Unit4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

四郎课堂开课啦！ Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structure Learning Objectives 能从语篇的句子中识别并理解定语从句。 能分析并归纳定语从句的语法和语用规则。 能准确使用定语从句。 Lead-in 相亲相爱一家人 @皇后 你看看三阿哥都学了些什么？ 皇上息怒，三阿哥不会用定语从句，让太傅重新教导就是了。 这紫禁城里，属四郎英语最好，若四郎能亲自辅导，想必极好! 还是嬛嬛最合朕意。朕亲自开课，好好教教三阿哥定语从句。 一.什么是定语？ I see a big plane. This is a paper plane. The paper plane in my hand is small. This is the plane flying to China. I see the plane shot in the war. I like the plane that I can afford. 短前长后 二.什么是定语从句（Restrictive Relative Clause）？ 定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 1.作用相当于一个形容词; 2.定语从句是名词的一种后置修饰语。 I like the plane that I can afford. I like people who have a good sense of humor. 1.我喜欢音乐家. 2.音乐家能演奏各种音乐. 我喜欢能演奏各种音乐的音乐家。 合并下列句子 1.我有一个朋友. 2.朋友喜欢读书. 我有一个喜欢读书的朋友。 1.The maid is loyal. 2.The maid looks after Zhenhuan. The maid who/that looks after Zhenhuan is loyal. 照顾甄嬛的那个女仆很忠诚。 合并下列句子，注意关系词的使用 1.The girl is An Lingrong. 2. She called the girl just now. The girl (who/whom/that) she called just now is An Lingrong. 她刚才叫的那个女孩是安陵容。 1. She is reading a book. 2. Its name is The works of Mencius . She is reading a book whose name is The works of Mencius . 她正在看一本名叫《孟子》的书。 我喜欢女孩。 长得像纯元的女孩。 I like girls. Girls look like Chunyuan. 我喜欢长得像纯元的女孩。 I like girls who look like Chunyuan. 我们需要一位老师。 不会让我们上课睡着的老师。 We need a teacher. A teacher doesn’t make us fall asleep. 我们需要一位不会让我们上课睡着的老师。 We need a teacher who doesn’t make us fall asleep. 定语从句两要素：先行词和关系词 I don’t know the people who lived there . 关系代词的作用： 1) 连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰的内容连接起来； 2) 替代作用(指代)：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词； 3) 成分作用：在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 定语从句关系词判断思路 whose 从句中是否缺 语法成分 缺 不缺 代词 副词 先行词 人 物 先行词 主who/that 宾who/whom/that 主、宾which/that 时间 原因 地点 when where why 不缺 从句主语与先行词是所有格关系 从句中是否缺 语法成分 关系代词who, whom, which,that 1.主语关系代词 ①She wants to have a lover who loves her only. ②She want to have a lover that loves her only. who（人）、which（物）、that(人/物) ③I like music that has great lyrics. ④I like music which has great lyrics. We don’t know the people lost their homes in the disaster. The students want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7∶30 pm. It’s an animal is very strong. who/that who/that which/that 二、动词宾语关系代词 who （人） whom （人） which （物） that （人/物） 关系代词在从句中充当宾语通常可省去。 She really likes to find a partner who she can trust. She really likes to find a partner whom she can trust. She really likes to find a partner that she can trust. She really likes to find a partner she can trust. Tips：紧跟在名词后面出现了一个主谓结构，就是省略了一个充当宾语成分的关系词，是定语从句。 ①The man she met last day is Wen Shichu. ②The pen my uncle gave me is missing. ③This is the reason he explained to you. 三、介词宾语关系代词 who （人） whom （人） which （物） that （人/物） 关系代词在从句中充当宾语通常可省去。 The man who I told you about is standing over there. . The man whom I told you about is standing over there. The man that I told you about is standing over there. The man I told you about is standing over there. . 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以放到关系代词前面去。 The man about whom I told you is standing over there. I love music to which I can dance. I love music which I can dance to. I love music that I can dance to. I love music I can dance to. Tips：介词提前时，先行词是人，关系词只能用whom;先行词是物，关系词只能用which。 The man who I told you about is standing over there. 改写句子。 That’s the person to whom I talked. That’s the person that I talked to. That’s the person who I talked to. That’s the person whom I talked to. That’s the person I talked to. 四、定语关系限定词 whose 人或物；表所属关系；在从句中作定语，后面必须接名词 The teacher whose course I’m taking is excellent. The room whose window faces south is perfect. This is the woman whose daughter was taken away. Task 1 现在，请用定语从句帮助三阿哥修改作文。 My father This is my father. He is four ten years old. He is fat and short. He has a green face. He hair is shao, very shao. Task 1 现在，请用定语从句帮助三阿哥修改作文。 My father This is my father who is fourty years old. This is my father that is fat and short. This is my father whose hair is thin. My friend and I talked about the rules we have in school. Here is the man you’ve been expecting to meet. The woman is talking to my mother is a friend of hers. which/that (who/whom/that) who/that Task 2 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person she could turn for help. He is the man car was stolen. The boys names were called stood up. to whom whose whose Task 3 判断题：T\F The people which live next to me are friendly. The man which told me the news refused to give me his name. Do you know the people who lives in that house? Who\that Who\that live 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语，定语从句的谓语动词的单复数要跟先行词的单复数保持一致。 Task4 : Guess Riddles Working in groups to describe one classmate with the restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose, or whom. Then one group asks and the others guess. For example: 1 . She is a student whose hair is short. 2 . She is a student who is good at basketball. 3 . She is a student that is in row 3. ？ Task 4 Find and underline the restrictive relative clause. THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Homework 1.(must do) Draw a mindmap to conclude what you have learned. 2.(may do) Use relative clauses to write a short passage about the person you love. 关系副词when, where, why 一、When在定语从句中充当时间状语 I will never forget the day when I met you. When可以用“介词+which”结构替换 I will never forget the day on which I met you. 2:30 pm is the time when his plane arrives. 2:30 pm is the time at which his plane arrives. 1919 is the year when the revolution took place. 1919 is the year in which the revolution took place. I remember the day on which (= when) I went abroad. 二、Where在定语从句中充当地点状语 The house where the emperors lived is still standing. --Where did you get to know her? --It was on the farm where we worked. where可以用“介词+which”结构替换 The city where we spent our summer vacation was beautiful. The city in which we spent our summer vacation was beautiful. 无所不在的where 地点名词：place ,street ,house ,room…… 抽象地点：point ,case ,situation , stage，activity,position,job…… It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. The best relationship is one where you can completely be yourself. 三、Why在定语从句中充当原因状语 That’s probably the major reason why he suddenly left the school. Why可以用“介词+which”结构替换 That’s probably the major reason for which he suddenly left the school. The reason for which (= why) he didn’t come isn’t clear. The ripe fruit should be stored in a place contains(包含) much carbon dioxide so that it can’t decay（腐烂） rapidly. The ripe fruit should be stored in a place there is much carbon dioxide so that it can’t decay rapidly. that\which where The story happened on a day the weather was wet and cold. The story happened on a day was wet and cold. when that\which 运用定语从句需注意 关系代词只能用that的情况 She has something that you can borrow. (1)先行词为不定代词all, everything, nothing, much, something, anything, little等，只能用that。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the first tree that he has planted. This is the very book that I want to read. (2)先行词被特定缠，that抢先把位占。 (3)先行词前序高级，使用that必无疑。 all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last The film star and her film that you have just talked about are well-known. (4)先行词为人和物, that来当顶梁柱。 (5)先行词在特疑中, 避免重复that冲。 Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 关系代词只能用which的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时（介词+which） This is the news on which we are focusing. (2)非限制性定语从句 (, +which) We should do exercies everyday, which can keep us healthy. (1)先行词是one，ones或anyone, someone, anybody, nobody, none，all等不定代词时；先行词为those，these或被those, these修饰，指人时。 关系代词只能用who的情况 (2)在以there be的句子中，先行词为人时 One who does not work hard will never succeed. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. There is a man outside who wants to see you. (3)当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行词都为人时 The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard. (4)当指人的先行词被一些指物的名词修饰时 There’s only one student in the school who I want to see. Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields? (5)在非限制性定语从句中指人时 I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America. (6)定语从句中有插入语时，且先行词为人时 Jackson is a man who I believe is honest. 1. Mr. Chen is one of these teachers who _______ (teach) you English.  陈老师是教你英语的这些老师之一。说明陈老师和其他老师是并列关系，即都是教你英语的老师。 2. Mr. Chen is the only one of these teachers who __________ (teach) you English.  陈老师是这些老师中唯一一个教你英语的老师。说明陈老师的唯一性，即这些老师中只有陈老师教你英语。 teach teaches 总结： 一般来说定语从句紧接在先行词后面，如句一先行词是these teachers，而不是前面的one。因此定语从句的动词和these teachers保持一致。 而一旦给one of前面加上the only，那么先行词就变成the only one了，因为定冠词具有确定性，only具有唯一性。所以定语从句的谓语动词和one保持一致用单数。 Task : Fill in the blanks Anything ____ can burn is a source of heat energy. This is the very book ______ I’m looking for . They talked about things and persons _______ they remembered in the school. Which is the book _______ you lost? This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. that that that that that Task : Fill in the blanks Please get ready for everything _____ we need. This is the watch___________ I lost yesterday. Do you know the man ___________ is talking with your mother? This is the person ____________ you should thank for helping your son. The girl ____________ graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda. that who that/which who who/whom Summary 定语从句 关系 代词 主语/宾语 定语 指代人 指代物 指代人或物 指代人或物的 who which whom whose that 主语/宾语 宾语 主语/宾语 指代人 定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。 结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 Exercise We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster. Those want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7∶30 pm. The first museum he visited in China was the History Museum. The film you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow. I know the person house was destroyed in the earthquake. who/that who that that/which whose Exercise It is the tallest building Daming has seen ever since he came here. My father bought a new bike for me price added up to more than 1,000 yuan. ③She said she would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease. ④Anyone has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. ⑤The boy and the dog are in the picture are very lovely. that who that that whose Summary 关系代词 指人 指物 作主语 作宾语 作定语 that √ √ √ √ which √ √ √ who √ √ √ whom √ √ whose √ √ √ Thank you for listening Lavf58.28.100 $$