Unit 1 Science and scientists Reading and thinking 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking Understand the questioning mind Reading & Thinking John Snow Defeats “King Choleara” 2 Learning objectives By the end of this class, you will 1. get information about how John Snow defeated cholera and analyze Snow’s characters; 2. summarize the stages of scientific research; 3. talk about the significance and contribution of John’s work 目录 Contents 1 2 3 4 Pre-reading While reading Post-reading Homework 5 Summary 4 Lead in   Are you familiar with these situations ? take nucleic acid tests get vaccinated Positive measures are taken to fight against Covid-19. 做核酸检测 接种疫苗 What disease can you think of when you look at these pictures? COVID-19 It was discovered in the human body in 2019. The virus is generally characterised by fever, dry cough and gradually dyspnea(逐渐出现呼吸困难). The virus was confirmed to be with the phenomenon of human transmission and have latent infection. The disease had no specific treatment at that time, so it broke out in 2020 and swept the globe. COVID-19 Besides coronavirus（冠状病毒）, what other kinds of epidemics（流行病）do you know? Bird-flu malaria plague Ebola Smallpox Cholera Cholera loss of liquid (缺水) severe vomiting(呕吐) diarrhea(腹泻) It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. Pre-reading Ⅰ 11 John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was a British physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. 约翰·斯诺(1813年3月15日- 1858年6月16日)，英国内科医生，麻醉和医疗卫生的领导者。 An introduction to John Snow Prediction John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” The text is mainly about ____________ and _______ he defeated king cholera. how John Snow scientific research ? What will be talked about from the title ? Who ? How ? What ? Read the title and predict. John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” What does “ King ” imply in the title? The name of cholera The causes of cholera Cholera spread fast Cholera is powerful and hard to cure While-reading Ⅱ 15 While reading Activity 1: Read the whole text quickly and match the main idea Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 4 Para. 5 John Snow desired to destroy cholera. John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Snow began his study by marking on the map. Truth of the infection of cholera. Snow's contributions. Para. 3 Activity 2: Skim the text to see if the order you decided in Prediction was correct. Para.1: Research background 2. Why was the disease called “”King Cholera? Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 1. Who is John Snow? 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生约翰·斯诺向我们展示了如何才能战胜霍乱。这种疾病会导致严重腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人死于霍乱。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。很快，他成为了一位著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。然而，他从未失去彻底消灭霍乱的愿望. John Snow desired to destroy cholera. Para. 1 霍乱 严重的 腹泻 脱水 沮丧的 最终地 过去是 爆发 经过一段时间后 rise变得重要（成功） 17 Read the paragraph 1 carefully and fill in the mind map. Cholera when/where? what? result? In the early 19th century/ Europe A disease which causes diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death Millions of people died. John Snow who? what? a ______________________ doctor British, young and famous never ____________________ _______ once and for all _____________ Queen Victoria attended to lost his desire to destroy cholera In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 1. What are the two theories? Which theory did John Snow think was reasonable? 2. What did John Snow investigate when another outbreak hit London in 1854? 一般来说，当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。一种理论认为是空气不好导致了这种疾病。另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的，但他还需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺开始进行调查。他发现有两条街道的霍乱疫情非常严重，十天内有500多人死亡。他决心找出原因。 Para. 2 总的来说 对立的，矛盾的 感染，传染 细菌 同意 证据 因此 调查 决心做某事 Para.2: John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Find a problem→Ask a question 19 Read the paragraph 2 and find two contradictory theories Two Theories The first theory caused by bad ______ Cholera was caused by an _______ from the __________________. He needed proof . The second theory Snow subscribed to the second theory. air infection germs in food or water Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge8 Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. Para. 3 斯诺的开始是在地图上标出所有死去的人居住过的确切地点。Broad Street的水泵附近有多人死亡（尤其是16号、37.38号和40号房子）。但是，有些家庭（如20和21 Broad Street，8和9 Cambridge）没有死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。他们得到了免费啤酒，所以没有喝水泵里的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵造成的。 1. What method did Snow use? 2. What did he find on the map? What did he do to deal with it? Analyze the results→Find supporting evidence 标记 数量多的 水泵 剑桥 家庭 怀疑 指责，归咎于 21 What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. Para. 3 更糟糕的是，在伦敦的另一个地方，一名妇女和她的女儿在离开布罗德街后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以她每天都要把水送到她家里。作为这一证据的结果，约翰斯诺能够宣布水泵的水携带霍乱病菌。因此，他把泵的手柄取下，使其无法使用。通过这一干预措施，疾病得以遏制。 Pump water carried the cholera germs. Remove the handle of the pump The disease was stopped Draw a conclusion Para.3: Snow began his study by marking on the map. 而且，此外 ...的部分 死于 从...离开 递送 因为，由于 因此，于是 把手，手柄 介入，干涉 从途径上终止 看起来似乎.... 如此...以至于... 22 beer pub Note: ——1death PH: public house 30,31,…: numbers of houses water pump 7 Para.3 A map of Broad Street Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street? Which houses had no death? Why? Clue: free beer from public house The pump water carried cholera germs Think of a method→Collect data Think of a method Collect data Analyse the results Find supporting evidence Draw a conclusion Find a solution 1.We should drink pure or boiled water. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 事实是，街上水泵的水已经被垃圾污染了，而且，斯诺后来发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售被未经处理的废水污染的泰晤士河的水。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。 Para. 4 2. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854? Para.4: Truth of the infection of cholera. 联系 生的 纯净的 开水 1. How has John Snow’s work affected our daily life? 2. Why is John Snow considered the father of modern epidemiology? Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. Para. 5 通过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售清洁水，全球霍乱的威胁也大幅减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，全世界有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人死于霍乱。幸运的是，多亏了约翰·斯诺的工作，我们知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺在使用地图和统计学的过程中，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是流行病学之父. Para.5: Snow's contributions. 不懈努力 见证 大量的 减少 感染霍乱 幸亏，由于 改变 因为这个原因 被认为（是） 流行病学 Water companies began to sell clean water. The threat of cholera around the world decreased. He helped people know how to prevent cholera. Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 1. What contributions did John Snow make? The Father of Modern Epidemiology Read Para. 4-5 and answer the questions. Activity 1: Read the whole text quickly and match the main idea Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 4 Para. 5 John Snow desired to destroy cholera. John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Snow began his study by marking on the map. Truth of the infection of cholera. Snow's contributions. Para. 3 28 Post-reading Ⅲ 29 seven stages in scientific research Phenomenon two theories make an investigation find? other cases how? Find supporting evidence Para1 Para2 Para3 Para4 Para5 Find a problem Make a question Think of a method Collect data Analyse the results Draw a conclusion Solutions and significance Post Reading: Structure of the passage Draw a conclusion Collect data Ask a question Find a problem Analyze the results Find supporting evidence Think of a method Stages of Scientific Research What order would you put them in? Summary Ⅳ 32 Summary Find a problem: What caused a cholera? Ask a question： Which theory is right? Think of a method： Gathered evidence，analyzed the results and removed the handle of the pump. Draw a conclusion: The truth was that pump had been infected by waste. Take measures: Water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of the disease decreased. The stages of scientific research 1．Which of the following did John Snow believe in? A．Bad air caused cholera. B．What people eat and drink caused cholera. C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger. D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean. Exercise 2．What was the key leading to John Snow's discovery? A．The government. B．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. C．The water company. D．The map made by himself. 3．At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by __________________． A．using medicines in hospital B．driving patients out of the country C．dealing with the polluted water D．getting rid of all kinds of pollution 4．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence? A．Cholera germs multiplied in the water. B．Polluted water carried the virus. C．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found. 1. Where can you find the passage? A a science book B novel C a travel guide D newspaper 2. At last, “King Cholera” was controlled by ___. A. using medicine in hospital B. driving patients out of the country C. dealing with the polluted water D. getting rid of all kinds of pollution 3.What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage? A. To tell readers how John defeated cholera and his influence on scientific research. B. To tell readers John’s contributions to scientific research. C. To tell readers the process of defeating cholera. D. To tell readers how severe the cholera is. Choose the best answer. A C A As a doctor, he helped us to prevent cholera. As a scientist, he found out what caused cholera. Evaluation of John Snow Was cholera defeated completely? How to prevent the cholera or other disease? Drink boiled water. Remember to wear a mask when going out. Heat the food left overnight. Wash your hands often. Cook raw food thoroughly. Deal with rubbish timely and properly. Homework Ⅴ 39 课时跟踪检测P137 ：课文语法填空 John Snow was 1.__well-known doctor in London in the 19th century.He wanted to find the cause of cholera in order to help people 2._________ (infect) with it.In 1854 when an outbreak of cholera hit London, he 3.______ (begin) to gather information 4.____________ (immediate).He marked on a map 5.______all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who 6.__________ (drink) the dirty water 7._____the pump died.So he announced that the pump water 8.________ (carry) cholera germs.He suggested that the source of all water supplies 9._____________________ (examine) and new methods of 10.________ (deal) with polluted water be found.Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated. a infected began immediately where had drunk from carried (should) be examined dealing Thank you 感谢聆听 41 null 373527.4 $$