专题11 定语从句(知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练)-【学考复习】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习(全国通用,春季高考适用)

2024-11-18
| 2份
| 23页
| 1067人阅读
| 10人下载
精品
乐思英语精品馆
进店逛逛

资源信息

学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 定语从句
使用场景 高考复习-学业考试
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 228 KB
发布时间 2024-11-18
更新时间 2024-11-19
作者 乐思英语精品馆
品牌系列 上好课·学考必备
审核时间 2024-11-18
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/48762627.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

专题11 定语从句 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 2 考点一:相关定义 2 考点二:关系词分类及用法 3 考点三:限定性与非限定性定语从句对比 4 考点四:特殊情况及易错点 5 考点五:答题步骤与技巧 6 实战能力训练 7 1. 掌握关系代词的选用及用法规则。 2. 明确关系副词在从句中的作用。 3. 区分限定与非限定性定语从句。 4. 牢记特殊情况的关系词使用要求。 (一)考查核心能力 关系词的准确选用能力:定语从句重点考查考生能否根据先行词(被定语从句修饰的名词或代词)的性质(是人、物、时间、地点等)以及从句在整个句子中所起的作用(作主语、宾语、状语等),准确地选择合适的关系词(如 that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why 等)来引导定语从句,使句子结构和语义都正确合理。 从句与先行词及主句的逻辑关联理解能力:需要理解定语从句与先行词之间是修饰限定的关系,同时要把握好定语从句在整个主句语境中所表达的逻辑意义,确保其融入主句后能让整个句子表意清晰、逻辑连贯,不出现理解上的歧义或语法错误。 (二)关键关注要点 先行词的特点判断:仔细分析先行词是表示人、物、抽象概念、时间、地点还是原因等不同类别,因为这会直接影响关系词的选择。例如,先行词表示人时,常用 who、whom、whose 等关系词;先行词为物时,which、that 等较为常用。 关系词在从句中的作用分析:明确关系词在定语从句中充当的成分至关重要,它可能作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。比如关系词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致;作宾语时,还要注意是否可以省略等情况。 从句限定性与非限定性的区分:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定、明确范围的作用,是句子不可或缺的部分,若去掉会影响句子意思的完整性;非限定性定语从句则只是对先行词做补充说明,有逗号与主句隔开,去掉后不影响主句基本意思的表达,只是少了一些额外的补充信息,而且引导非限定性定语从句时不能用 that。 (一)相关定义: 1.在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。 This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。 Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members,friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语) 许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。 I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately,which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子) 我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院,这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。 2.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用:代指先行词,引导定语从句,在从句中作句子成分。 Beijing,which is the capital city of China,is a very. (二)关系词分类及用法 关系词 指代 从句中 作用 省略 示例及说明 who 人 主语 一般不可省略 The man who is standing there is my teacher.(“who” 指代先行词 “The man”,在从句中作主语) whom 人 宾语 常可省略(尤其口语) The boy (whom) I met yesterday is very friendly.(“whom” 指代先行词 “The boy”,在从句中作宾语,此处可省略) whose 人或物 定语 不可省略 I know the girl whose father is a doctor.(“whose” 修饰 “father”,表明是女孩的父亲);The house whose roof was damaged has been repaired.(“whose” 修饰 “roof”,说明是房子的屋顶) which 物 主语或宾语 作宾语时可省略 The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(“which” 指代先行词 “The book”,在从句中作宾语,可省略);This is the car which runs very fast.(“which” 在从句中作主语) that 人或物 主语、宾语等 作宾语时可省略 The person that/who helped me is my neighbor.(“that” 指代人,在从句中作主语);The movie (that) we watched last night was really exciting.(“that” 指代物,在从句中作宾语,可省略) when 时间 时间状语 不可省略 I still remember the day when we first met.(“when” 相当于 “on which”,在从句中作时间状语) where 地点 地点状语 不可省略 This is the place where I grew up.(“where” 相当于 “in which”,在从句中作地点状语) why 原因 原因状语 不可省略 The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(“why” 相当于 “for which”,在从句中作原因状语) 1. 关系代词: who:用于指人,在定语从句中作主语,一般不能省略。例如:The man who is standing there is my teacher.(站在那里的那个人是我的老师,“who” 指代先行词 “The man”,并在从句中作主语。) whom:同样指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,尤其在口语中。例如:The boy (whom) I met yesterday is very friendly.(我昨天遇到的那个男孩很友好,“whom” 指代先行词 “The boy”,在从句中作宾语,此处可省略。) whose:指人或物,在从句中作定语,用来表示所属关系,即 “…… 的”。例如:I know the girl whose father is a doctor.(我认识那个女孩,她的父亲是一名医生,“whose” 修饰 “father”,表明是女孩的父亲。) 又如:The house whose roof was damaged has been repaired.(那所屋顶损坏了的房子已经被修好了,“whose” 修饰 “roof”,说明是房子的屋顶。) which:主要指物,在从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。例如:The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣,“which” 指代先行词 “The book”,在从句中作宾语,可省略。) This is the car which runs very fast.(这就是那辆跑得很快的车,“which” 在从句中作主语。) that:既可指人也可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语等,在限定性定语从句中使用频率较高,作宾语时可省略。例如:The person that/who helped me is my neighbor.(帮助我的那个人是我的邻居,“that” 指代人,在从句中作主语。) The movie (that) we watched last night was really exciting.(我们昨晚看的那部电影真的很令人兴奋,“that” 指代物,在从句中作宾语,可省略。) 2. 关系副词: when:用于表示时间的先行词之后,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于 “介词 + which”(具体介词根据先行词搭配习惯而定)。例如:I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们初次见面的那一天,“when” 相当于 “on which”,在从句中作时间状语。) where:用于表示地点的先行词之后,在从句中作地点状语,等同于 “介词 + which”。例如:This is the place where I grew up.(这就是我长大的地方,“where” 相当于 “in which”,在从句中作地点状语。) why:用于先行词为 reason(表示原因)时,在从句中作原因状语,相当于 “for which”。例如:The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车,“why” 相当于 “for which”,在从句中作原因状语。) (三)限定性与非限定性定语从句对比 1. 限定性定语从句: 特点:与先行词关系紧密,对先行词进行限定,使先行词的范围更明确、具体,如果去掉从句,主句意思就不完整或者会改变原意。例如:The students who study hard will get good grades.(那些努力学习的学生将会取得好成绩,“who study hard” 限定了是哪类学生能取得好成绩,若去掉从句,就不清楚具体指哪些学生了。) 关系词使用:可用 that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why 等引导,在从句中作宾语等成分时可省略部分关系词。 2. 非限定性定语从句: 特点:与先行词之间用逗号隔开,只是对先行词做补充说明、附加信息,即使去掉从句,主句的基本意思依然完整、清晰。例如:My mother, who is a kind woman, always helps others.(我的妈妈,她是一个善良的女人,总是帮助别人,“who is a kind woman” 是对 “my mother” 的补充描述,去掉它不影响主句说妈妈总是帮助别人这个基本意思。) 关系词使用:不能用 that 引导,常用 which(指物)、who(指人)、whom(指人,作宾语时)、whose(指人或物)、when(指时间)、where(指地点)等,且关系词一般不能省略。 (四)特殊情况及易错点 只用 that 不用 which 的情况: 先行词是 all、everything、nothing、something、anything、little、much 等不定代词时:例如:All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子,先行词 “All” 是不定代词,所以用 “that” 引导定语从句。) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时:This is the best movie that I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最好的电影,“the best” 是形容词最高级,用 “that” 引导从句。) 先行词被 the only、the very、the same、the last 等修饰时:He is the only person that I can trust.(他是我唯一能信任的人,“the only” 修饰先行词 “person”,用 “that” 引导。) 先行词既有人又有物时:They talked about the people and things that they remembered at school.(他们谈论着他们记得的在学校里的人和事,先行词包含人和物,用 “that” 引导。) 只用 which 不用 that 的情况: 引导非限定性定语从句时:如前面所举例子 “My mother, who is a kind woman, always helps others.”,若把 “who” 换成 “which” 来指人是不符合语法规则的,但如果先行词是物且为非限定性定语从句,就只能用 “which”,例如:The book, which I bought last week, is very useful.(那本书,我上周买的那本,很有用,这里是非限定性定语从句,用 “which” 引导。) 放在介词后面作宾语时:This is the house in which I lived for five years.(这就是我住了五年的房子,“in which” 相当于 “where”,若用 “that” 就不符合语法要求了,这里只能用 “which” 放在介词后引导从句。) 关系词省略问题: 关系代词作宾语时,在限定性定语从句中常可省略:The pen (that/which) I lost yesterday has been found.(我昨天丢的那支笔已经找到了,“that/which” 在从句中作宾语,可省略。) 但在非限定性定语从句中一般不能省略关系词,如 “The book, which I bought last week, is very useful.” 中的 “which” 就不能省略。 关系副词 when、where、why 在口语等非正式场合,有时可省略,但在正式书面语中一般保留:I'll never forget the day (when) we first met.(在口语中 “when” 可省略,但书面表达更严谨时建议保留。) (五)答题步骤与技巧 1. 确定先行词:首先要在句子中准确找出被定语从句修饰的先行词,判断它是人、物、时间、地点还是其他类别。 2. 分析从句成分:仔细分析定语从句本身的结构,确定从句中缺少什么成分(主语、宾语、状语等),以此来判断需要选用哪种类型的关系词(关系代词还是关系副词)。 3. 结合语法规则选择关系词:根据先行词的特点以及从句成分分析的结果,同时考虑限定性与非限定性定语从句的区别、特殊的关系词使用规则等语法知识,准确地选择合适的关系词填入句子中,然后再通读全句,检查句子语法和语义是否正确、通顺。 例题精练,举一反三 1. The book ________ I carefully selected from the numerous ones in the library yesterday is really helpful. 2. Do you know the man ________ is standing over there and talking with our teacher? 3. The boy ________ mother is a famous singer and often performs on stage has a gift for music. 4. I visited the city ________ I had always dreamed of since my childhood last year. 5. This is the reason ________ he didn't come to the party held in the school hall last night. 6. The house ________ roof was painted red by the workers last week looks very beautiful. 7. I'll never forget the day ________ we went on a picnic together near the beautiful lake. 8. She is the only person ________ can help me solve this complicated math problem. 9. The movie, ________ was released last month with a huge promotional campaign, got high praise. 10. That's the place ________ I used to play basketball with my classmates when I was young. 11. He has a friend ________ father is a famous scientist working on important projects. 12. The students ________ study hard every day and actively participate in class will surely succeed. 13. I like the dress ________ my mother bought for me with her savings last week. 14. This is the factory ________ we worked for a whole year to earn some money. 15. The girl ________ I met at the concert organized by our school became my good friend. 1.(2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试)EBay and Amazon are popular websites ________ people can sell goods to each other. A.when B.which C.where D.whose 2.(2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试)A fast food restaurant is the place __________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. A.which B.what C.there D.where 3.(2023高二下·四川·学业考试)I enjoy reading a book ______ is about the traditional culture of paper-cutting. A.what B.who C.whose D.which 4.(2023高二·天津红桥·学业考试)A year is divided into four seasons, as we all know, _______ the first is spring. A.which B.of them C.when D.of which 5.(2023高二·山西·学业考试)His parents forced him to be a lawyer, ______ was against his own wishes. A.when B.which C.that D.what 6.(2023高二下·河北·学业考试)Have you heard about the player got the first prize in the swimming? A.which B.what C.who D.whom 7.(24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中)He told us the days he was young were gone. A.that; that B.when; when C.when; that D.that; when 8.(23-24高一下·广东广州·期末)Though the steps are the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ______ offers a place ______ you can sit down to rest your aching legs. A.which; and B.and; which C.that; where D.and; where 9.(23-24高一上·江苏淮安·开学考试)Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied. A.状语 B.补语 C.定语 D.同位语 10.(23-24高一上·全国·课后作业)Those ________ suffer often learn the value of mercy. A./ B.whom C.whose D.who 二、语法填空 11.(23-24高一下·广东佛山·阶段练习)The lab in they worked has poor air quality. (用适当的词填空) 12.(24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中)The artist paintings are displayed in the gallery will be giving a talk next week. (用适当的词填空) 13.(23-24高二上·山东济宁·期末)I encountered an old friend from I had parted for many years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习)She is very patient, is shown in her work. (用适当的词填空) 15.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Some people always talk loudly in public, is really annoying. (用适当的词填空) 16.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)He has two Chinese-English dictionaries, both were bought last week. (用适当的词填空) 17.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)He told us the days he was young were gone. (用适当的词填空) 18.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)We’ll put off the outing until next week, we won’t be busy. (用适当的词填空) 19.(23-24高二下·全国·随堂练习)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, is often the case in other countries. (用适当的词填空) 20.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)Mensa is a society for bright people, and it aims to create a platform many think can provide the chance to share their thoughts and ideas. (用适当的词填空) 平台可以提供分享他们想法和想法的机会。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词platform。先行词指物,在限定性定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。故填which/that。 21.(2023高一上·全国·专题练习)I was still tied to the barrel, and the waves soon carried me to an area the other fishermen were. (用适当的词填空) 22.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Those want to go on the riding trip please gather at the gate after school. (用适当的词填空) 23.(23-24高二下·全国·单元测试)A group of scientists study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. (用适当的词填空) 24.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习)After everyone concerned was seated, there was a ceremony of raising the national flag, made us excited. (用适当的词填空) 25.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习)Local festivals and customs, may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists. (用适当的词填空) ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题11 定语从句 目录 明晰学考要求 1 基础知识梳理 1 考点精讲讲练 2 考点一:相关定义 2 考点二:关系词分类及用法 3 考点三:限定性与非限定性定语从句对比 4 考点四:特殊情况及易错点 5 考点五:答题步骤与技巧 6 实战能力训练 9 1. 掌握关系代词的选用及用法规则。 2. 明确关系副词在从句中的作用。 3. 区分限定与非限定性定语从句。 4. 牢记特殊情况的关系词使用要求。 (一)考查核心能力 关系词的准确选用能力:定语从句重点考查考生能否根据先行词(被定语从句修饰的名词或代词)的性质(是人、物、时间、地点等)以及从句在整个句子中所起的作用(作主语、宾语、状语等),准确地选择合适的关系词(如 that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why 等)来引导定语从句,使句子结构和语义都正确合理。 从句与先行词及主句的逻辑关联理解能力:需要理解定语从句与先行词之间是修饰限定的关系,同时要把握好定语从句在整个主句语境中所表达的逻辑意义,确保其融入主句后能让整个句子表意清晰、逻辑连贯,不出现理解上的歧义或语法错误。 (二)关键关注要点 先行词的特点判断:仔细分析先行词是表示人、物、抽象概念、时间、地点还是原因等不同类别,因为这会直接影响关系词的选择。例如,先行词表示人时,常用 who、whom、whose 等关系词;先行词为物时,which、that 等较为常用。 关系词在从句中的作用分析:明确关系词在定语从句中充当的成分至关重要,它可能作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。比如关系词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致;作宾语时,还要注意是否可以省略等情况。 从句限定性与非限定性的区分:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定、明确范围的作用,是句子不可或缺的部分,若去掉会影响句子意思的完整性;非限定性定语从句则只是对先行词做补充说明,有逗号与主句隔开,去掉后不影响主句基本意思的表达,只是少了一些额外的补充信息,而且引导非限定性定语从句时不能用 that。 (一)相关定义: 1.在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。 This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。 Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members,friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语) 许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。 I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately,which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子) 我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院,这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。 2.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用:代指先行词,引导定语从句,在从句中作句子成分。 Beijing,which is the capital city of China,is a very. (二)关系词分类及用法 关系词 指代 从句中 作用 省略 示例及说明 who 人 主语 一般不可省略 The man who is standing there is my teacher.(“who” 指代先行词 “The man”,在从句中作主语) whom 人 宾语 常可省略(尤其口语) The boy (whom) I met yesterday is very friendly.(“whom” 指代先行词 “The boy”,在从句中作宾语,此处可省略) whose 人或物 定语 不可省略 I know the girl whose father is a doctor.(“whose” 修饰 “father”,表明是女孩的父亲);The house whose roof was damaged has been repaired.(“whose” 修饰 “roof”,说明是房子的屋顶) which 物 主语或宾语 作宾语时可省略 The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(“which” 指代先行词 “The book”,在从句中作宾语,可省略);This is the car which runs very fast.(“which” 在从句中作主语) that 人或物 主语、宾语等 作宾语时可省略 The person that/who helped me is my neighbor.(“that” 指代人,在从句中作主语);The movie (that) we watched last night was really exciting.(“that” 指代物,在从句中作宾语,可省略) when 时间 时间状语 不可省略 I still remember the day when we first met.(“when” 相当于 “on which”,在从句中作时间状语) where 地点 地点状语 不可省略 This is the place where I grew up.(“where” 相当于 “in which”,在从句中作地点状语) why 原因 原因状语 不可省略 The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(“why” 相当于 “for which”,在从句中作原因状语) 1. 关系代词: who:用于指人,在定语从句中作主语,一般不能省略。例如:The man who is standing there is my teacher.(站在那里的那个人是我的老师,“who” 指代先行词 “The man”,并在从句中作主语。) whom:同样指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,尤其在口语中。例如:The boy (whom) I met yesterday is very friendly.(我昨天遇到的那个男孩很友好,“whom” 指代先行词 “The boy”,在从句中作宾语,此处可省略。) whose:指人或物,在从句中作定语,用来表示所属关系,即 “…… 的”。例如:I know the girl whose father is a doctor.(我认识那个女孩,她的父亲是一名医生,“whose” 修饰 “father”,表明是女孩的父亲。) 又如:The house whose roof was damaged has been repaired.(那所屋顶损坏了的房子已经被修好了,“whose” 修饰 “roof”,说明是房子的屋顶。) which:主要指物,在从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。例如:The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣,“which” 指代先行词 “The book”,在从句中作宾语,可省略。) This is the car which runs very fast.(这就是那辆跑得很快的车,“which” 在从句中作主语。) that:既可指人也可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语等,在限定性定语从句中使用频率较高,作宾语时可省略。例如:The person that/who helped me is my neighbor.(帮助我的那个人是我的邻居,“that” 指代人,在从句中作主语。) The movie (that) we watched last night was really exciting.(我们昨晚看的那部电影真的很令人兴奋,“that” 指代物,在从句中作宾语,可省略。) 2. 关系副词: when:用于表示时间的先行词之后,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于 “介词 + which”(具体介词根据先行词搭配习惯而定)。例如:I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们初次见面的那一天,“when” 相当于 “on which”,在从句中作时间状语。) where:用于表示地点的先行词之后,在从句中作地点状语,等同于 “介词 + which”。例如:This is the place where I grew up.(这就是我长大的地方,“where” 相当于 “in which”,在从句中作地点状语。) why:用于先行词为 reason(表示原因)时,在从句中作原因状语,相当于 “for which”。例如:The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车,“why” 相当于 “for which”,在从句中作原因状语。) (三)限定性与非限定性定语从句对比 1. 限定性定语从句: 特点:与先行词关系紧密,对先行词进行限定,使先行词的范围更明确、具体,如果去掉从句,主句意思就不完整或者会改变原意。例如:The students who study hard will get good grades.(那些努力学习的学生将会取得好成绩,“who study hard” 限定了是哪类学生能取得好成绩,若去掉从句,就不清楚具体指哪些学生了。) 关系词使用:可用 that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why 等引导,在从句中作宾语等成分时可省略部分关系词。 2. 非限定性定语从句: 特点:与先行词之间用逗号隔开,只是对先行词做补充说明、附加信息,即使去掉从句,主句的基本意思依然完整、清晰。例如:My mother, who is a kind woman, always helps others.(我的妈妈,她是一个善良的女人,总是帮助别人,“who is a kind woman” 是对 “my mother” 的补充描述,去掉它不影响主句说妈妈总是帮助别人这个基本意思。) 关系词使用:不能用 that 引导,常用 which(指物)、who(指人)、whom(指人,作宾语时)、whose(指人或物)、when(指时间)、where(指地点)等,且关系词一般不能省略。 (四)特殊情况及易错点 只用 that 不用 which 的情况: 先行词是 all、everything、nothing、something、anything、little、much 等不定代词时:例如:All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子,先行词 “All” 是不定代词,所以用 “that” 引导定语从句。) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时:This is the best movie that I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最好的电影,“the best” 是形容词最高级,用 “that” 引导从句。) 先行词被 the only、the very、the same、the last 等修饰时:He is the only person that I can trust.(他是我唯一能信任的人,“the only” 修饰先行词 “person”,用 “that” 引导。) 先行词既有人又有物时:They talked about the people and things that they remembered at school.(他们谈论着他们记得的在学校里的人和事,先行词包含人和物,用 “that” 引导。) 只用 which 不用 that 的情况: 引导非限定性定语从句时:如前面所举例子 “My mother, who is a kind woman, always helps others.”,若把 “who” 换成 “which” 来指人是不符合语法规则的,但如果先行词是物且为非限定性定语从句,就只能用 “which”,例如:The book, which I bought last week, is very useful.(那本书,我上周买的那本,很有用,这里是非限定性定语从句,用 “which” 引导。) 放在介词后面作宾语时:This is the house in which I lived for five years.(这就是我住了五年的房子,“in which” 相当于 “where”,若用 “that” 就不符合语法要求了,这里只能用 “which” 放在介词后引导从句。) 关系词省略问题: 关系代词作宾语时,在限定性定语从句中常可省略:The pen (that/which) I lost yesterday has been found.(我昨天丢的那支笔已经找到了,“that/which” 在从句中作宾语,可省略。) 但在非限定性定语从句中一般不能省略关系词,如 “The book, which I bought last week, is very useful.” 中的 “which” 就不能省略。 关系副词 when、where、why 在口语等非正式场合,有时可省略,但在正式书面语中一般保留:I'll never forget the day (when) we first met.(在口语中 “when” 可省略,但书面表达更严谨时建议保留。) (五)答题步骤与技巧 1. 确定先行词:首先要在句子中准确找出被定语从句修饰的先行词,判断它是人、物、时间、地点还是其他类别。 2. 分析从句成分:仔细分析定语从句本身的结构,确定从句中缺少什么成分(主语、宾语、状语等),以此来判断需要选用哪种类型的关系词(关系代词还是关系副词)。 3. 结合语法规则选择关系词:根据先行词的特点以及从句成分分析的结果,同时考虑限定性与非限定性定语从句的区别、特殊的关系词使用规则等语法知识,准确地选择合适的关系词填入句子中,然后再通读全句,检查句子语法和语义是否正确、通顺。 例题精练,举一反三 1. The book ____ I carefully selected from the numerous ones in the library yesterday is really helpful. 答案:that 解析:先行词 “The book” 是物,在定语从句 “I carefully selected from the numerous ones in the library yesterday” 中作宾语,关系代词 that 可用来指物且在从句中作宾语引导限定性定语从句,所以此处应填 that。虽然 which 也可指物作宾语,但此处强调从众多书中挑选出来的那一本,用 that 更符合语境,且先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词等修饰时常用 that,这里可类比这种情况。 2. Do you know the man ____ is standing over there and talking with our teacher? 答案:who 解析:先行词 “the man” 是人,在定语从句 “is standing over there and talking with our teacher” 中作主语,关系代词 who 用于指人且在从句中作主语时不能省略,此从句描述了这个男人正在做的两个并列动作,整体作为对先行词的限定修饰,所以此处应填 who。 3. The boy ____ mother is a famous singer and often performs on stage has a gift for music. 答案:whose 解析:先行词 “The boy” 是人,从句 “mother is a famous singer and often performs on stage” 中需要一个表示所属关系的词,来表明是 “男孩的妈妈”,并且补充了妈妈的相关情况,whose 用于在从句中作定语表示所属关系,所以此处应填 whose。 4. I visited the city ____ I had always dreamed of since my childhood last year. 答案:which/that 解析:先行词 “the city” 是物,在定语从句 “I had always dreamed of since my childhood” 中作 “of” 的宾语,关系代词 which 和 that 在指物作宾语时符合语法要求,可引导限定性定语从句,所以此处应填 which/that。 5. This is the reason ____ he didn't come to the party held in the school hall last night. 答案:why 解析:先行词 “the reason” 表示原因,在定语从句 “he didn't come to the party held in the school hall last night” 中作原因状语,关系副词 why 用于先行词为 reason 时在从句中作原因状语,相当于 “for which”,所以此处应填 why。 6. The house ____ roof was painted red by the workers last week looks very beautiful. 答案:whose 解析:先行词 “The house” 是物,从句 “roof was painted red by the workers last week” 中缺少表示所属关系的词,即 “房子的屋顶”,whose 可指物并在从句中作定语表示所属,所以此处应填 whose。 7. I'll never forget the day ____ we went on a picnic together near the beautiful lake. 答案:when 解析:先行词 “the day” 表示时间,在定语从句 “we went on a picnic together near the beautiful lake” 中作时间状语,关系副词 when 用于表示时间的先行词后,在从句中作时间状语,相当于 “on which”,所以此处应填 when。 8. She is the only person ____ can help me solve this complicated math problem. 答案:that 解析:先行词 “the only person” 中含有 “the only” 修饰,根据语法规则,先行词被 the only 等修饰时,关系代词要用 that,所以此处应填 that。 9. The movie, ____ was released last month with a huge promotional campaign, got high praise. 答案:which 解析:此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词 “The movie” 是物,非限定性定语从句不能用 that 引导,关系代词 which 可用于指物引导非限定性定语从句,所以此处应填 which。 10. That's the place ____ I used to play basketball with my classmates when I was young. 答案:where 解析:先行词 “the place” 表示地点,在定语从句 “I used to play basketball with my classmates when I was young” 中作地点状语,关系副词 where 用于表示地点的先行词后,在从句中作地点状语,相当于 “in which”,所以此处应填 where。 11. He has a friend ____ father is a famous scientist working on important projects. 答案:whose 解析:先行词 “a friend” 是人,从句 “father is a famous scientist working on important projects” 中需要表示所属关系的词,即 “朋友的父亲”,whose 用于在从句中作定语体现所属关系,所以此处应填 whose。 12. The students ____ study hard every day and actively participate in class will surely succeed. 答案:who/that 解析:先行词 “The students” 是人,在定语从句 “study hard every day and actively participate in class” 中作主语,关系代词 who 和 that 都可指人且作主语,所以此处应填 who/that。 13. I like the dress ____ my mother bought for me with her savings last week. 答案:which/that 解析:先行词 “the dress” 是物,在定语从句 “my mother bought for me with her savings last week” 中作宾语,关系代词 which 和 that 都可指物作宾语,所以此处应填 which/that。 14. This is the factory ____ we worked for a whole year to earn some money. 答案:where 解析:先行词 “the factory” 表示地点,在定语从句 “we worked for a whole year to earn some money” 中作地点状语,关系副词 where 用于表示地点的先行词后作地点状语,相当于 “in which”,所以此处应填 where。 15. The girl ____ I met at the concert organized by our school became my good friend. 答案:whom/who/that 解析:先行词 “The girl” 是人,在定语从句 “I met at the concert organized by our school” 中作宾语,关系代词 whom、who、that 都可指人作宾语,所以此处可填 whom/who/that。 1.(2024高二下·天津南开·学业考试)EBay and Amazon are popular websites ________ people can sell goods to each other. A.when B.which C.where D.whose 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:EBay和亚马逊是人们可以互相销售商品的热门网站。“________ people can sell goods to each other.”为定语从句,修饰先行词websites,先行词指地点,关系词在定语从句中作状语,故用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。 2.(2023高二下·天津红桥·学业考试)A fast food restaurant is the place __________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. A.which B.what C.there D.where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:快餐店,顾名思义,就是快速进食的地方。定语从句修饰先行词place,关系词在从句作地点状语,故用where。故选D。 3.(2023高二下·四川·学业考试)I enjoy reading a book ______ is about the traditional culture of paper-cutting. A.what B.who C.whose D.which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我喜欢读一本关于剪纸传统文化的书。句中先行词为a book,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选D。 4.(2023高二·天津红桥·学业考试)A year is divided into four seasons, as we all know, _______ the first is spring. A.which B.of them C.when D.of which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:一年分为四个季节,我们都知道,第一个季节是春天。分析句子可知,“A year is divided into four seasons”为主句,逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句。结合意思可知,这里表示一年四季中的第一个为春季,因此非限制性定语从句的结构为“the first of which /of which the first”,关系代词which指代先行词“four seasons”,故选D。 5.(2023高二·山西·学业考试)His parents forced him to be a lawyer, ______ was against his own wishes. A.when B.which C.that D.what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他的父母强迫他当律师,这违背了他自己的意愿。指代前面的一件事,所以用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。故选B。 6.(2023高二下·河北·学业考试)Have you heard about the player got the first prize in the swimming? A.which B.what C.who D.whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你听说那个在游泳比赛中得了第一名的运动员了吗?空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词是player,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who或that引导。故选C。 7.(24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中)He told us the days he was young were gone. A.that; that B.when; when C.when; that D.that; when 【答案】D 【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意:他告诉我们他年轻的日子已经一去不复返了。第一空引导宾语从句,作told的宾语,从句主干为the days were gone,结构、意义完整,故第一空使用that引导;第二空引导定语从句,先行词是days,关系词在从句中作时间状语,使用关系副词when引导。故选D。 8.(23-24高一下·广东广州·期末)Though the steps are the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ______ offers a place ______ you can sit down to rest your aching legs. A.which; and B.and; which C.that; where D.and; where 【答案】D 【详解】考查并列句及定语从句。句意:尽管台阶是你攀登山峰过程中唯一不自然的事物,但它突出了整个冒险,提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你酸痛双腿的地方。“highlights the whole adventure”和“offers a place”都是it发出来的动作,it指代台阶。可以判断这里是并列句,使用and并列两个动词;横线二后引导一个定语从句,先行词是place,在从句中充当地点状语,应该使用where引导。故选D。 9.(23-24高一上·江苏淮安·开学考试)Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied. A.状语 B.补语 C.定语 D.同位语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意:如今,越来越多的学生直接在互联网上学习不同类型的课程。此处划线部分为定语从句修饰先行词Internet,故选C。 10.(23-24高一上·全国·课后作业)Those ________ suffer often learn the value of mercy. A./ B.whom C.whose D.who 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那些受苦受难的人往往懂得慈悲的价值。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Those,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导从句。故选D。 二、语法填空 11.(23-24高一下·广东佛山·阶段练习)The lab in they worked has poor air quality. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。此处为介词+关系代词结构引导的定语从句修饰先行词lab,先行词lab作介词in的宾语,表示物,用关系代词which指代lab。故填which。 12.(24-25高一上·江苏南京·期中)The artist paintings are displayed in the gallery will be giving a talk next week. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:其画作在画廊展出的那位艺术家将于下周发表演讲。“_____ paintings are displayed in the gallery”为定语从句,修饰先行词artist,指人,关系词将其代入从句中修饰名词paintings,应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose作定语,表示“艺术家的画作”。故填whose。 13.(23-24高二上·山东济宁·期末)I encountered an old friend from I had parted for many years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我遇到了一位与我分开多年的老朋友。分析句子结构和意思可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词在从句中作介词from的宾语,指人,用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 14.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习)She is very patient, is shown in her work. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:正如她的工作所展示出的那样,她很有耐心(她很有耐心,这一点在她的工作中已得到展示)。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子,从句缺少主语,故填as/which。 15.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Some people always talk loudly in public, is really annoying. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:有些人总是在公共场合大声说话,这真的很烦人。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是主句内容,关系词在从句中作主语,使用关系代词which引导,故填which。 16.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)He has two Chinese-English dictionaries, both were bought last week. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】of which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他有两本汉英词典,都是上周买的。空处引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词two Chinese-English dictionaries,先行词指物,根据空前的both可知,应该用both of which的结构,which指代先行词,在定语从句中作介词of 的宾语。故填of which。 17.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)He told us the days he was young were gone. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 that when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他告诉我们他年轻的日子已经一去不复返了。第一空引导宾语从句,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that引导;第二空定语从句修饰先行词days,在从句作时间状语,应用when。故填①that;②when。 18.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)We’ll put off the outing until next week, we won’t be busy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们将把郊游推迟到下星期,那时我们不忙。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词next week,空处在从句作时间状语,故填when。 19.(23-24高二下·全国·随堂练习)The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, is often the case in other countries. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:英国人不像其他国家的人那样熟悉不同的文化和做事的方式。空格处引导非限定性定语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“正如”,应用as引导从句。故填as。 20.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)Mensa is a society for bright people, and it aims to create a platform many think can provide the chance to share their thoughts and ideas. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:门萨是一个为聪明人服务的协会,它旨在创建一个平台,许多人认为这个平台可以提供分享他们想法和想法的机会。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词platform。先行词指物,在限定性定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。故填which/that。 21.(2023高一上·全国·专题练习)I was still tied to the barrel, and the waves soon carried me to an area the other fishermen were. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我仍然被绑在木桶上,海浪很快把我带到了其他渔民所在的地方。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是area,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 22.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)Those want to go on the riding trip please gather at the gate after school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那些想要去骑行旅行的人请在放学后在校门口集合。空处引导限定性定语从句,修饰先行词Those。先行词指人,在从句中作主语,用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 23.(23-24高二下·全国·单元测试)A group of scientists study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:一组研究动物行为的科学家发现,动物也会投票决定是否捕猎。空处引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词scientists在从句中作主语,需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 24.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习)After everyone concerned was seated, there was a ceremony of raising the national flag, made us excited. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在所有相关人员落座后,举行了升旗仪式,这让我们很兴奋。指代了前面的一件事,用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。故填which。 25.(2024高二上·江苏·专题练习)Local festivals and customs, may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:当地的节日和习俗在特定文化中可能有深刻的意义,但对游客来说可能只是娱乐。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Local festivals and customs,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

资源预览图

专题11 定语从句(知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练)-【学考复习】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习(全国通用,春季高考适用)
1
专题11 定语从句(知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练)-【学考复习】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习(全国通用,春季高考适用)
2
专题11 定语从句(知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练)-【学考复习】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习(全国通用,春季高考适用)
3
所属专辑
相关资源
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。