2024-2025学年初高中英语初高衔接课程 名词专题课件

语法-词法-名词 名词 CATALOGUE 目录 名词分类 名词单复数 所有格 句中成分 主谓一致 01 名词分类 名 词 专有名词 普通名词 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 eg. city 集体名词 eg. government 抽象名词 eg. health 物质名词 eg. fire 指个人、团体、地方等场所专有的名称 eg.China 02 名词单复数 girl-girls glass-glasses city-cities hero-heroes knife-knives c c cc 情况 加法 例子 一般情况 加-s girl—girls s，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es glass—glasses 辅音字母+y 结尾 改y为i再加-es city—cities o 结尾 有生命加-es 无生命加 - s hero—heroes zoo—zoos f，fe 结尾 变f/fe为v再加es knife—knives 1.一般情况下在名词后直接加 s eg. girl—girls; book—books；desk—desks John has three _____. He loves playing with them every day. dog B. dogs C. doges D. dog’s 名词单数变复数-规则变化 名词单数变复数-规则变化 2.以 s，x，ch，sh结尾的词多数在名词后面-es eg. glass—glasses； box—boxes； match—matches；bush—bushes stomachs例外 Is five enough? Do we still need more? A. box B. boxes C. box’s D. boxs 名词单数变复数-规则变化 3.以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的词，变 y 为 i，再加-es eg. city—cities；country—countries；baby—babies boy—boys；day—days（元音字母+y结尾） There are many in the world, and China is just one of them. countries B. country C. county D. counties 名词单数变复数-规则变化 4.以 o 结尾的词，有生命的加-es，无生命的加 s eg. hero—heroes；tomato—tomatoes；potato—totatoes photo—photos；zoo—zoos Looking at these , many of that era fed on . photo; heroes; potatoes photos; heroes; potatoes photos; heros; potatos photos; hero; potatos 名词单数变复数-规则变化 5.以 f，fe结尾的词，变f，fe为 v 再加-es eg. life—lives；knife—knives； 妻子(wife-wives)持刀(knife-knives)去砍狼(wolf-wolves)， 小偷(thief-thieves)吓得发了慌， 躲在架(shelf-shelves)下保己(self-selves)命(life-lives)， 半片树叶(leaf-leaves)遮面包(loaf-loaves)。 We need to buy several new _______ for the picnic. A. knifes B. knife’s C. knives D. knife c c cc 常见形式 例子 an变en/+en woman-women; child-children; ox-oxen oo - ee foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese ouse - ice mouse-mice; louse-lice sis - ses analysis-analyses; basis-bases; crisis-crises penny - pence penny-pence 1. 变 an 为 en / 加en（4个en） eg. man—men； woman—women； ox—oxen（牛）； child—children Our school has 21 , all of whom have . man teacher; child men teacher; children man teachers; children men teachers; children 名词单数变复数-不规则变化 名词单数变复数-不规则变化 2. 变 oo为 ee（3个ee） eg. goose—geese；tooth—teeth；foot—feet Why are human not as sharp as dog ? tooth; tooth tooth; teeth teeth; teeth teeth; tooth 名词单数变复数-不规则变化 3. 变 ouse 为 ice (2个ice) eg. mouse—mice；louse—lice（虱子） Is it true that are the smartest animals in the world and can understand human speech? mouse mouses mice mouce 名词单数变复数-不规则变化 单复同形 fish, deer, sheep, works（工厂）,means（手段), Swiss, Chinese, Japanese Many like to eat . Swisses; fish Swisses; fish Swiss; fishes Swiss; fish 名词单数变复数-不规则变化 国人变化 单复同形：Swiss, Chinese, Japanese an变en：Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen 加-s：German—Germans c c cc 物质名词：water；milk；air；salt 抽象名词：happiness；sadness；anger；knowledge 集体名词： family；team；audience 新闻报刊类名词：news；paper；magazine 资金、货币类名词：money；gold；silver 其他名词：advice；‌information；‌furniture 不可数名词 20 some money, some bread the furniture, the information a piece of meat two loaves of bread three articles of furniture room time business 不可数名词数量表示 1. 用some, much, little, a little, a lot of, a bit of等数量词表示 一些牛奶 some milk 很多钱 a lot of money 2. 用“量词 + of + 不可数名词”表示 一块肉 a piece of meat 两条长面包 two loaves of bread 三件家具 three articles of furniture 不可数名词数量表示 There are nine rooms in the house. There isn’t enough room for us three in the car. Mr. Price has gone to London on business. He runs a small business. 可单可复意义不同 常考的可单可复名词 不可数（单数） 复数 room 空间 房间 time 时间 次数，时代 water 水 海域 good 善行，利益 商品 glass 玻璃 眼镜 iron 铁 镣铐 manner 礼仪 方式 work 工作 作品 paper 纸 文件 people 人们 民族 exercise 锻炼 练习 custom 习俗 海关 03 名词所有格 c c cc 名词所有格 ’s所有格 Jim’s parents of所有格 a map of China of + ’s 双重所有 a friend of my father’s 1.表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加’s Jean’s room Jean的房间 my daughter-in-law’s friends 我儿媳的朋友 children’s books 儿童读物 China’s capital 中国的首都 所有格 ’s / of / of + ’s 双重所有 2.以-s 结尾的名词末尾加’ the teachers’ books 老师们的书 my parents’ car 我父母的车 my friends’ phones 我朋友们的手机 mothers’ children 妈妈们的孩子 所有格 ’s / of / of + ’s 双重所有 3.有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命的名词， 也可以加’s 构成所有格 today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 five minutes’ walk 五分钟的路程 a pound’s worth 一英镑的价值 a week’s day 一周的一天 所有格 ’s / of / of + ’s 双重所有 4. and连接的并列名词，表各自所有，分别加’s Jack’s and Mike’s rooms Jack和 Mike（各自的）房间 Jack’s + Mike’s = 2个房间 Jack and Mike’s room Jack和 Mike（共同的）房间 共同拥有的那个 = 1个房间 表共同所有，最后名词加’s 所有格 ’s / of / of + ’s 双重所有 1.凡不能加’s的名词，都可以与of构成短语，来表示所有关系，无生命名词的所有格也可以这么用 名词+ of + 名词 a map of China the bottom of the box the window of the room the cover of the book Does anyone know the title of the novel？ 有人知道这本小说的标题吗 所有格 ’s / of / of + ’s 双重所有 2.如果名词后面有一个较长定语，尽管名词表示有生命的东西，也可以用这种所有格形式 Did you listen to the speech of the President Clinton over the radio？ 你听了克林顿总统的广播讲话了吗？ They have the support of the people of the developing countries． 他们得到发展中国家人民的支持。 所有格 ’s / of / of + ’s 双重所有 1.名词＋ of＋’s 所有格，通常表示部分概念，即全体中的一部分 a friend of my father’s some photos of my sister’s He is a friend of my sister’s.( ＝one of my sister’s friends) 他是我姐姐的一个朋友。（朋友中的一个） 所有格 ’s / of / of + ’s 双重所有 33 2.双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有感情色彩，如赞赏、 不满、厌恶等 Look at that long nose of Jack’s. 看杰克的那个长鼻子。 （感情色彩 ） That little daughter of our cousin’s is really dear! 我堂哥的那个小女儿真可爱！（感情色彩 ） 所有格 ’s / of / of + ’s 双重所有 04 句中成分 The boy opened the door. George is a clever boy. Mary is watering the flowers. The headmaster gave George a new book. He found a seat for George. As far as we students are concerned, this arrangement is quite satisfactory. 05 主谓一致 c c cc 主谓一致 语法一致 语法规则上一致 意义一致 与主语意义一致 就近一致 与最近主语一致 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 1.不可数名词、可数名词单数作主语时谓语用单数，可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数 eg. There is much water in the thermos（热水瓶）. Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesn’t need any more. is B. has been C. was D. had been 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 2.由and连接两个名词或代词作主语时 (A and B) 当both A and B作主语时，谓语动词用复数 A，B表同一个人/物/概念时，谓语动词用单数 A，B被each, every, many a，no等修饰时谓语动词用单数 A，B为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 2.由and连接两个名词或代词作主语时 (A and B) A. Li Ming and Zhuang Hua (be)good students. （are） B. A journalist and author (live)in the sixth floor. (lives) C. Each boy and each girl (be)invited. (is/was) D. A law and rule about protecting environment (have)been drawn up.(has/had) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 3.由every, any, some, no构成的复合词everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody等作主语时，或主语中含有each, every, either, neither, no时，谓语动词用单数 Each of us (have) a tape recorder. (has) There (be) something wrong with my watch. (is) Everyone in the class (be) surprised at the news. (has) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 4.动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数 To study English well (be)not easy. (is) What he said (be)very important for us all. (is/was) Reading in the sun (be)bad for your eyes.(is/was) What I bought (be)three English books.(is/was) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 5.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but, as well as, rather than, no less than, in addition to等引起的短语，谓语动词用单数形式 Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, (have) come to China.(has/had) Nobody but Jim and Mike (be)on the playground. (is/was) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 6. 由两个部件构成的名词表衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，但前有a kind of; a pair of; a series of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数 My glasses (be) broken. (are) The pair of shoes under the bed (be) his. (is) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 7.在一些短语，如many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式，但由more than… of作主语时，谓语动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致 Many a person (have) read the novel.(has/had) More than 60 percent of the students (be) from the city.(are) More than one student (have) seen the play. (has) Many a boy (have) bought that kind of toy. (has) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 8.分数+名词和百分数+名词构成的短语以及由“lots of，plenty of，a number of, ，the rest of，the majority of等+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致 Lots of damage (be) caused by flood. (is/was) A number of students (have) gone to the countryside.(are/were) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 9. a great deal of；a large amount of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。a great/good many+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数 A large amount of money (be)spent on the bridge.(was) Large amounts of money (be)spent on the bridge.(were) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 10.表示数量的one and a half之后的名词要用复数，但其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数 One and a half apples left on the table. is B. was C. are D. were One and a half days all I can spare. A. is B. was C. are D. were 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 11.在定语从句时，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致 He is one of my friends who working hard. is B. was C. are D. were He is the only one of my friends who working hard. A. is B. was C. are D. were 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 12.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 There (come) the bus. (comes) On the wall (be) many pictures. (are) Such (be) the result. (is) Such (be) the facts. (are) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 13. all作主语指代人，谓语动词用复数；指代物，谓语动词用单数 All here except Jack. is B. was C. are D. were All that can be done been done. A. have B. has C. had D. have has 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 1．代词what，which，who，none，some，any，more，most，all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定 The Arabian Nights an interesting storybook. is B. was C. are D. were The united States a developed country. A. is B. was C. are D. were 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 2．算式中表数目的主语通常看作单数，其谓语动词用单数 Twelve plus eight twenty. is B. was C. are D. were Fifty- six divided by eight seven. is B. was C. are D. were 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 3．一些以-ics结尾的学科名词如：mathematics, politics, physics以及news，works等作主语时谓语动词用单数 The paper works built in 1990. is B. was C. are D. were I don’t think physics easy to study. is B. was C. are D. were 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 4．以s结尾的表疾病的名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数 Measles（麻疹） a disease to take seriously. A. is B. was C. are D. were Diabetes（糖尿病） attracted more and more attention in recent years. A. have B. has C. had D. to have 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 5．the+形容词或分词作主语，表某一类人时谓语动词用复数 The old to be taken good care of. needs B. need C. needed D. to need The injured been taken to the hospital. A. have B. has C. had D. to have 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 6．单复同形名词作主语，用作单数意义时谓语用单数， 用作复数意义时谓语用复数 eg. means，works，species，Chinese，Japanese，aircraft， deer，fish，sheep This works (be)built in 1982. (was) The steel works (have)been closed down.(has/had) All possible means (have) been tried. (have/had) 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 7．如果集体名词指整个集体，谓语动词用单数； 指集体的成员，谓语动词用复数 Class Four on the third floor. A. is B. was C. are D. were Class Four unable to agree upon a monitor. A. is B. was C. are D. were 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 8.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语动词单复皆可， 取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数 Ours (Our Party) a great Party. A. is B. was C. are D. were Your shoes white, mine (=my shoes) black. A. is; is B. was; are C. are; were D. are; are 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 9. none作主语，谓语动词根据说话人的意思选用单复数 None of them a Party member. A. is B. was C. are D. were None of them party members. A. is B. was C. are D. were 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 10. such、the same起指示代词作用时，根据其所指的内容决定单复数 Such our plan. is B. was C. are D. were Such his last words. A. is B. was C. are D. were 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 1. or，either…or，neither…nor，whether…or…，not only…but also连接两个主语，谓语动词与最近主语一致 Either the teacher or the students our friends. A. is B. was C. are D. were Neither they nor he wholly right. A. is B. was C. are D. were 主谓一致 语法一致/意义一致/就近一致 2.句子由here, there引导,主语又不止一个时,谓语动词 与最近主语一致 Here a pen and some paper for you. A. is B. was C. are D. were There three apples and an orange on the table. A. is B. was C. are D. were 名词 名 词 专有名词 普通名词 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 eg. student 集体名词 eg. team 抽象名词 eg. happiness 物质名词 eg. paper 指个人、团体、地方、机构等场所专有的名称 eg.China 考点 复数（规则变化/不规则变化/单复同形） 所有格（’s / of 所有格 / 双重所有格） 句中成分（主/宾/宾补/定/状/表) 主谓一致（语法一致/意义一致/就近一致） THANKS $$