2025届高三英语一轮复习形容词和副词讲义

形容词和副词 考点一 　形容词和副词的用法 1．形容词的用法：修饰名词作定语；跟在系动词后作表语；跟在宾语后作宾补；还可用作状语。 2．副词的用法：修饰动词；修饰形容词或副词；修饰整个句子，单独作状语。 [重点]　有些副词如fortunately、luckily、surprisingly、honestly、actually、personally等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。 考点二 　　　形容词变副词的规则 类别 例词 直接加­ly clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很，大大地 以“辅音字母＋­y”结尾的形容词，变y为i再加­ly happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地 词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加­y（whole例外） terrible→terribly极度地 gentle→gently轻柔地 词尾为­ue的形容词，去掉e，再加­ly true→truly真实地 词尾为­ll的形容词，直接加­y full→fully充分地；完全地 dull→dully迟钝地 词尾为­ic的形容词，加­ally（public例外） basic→basically基本上 scientific→scientifically 合乎科学地 [名师点津]　单词以­ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词的有lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、timely等。 　　　　　 考点三 　　形容词和副词的比较等级 （一）比较级和最高级的构成 1．规则形式 （1）单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加­er、­est构成比较级和最高级，如hard—harder—hardest。（2）多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more、most构成。 active→more active→most active happily→more happily→most happily 具体变化见下表： 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 　 一般加­er或­est tall taller tallest long longer longest 以­e结尾的，只加­r或­st nice nicer nicest fine finer finest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加­er或­est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母加­y”结尾的，先变y为i再加­er或­est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词和多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most difficult beautiful more beautiful most beautiful [名师点津] （1）少数双音节词及以­er或­le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式：common→commoner/more common→commonest/most common。 （2）表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect、favorite等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 2．不规则形式 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most old older/elder oldest/eldest little less least far farther(具体) farthest(具体) further(抽象) furthest(抽象) 比较级表示最高级含义 1．“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。 *Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更好的故事。 2．比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义： （1）比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数； （2）比较级＋than＋all the other＋可数名词复数； （3）比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数 *The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。 比较级常见句型 倍数表达法 常见的倍数表达法结构主要有： 1．A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B； 2．A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B； 3．A＋is＋倍数＋the＋名词（size、length、height等）＋of＋B； 4．The＋名词（size、length、height等）＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B； 5．A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 *Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟对人们的健康有害，每年因吸烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。 语法填空：在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)， those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____56____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 【解析】根据空前的hot和空后的soup可知，此处应用 tasty的形容词形式tasty作定语修饰soup，表示 “美味的”的意思，故填tasty。 2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____64____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 【解析】该空用rare的副词形式rarely修饰enough，故填rarely。 3.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. 【解析】根据设空处前的and可知，本空与前文的comfortable并列，共同作feel的表语，故填confident。 4.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. 【解析】设空处修饰整个句子，故填副词Basically。 5.(2023年全国甲卷) ___67___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 【解析】设空处所在部分作表语，说明Carson’s story的情况。根据语境可知，此处表示 “与传统的寓言故事不同”，设空处应填形容词，又因设空处位于句首，故填Different。 6.(2023年全国乙卷) The ____69____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【解析】考查词性转换。设空处在句中作定语修饰名词development，应用形容词，故填remarkable， 意为 “显著的，非凡的”。 7. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell _______ (sleep) while watching TV. 【解析】作表语应用形容词，fall asleep可理解为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，故填asleep。 8. (2022年全国甲卷) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________(meaning). 【解析】此处是“make+宾语+宾补”复合结构，表示“使某人/某物……”，且前有副词even修饰，故应用形容词形式，故填meaningful。 9. (2021全国甲卷) …we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _______ (day) routines. 【解析】在名词routines前作定语，用形容词，daily routines表示“日常生活”，故填daily。 10. (2021全国乙卷) Provide _________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 【解析】在名词aid前作定语应用形容词，故填financial。 11. (2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷) I told him how _________(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 【解析】此处为how引导的感叹句，how后接形容词，故填harmful。 12. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s __________ (wonder). 【解析】在系动词is后作表语应用形容词，故填wonderful。 13. (2018全国Ⅰ卷) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always __________ (energy). 【解析】作表语要用形容词，表示“精力旺盛的，充满活力的”，故填energetic。 14. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) The __________ (beauty)long branches covered with pink-coloured buds (蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations. 【解析】与long并列修饰名词branches作定语，应用形容词，故填beautiful。 15. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷) In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. 【解析】在名词people前作定语，应用形容词，故填wealthy。 16. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) However, be ________(care) not to go to extremes. 【解析】作表语用形容词，故填careful。 17. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【解析】修饰动词achieve作状语，应用副词，故填eventually。 18. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 【解析】修饰动词slipped应用副词accidentally，表示“意外地，失误地”，故填accidentally。 19. (2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷) The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will _____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 【解析】修饰动词help，应用副词，故填undoubtedly。 20. (2019全国Ⅰ卷) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _______(poor) studied. 【解析】修饰动词studied作状语，应用副词，意为“研究很少”，故填poorly。 21. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Her years of hard work have _______ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 【解析】修饰动词have been acknowledged，应用副词，故填finally。 22. (2018全国Ⅱ卷)A taste for meat is _________(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. 【解析】修饰动词(is)作状语，用副词，故填actually。 23. (2020全国Ⅰ卷) Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging. 【解析】修饰形容词challenging，用副词，故填extremely。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$