 3. 设题特点 · 就语言来说，科普说明文通常篇幅较长，用词地道，专业性强，语言正式，且逻辑性强，句式结构相对复杂。这就需要考生具备扎实的词汇量和坚实的语法基础，且具备一定的科普相关知识，并能够理解分析长难句。 · 4. 命题热点 · 科普类说明文主要考查在把握文章核心主旨的基础上对文章内容的深层理解。提问形式为：What do you know from the passage? · 标题判断题、文章或段落主旨题也较为常见，考查对文章或段落主旨的理解，主要提问形式为：What is a suitable title for the text? · 其次，科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理以及最新科学技术进步，文中易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现词义猜测题，提问形式为：What does the underlined word/phrase…in paragraph…mean/refer to? 二、说明方法 · 1. 罗列法（listing） · 在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习： There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。 · 2. 举例法（examples） · 举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。 · 3. 比较法（comparison and contrast） · 比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法。在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。 · 4. 定义法（definition） · 定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语。比如A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird. · 5. 顺序法（sequence of time，space and process） · 顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。 6. 分类法（classification） 分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。 · Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously，and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books… 二、解题策略 · 1. 利用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图 · 科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式比较固定，梳理文本结构有助于把握文章主旨。学生在阅读时，可以首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。文章导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。 · 2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断 · 科普说明文往往专业术语较多、句式较复杂，且经常采用举例、对比、列数据、引用权威人士观点等方法进行说明。设题形式上，主要侧重考查深层理解和推理判断、猜测生词含义以及代词指代等。如果句子成分复杂、有生词，学生不要退缩，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，分析句子结构，厘清主句和分句或非谓语动词之间的关系，蹭蹭剖析，就能明晰句意，进行合理判断。 · 3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真 · 高考作为一个成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。正确选择一般为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。因此，仔细辨析选项，对比选项间的差异，甄别选项与原文的异同，会对同学们选出正确答案大有帮助。 三、说明文实用答题妙招 · 1. 阅读理解说明文深层理解解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 · 2. 推理判断题注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清来龙去脉再推断。 · 3主旨大意题要关注文章的结构，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及关键词。 · 4. 遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重视首尾段照应和首段概括引领作用。 · 5. 满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 · ( 新八省期中 名校 模拟试题 ) · 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文01】（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）Guilt, if left unchecked, can produce problems ranging from the physical to the mental. However, despite its reputation, guilt — once properly controlled and used — can be more positive than negative. “We’ve only recently come to understand that guilt can be constructive,” says Will Bynum, a professor at the Duke University. “We now have a new concept of guilt as a potential source for growth. It can point us toward actions we can take to improve our lives. ” Guilt is “a self-conscious emotion characterized by a painful judgment of having done or thought something that is wrong. ” It’s a feeling of could’ve, should’ve, would’ve that’s often termed a “self-aware” emotion. It’s an unpleasant emotion in our guts (直觉), a voice whispering warnings in our heads — it’s the reminder that we have a guilty feeling. In a 2021 study, researchers interviewed Canadian adults and then showed them videos related to their interview responses and designed to cause guilt. For example, a participant would see a sentence “You donate less than the average Canadian”, before they watched a video about starving children in need of donations. Researchers found that guilt affected the autonomic nervous system, raising electrical activity in the skin, upsetting gastric rhythms in the stomach and lowering swallowing rates. Guilt affects us for good or for ill depending on how we experience and manage it. The trick to replacing regret with relief is to learn how to distinguish between the healthy guilt that can help you and the unhealthy kind. Healthy guilt is realistic and justified, a self-correction that promotes personal development, whereas unhealthy guilt is twisted and worsens, eating into our self-respect and preventing us from growing as much as we should. “Thinking ahead about guilt works even better than later acknowledging it,” Baumeister says. “If you get a hint that you’re about to do wrong to someone and will feel guilty about it afterwards, just stop yourself. The sooner you see the guilt coming, the better prepared you’ll be to prevent it. ” 1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The definition of guilt. B. The impact of guilt. C. The cause of guilt. D. The feature of guilt. 2. Why are the participants shown the underlined sentence? A. To make them donate more money. B. To get them to feel guilty. C. To enhance their sense of responsibility. D. To help them understand the children. 3. What does the author want to highlight in paragraph 6? A. How to manage ill guilt. B. How promote personal development. C. How to play tricks on guilt. D. How to make guilt affect us for good. 4. Which of the following can best interpret Baumeister’s words? A. Experience teaches. B. Prevention is better than cure. C. Take things as they come. D. In time of peace prepare for war. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文02】（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）About one-third of adults globally suffer from loneliness, which can cause problems like depression and anxiety. A new generation of AI apps called AI companions is designed to simulate (模拟) natural conversations and keep people company. AI assistants like ChatGPT can do those things to some extent, but AI companions are designed to respond in a sympathetic, realistic way when you share your problems. Most of these programs are still at a relatively early stage, and are just building an audience. But do AI companions really work? Our studies show that the best of these apps really do work. We started by analyzing 50,000 app reviews of five popular AI companions, looking for how often the reviews mentioned loneliness, as well as their ratings for the apps. We then looked at reviews for ChatGPT to make a comparison. Our findings show that only 4% of ChatGPT reviews mentioned loneliness. But the companion apps turned in a much better showing, as high as 20%. The more mentions, the more people might use the apps to help with loneliness. They also received higher ratings. The implication is clear: AI companions can help people to reduce loneliness. We then divided about 1,100 online participants into two groups. One group interacted daily with an AI companion; the other didn’t. Those who used the AI companion reported 14% points less loneliness on average. They said they felt heard and the AI companion offered emotional responses during their talks. There is still the question of whether AI companions will be good for society. Some people fear, reasonably, that companions will turn people into shut-ins who avoid human contact. But any debate about the long-term impact of companions should account for their potential for reducing loneliness. Because we aren’t doing well as a society on loneliness, we should at least keep an open mind on any tool that helps at all. 1. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean? A. Attracting customers. B. Selecting assistants. C. Employing programmers. D. Seeking sponsors. 2. What do we know about the new AI companion apps? A. They may identify health problems. B. They function as well as AI assistants. C. They can provide emotional support. D. They have been completely accepted. 3. How did the researchers carry out the first part of the study? A. By doing online surveys. B. By conducting experiments. C. By interviewing participants. D. By analyzing data. 4. What does the author intend to convey in the last paragraph? A. Society should pay more attention to loneliness. B. People may withdraw after using AI companions. C. AI companions are worth trying though not perfect. D. A debate on the effect of AI companions is necessary. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文03】（24-25高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate (碳酸钠) can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative. In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids (氨基酸). That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months. In a test, glass beads made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice, and the breakdown of the beads and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study shows how the mice’s bodies broke down the beads. In that month, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wound site healed, and fur grew back. “Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss,” the researchers wrote in their paper. Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this, the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating- cooling procedure applied in glass manufacturing. This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher. “It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale commercialization,” emphasized Yan Xuehai, a professor involved in the study, in a press release. 1. What is an advantage of the new glass? A. It can be recycled at a low cost. B. It is produced without pollution. C. It takes less time to break down. D. It has a wide range of applications. 2. Why did researchers implant glass beads inside mice? A. To investigate why amino acids are medically useful. B. To assess whether the glass is biologically harmless. C. To explore how long it takes for the glass to degrade. D. To observe if the glass can be melted down in mice’s stomachs. 3. What makes amino acids not as long- lasting as traditional glass? A. The instability of amino acids. B. The difficulty of breaking down. C. The failure of the glass implantation. D. The challenge of improving the heating- cooling procedure. 4. What is the attitude of Yan Xuehai towards the new glass’s launch on the market? A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Indifferent. D. Uncertain. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文04】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）A new study published in the journal Science Advances finds that AI enhances creativity by boosting the novelty of story ideas as well as the “usefulness” of stories - their ability to engage the target audience and potential for publication. It finds that AI “professionalizes” stories, making them more enjoyable, more likely to have plot twists, better written and less boring. The researchers assigned the 300 study participants to three groups: one group was allowed no AI help, a second group could use ChatGPT to provide a single three-sentence starting idea, and writers in the third group could choose from up to five AI-generated ideas for their inspiration. They then organized 600 people to judge how good the stories were, assessing them for novelty - whether the stories did something new or unexpected - and “usefulness” - how appropriate they were for the target audience, and whether the ideas could be developed and potentially published. They found that writers with the most access to AI experienced the greatest gains to their creativity, their stories scoring 9% higher for novelty compared with stories written without AI. Writers who used up to five AI-generated ideas also scored higher for emotional characteristics, producing stories that were better written, more enjoyable, less boring and funnier. The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Association Task (DAT) and found that more creative writers - those with the highest DAT scores - benefited least from generative AI ideas. Conversely, less creative writers saw a greater increase in creativity. The researchers also calculated how similar the stories were to each other. They found a 10. 7% increase in similarity between writers whose stories used one generative AI-idea, compared with the group that didn’t use AI. Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other. ” 1. Which aspect of the AI-assisted stories were assessed in the study? A. Universality and availability. B. Originality and practicality. C. Creativity and specialization. D. Similarity and integrity. 2. What might the underlined word “Conversely” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Sure enough. B. In conclusion. C. On the contrary. D. As a result. 3. What is Anil Doshi’s attitude towards AI-inspired stories? A. Objective. B. Indifferent. C. Favorable. D. Ambiguous. 4. What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. AI Is Being Used to Create Novel Stories B. AI Is Becoming a Threat to Human Writers C. AI Can Help to Improve People’s Writing Skills D. AI Can Boost the Creativity of Stories but Pays a Price 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文05】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）It’s easy to think of sports as an escape from reality, removing the problems of our world. Researcher Madeleine Orr illustrates that wrong belief in her book Warming Up: How Climate Change Is Changing Sport. In her book, Orr leads readers to learn about all the ways climate change is affecting sports around the world, providing a convincing case for action from athletes, sports leagues and fans alike. Orr, a sports ecologist at the University of Toronto, draws on her academic knowledge to outline how climate change is affecting sports. While Orr supports her argument with data and interviews with experts, it’s the personal stories that are most powerful. There’s the heartbreaking story of a football player Jordan McNair, who died of heat stroke at practice. It’s refreshing to see Orr talk about how climate change is disproportionately impacting nations that are least responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions, a point that can get lost in Western reporting on the topic. High temperatures are threatening Kenyan runners. Rising seas are eroding (侵蚀) a famous rugby beach in Fiji. A 2022 flood destroyed Pakistan’s sports leagues — along with much of the country. But against the background of climate change’s upsetting reality, Orr keeps hope alive in the last six chapters. The sports world can adapt to climate change to ensure that sports survive. She spotlights the past and present activism of athletes who are fighting for sustainability. One uplifting example is Innes FitzGerald, who refused to fly from Britain to Australia for the 2023 World Athletics Championships out of concern for air travel’s carbon emissions. Orr’s writing is authoritative and conversational, and while she sometimes slips into academic terms, her language is largely accessible even to readers with no scientific background. The book is jam-packed with information and has something for sports fans alike. In the fight against climate change, Warming Up shows us that it’s time for the sports world to play ball. 1. What is mainly talked about in Orr’s book? A. The climate problems facing the world. B. The effect of climate change on sports. C. The sports world’s action to change the climate. D. The writer’s attitude toward the climate change. 2. What make Orr’s opinion more persuasive? A. Experts’ talks. B. Individual stories. C. Science reports. D. Collected figures. 3. Why were Kenyan runners mentioned? A. To point out the potential future of rugby. B. To prove the unfairness of Western reports. C. To show some innocent victims of climate change. D. To explain the link between greenhouse gases and climate. 4. What is the feature of Orr’s book? A. It is influential and touching. B. It is theoretical and professional. C. It is informative and easy to understand. D. It is reliable and full of academic terms. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文06】（24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）Wrapping paper — that thing that makes our holiday gifts look so festive — has a landfill problem. If it’s shiny, metallic, or glitter-encrusted (闪闪发光的), it’s not recyclable. And even recycled paper isn’t guaranteed to actually get recycled. But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. Eventually, it evolved into a wrapping art form. People don’t just wrap presents with the cloth, but an endless number of small items like boxes, fruit, and books. When it was used to wrap gifts, Tsukada Simonian says traditionally, the furoshiki cloth would be returned to the gift giver to be used again and again. The tradition went out of fashion as paper and plastic substitutes took off in the post World War II period. It’s something “you would see at grandma’s house”, says Tomoko Dyen, who teaches furoshiki wrapping technique in Los Angeles. But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dye n says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. Furoshiki doesn’t necessarily require specific furoshiki cloth, says Vander Steur. She stocks the museum store with imported Japanese furoshiki cloth including patterns with flowers, cats, and otters, but she says any piece of fabric, even old clothes, can work. Some of the learners showed up specifically hoping to learn furoshiki for holiday wrapping. But some say they walked away hoping to use it for much more. Kristan Delatori attended with the plan to wrap her holiday gifts this way — but now she says she’ll bring furoshiki with her when she runs quick errands (差事). “Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited. ” 1. What can we learn about furoshiki from the first two paragraphs? A. It was initially used to carry items when people took baths. B. It would be sent as a part of the gift to the receivers for use. C. It looks more festive than wrapping paper and metallic wrappers. D. It refers to the square cloth itself that is only used to wrap presents. 2. What contributes to the revival of furoshiki in recent years? A. The effort of the last generation. B. The attention from more visitors. C. The unique charm of furoshiki itself. D. The support of the local government. 3. Which word best describes Kristan Delatori’s attitude to furoshiki? A. Conservative. B. Unclear. C. Skeptical. D. Favorable. 4. What is the best title of the text? A. Japan: A Nation with Various Traditional Art Forms B. Furoshiki: The Very Thing Bearing the Lost Memory C. Furoshiki: An Eco-Friendlier Choice for Holiday Wrapping D. Wrapping Paper: A Recyclable Material Gaining Popularity 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文07】（24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）That artificial food dyes are unhealthy is not news. Some of the most common additives used to give color to everything are known to affect some children’s ability to learn. But regulatory agencies around the world don’t necessarily agree. That may soon change, thanks in part to increasing consumer pressure. In addition, a report prepared by the state of California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) concluded that synthetic food dyes “cause or exacerbate neurobehavioral problems in some children”. In response to the report, California is now considering requiring warning labels on food products containing the seven most commonly used synthetic dyes. Among them are Red 40, Yellow 5 and Yellow 6, which account for more than 90% of food dye. Restaurants in California would also have to identify menu items containing the additives. “The science is clear,” says Lisa Lefferts, an environmental health consultant. “These synthetic dyes harm children and are completely unnecessary. ” What makes the OEHHA report a game change r is that a regulatory agency is on the same page as scientists and advocacy groups. “That’s largely because of the quality of the report,” says Lefferts, one of 10 original signatories to the petition. Synthetic dyes are used in foods for one reason: to make products look prettier. Someone likens the practice to “putting cosmetics on food”. Bright colors and fun shapes make candies and cereals appealing, especially to kids. As more research has emerged, consumer pressure has led companies to reenact products. In 2016, the company began using things like turmeric instead of Yellow 5 and Yellow 6. Around the same time, Chipotle, NestléUSA and a number of other restaurants and manufacturers announced plans to cut back on or stop using synthetic dyes. 1. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. The use of artificial food dyes is increasing. B. All the regulatory agencies are against the food dyes. C. The agencies don’t know why food dyes are a problem. D. Consumers have given pressure to decrease the use of artificial food dyes. 2. Why does OEHHA have power to change the use of artificial food dyes? A. OEHHA prepared an excellent report to state the use of food dyes. B. The government in California support OEHHA to change this situation. C. OEHHA is an organization which can determine the ingredients in food. D. The excellent report put scientists and advocacy groups keep in line with OEHHA. 3. Which word can replace the underlined word “reenact”? A. Restructure. B. Define. C. Research. D. Design. 4. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Some scientists don’t agree on using food dyes. B. The use of artificial food dyes may soon change. C. OEHHA prepared a report to avoid using food dyes. D. OEHHA has made clear the reason why food dyes are used in food. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文08】（24-25高三上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期中）People all over the world watch the Olympic Games on TV, cheer on their nations’ athletes, and get into the spirit of friendly international competition. Yet how many people know how these games came about and why they were created? Who came up with the idea of an Olympic torch (火炬)? Looking back in time can answer those questions. The first Olympic Games in recorded history took place in 776 BC on the ancient plains of Olympia in southern Greece. These ancient games took place in a religious festival and were devoted to the Olympian gods. They continued for almost twelve centuries until Emperor Theodosius banned them in AD 393. It was about 1,500 years after the last Olympics that the ancient games were revived (复兴). Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a Frenchman devoted to the promotion of physical education, was inspired to create a modern Olympic Games after he visited the ancient Olympic site. The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in 1896, and were attended by 280 athletes from 12 countries, who competed in 43 events. In 2004, the Olympic Games returned to Greece with nearly 11,000 athletes representing 201 countries. The first opening ceremony (仪式) was at the London Olympics in 1908. The Olympic torch was lit for the first time at the opening ceremony of the 1936 Games in Germany. The ancient Greeks had a ritual fire for their games, but the idea of lighting a torch in Olympia and relaying it to the site of the games actually belongs to Carl Diem, who was the chief organizer of the Berlin Games. The games were cancelled three times due to global conflicts. They were not held in 1916 during World War I and in 1940 and 1944 during World War II. The games have continued uninterrupted since 1948. A minor change did take place in 1994 when the timing of the Summer and Winter Olympic Games was changed so that they would not be held in the same year. 1. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To lead in the topic. B. To make a comparison. C. To provide an example. D. To present an argument. 2. Where can you find the data that best support “the Olympic Games have grown in size”? A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 4. C. In paragraph 5. D. In paragraph 6. 3. What mainly caused the interruption of the modern Olympic Games? A. The two world wars. B. Carl Diem’s disapproval. C. The loss of the Olympic torch. D. The ban from Theodosius. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The rules of the Olympic Games. B. The importance of doing sports. C. The political events of Greece. D. The brief history of the Olympics. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文09】（24-25高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）In 1949, a long- lost- letter from Albert Einstein to engineer Glyn Davys revealed the famed physicist’s thinking about the possibility of animals having super senses. Over 70 years later, his assumptions proved astonishingly accurate. While Davys’s original inquiry has been lost, Einstein’s response suggested the engineer’s curiosity about animal perception (感知) and its implications for understanding the physical world. Einstein wrote, “It is thinkable that the investigation of the behavior of migratory birds and carrier pigeons (信鸽) may some day lead to the understanding of some physical process which is not yet known. ” Today, we know that birds can sense Earth’s magnetıc field (磁场) using special light- sensitive cells in their eyes, allowing them to navigate vast distances without getting lost. Other animals, such as turtles, dogs and bees, also exhibit remarkable abilities to detect our planet’s magnetic field. At the time of the correspondence, biological and physical sciences were beginning to intersect in new ways. Bat echolocation (回声定位) had been discovered, and radar technology was emerging. Davys, as a researcher in these fields, was attracted by unusual animal senses, such as those exhibited by bees. Einstein was also fascinated by the potential of biological science to reveal hidden physical forces. In his letter, Einstein acknowledged his familiarity with Karl von Frisch, who had discovered that bees navigate using the polarization patterns of light. He had even attended one of Karl von Frisch’s lectures at Princeton University and met the researcher personally. While Davys seemed primarily interested in how new biological insights could inform future technology, Einstein advocated more biological study. He believed that such research could just affect the foundation of physics if it revealed a new type of sensory perception or stimuli through animal behavior. Since then, our understanding of bee behavior and animal perception has advanced significantly, and this knowledge has already helped improve technology, for example, smartphone cameras. However, mysteries remain regarding the precise mechanisms by which animals perceive light or sense Earth’s magnetic field, as it may vary across species. 1. What does Einstein’s letter indicate? A. Animal perception is irrelevant to physics. B. Carrier pigeons are lacking in super senses. C. Engineers should overlook animal behavior. D. Birds may help discover the new physical process. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 4? A. Davys found bees’ navigation mode. B. Einstein valued the research across subjects. C. Echolocation was discovered later than radar technology. D. Karl von Frisch’s work was challenged at Princeton University. 3. What was Einstein, more focused on according to paragraph 5? A. The reason for animals’ super senses. B. The difference between biology and physics. C. The impact of biological research on physics. D. The application of biology in future technology. 4. What does the last paragraph convey? A. Bee behavior remains a mystery. B. More research is needed on animal perception. C. Our knowledge about animals is comprehensive. D. The magnetic field helps animals to locate precisely. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文10】（24-25高三上·云南·阶段练习）News this week of a 17% hike in the UK’s audiobook sales might seem like a niche （小众的）business story, but it raises an existential question. What exactly is an audiobook today? Is it a book? Is it a play? Or is it becoming something else entirely? What is clear is that a competition for market dominance is driving it into new dimensions. The streaming platform Spotify followed its move into podcasting two years ago with the launch of an audiobook business and made a deal for 200,000 users. Not to be outdone, Amazon-owned Audible—accustomed to being the market leader—upped its game, hiring the Oscar-winning director Sam Mendes to record multi-voice versions of the Dickens novels Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, and announcing last month that it would do a recording of JK Rowling’s Harry Potter series. Dramatised audiobooks are not an entirely new phenomenon. Two Booker prize-winning novels, Marlon James’s A Brief History of Seven Killings and George Saunders’s Lincoln in the Bardo, were given the treatment. Both were demanding reads—formal experiments in style and storytelling. The use of multiple narrators made them accessible to readers who might not have had the patience for the written versions. Even single-voiced readings can significantly change literature. To say that audio versions are different does not mean they are inferior to printed texts. For people with dyslexia （阅读障碍症） or ADHD, they can be a lifeline. The good news for those who secretly find audiobooks more accessible, but are embarrassed to admit it, is that brain scans have revealed that they stimulate the same cognitive and emotional parts of the brain, setting the pulse racing far more than watching them. So while we celebrate what audiobooks have in common with their print versions—both enable the brain to create its own pictures in an ever-changing world, we should also appreciate that they are translations into a different medium, even when read by the authors themselves. 1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A. The confusing definition of audiobooks. B. Spotify’s success as an audiobook producer. C. The dying situation of the audiobook industry. D. The rising market competitions facing audiobooks. 2. What does the underlined part “upped its game” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Become more competitive. B. Initiate a new game. C. Throw a party. D. Withdraw from competitions. 3. What characterizes dramatised audiobooks? A. They feature famous actors and narrators. B. They appeal to patient but demanding readers. C. They transform tough readings into users-friendly versions. D. They are the newly-invented styles of reading experiments. 4. What can be learnt from the last two paragraphs? A. Audiobooks are for people with reading difficulties. B. Printed texts can better stimulate and excite our brain. C. Printed texts and audiobooks are valuable and can co-exist. D. Audiobooks have more health benefits than those of printed texts. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文11】（24-25高三上·云南·阶段练习）As part of a post-fire response and recovery project, the Debris Flow Hazard Team (泥石流危害小组) is engaging in several studies to better understand the drivers of post-fire debris flows and improve post-fire hazard assessments across the Pacific Northwest. Wildfires make debris flows easy to happen, a fast-moving mixture of water, soil, and rock that can cause property damage and loss of life. After a wildfire, emergency managers need rapid answers to the questions: Where are debris flows likely? How much rain will it take to cause a debris flow? And how big will that debris flow be? Researchers are conducting applied research and emergency hazard assessments to answer these questions. Evaluated burn areas they’ve assessed included the nearly 2021 Dixie fire, the 2020 Labor Day wildfires, and many of the 2021 wildfires in Washington. The models used for hazard assessment have been developed and tested in drier places. But the models have not been tested widely in wetter places. Are the models accurate for wetter regions? Researchers have begun monitoring post-fire debris-flow activity in wetter places to answer the question. Post-fire monitoring involves measuring the rainfall within the burned areas and recording the flow response after rainstorms. The observed flow response is compared to the predicted possibility. If the model predicted a high possibility of debris flow and there was a debris flow, the model got it right. Recent data bespeaks both similarities and differences in debris-flow processes between the areas with higher humidity (湿度) and drier areas. For example, in the 2021 Dixie fire, major debris flows were caused by short bursts of intense rainfall like they are in drier places. In contrast, debris flows in the 2017 Eagle Creek Fire were caused by long time rainfall. Continued observation and testing is expected to lead to an improved set of hazard assessment models. Other frequently asked questions after wildfires are: How far will debris flows travel? What will be impacted? And how long will the burned areas remain hazardous? These questions are presently not addressed in current debris-flow hazard assessments, but the researchers are doing research to provide answers soon. 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Contents included in a project. B. Hazards caused by debris flows. C. Causes of post-fire debris flows. D. Reasons for conducting the studies. 2. What places are current studies focusing on? A. Places seldom noticed. B. Places with debris flow records. C. Places with higher humidity. D. Places once affected by wildfires. 3. What does the underlined word “bespeaks” mean in paragraph 4? A. Replaces. B. Reveals. C. Recognizes. D. Recommends. 4. What may be included in the next studies according to the text? A. Methods to prevent debris flows. B. Possible effects of debris flows. C. The lasting time of the debris flows. D. Other risks in the burned areas. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文12】（24-25高三上·云南昆明·期中）Artificial intelligence and human relationships are often described as dangerous and widespread with moral implications. The concept of using a robot instead of a human as a companion is controversial (有争议的). Many would view it as a depressing symptom of isolated (孤立的) modern day living, and a breakdown of our communities. Some scientists, however, suggest that there may be more slight differences to this issue, claiming that it is no different from having a pet or children who own inanimate dolls. People on the edge of social isolation could use AI technology to help develop their social skills, building their confidence for real-world human interactions. The technology could also be used to prevent major depressive disorders and help stabilize patients going through a mental health crisis. In today’s society, loneliness is a serious illness. It discourages individuals from attempting to interact with others, further diminishing the chances of recovery and social engagement. AI could intervene in this downward spiral (恶性循环), providing companionship to help build feelings of self-worth and foster positive emotional states. Although the chatbots (聊天机器人) in their current primitive state have a limit to address loneliness, technology is rapidly improving, and soon it will be able to detect distinctions, learn personalities, and understand humor on a level never seen before. It is vital that when this happens, adequate safeguards are in place if chatbots are indeed to be used in a constructive manner to help the isolated. AI chatbots must have built-in protection. Users are likely to develop close bonds with such AI companions, making it extremely important that user privacy is protected and secure from outside malicious exploitation. Human beings are sociable creatures and need other people in their lives to function naturally. Without companionship, physical and mental health suffer dramatically. Using AI to help facilitate a return to sociability and to numb the pain of isolation is a novel concept that does hold some promise. However, fully replacing a human relationship with AI remains risky, and applying this concept safely must be done with caution. 1. Which of the following views is controversial on the use of AI? A. It can cause a breakdown of our communities. B. It is considered a sign of depressing symptom. C. It is regarded as a replacement for companion. D. It can help people deal with social relationships. 2. What does the underlined word “diminishing” mean in paragraph 3? A. Rising. B. Providing. C. Decreasing. D. Balancing. 3. Why does the author mention chatbots in paragraph 4? A. To introduce the function of chatbots. B. To support his opinion on AI use. C. To emphasize the benefits of AI. D. To popularize the application of AI. 4. What is the author’s suggestion on AI as companionship? A. Resist AI as a companion firmly. B. Take the place of medicine completely. C. Develop close relationship with AI trustingly. D. Establish a companionship with AI cautiously. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文13】（24-25高三上·云南昆明·期中）White noise has long been a proper solution for drowning out background sounds and finding peace and quiet. However, recently, its colorful competitors — pink noise and brown noise — have been gaining attention. There’s a growing discussion around pink noise, brown noise, green noise — a rainbow of comforting sounds — and their potential effects on sleep, concentration, and relaxation. White noise is a consistent sound that contains all frequencies in the spectrum (频谱) of audible sound, each at equal intensity. It’s often described as a “hissing” sound, similar to static (静电噪音) on a television or radio. White noise is popular for making it easier for people to concentrate or sleep. Pink noise has equal intensity per octave (八度音阶), meaning its energy is more concentrated at lower frequencies. This results in a softer and more comforting sound than white noise. Think of the gentle rustling (沙沙声) of leaves or the steady rain on a rooftop. Studies suggest pink noise can improve sleep quality by enhancing deeper and longer sleep. Brown noise, also known as red noise, has even more energy at lower frequencies, producing a deeper and more rumbling sound. Some people find brown noise particularly effective for relaxation and reducing anxiety, as its deeper tones can have a calming effect. Selecting the right type of noise depends on your personal preference and the specific benefits you’re seeking. Pink noise may help you fall asleep faster and enjoy more restorative sleep. White noise is still a good choice for those needing to concentrate in a noisy environment. You can choose brown noise if seeking relaxation or stress relief. Besides these noises, there are other colorful noises to explore. Blue noise, violet noise, and gray noise have unique sound profiles and potential benefits. As research continues, the world of sound therapy is sure to expand further. As more people discover the benefits of these colorful competitors, the landscape of noise therapy is becoming more vibrant than ever. 1. What can we learn about pink noise? A. It has deeper and lower sound than others. B. It enhances sleep of high quality. C. It results in higher level of concentration. D. It helps make people less anxious. 2. How do people choose the suitable noise? A. It relies on others’ preference. B. It counts on the environment you’ re in. C. It’s up to your need. D. It’s based on your pressure. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of noise therapy? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Critical. 4. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. The growing attention to noises of different colors. B. The various functions of soft sounds. C. The new methods of focusing in noisy environment. D. The creative treatment for sleep problems. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文14】（24-25高三上·云南保山·阶段练习）A new study has revealed that the chemicals in air pollution may rob some flowers of their scent (香味) and make them more difficult for pollinators (传粉者) to find. The researchers discovered that nitrate radicals (NO3) and ozone (NO3), common by-products of car waste gas and burning fossil fuels, are main pollutants that weaken the wildflowers’ scent. Ecologist Jeremy Chan and his colleagues put bags over pale evening primrose flowers to trap the flowers’ scent. They took the scent back to the lab, along with some hawkmoths. Hawkmoths are one of the pollinators drawn to the primrose’s scent. Then they released the primrose’s scent and hawkmoths into the air flowing into a wind tunnel. At once, they watched the moths easily flying upwind and tracking the scent. But it was a different story when pollutants, like ozone and nitrate radicals, were added to the mix. Now, the moths flew in a wavy line. They seemed to be seeking the scent — often without success. The team then tested its findings in nature. One cold night, they set up a field of artificial and real flowers. They found moths had up to a 70% decline in accuracy of finding the flower sources when nitrate radicals were introduced. The same reactions could hurt flower scent by day. But because sunlight can break down much of the ozone, the problem is likely less serious for day pollinators. In January, scientists published a separate study on the potential impacts of air pollution on insect pollination. That study similarly noted how air pollutants can impact flower scent as well as visual clues, such as plant petal (花瓣) size and potential color. The growing research on how air pollutants affect pollinators and plants highlights the dangers of air pollution to insect pollinators. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, 40% of global insect pollinators are endangered. If pollution remains serious, it will further threaten the pollinators and the plants’ reproduction. 1. What makes it harder for pollinators to locate flowering plants? A. The short flowering season. B. The terrible smell in the air. C. The breakdown of the flower scent. D. The unappealing appearance of flowers. 2. How did researchers carry out the study? A. By analyzing typical cases. B. By referring to another study. C. By collecting previous records. D. By combining lab and field tests. 3. What can be inferred about night pollinators from paragraph 3? A. They fly longer than day pollinators. B. They are sensitive to polluted flowers. C. They certainly search fruitlessly for scent clues. D. They face a greater threat than day pollinators. 4. What is the author’s real purpose in mentioning the study in January? A. To compare it with the new study. B. To evaluate the role pollinators play. C. To stress the urgency of reducing pollution. D. To erase doubts about the findings of the new study. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文15】（24-25高三上·云南保山·阶段练习）Now, everyone has a camera in their back pocket — in the form of a smartphone. It’s easy to take hundreds of photos without needing to really consider storage. And it’s very hard to imagine that, at one time, capturing (拍摄) an image was an almost impossible process. Going back even before traditional film cameras, there were camera obscuras (暗箱). These were boxes with a small hole in them. Through one side, an image could be projected onto a wall on the opposite side of the box. However, the picture was upside down, very faint, and couldn’t be captured in physical form — a bit like the images we see on modern projectors. In 1839, a French artist called Daguerre managed to work out a way to store and save photographs.   He projected the images onto a shiny metal plate treated with chemicals. These images, clearer than ever, were in black and white. The first color photo ever taken was of a tartan ribbon. The image was composed of three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, blue or green filter (滤镜). So, how did we get from these early photographs to the kind we put into a frame and keep? Before the digital revolution, an image was captured on a negative, and this method is still chosen by some photographers today. A negative is an upside-down image on a small piece of glass or plastic film which can then be exposed to light and processed onto photographic paper. When this was the main source of obtaining physical copies of photographs, it was a lengthy process with customers having to take the negatives to a shop and wait for their pictures to be developed. That was until digital photography came along in the 1970s. Digital cameras, whose memory cards can hold thousands of images, captured images that could be saved as files and processed on a computer. Those are the kind of photos we take today on our phones. 1. What does the underlined word “faint” mean in paragraph 2? A. Vivid. B. Bright. C. Invisible. D. Indistinct. 2. What is Daguerre’s main contribution to photography? A. Fixing images permanently. B. Developing the film quickly. C. Producing the first color photos. D. Making potential images take shape. 3. What advantage do digital cameras have over traditional ones? A. They are much cheaper to buy. B. They have huger photo storage space. C. They are more suitable for landscapes. D. They produce higher-resolution photos. 4. What’s the best title for the text? A. The Origin of Cameras B. The Development of Photography C. The Trend of Future Photographs D. The History of Photographic Paper 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文16】（24-25高三上·云南德宏·阶段练习）A pilot program in North County is teaching students about nutrition and where their food comes from. The five-week Farm to School program is a partnership between Escondido Union School District and the Farm to Institution Center. It encourages elementary school children to try vegetables they may not have tried before. “I think that understanding just the roots of where our food comes from and how it gets to our table is meaningful,” said Jeremy Lyche, principal of Bernardo Elementary School. “You saw the kids’ excitement today. They love it. ” The students in Paul Erickson’s class have been in the program for over a month. “We’ve been doing multiple lessons where we’re learning about and teaching about local farms in our community, as well as some healthier choices like produce, just getting students engaged in farming,” Erickson said. Once a week for the past five weeks, Alexis Anderson from the Farm to Institution Center has been coming by to teach these kids more about farming and what it takes to get fresh produce to their tables. Wednesday was the students’ last session in the program. She said the main takeaway for the kids is learning where their food comes from. “And eating locally and supporting local because it not only benefits their community economically, but also benefits their health and just education overall of knowing what’s available,” Anderson said. After Wednesday’s lesson, the students went to the school garden for a game of bingo to identify the things they’ve learned. One of the goals of the school garden is for the students to try new things. For Escondido Union School District, the ultimate goal for the school garden is for the produce to end up in the cafeteria for the children to eat. But there are some health regulations the district still needs to overcome before that can happen. 1. What is the purpose of the Farm to School program? A. To provide funding for school gardens. B. To promote local farms and their products. C. To motivate children to plant vegetables. D. To get students to know the source of food. 2. What does the underlined word “takeaway” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A. Gain. B. Focus. C. Adventure. D. Issue. 3. Which is the benefit of eating locally according to Anderson? A. It reduces the food waste. B. It supports the local economy. C. It improves farming skills. D. It lowers food production cost. 4. What should the school district do to achieve their goal? A. Increase the variety of vegetables grown. B. Expand the garden to produce more food. C. Ensure the produce meets health regulations. D. Train more teachers to take part in the program. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文17】（24-25高三上·云南德宏·阶段练习）From the earliest age, children are taught that the word “please” holds special power in communication. It’s presented as a key to unlocking favors and transforming demands into polite requests. However, recent research challenges this conventional wisdom, suggesting that “please” might not always carry the weight of universal politeness, but rather serves as a strategic tool to navigate (操纵) social dynamics. A study published in Social Psychology Quarterly by a team of sociologists from UCLA explores the slight differences of how people make requests. Contrary to common assumptions, the study reveals that “please” is used far less frequently than expected. Its usage is particularly pronounced in situations where a negative response is anticipated. Whether it’s passing butter at the dinner table or asking for a ride to the airport, individuals tend to employ “please” when they perceive unwillingness or busyness on the part of the other person. Rather than being a blanket expression of politeness, it functions more as a strategy to overcome resistance or obstacles in interpersonal interactions. The findings suggest a need to move away from rigid, one-size-fits-all rules of etiquette (礼节) and towards a more different understanding of situation al dynamics. Lead researcher Andrew Chalfoun suggests understanding each situation rather than following strict rules of politeness. Chalfoun warns that using “please” too much can seem pushy or insincere in some situations. The study analyzed over a thousand requests and found “please” was only used in 7% of cases, mainly when people expected resistance or when the person asked was busy. Moreover, the study reveals that children employ “please” in much the same way as adults often using it strategically when met with previous refusals. This highlights the role of learned social norms in shaping linguistic behavior from a young age. The researchers hope that their insights into the practical use of politeness will inform future studies on social behavior. By uncovering the small differences of everyday interactions, they aim to develop more accurate models of human communication and behavior. 1. In which situation is it most likely to use “please” according to the research? A. Telling visitors to follow the safety guidelines. B. Telling a student to submit his report on time. C. Borrowing a book from your best friend. D. Asking for assistance from a busy colleague. 2. What is a negative effect of overusing “please”? A. It can come across as forced or dishonest. B. It can make requests seem less important. C. It can be perceived as overly casual. D. It can lead to misunderstandings. 3. What do the researchers hope to achieve with their findings? A. To remove the use of “please” in communication. B. To enhance the understanding of human behavior. C. To prove that politeness is unnecessary in some cases. D. To demonstrate that children are more polite than adults. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A. The universal importance of saying “please”. B. The decline of politeness in modern society. C. The strategic use of “please” in social interactions. D. The history of polite expressions in different cultures. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文18】（24-25高三上·四川·期中）A study conducted by Cornell University examined how the use of AI in conversations impacts the way people express themselves and view each other. The researchers have found people have more efficient conversations, use more positive language and perceive each other more positively when using an AI-enabled chat tool. However, the group also found that when participants think their partner is using more AI-suggested responses, they consider that partner as less cooperative. “I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively simply because they suspect you’re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,” said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher. “This illustrates the continuous overall doubt that people seem to have around AI. ” For their first experiment, participants were asked to talk about a policy issue and assigned to one of three conditions: both participants can use smart replies; only one participant can use smart replies; or neither participant can use smart replies. Researchers found that using smart replies increased communication efficiency, positive emotional language and positive evaluations by communication partners. On average, smart replies accounted for 14. 3% of sent messages. But participants whose partners suspected of responding with smart replies were evaluated more negatively than those who were thought to have typed their own responses, consistent with common assumptions about the negative implications of AI. “While AI might be able to help you write,” Hohenstein said, “it’s altering your language in ways you might not expect, especially by making you sound more positive. This suggests that by using text-generating AI, you’re giving up some of your own personal voice. ” Malte Jung, an associate professor, said, “What we observe in this study is the impact that AI has on social dynamics and some of the unintended consequences that could result from integrating AI in social contexts. This suggests that whoever controls the algorithm (算法) may have influence on people’s interactions, language and insights into each other. ” 1. How do the researchers draw their conclusion? A. By analyzing figures. B. By making use of AI. C. By conducting experiments. D. By completing questionnaires. 3. Which statement does Hohenstein agree with? A. AI always expresses in ways you expect. B. Algorithm will never influence people’s insights. C. Trust can be affected by using AI in conversation. D. You will regain your voice by using AI in conversation. 4. How will a person feel about suspecting his partner’s using smart replies? A. Nervous. B. Uncomfortable. C. Excited. D. Puzzled. 5. What is the text mainly about? A. Methods of using AI in conversations. B. Efficiency of using AI in conversations. C. Convenience of using AI in conversations. D. Impacts of using AI in conversations. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文19】（24-25高三上·四川雅安·阶段练习）Scientists have for the first time discovered a cave on the Moon. It could be an ideal place for humans to build a permanent base, they say. It is just one in probably hundreds of caves hidden in an “underground, undiscovered world”, according to the researchers. Countries are racing to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, but they will need to protect astronauts from radiation, extreme temperatures, and space weather. And the newly discovered cave looked like a good place for a base which will provide a good protection for astronauts, and humans could potentially be living there in 20-30 years. The cave has yet to be fully explored, but the researchers hope that radars, cameras or even robots could be used to map it. “We have very good images of the surface—we can see the Apollo landing sites—but we know little about what lies below the surface. There are huge opportunities for discovery. ” said Francesco Sauro, Coordinator of the Topical Team Planetary Caves of the European Space Agency. The Moon cave might be useful to humans, but the scientists also stress that it could help answer fundamental questions about the history of the Moon, and even our solar system. The rocks inside the cave will not be as damaged by space weather, so they can provide an extensive geological record going back billions of years. 1. What is the main significance of the discovering the Moon cave? A. It offers a potential living place for humans. B. It proves the existence of life on the moon. C. It challenges the study of space weather. D. It provides a new tourist destination. 2. What makes the Moon cave a potential site for a human base? A. Its temperature. B. Its length. C. Its protection. D. Its width. 3. What can be inferred about the exploration of the Moon cave? A. It is affected by lack of funding. B. It holds great potential for scientific discovery. C. It has been completed using advanced technology. D. It is focused on finding evidence of life on the moon. 4. What is the scientists’ attitude towards the Moon cave? A. Carefully optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Absolutely certain. D. Uninterested. 【八省期中汇编·阅读·说明文20】（24-25高三上·四川雅安·阶段练习）Body Mass Index, or BMI, is a medical tool to compare your height to your weight. Doctors have used it for a long time to see if people have a healthy weight. But some people don’t like it because it can say they are too heavy or really heavy when they don’t feel that way. A strong lady who plays rugby in the Olympics, Ilona Maher, has a BMI of 30, which some people might say is almost too heavy. But she said that she’s going to the Olympics and they are not. Some researchers say that the way we calculate BMI is old and not fair mainly because it was made a long time ago using mostly white men’s data. It wasn’t meant to be used to check everyone’s health. Even doctors say BMI isn’t perfect. It doesn’t look at how different people’s bodies can be, like if they have more muscles or fat in certain places. Now, there’s a new way to measure body shape called the Body Roundness Index, or BRI. It looks at how round you are by using your height and waist size, not your weight. This might be a better way to see if you have too much fat around your middle, which can lead to health problems like diabetes and heart disease. Unlike fat on your thighs (大腿), this fat is more risky. Dr. Niu says that when we use BMI, it might say that strong athletes are at more risk than they really are, but it might not show that older people with less muscle and more fat are at risk. Doctors agree that BMI is not very detailed and doesn’t show how different our bodies can be in shape, what we’re made of, how much muscle we have, and how dense (密度大的) our bones are. 1. What is BMI used to do? A. Compare roundness. B. Compare weight. C. Compare height to waist size. D. Compare height to weight. 2. What is a main disadvantage of BMI according to paragraph 3? A. It is too complex for practical use. B. It fails to consider height and weight. C. It is not suitable for all people due to its data. D. It stresses the importance of waist size too much. 3. What can be inferred about BRI from the passage? A. It is also not very detailed. B. It will completely replace BMI. C. It is mainly designed for athletes. D. It offers a better way to see health risks. 4. Which of the following titles best suits the passage? A. How to keep healthy? B. Time to say goodbye to BMI? C. The Outdated Medical Tools D. A Battle between BMI and BRI 试卷第2页，共28页 1 / 28 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$