Unit4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 1 Teaching objectives By the end of the class, you will be able to: identify the language features of literary journalism and the structure of the text. 01 02 03 appreciate the figures of speech and writing skills used in the text. 04 learn about the basic information of the Tangshan earthquake. grasp and use some words and phrases describing a natural disaster. Can you guess what happened during a big earthquake? Buildings_____________ fell down People were_________________________ trapped or buried The water pipes_____________________________ cracked and burst The city was____________and lay_________ destroyed in ruins 3 THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP Tangshan July 28, 1976 The Night the Earth didn’t Sleep What do we know from the photos? What does the title mean? Does the earth sleep as you do? Who are these people? What are they doing? What might happen on the night? What do you think the text is mainly about? 5 While-reading 6 Skimming for main information. Read the text carefully and then write down the main idea of each paragraph. Paragraph1:Warning signs before the earthquakes. Paragraph2:______________________________ Paragraph3:______________________________ Paragraph4:______________________________ Paragraph5:______________________________ The happening of the big earthquake. The immediate effects of the earthquake. The rescue work. The revival of the city . during the earthquake after the earthquake before the earthquake 2. How are the events arranged? In time order. 7 Task 2: Find out the writing order of this text Time order several days ago at 3:00am at 3:42am later that afternoon after the quakes before earthquake during earthquake after earthquake Strange things were happening In the village wells In the farmyard In the field In the sky What was the attitude of the people in the city towards those strange things? But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night. People ignored the warning signs ignorant [ˈɪɡnərənt] Para1. Strange things were happening. Supporting details be ignorant of/about sth (对某事物)不了解； 无知/愚昧/无学识的 water, deep crakes, smelly gas chiken, pigs, dogs, mice, fish bright lights, loud noises, 2....the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell... figure of speech: Repetition重复 Function: to make the description more vivid and involve the readers in the atmosphere 10 At _________, everything began to shake. ____________ of the nation felt the earthquake. A huge crack that was _______ kilometres long and _____ metres wide cut across houses. In less than___ minute, a large city lay in ruins. ___________ of the people died or were injured during the earthquake. The number of people who were killed or badly injured reached more than ________. All of the city’s hospitals, _____ of its factories and buildings and _____ of its homes were gone. 3:42 a.m. One third eight 30 one Two thirds 400,000 75% 90% How did people feel at that time? shocked Supporting details What's the function of the figures? To show the disastrous destruction and suffering; to make the passage true and convincing. Para2. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. 12 Para2. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. 在我心中，最受人尊敬的老师之一是我的班主任，(一个老师)他曾在我遇到问题时帮助了我渡过难关。 respectable In my heart/eyes, one of the most respectable teachers is my headteacher, a teacher who assisted me when I was in trouble. aided me to overcome difficulties. 13 What was the people’s feeling at that time? People felt hopeless at that time. Para3. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. factories, buildings and homes,hospitals bricks bridges, railway tracks cows, pigs,chickens water, food,electricity Supporting details sand, well 15 Para4. But hope was not lost. who what result hopeful Supporting details soldiers doctors and nurses workers to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead came to provide medical service build shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed the city began to breathe again 17 I think the revival of Tangshan was helped by the strong support of the government and the people who all worked in unity to rebuild the city even better than before. Para5 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city? 18 The change of people's feeling ignorant shocked hopeless hopeful before the earthquake during the earthquake after the earthquake when the rescue came 19 1.① The night the earth didn’t sleep. ②Slowly, the city began to breathe again. Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.  2....the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell... Reading for language features and writing skills figure of speech: personification 拟人 Function: to make the language vivid and expressive, and resonate with readers. figure of speech: Repetition重复 Function: to make the description more vivid and involve the readers in the atmosphere resonate vi. 产生共鸣；使产生联想 Appreciate the figures of speech(修辞手法) used in the text. 20 3. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.  拟人personification就是赋予物以人的言语属性。由breathe可知，本句使用拟人修辞手法，把city描写得栩栩如生，使读者感受到这座遭受过巨大创伤的城市开始复活，对这座城市充满了希望。 4. Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.  使用拟人personification修辞手法，赋予了唐山这座城市生命，并且凭借自己的力量站立起来，体现了人们面对灾难时坚强不屈的毅力魄力。 3. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. 4. ①Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. ②Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Reading for language features and writing skills figure of speech: ①simile明喻②metaphor 暗喻 Function: to make the description more vivid. figure of speech: exaggeration夸张 Function: to show the destruction was extremely severe. 22 1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 明喻simile是用另一种事物比喻要说明的事物，通过比喻词将两者联系起来。常见的比喻词有like, as, as if, as though, seem和as ... as ...等。本句使用了明喻修辞手法，coming to an end让读者真切地感受到地震的强度和破坏性。 2. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. 由like可知，本句使用明喻修辞手法。将满地的bricks比喻为red autumn leaves（红色的秋叶），呈现出一片狼藉的景象，渲染出悲伤的氛围。but转折的使用及“没有风可以吹走”更让读者体会到灾难面前人们的无助和无力。 1. What kind of text is it? The type of writing of the text is literary journalism. 报告 Literary journalism usually describes real historical events and real characters. The usage of the figures of speech can stimulate readers' feelings and thus touch the readers. (纪实性)报告文学，要遵循真实性原则，但又要有别于新闻的简明扼要和文学创作的虚构。 文中的数据data的使用，体现了纪实性的特色，增加了事件的真实感。还有一些与时间有关的数字，不仅准确描述了地震发生的过程，而且还营造出一种灾难发生时，其步步紧逼和让人无暇喘息的紧张氛围。 News report Literature Literary journalism identify the language features of literary journalism 24 After-reading 25 Wenchuan county and some other towns near Wenchuan have the similar experiences. These towns were built up from the ruins. As well as developing better ways to detect and prepare for these disasters, we have learnt that acting quickly and in unity is the best way to get over such disasters. The strong support from government and people around are also very important. Discussion What other cities or towns have gone through similar changes? What lessons can we learn from these events? 26 Live to tell: Raising awareness, reducing mortality. 用生命呼吁： 增强减灾意识，减少人员伤亡。 Suffering develops our extraordinary role, not to bow to the disaster, but to be strong. — Balzac 苦难培养我们这种非凡的作用：不向暴风雨低头，灾难来了，也能处之泰然。 ——巴尔扎克 27 What would you do if a big earthquake hit your city? Don’t panic or run in a hurry. Calm down and… Hide in a corner of the house. Turn off the gas. Keep away from the power lines, signs and buildings. Use something hard to protect your head. Never try to use the lift. During an earthquake (outdoors) Go to a(n) ________ space away from ________, ________ or power lines. After an earthquake (if you’re trapped) Use a(n) _________ to get help. Tap on a pipe or _________ or whistle for help. open buildings trees cell phone a wall n.电力;能量;力量 v.&n.轻敲;水龙头 n.管子 v.&n.吹口哨;哨子 Before an earthquake Make a safety list of _________, __________ and _____________. During an earthquake (in a building) Remember to “________, ________ and ________”. what to do where to go who to contact drop cover hold on Having an emergency kit prepared is also very important. Look at the emergency supplies below. Discuss with a partner what else you would add. Prepare An Emergency Kit n.成套工具 water food radio flashlight cell phone knife glove match Other items Emergency Supplies whistle first aid kit n.&v.援助 How to prepare emergency food supply? Plan to have at least a 3-day supply of food. Have a long storage-life. Require no cooking, water, or refrigeration. Meet the needs of babies, pets, or other family members who are on special diets. They are not very salty or spicy, as these foods increase the need for drinking water. Run out of the building as fast as you can. If you can’t get out immediately, hide below your desk quickly. If you’re on the playground, do not move, protect your head by your hands. Stay away from the tall buildings, power lines, trees… … 1. Chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进屋。 Important sentences (P50)  The child is too young to dress himself. 可转化为如下句型：  The shoes are too small for him to wear. 可转化为如下句型： Compare and Find The child is not old enough to dress himself. The child is so young that he can’t dress himself. The shoes are not big enough for him to wear. The shoes are so small that he can’t wear them. too ... to ... 表示否定： “太……以至于不能……”，可转化为 not ... enough to ... 和 so ... that ...。  too ＋adj / adv＋to do 是 too ... to ... 的最基本的常用句型。 Summary  too ... to ... 表示肯定：too 前含有表示否定意义的词，如not, never, nothing等时；too 前出现only时；too 后接的是表示情感的形容词，如glad, pleased, happy, sad等时。 Compare and Find  They are all too satisfied to go and do this work.  One is never too old to learn.  English is not too difficult to learn. 他们全都很满意地去做这项工作。 活到老,学到老。 英语并不难学。 1. 分子 (molecules) 太小，看不见。 2. 这辆小汽车太贵，他买不起。 3. 这本书读起来并没有那么难。 4. 听到她爸爸要回来的消息，她太开心了。 The molecules are much too small to see / to be seen. The car is too expensive for him to buy.  It was not too challenging to read this book. She is too delighted to hear the news that her father will come back. 即学即用 Important sentences (P50) Important sentences (P50) 句型 2. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ it seems as if / though ... 看起来……；似乎…… 注意：as if / though 常用于引导表语从句或状语从句，从句中既可以用虚拟语气也可以用陈述语气，要看具体情况而定。  拓展： it seems that ... 看起来…… = it appears that … 整个句子为“主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语”结构 Compare and Find 1. It seems as if it were autumn.  2. It seems as if it were spring already.  3. It seems as if he knew everything.  4. It seems as if she had read this novel. 5. It seems as if she had been to England.  6. It seems as if they had never seen each other before. 7. It seems as if he would never return back. 8. It seems as if she could win this game. 9. It seems as if it would be the end of the world. it seems as if / though ... 看起来……；似乎…… 时间       从句中谓语动词形式   与现在事实相反 动词过去式 (be 用 were) 与过去事实相反 had + 动词过去分词 与将来事实相反 would / should / might / could + 动词原形 it seems as if / though ... 看起来……；似乎…… 即学即用 Important sentences (P50) 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1. Why is he looking at me as if he ________ (know) me? I’ve never seen him before. 2. He talks about Rome as if he ________ (be) there before． 3. He opened his mouth as if he __________(say) something. knew would say had been 4. The stuffed dog barked as if it __________(be) a real one. were 即学即用 Important sentences (P50) 翻译句子。 1. 似乎除了我之外别人都知道。 2. 他显得镇静自若，遇事不惊。 3. 看来，他们知道自己在干什么。 It seems as if everybody knew it except me. He looked as if nothing could shake him. It seems that they know what they’re doing. (it seems as if / though…)  (look as if …)  (it seems that…)  Important sentences (P50) 连词 5. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. 幸存者看到的到处都是废墟。 everywhere ... 无论哪里……都…… (everywhere在句中用作连词，引导状语从句，相当于wherever)  Everywhere we go, we hear people predicting the election results.  Everywhere they appeared, they were welcomed with applause and flowers. 词块 nothing but 只是；仅仅  In the room I found nothing but an old table.  Last evening I did nothing but repaired my farm tools. 1. His dog follows him everywhere he goes.      2. I can’t find my pen though I’ve looked everywhere.   3. Everywhere seemed silent. 在句子1中 everywhere用作_________，引导状语从句，意为__________ 在句子2中 everywhere用作_________，意为____________ 在句子3中 everywhere用作_________，作主语，意为______________ 无论何处 到处；处处 每个地方 Compare and Find everywhere adv. pron. conj. pron. conj. adv. 即学即用 Important sentences (P50) 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1.______________(无论走到哪里),I shall never forget the fact that I am a Chinese. 2. Everywhere we went ________________(挤满了人). 翻译句子。 他什么都不需要，只需要母亲的安慰。 Everywhere I go was full of tourists He needs nothing but the comfort from his mother． Every human being has a basic instinct: to help each other out. If a hiker gets lost in the mountains, people will coordinate a search. If a train crashes, people will line up to give blood. If an earthquake levels a city, people all over the world will send emergency supplies. This is so fundamentally human that it’s found in every culture without exception.—The Martian 每个人都有一种基本的本能：会互相帮助走出困境。 若远足者在山里迷路了,会有人组织搜救。 若火车撞车了,人们会排着队去献血。 若有一座城市被一场地震夷为平地，全世界的人都会输送应急物资。 这是基本的人性，每种文化都是这样，无一例外。——《火星救援》 I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. If a snowslide strikes, skiers can be ________ (bury) alive by snow. 2. It's so airless in here — I can hardly ________ (breath). 3. An economic ________ (revive) is sweeping the country. 4. The tower was made of ________ (brick). 5. Many kinds of ________ (metal) are used to make the parts of this machine. buried breathe revival bricks   metals    In some countries, rescue workers are not necessarily working for the government. They work for non-profit organizations whose mission is to help people suffering from emergencies (natural disasters or other emergencies). These organizations are often supported by private donors, companies or individual donations. They will often fundraise in wealthy countries during large natural disasters in poorer countries. Rescue workers Retell the passage. In the city of Tangshan, Hebei in 1976, strange things were happening. People heard strange noises and saw bright lights in the sky and animals were afraid. Then, in the early hours of the morning of July 28, the earth shook. Nearly a third of China felt one of the biggest earthquakes in the twentieth century. In less than one minute Tangshan was in ruins and more than 400,000 people were killed or injured.In the afternoon another quake shook Tangshan again. But then the army, doctors, nurses and workers all came to help. They rescued the trapped people, brought water and food for the survivors, provided medical care and built shelters. Slowly, Tangshan began to recover. Now, the new city has revived and shown the world the wisdom to stay positive. II. 根据汉语意思补全下面句子。 1. 她的姥姥患有遗忘症。 Her grandmother is _______________ loss of memory. 2. 你应该把更多的努力投入到你的工作中。 You should ____________________ your work. 3. 你能联系上下文猜出这个单词的意思吗？ Can you guess ____________________________________? 4. 在15秒钟之内，一座大城市就沦为了一片废墟。 In fifteen seconds a large city _______________. suffering from put more effort into the meaning of the word from the context lay in ruins III. 英汉互译。 1. 刚才他表现得好像什么也没发生过。 2. 灾难的新闻让我们所有人震惊。 3. 目前为止，四分之三的人已经被救援。 4. They were trapped in the burning hotel. 5. The ice cracked as I stepped onto it. He behaved as if nothing had happened just now. News of the disaster left us all in shock. By now, three fourths of the people have been rescued. 他们被困在着火的旅馆里。 我一踏上冰层，冰就裂开了。 Home-work 1.Summarize the passage. 2.Do some research on other natural disasters by surfing the Internet and make a report. 52 Thank you! 53 $$