Unit 7 Seasons 课文理解 知识讲解 跟踪训练 课件 2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册

8A Unit 7 Seasons Grammar Verbs and sentence structures 动词的种类 连系动词 实义动词 连系动词 be, seem 5个"感官" look, smell, feel, sound, taste 3个"保持” keep, stay remain 6 个“变成” become, get, grow, go, turn, fall 连系动词本身有词义,但是意义不完整,后面需要接表语。 表语 表语主要用于表述主语的特征,状态,身份等。表语可以是:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语。表语位于连系动词后,结构为:主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P) 连系动词 我是一个老师. I am a teacher. 表语 这种水果尝起来味道很好. This kind of fruit tastes very delicious. 表语 1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 3.感官动词(look, smell, sound, feel…) +表语 2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay) 那个女孩变得非常担心. The girl got worried. 表语 句型:S+V(系动词)+ P(表语) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell ill last week.. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. “主系表”结构如何变成否定句和疑问句? 实义动词也称为行为动词,本身有实在的意义,可以在独立作谓语。 行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。 不及物动词本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,构成的句子结构是: 主语+(不及物)动词 (S+V)。 The leaves fall. The temperature drops. The snowy season will begin. 句型:S+V(主+谓) 谓语:不及物动词(vi.)不带宾语, 形成主谓结构。 S+V(不及物动词) 1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly 及物动词本身词义不够完整,后面需要接宾语,结构为: 主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+V+O) He is eating ice cream. Farmers harvest crops. White snow covers the whole earth. The students are drawing pictures. We have four seasons. They are quite different. Sprig is warm and sunny. We fly kites. We like summer. Ice cream tastes nice. Autumn arrives. Snow falls. S+ V+ O S+ V+ P S+ V+ P S+ V+ O S+ V+ O S+ V+ P S+ V S+ V 课本第85页练习 句型:S+V+O (主+谓+宾) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词都是及物动词,必须 跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。 S+V(及物动词)+O(宾语) 1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said “Good morning.” 5. He admits that he was mistaken. 有些及物动词后需要跟一个表人的宾语(间接宾语IO)和一个表物的宾语(直接宾语DO),结构为: S+V+IO+DO 1、主语+谓语+人+物 (S+V+IO+DO) 可以改为:主语+谓语+物+to+人 (S+V+DO+to+IO) 常用的动词有:bring(带来), give(给), hand(递给), lend(借给), offer(给予), pass(传递), pay(付), post(邮寄), read(读), sell(卖), send(寄), show(给……看), take(带走), teach(教), tell(告诉), write)写。 2、主语+谓语+人+物 (S+V+IO+DO) 可以改为:主语+谓语+物+for+人 (S+V+DO+for+IO) 常用的动词有:bring(带来), build(建造), buy(买), cook(做饭;烹饪), find(找到), get(得到), leave(留下), make(制造), order(订购), pick(挑选), save(储蓄)。 The boy always gives some food. the birds S V DO IO(间接宾语) Indirect Object He shows me pictures. IO V S DO sb. sth. The boy always gives some food to . the birds He shows pictures to me. give, hand, lend, pass, teach, sell, take, tell, offer,send … Hobo bulids Eddie a tent. S V DO IO(间接宾语) Indirect Object sb. sth. Hobo builds a tent for Eddie. buy, cook, find, get, leave, save,… Zhalong gives I pass He bought birds an ideal home him a book his son a present. IO DO IO DO IO DO to to for She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 有些及物动词后面接了宾语后还不能表达完整的意思,需要加一个补足语,用来补充说明宾语的行为或状态等,这个补足语称为宾语补足语,结构为:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词, 不定式, 动名词, 分词, 介词短语等。 The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road. 名词 形容词 介词短语 动词不定式 动名词 Many boys are running. I feel excited. He gave Tom a present. I find it interesting. Music sounds beautiful. I am a student. She bought a pen for me. I saw her dance. They are watching TV. eg: 2 1 4 5 3 3 4 5 3. The crane looks beautiful. 2. The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home. 1. The sparrow is flying. S + V S + V + IO + DO S + V + P 指出下面的句子属于哪种基本句型。 20 20 6. I found the article on wildlife interesting. 5. Sandy thought herself a good birdwatcher. 4. The students are counting the birds. S + V + O S + V + DO + OC S + V + DO + OC 21 21 S V + 1. V S + + P 3. V S O + + 2. V S DO + + IO + 4. V S DO OC + + + 5. Sentence structures 定语:(attribute) 以上结构中的主语、表语或宾语的前或后可以加定语,定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词。 这是一节生动有趣的课. This is a lively and interesting class. 有一些难题要处理. There is something difficult to deal with. 前置定语 后置定语 It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes _ to the nest-shaped stadium. 花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。 leading 状语:(adverbial) 以上五中主要结构中可以加状语,状语是修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分;按用途分,可分为时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,条件,让步,程度,方式,伴随状况等。 Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow? 我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊? 他因为生病所以今天没有去上学. Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today. 为了考入一个更好的学校,我必须更加努力. In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder . 1.“Trees turn brown in autumn. ”The sentence structure is_. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 2.The sentence structure of "We like English." is_. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 3.“The reserve gives wildlife food and cover. ”Which is the correct sentence structure? A.S+V+P B. S+V+IO+DO B.S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+DO 4.When sentence has the same sentence structure as “we visited the museum.” A.The sky became dark. B. The clouds covered the sun. C.The temperature dropped quickly. D. Mr. Wu bought us some umbrellas. 5.“My English teacher always advises me to speak English more often.” The main structure of the sentence is_. A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 6.The structure of the sentence “We find it difficult to finish this task.” is_. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 7."White snow covers the whole earth in winter, "This sentence structure is A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 8.“Those sweet memories of summer days are about quiet streams and trees and shade.” This sentence structure is _. A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 9.The sentence structure of "Eddie is watching Hobo work" is_. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 10.Which of the following sentences has the same structure(结构)as "Eddie gives Hobo some ice cream. " A. Eddie loves hamburgers. B. Eddie always feels hungry. C. Eddie lends Hobo some money. D. Eddie often watches Hobo work. 11.The sentence structure of "Our teachers always make their classes interesting and lively. " is_. A. S+V+DO B. S+V+1O+DO C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+P 12.Which sentence has the same structure as "I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park". A. I always find English easy and useful. B. I am feeling much better than yesterday. C. I bought my father a scarf for his birthday. D. I saw a lot of foreigners the day before yesterday. 13.Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “He often provides me with some advice”? A. The cat makes me happy. B. I can hear him singing in the next door. C. I am reading an English book in my study. D. My best friend always sends me some present. 14. Which of the following sentences is presented with the structure of “S+V+IO+DO”? A. Zhalong is an important wetland in the world. B. The area gives a lot of wildlife food and cover. C. Zhalong needs more people to count the birds. D. We call these people volunteers. 15.The sentence structure of “Hobo built Eddie a tent near the stream.” is _. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC Comic strip Welcome to the unit It’s too cold. (P80) 句子结构: S+V+P Bring me my clothes, Hobbo. (P80) 句子结构:(S)+V+IO+DO = Bring my clothes for me, Hobbo. bring, take Is this one OK? (P80) 句子结构: S+V+P 这件行吗? Do I look cool? (P80) 句子结构: S+V+P 我看起来酷吗? 以上两句都是“主系表”结构,且都是疑问句,但是方式不同。 I bet you will look cool and feel cool with nothing on. (P80) 我敢说什么都不穿,你看起来很酷(凉爽),感觉也很酷(凉爽)。 整体句子结构: S+V+O 宾语从句结构: S+V+P with nothing on是“with+名词+副词”构成的“with复合结构”,在句子中作状语,意思是“没穿什么;什么都没穿” The emperor walked through the street with nothing on. 国王什么都没穿在走过街道。 主句 宾语从句 with复合结构主要用作状语,初中常见的结构有: 1) with + 名词 (或代词) + 形容词 I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。 2) with + 名词 (或代词) + 副词 He fell asleep with the light on. 他睡着了, 灯还亮着。/他亮着灯睡着了。 The boy stood there with his head down. 这个男孩低头站在那儿。 3) with + 名词 (或代词) + 介词短语 She greeted me with a smile on her face. 她面带微笑和我打招呼。 S+V+O S+V+O S+V+O S+V+P S+V+O S+V+O S+V+P S+V+O Which season do you like best, Simon? (P81) =Which is your favourite season, Simon? Simon, 你最喜欢哪一个季节? Which is your …?和Which … do you like best?是用来询问“对方最喜欢的……是……”的句型。 Which is your favourite subject? =Which subject do you like best? It’s the best time to play football outside. (P81) 那是户外踢足球的最好时间。 = It’s the best time for playing football outside. Reading 冬天是雪的世界, 树木和花朵忘记了生长, 鸟儿已飞远, 去寻找温暖、明媚的地方。 春天风和日丽, 那是放风筝的好时光! 蜜蜂和蝴蝶在花丛中嬉戏, 然后(他们)为避开四月的阵雨而躲藏。 那些夏日甜美的记忆 都是有关安静的小溪、树木和树荫, 以及在池塘旁慵懒的下午, 吃着冰淇淋来感受清凉。 秋天的树叶已变枯黄, 一堆一堆地落在地上。 农民们收获庄稼忙, 随着白天变短,气温也下降, 冰雪季节将要来临, 新的一年再度起航。 Winter days are full of snow. (P82) When trees and flowers forget too grow. And the birds fly far away. To find a warm and sunny day. 英文诗歌几行为以节,每行开头单词首字母大写,行末多押韵,也有不押韵的。 朗读课本第82页诗歌,找出押韵的单词 grow day kite showers shade cool ground drops again Winter days are full of snow. (P82) 冬天是雪的世界。 =Winter days are filled with snow. be full of = be filled with 装满……;充满…… This bag is full of rice. =This bag is filled with rice. And the birds fly far away. (P82) 鸟儿已飞远。 far away遥远,在远处 far away from 远离…… be +具体距离+away from … Tom lives far way. 汤姆住得很远。 The bus stop is far away from my school. 公共汽车站离我的学校很远。 The market is ten kilometers away from my home. 市场里我家10千米远。 What a perfect time to fly a kite!(P82) 正是放风筝的好时机! what引导的感叹句结构: 1) What +a/an+形容词+单数名词(+ 主语+谓语)! 2) What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+ 主语+谓语)! how引导的感叹句结构: How +形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! 把下列句子变成感叹句 1. The dress is beautiful. How beautiful the dress is! 2. This is a beautiful dress. What a beautiful dress this is! 3. He runs fast. How fast he runs! 4. You have a big playground. What a big playground you have! 5. They are clever children. What clever children they are! 6. These children are very clever. How clever these children are! 7. They study hard. How hard they study! 8. The ice cream tastes nice. How nice the ice cream tastes! 用what、what a/an或how填空 1. _ cold it is today! 2. _ happy she is! 3. _ clever boy he is! 4. _ interesting story it is! 5. _ beautiful girl she is! 6. _ tall building it is! 7. _ high the bird is flying! 8. _ fine weather it is! 9. _ beautiful kites! 10. _ interesting the place is! 11. _ lovely dog! 12. _ foolish king he is! How How What a What an What a What a How What What How What a What a 加、提、抄、变 课本第83页练习 spring c autumn d winter b summer a 课本第84页练习 _ sunny _ windy _ showers _ lazy _ brown _ drops P84 snow temperature perfect Bees hide memories ice cream streams shade leaves fall cropss Farmers are busy harvesting crops.(P84) 农民们忙着收获庄稼。 be busy doing sth. be busy with sth. The students are busy describing their favourite food. 学生们正在忙着描述他们最喜欢的食物。 The students are busy with the competition. 学生们正忙于比赛。 Integrated skills 课本第87页练习 winter autumn summer spring 1. 傍晚时分暴风雪将从北方而至,风力会加强,温度会下降到零度以下,最低零下10度。 2. 今天的天气以干燥、晴朗为主,但是晚上转为多云。白天温度大约是9 ,晚上是4 . 3. 今天又将迎来一个美丽而炎热的天气,温度在30 左右。阳光和蓝天将伴随我们度过这一周的未来几天。 4. 今天会有阵雨,但是天气很温暖,白天温度大约是18度或19度。 in the late afternoon(P87) 在下午晚些时候; 傍晚 in the early afternoon 在下午早些时候 …the temperature will drop below zero, to -10 . (P87) 表示温度的上升,用rise;下降用drop。 The temperature rose five degrees. 温度上升了5度。 The temperature will be around 9 during the daytime and 4 at night. (P87) 句中around的意思是“大约”,相当于about,主要用在数字前,有时用在时间短语前。 It costs around 10 yuan. 它大约要花费10元。 There are around 30 bookshops in the city. 这座城市大约有30家书店。 It will be a beautiful, hot day again today, with temperatures in the thirties. (P87) with temperatures in the thirties是with的复合结构。 本句中的 in the thirties表示“在30多度” in the thirties还可以表示年龄,意思“三十多岁(的)”;还可以表示年代,意思是“在(某一世纪的)三十年代(的)” Sunshine and blue skies will stay with us for the rest of the week. (P87) the rest of +名词 意思是“其余的……;剩余的……”,当用作主要时,谓语与of后的名词一致。 其余的学生都在教室。 The rest of the students _ (be) in the classroom. 剩余的水是给Jim的。 The rest of the water _ (be) for Jim. are is … but it will be warm, with daytime temperatures around 18 or 19 degrees. (P87) 表示“几度”用“基数词+degree(s)”,“零下几度”用“minus+基数词+degree(s)”,或“基数词+degree(s) +below zero” 零下5度 minus five degrees/five degrees below zero 表示度数高,用high, 低用low。 The temperature will be very low tomorrow. 明天温度很低。 课本第88页练习 高达…… 低至…… 维持在……以上 跌到……以下 升到…… 降到…… ……的可能 snowstorm sunny cloudy 9 -1 summer showers 26 This is Aunt Jane speaking. (P88) 我是简姑姑。 电话用语 1、自报家门 Hello! This is …(speaking). 你好!我是…… 2、请某人接电话 Hello! May/Could I speak to …? 你好,请……接电话好吗? Hello! Is … in> 你好,……在吗? Is that …(speaking)? 是……吗? 3、接电话的应答语 Hello!This is … (speaking). 你好!我是…… 4、告诉对方找的人不在,“请稍等”的用语 Hold on (for a moment), please. 请稍等。 5、对方找的人不在,请对方留言的用语。 He/She isn’t here at the moment. 他/她现在不在这儿。 Sorry, he/she is out. 对不起,他不在。 Can I take a message for you? 我可以给你捎个口信吗? How is the weather in Nanjing? (P88) 南京的天气怎么样? How is the weather? =What is the weather like? 天气怎么样? 答语:It /The weather is +(表示天气的)形容词. —How is the weather today? =What’s the weather like today? —It’s very cold. Study skills 课本第83页练习 名词+y 形容词 windy funny sleepy rainy lucky sunny noisy snowy foggy healthy Task It is very cold and everyone _(have) to wear thick warm clothes. (P90) 天很冷,大家都必须穿厚厚的暖和的衣服。 everyone只能指人,其后不能跟of引起的短语 every one 既可以指人,也可以指物,后面可以接of引起的短语。 二者用作主语时,谓语都用单数形式。 Everyone is here. Let’s have the meeting. 大家都到了,咱们开会。 Everyone likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 Every one of the apples in the basket was bad. 篮子里的苹果都坏了。 has Everything _ covered in deep white snow and the lakes and rivers are frozen. (P90) 一切都覆盖着厚厚的白雪,胡泊和河流都结冰了。 be covered in 被……掩埋;被……填满 be covered with 被……覆盖 is 不定代词 1. everyone, everybody, everything 用于肯定句,意为“每个人或物”,意指“整体;全部” 2. someone, somebody, something 常用于肯定句中,意为“某人或某物” 3. anyone, anybody, anything 常用于否定句和疑问句,意为“某人或某物”,也可以用于肯定句,意为“任何人或任何物” 4. no one, nobody, nothing 表示否定意义,所在句子,结构为肯定,意思为否定。 不定代词用作主语时,谓语用单数。 1.fog n. _(adj.) 2.sun n. _(adj.) 3.rain n. _(adj.) 4.snow n. _(adj.) 5.cloud n. _(adj.) 6. wind n. _(adj.) 7.butterfly n. _(复数) 8.memory n. _(复数) 9. 阴凉处 _ 10. crop n. _ (复数) 11.drop _(过去式) 12.rise_(过去式) 13.blow_(过去式) 14.ring _(过去式) 15.throw_(过去式) 16.fight_(过去式) 17.sleep n./v. _(过去式) _(adj.困的) _ (adj.睡着的) 18.shine v._(过去式 ) _(adj.) 19.sudden_(adv.) 20 .excite v._ _(adj.) _ (n.) 21. snowman _(复数) 22.温度_ foggy sunny rainy snowy butterflies snowmen dropped rose blew rang threw fought sleepy shiny suddenly excited exciting temperature cloudy windy memories shade crops slept asleep shone excitement 1.The air is fresh after _(阵雨). 2. Sometimes my cat jumps _(在…之上) the table. 3.The girl _(落下) her glasses on the ground and they were broken. 4.At 2 p.m. yesterday, the temperature _(上升) to 10 _(度数). 5.We can see a lot of dark _(云) before it rains. 6.He had a high _(发烧) and _(咳嗽) a lot yesterday. 7.It was an _(糟糕的) day yesterday. 8. He _(打电话) you while you were doing your homework. showers upon dropped degrees rose clouds fever coughed awful rang 9.How strongly the wind _(吹) last night. 10.I felt _(sleep) on such a warm spring morning. 11.Sorry, I can’t hear you. Would you please speak a little _(大声地). 12.While _(扔) snowballs at each other, we _(尖叫) and laughed just now. 13.The temperature will be _(about) 0 during the day. 14.The weather was _ (terrible) last weekend in my city. 15.When I am at home alone, I feel a _ (little) lonely. blew sleepy louder throwing screamed awful bit around 1. The boy felt so _that he fell _at the desk in class. A. sleepy; asleep B. sleepy ; sleepy C. asleep, sleepy D. asleep; asleep 2. It will be snowy tomorrow and the temperature will be _ -8 _ 2 . A. from; to B. above; and C. below; and D. between; and 3. _days later, we still felt _ cold outside after it snowed A. A bit of; a little B. A few; a bit of C. A little; a bit of D. A few; a bit 4. The group of trees _some shade _us. A. provided; for B. provided; with C. offered; for D. offered; with 5. It is the best time _ football outside. A. to play B. play C. playing D. played 6. _, he hated living in the north of China because the temperatures were often _ between zero. A. In his twenties; in the twenties B. At his twenties; at the twenties C. In his twenties; in the twenty D. At the twenty; at the twenties 7. It’s summer now. The weather is getting _. A. higher and higher B. lower and lower C. hotter and hotter D. colder and colder 8. we must do what we can _ our Earth cleaner and safer. A. to make B. made C. making D. make 9. Amy _ her glasses. They _ on the floor and broke. A. dropped; dropped B. fell; fell C. fell; dropped D. dropped; fell 8A Unit 7 打赌,敢说 有雾的 有雨的 有雪的 蝴蝶 淋浴器,阵雨 记忆,回忆 阴凉处,树荫处 堆 在……之上 收获,收割 庄稼,收成 因为,随着 温度 下降;落下 上升,升起 bet foggy rainy snowy butterfly shower memory shade pile upon harvest crop as temperature drop rise 踢 发烧 咳嗽 糟糕的,很坏 暴风雪 到处,大约,围绕 阳光 休息,其余的部分 度数 一点,少量 吹,刮(风) 大声地,响亮的 环,戒指,给…打电话 雾 困倦的,瞌睡的 照耀,发光,光亮 kick fever cough awful snowstorm around sunshine rest degree bit blow loud ring fog sleepy shine 突然的 原因,导致,引起 打架,打仗 深的 令人兴奋的,激动人心的 投;扔 尖叫;惊叫 雪人 冰 到处 sudden cause fight deep exciting throw scream snowman ice everywhere $$