专题03 阅读理解之议论文（期末真题好题速递）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题03 阅读理解之议论文 （一） （23-24高一上·广东广州·期末）Before the age of the smartphone, not everyone had cameras and it took skills and a good eye to capture and create a great photograph. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all amateur photographers, and pretty good ones at that, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras. The new ease of photography has given us a strong desire for capturing the magical and the ordinary. We are obsessed (痴迷的) with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat — or the cat’s breakfast. Cameras are everywhere — a situation that is transforming the way we experience dramatic events. With cameras observing most urban centers, have we gotten to the point where cameras don’t need photographers and photographers don’t even need cameras? When there are political events or natural disasters, it is ordinary citizens with cell phones not photojournalists who often provide the first news images. Quality still matters, but it’s less important than what’s relevant and instantly shared. Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Yet photography has always more stories than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and out of the frame. Images can also be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Such images may be more useful in communicating how the people behind the camera felt than in documenting what was actually in front of the camera. It’s not clear whether this flowering of image making will lead to a public that better appreciates and understands images or simply numb us to the deep effects a well-made image can have. But the change is unavoidable. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists. 1．What makes us all amateur photographers? A．That it takes no skills to take photographs B．That cell phones provide great convenience. C．That we are more attracted to creating images. D．That professional standards appear to be falling. 2．How are digital cameras changing our life? A．We may get the latest images more easily. B．Natural disasters can be detected in advance. C．Photographers no longer need to carry a camera. D．People pay more attention to the quality of photos. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The creative functions of camera apps. B．The attractive features of digital images. C．The negative reviews about artistic images. D．The subjective factors behind photographs. 4．What can we learn about “visual language” in the last paragraph? A．It can be both used in writing poetry and shopping. B．It will contribute to our ability to appreciate images. C．It has a great influence on the development of the universe. D．It offers us a new tool of communication to express ourselves. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了随着手机的广泛使用，摄影也被重新定义，成为一种视觉的语言。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all amateur photographers, and pretty good ones at that, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.(今天，随着我们的智能手机上有大量的摄像应用程序，我们都是业余摄影师，而且是相当不错的业余摄影师，因为现在智能手机图像的质量几乎等同于数码相机。)”可知，由于智能手机中各种各样的照相软件，我们都成了业余摄影师，因此推知，是手机提供的极大便利让我们都成了业余摄影师。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat—or the cat’s breakfast.( 我们痴迷于记录每天的时刻，无论是我们的早餐还是我们的猫——或猫的早餐的镜头。)”以及第四段中“When there are political events or natural disasters, it is ordinary citizens with cell phones--not photojournalists—who often provide the first news images. (当发生政治事件或自然灾害时，提供第一手新闻图片的往往是拿着手机的普通公民，而不是摄影记者。)”可推知，数字相机可以让人们更容易获取最新的影像，改变了我们的生活。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Yet photography has always more stories than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions—where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and out of the frame. Images can also be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look.(在数字图像出现之前，大多数人相信照片能够准确地反映现实。然而，摄影的故事总是比我们想象的要多。每一张照片都是一系列决定的结果——站在哪里，用什么镜头，镜头里面和镜头外面应该留下什么。图像也可以被着色、加亮、褪色和刮花，以使照片更具艺术性，或使它们看起来像古董。)”可知，本段讲述了照片背后的故事总是比我们想象的要多，人们还可以对照片进行修饰，以便传达摄影人的感受，因此推断本段主要讲述每张照片的背后都有很多的主观因素。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第最后一段中“Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.(也许我们正在见证一种通用视觉语言的发展，一种可以改变我们彼此关系和世界的方式。当然，就像任何一种语言一样，总会有人写诗，也有人写购物清单。)”可知，visual language可以提供给我们一种新的表达自己的交流工具。故选D。 （二） （23-24高一上·山西朔州·期末）Children should do housework. That’s a controversial (有争议的) idea, though not everyone will admit it. A few parents will say that their children are too busy for housework. Many more of us assign (分派) housework, or say we believe in them, but the housework just doesn’t get done. That’s a problem. For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their emotional well-being. One small study, done over a period of 25 years, found that the best predictor (预测) for young adults’ success in their mid-20s was whether they participated in household tasks at age 3 or 4. Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives. But for all that their help matters, few kids are doing much around the house at all. In a survey of 1,000 American adults, 75 percent said they believed regular housework made kids “more responsible”. Yet while 82 percent reported having had regular housework growing up, only 56 percent of those with children said they required them to do housework. Sports and homework are not get-out-of-housework-free cards. The goal, after all, is to raise adults who can balance a caring role in their families and communities with whatever lifetime achievement goals they choose. Housework teaches that balance. What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right. Can a payment help? Maybe. But if you’re trying to teach kids to share the responsibility of a home, paying them for routine housework is not the right message. 5．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．Very few children get housework done. B．Children are very busy with housework. C．Housework is a must-do for parents. D．Family members should respect each other. 6．What is found in the small study? A．Housework helps a man live a happy life. B．A man’s success depends on his housework. C．Housework benefits a sense of responsibility. D．A child must start doing housework at Age 3. 7．What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph? A．Balance housework and study. B．Help the child do housework positively. C．Do housework by themselves. D．Pay the child for housework. 8．What is the best title of the text? A．Adults Do Less Housework in the US B．Housework Matters to Children. C．Parents Words Speak Louder D．Children Need More Care at Home 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要以“孩子要做家务”为话题，通过研究和事例，论证做家务对孩子成长的重要性，鼓励家长督促孩子多参与家务活，培养责任意识。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many more of us assign (分派) housework, or say we believe in them, but the housework just doesn’t get done.(我们中有更多的人会分配家务，或者说我们相信家务，但家务只是没有被作。)”可推断，尽管分派了家务活，但是很少有孩子真正去做。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives.(这些早期共同承担的责任延伸到了他们生活中其他领域的责任感。)”可知，该研究发现做家务活有助于孩子们培养责任意识。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right.(当你让孩子做家务时，你应该怎么做？不要接受任何借口。如果你必须一遍又一遍地重复，也不要担心。如果你花在让孩子做这件事上的时间比你自己做这件事的时间还多，那么你做得对。)”可知，作者建议家长给孩子分派家务活时不接受孩子的任何托词，积极帮助孩子做家务。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段首句“Children should do housework.(孩子们应该做家务。)”为该文的核心话题，第二段“For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their emotional well-being.(首先，做家务对孩子有好处。作为日常家务的一部分，帮助孩子们培养对他人需求的认识，同时也有助于他们的情感健康。)”论述了做家务可以给孩子带来的好处，由此可知，本文主要论述做家务活对孩子成长的重要性，助力孩子的责任意识，因此最好的标题是B选项“Housework Matters to Children.(家务对孩子很重要。)”。故选B。 （三） （23-24高一上·广西北海·期末）Running is one of the most popular sports in the UK. But for many runners, the real reason we head out to beat the roads until our legs hurt is more intangible (无形的) than weight loss or fitness. Many runners become interested in times. They try to break the 40-minute barrier for the 10K, or run under four hours for the marathon. Yet, really, these times are almost meaningless. And as soon as they are achieved, another target is thrown out almost immediately. The times are only the carrots we put in front of ourselves. But why do we put them there in the first place? Nobody ever gives a wise answer. Deep down, we all know the answer. Running brings us joy. Watch small children when they are excited, at play, and mostly they can’t stop running. As we run, we begin to sense that childish joy, which is born to live a wilder existence. As we run, the layers of responsibility and identity we have gathered in our lives, father, mother, lawyer, teacher, all fall away, leaving us with the raw human being. If we push on, running harder, deeper into the loneliness, further away from the world and the structure of our lives, we begin to feel strangely excited, separated yet at the same time connected, to ourselves. With nothing but our own two legs moving us, we begin to get a sense of who, or what, we really are. After a long run, everything seems right in the world. Everything is at peace. To experience this is a powerful feeling, strong enough to have us coming back, again and again, for more. 9．Why does the author think setting time goals is almost meaningless? A．Those time goals are used to exchange carrots. B．Those time goals can’t be achieved without efforts. C．People will be never satisfied with the easily achieved time goals. D．There will always be a new time goal once the former one is achieved. 10．What’s the author’s attitude towards running? A．Positive. B．Passive. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 11．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Breaking records. B．Running for the marathon. C．Feeling lonely after running. D．Feeling peaceful after a long run. 12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Running to Be the Real You B．Running to Lose Weight C．Running to Become an Adult D．Running to Achieve Success 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．D 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是跑步不仅能减肥，保持健康，更多的意义在于挑战自我、净化心灵，给人们带来快乐、兴奋、平静。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet, really, these times are almost meaningless. And as soon as they are achieved, another target is thrown out almost immediately.(然而，说真的，这些时间几乎毫无意义。一旦达到目标，另一个目标几乎立即被抛出。)”可知，作者认为不断设立新目标几乎毫无意义，因为目标一旦实现，就会马上设立下一个新目标。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Running brings us joy.(跑步带给我们快乐。)”，第四段“As we run, we begin to sense that childish joy, which is born to live a wilder existence.(当我们奔跑的时候，我们开始感受到那种孩子般的快乐，这种快乐是为更狂野的生活而生的。)”以及第五段“After a long run, everything seems right in the world. Everything is at peace.(经过一段漫长的长跑，世界上的一切似乎都很正常。一切都很平静。)”可知，作者认为跑步能给我们带来快乐、兴奋、平静，让我们抛弃杂念，变成纯粹的自己，作者对跑步的态度是积极的。故选A。 11．词句猜测题。划线词上文“After a long run, everything seems right in the world. Everything is at peace.(经过一段漫长的长跑，世界上的一切似乎都很正常。一切都很平静。)”提到长跑之后，世界上的一切似乎都是对的。一切都很平静。所以句中“To experience this”中的“this”指的就是长跑之后的这种一切都对，一切都很平静的体验。故选D。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段“Running brings us joy.(跑步带给我们快乐。)”，第四段“As we run, we begin to sense that childish joy, which is born to live a wilder existence.(当我们奔跑的时候，我们开始感受到那种孩子般的快乐，这种快乐是为更狂野的生活而生的。)”以及第五段“After a long run, everything seems right in the world. Everything is at peace.(经过一段漫长的长跑，世界上的一切似乎都很正常。一切都很平静。)”可知，本文主要讲的是跑步不仅能减肥，保持健康，更多的意义在于挑战自我、净化心灵，给人们带来快乐、兴奋、平静。A选项“Running to Be the Real You(跑步去做真实的自己)”表达了跑步深层的意义，适合作为标题。故选A。 （四） （23-24高一上·重庆长寿·期末）Last summer, the story about a CEO who encouraged employees to take mental health days spread online. It led to many media stories about the importance of taking care of your mental health including taking a mental health day when you need one. But what about kids? Should you let your child take a mental health day from school? The answer isn’t a simple yes or no. It’s important for kids to power through some discomfort, like going to school even when they’re afraid of giving a presentation, or when they don’t have their math homework done. There’s a lot of value in showing them that they’re stronger than they think. But when they’re feeling so bad that they’re struggling to function, and going to school is likely to make it worse, a mental health day might be just what the doctor ordered. Letting kids take the occasional(偶尔的) mental health day-maybe once or twice a year-could make them believe that taking care of their minds is vital, just as they should take care of their bodies. It can also be a great opportunity to help them sharpen their emotional skills and build the mental muscles they need to stay strong. A good way to spend a mental health day is to use the time to do the following things. Solve a problem. If your child is stressed out by a specific problem, you might be able to turn a mental health day into a problem-solving opportunity. Practice self-care. If your child is exhausted or overworked, an occasional day off may help him recuperate. It could be an opportunity to develop healthier habits, like going to sleep earlier, eating nutritious (有营养的)food, and getting plenty of exercise. See a professional. If your child is struggling to attend school, seek professional help. Schedule an appointment with your pediatrician(儿科医生)to talk about your child’s mental health needs. A physician may refer you to a mental health professional if it’s necessary. 13．What did people do after reading the story about a CEO? A．They decided to take more days off work. B．They realized mental health needs care too. C．They decided to read some media stories about him. D．They became worried about employees’ mental health. 14．Which of the following shows the author’s opinion? A．All children need a mental health day. B．Kids need a mental health day less than adults. C．Schools should arrange regular mental health days. D．A mental health day is sometimes necessary for children. 15．What does the underlined word “recuperate” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Recover. B．Think. C．Sleep. D．Exercise. 16．What would be the best title for the text? A．When do kids need mental health days? B．Why do people need mental health days? C．How can kids make use of mental health days? D．Should kids be allowed to take mental health days? 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．A 16．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章就“是否应该让孩子休心理健康假”展开论述，并列出了一些休心理健康假时可以做的事。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“It led to many media stories about the importance of taking care of your mental health including taking a mental health day when you need one.(这引发了许多媒体关于照顾心理健康重要性的报道，包括在需要的时候安排一个心理健康日。)”可知，在看来CEO的故事后，引发了许多媒体关于照顾心理健康的重要性的报道。由此可知，人们意识到了需要照顾心理健康。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Letting kids take the occasional(偶尔的) mental health day-maybe once or twice a year-could make them believe that taking care of their minds is vital, just as they should take care of their bodies. It can also be a great opportunity to help them sharpen their emotional skills and build the mental muscles they need to stay strong.(让孩子们偶尔参加一次心理健康活动——也许一年一两次——可以让他们相信，照顾好自己的心理很重要，就像他们应该照顾好自己的身体一样。这也是一个很好的机会，可以帮助他们磨练情绪技巧，锻炼他们保持强壮所需的心理肌肉。)”可知，作者认为孩子们需要偶尔参加一次心理健康活动。故选D项。 15．词义猜测题。根据文章第六段“If your child is exhausted or overworked, an occasional day off may help him recuperate. (如果你的孩子精疲力竭或过度劳累，偶尔休息一天可以帮助他恢复。)”可知，前面if引导的条件状语从句中提到了“如果孩子精疲力竭或过度劳累”，后面又提到“偶尔休息一天可以帮助recuperate”；根据常识可知，休息可以让人从精疲力竭或过度劳累的状态中“恢复”过来；由此可推知，recuperate与“恢复”意义相近。recuperate为动词，表示“恢复、复原”，与recover互为同义表达。故选A项。 16．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的“But what about kids? Should you let your child take a mental health day from school? The answer isn’t a simple yes or no.(但是孩子们呢？你应该让你的孩子从学校请一天心理健康假吗？答案不是简单的是或不是。)”可知，本文主要围绕“是否应该让孩子休心理健康假”展开论述；文章第三段给出了休心理健康假的好处；第四、五、六、七段则列出了一些孩子在休心理健康假时可以做的事。由此可知，D项“Should kids be allowed to take mental health days?(应该允许孩子们休心理健康假吗?)”最能概括本文内容。故选D项。 （五） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive. Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid. Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 17．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Words have a great effect on us. B．Encouraging words give us confidence. C．Negative words may let us down. D．Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us. 18．Why is there no need for us to feel ashamed when we talk to ourselves? A．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves. B．Talking to ourselves can have positive effect on us. C．Talking to ourselves always gives us courage. D．It does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. 19．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．Make ourselves relaxed. B．Remind ourselves. C．Praise ourselves. D．Give ourselves happiness. 20．What can we learn from the text? A．Encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers. B．Negative words may inspire us to make more progress. C．It is better to think twice before talking to others. D．People tend to remember friendly words. 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．C 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章强调了言语的力量，指出无论是对别人的言语还是自言自语，积极和消极的影响都是持久的，因此对自己说话时应及时给予表扬，对他人说话时应意识到自己的言语对他人的影响，三思而后行。 17．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. (俗话说：“棍棒和石头可以打断我的骨头，但言语永远伤害不了我。”然而，事实并非如此。语言的力量可以建立我们，也可以让我们崩溃。不管这些话是别人说的还是我们自己说的，积极和消极的影响都是一样持久的。)”可知，本段主要说明了言语对我们有很大的积极的或消极的影响。故选A项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. (事实上，我们真的不应该害怕，因为越来越多的专家认为大声自言自语是一种健康的习惯。)”和第三段中“This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. (这种“自我对话”可以帮助我们激励自己，记住事情，解决问题，让自己冷静下来。)”可知，当我们自言自语时，我们没有必要感到羞耻，因为这对我们有积极的影响，有益于我们的心理健康。故选B项。 19．词句猜测题。根据画线句的上文“So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. (因此，为了保持积极，我们应该只对自己说鼓励的话。)”和下文“The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” (下次当你完成一个项目，在考试中取得好成绩，或者终于打扫你的房间时，和我一起说“干得好！”)”可知，此处先提出自言自语的内容应该是鼓励的话，然后举例说明当自己做得好的时候，可以对自己说“干得好！”这样的话。由此推知，画线句应该是建议我们立即给自己一个表扬，即Praise ourselves“表扬自己”。故选C项。 20．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. (通常，话从我们嘴里说出来，我们没有考虑它们会有什么影响。但我们应该意识到，我们的话会引起别人的某些反应。)”、倒数第二段中“Words have power because of their lasting effect. (言语的力量在于它的持久效果。)”和最后一段中“Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. (言语具有力量：积极的和消极的。当我们积极地说话时，我们周围的人会受到鼓励。我们可以提供希望，建立自尊，激励他人做到最好。消极的话语摧毁了所有这些。)”可知，我们常常在说话时忘记言语的力量，但言语的确有或积极的，或消极的持久影响，深刻地影响他人。由此可知，和别人说话前我们最好三思而后行。故选C项。 （六） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）A recent study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that while sportsmanship among players has improved over the years, sportsmanship in the fans and parents has reduced. It has always interested me why people in the stands often feel they have invested more than the actual participants. Is it the time and money invested into private lessons and travel teams? Is it the college scholarship we need our children to earn? Is it the fear of seeing our kids fail? In any event, we, as parents and fans, should all take a step back and determine if we are helping our kids, or undermining the experience. As a father of four kids who enjoys participating in athletics, I have to remind myself that it is okay when my kid misses a shot, strikes out, or doesn’t play good enough defense. That fact is, it is their game and their experience, and my playing days are over. A good reminder for me when I feel that my kid needs my advice from the stands comes from the great John Wooden, basketball player and head coach at the University of California at Los Angeles. He once said, “Young people need models, not critics (批判者) .” Instead of being upset with what my kid is not doing well, or how an official has “cheated” our team, I should focus on helping my kid learn to respect the other team. I should watch my language and the negative comments that could come from my mouth. I should respect the officials and not argue every call that is made. Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose. Life is tough, and life is not fair. Like life, sports are tough and not always fair. Yet sports can be a wonderful training ground for life’s challenges. Just like we win some and lose some in sports, we also deal with plenty of successes, challenges and failures in our lives. Let’s try to be good sports in both the winning and losing situations and during our successes, challenges and failures. 21．Why does the author mention NCAA’s recent study? A．To introduce the topic of sportsmanship. B．To prove the reduction of sportsmanship. C．To stress the experience of sportsmanship D．To show the improvement of sportsmanship 22．What does the underlined word “invested” mean in paragraph 1? A．Profited. B．Absorbed. C．Devoted. D．Harvested. 23．What should parents do to encourage sportsmanship according to the text? A．Express deep concern about the other teams’ skills. B．Make positive comments on their kids’ performance. C．Back their kids’ team whatever the result of athletics is. D．Respect the other players’ honor whatever cheating happens. 24．Which words can best describe the author? A．Modest and demanding. B．Strict and responsible. C．Kind and warm-hearted. D．Understanding and broad-minded. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．C 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是美国大学体育协会最近进行的一项研究表明，虽然多年来运动员的体育精神有所提高，但球迷和父母的体育精神却有所下降，作者在文中讲了父母应该如何保持体育精神。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段的“A recent study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that while sportsmanship among players has improved over the years, sportsmanship in the fans and parents has reduced.(美国大学体育协会最近进行的一项研究表明，虽然多年来运动员的体育精神有所提高，但球迷和父母的体育精神却有所下降。)”可知，作者提到NCAA最近的研究的目的是引出体育精神这一主题。故选A。 22．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Is it the time and money invested into private lessons and travel teams?(是在私人课程和旅行团队上投入的时间和金钱吗？)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“我一直很感兴趣的是，为什么看台上的人总是觉得他们比实际的参与者投入了更多”，invest的意思是“投入”，和devote意思相近，故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose.(也许最重要的是，我应该支持我孩子的球队，无论输赢。)”可知，父母应该无论比赛结果如何，都支持他们孩子的球队。故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Instead of being upset with what my kid is not doing well, or how an official has “cheated” our team, I should focus on helping my kid learn to respect the other team. I should watch my language and the negative comments that could come from my mouth. I should respect the officials and not argue every call that is made. Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose.(应该专注于帮助我的孩子学会尊重另一个团队，而不是为我的孩子做得不好，或者一个裁判员如何“欺骗”了我们的团队而烦恼。我应该注意我的语言和可能从我嘴里发出的负面评论。我应该尊重裁判员，而不是对每一个判罚都进行争论。也许最重要的是，我应该支持我孩子的球队，无论输赢。)”可知，作者是善解人意，心胸开阔的，即understanding和broad-minded。故选D。 （七） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said. In the UK, outsiders often get confused when they realise that a person making rude comments was actually showing love. In situations like this, context is everything. Likewise, in China, outsiders must infer most meaning from context and from what is not said, rather than from what is. Otherwise, misunderstandings happen. The UK and China contexts share further cultural features, which greatly influence how people communicate, including the cultural trait (特点) of non-conflict. The British will do everything to avoid conflict. They will probably tell the waiter it was lovely even when served with poor quality food. This cultural trait can cause major misunderstandings. For example, a British business partner who is deeply unhappy with your proposal will probably say “there are just a couple of small concerns,” rather than telling you that the entire proposal is unsatisfactory. Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. Often challenges, errors, mistakes, or problems remain completely taboos (禁忌) as topics of discussion, even though everyone knows of their existence. Instead, people talk about working towards further goals or objectives, rather than directly admit that the current situation is far from satisfactory. Likewise, Chinese people like to keep a sense of harmony within all environments, and so avoid open criticism of each other. This is very similar to the way that a British person might tell you a colleague “is very confident” rather than that they are rude. In this sense, the British and Chinese can appreciate each other for harmony. 25．What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2? A．Polite comments are encouraged. B．Learning what is not said is difficult. C．Context is important in communication. D．Misunderstandings often happen among outsiders. 26．What will the British and the Chinese probably both agree with? A．Talking over taboos in discussions. B．Preventing misunderstandings in work. C．Avoiding discussing one’s mistakes in public. D．Making use of cultural traits in communication. 27．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using figures. B．By making comparison. C．By listing reasons. D．By making classifications. 28．Which is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Cultural Context B．Conflict Prevention C．Cultural Differences D．Communication Puzzles 【答案】25．C 26．C 27．B 28．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过比较具体的情境，认为中英两国容易出现交流难题。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In situations like this, context is everything. (在这种情况下，语境决定一切。)”可知，在交流中语境是非常重要的。故选C项。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. ( 中国的沟通也表现出非常相似的冲突预防。)”可知，中国人和英国人一致的观点是避免在公共场合讨论自己的错误。故选C项。 27．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第三句“Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. (然而，随着时间的推移，英国人和中国人的交流方式有一些奇怪的相似之处。)”可知，作者通过比较中国人和英国人交流的方式来论证自己的观点，即作比较。故选B项。 28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said.(事实上，居住在这两个国家的国际居民经常抱怨，他们必须理解当地人的真正意思，因为他们说的话往往不同。)”和第二段最后一句“ Otherwise, misunderstandings happen.(否则，误解就会发生。)”可知，本文讲了在中英两国中容易出现交流上的误解。D项“Communication Puzzles(沟通难题)”作为标题，可以概括全文主旨。故选D项。 （八） （23-24高一上·上海奉贤·期末）Austria took a striking step to combat the coronavirus pandemic when its government announced that people would not be allowed to enter places such as supermarkets without wearing a face mask. Some might roll their eyes at this, including many scientists. There is disagreement over whether wearing low-quality masks prevents people from inhaling (吸入) the virus, even if it does reduce the chances of them spreading it by sneezing or coughing. Austria will only be distributing regular masks free to shoppers at shop entrances, not the N95 respirators (which do reduce inhalation risks). Some US and European doctors believe mask-wearing is so pointless for those who do not usually face the direct risks medical staff are exposed to that they have urged consumers to donate any masks they have bought to hospitals instead. Yet I think it would be a mistake to sneer at Austria’s move-for two reasons. First, wearing masks has one practical personal benefit: it reminds you to avoid touching your face. This matters. The second reason is that mask-wearing is not just about individual psychology or behavior; it has social implications as well. As Christos Lynteris, a medical anthropologist at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, put it in an opinion column for The New York Times: “Members of a community wear masks not only to fight off disease in a pandemic. They wear masks also to show that they want to stick, and cope, together under the threat of pandemic.” Some Europeans and Americans will scoff. Anglo-Saxon culture tends to prize individualism, not the type of collectivism that has often been valued in Asia. And in a city such as New York, mask-wearing has been such a minority practice that it has almost been associated with a sense of shame －in recent times especially, since some view it as a sign of sickness. The point about mass mask-wearing is that this shame tends to disappear if everyone puts one on. In fact, not wearing a mask is now almost a source of shame in places such as Japan. And while it might be hard to imagine this becoming the case in the US, nothing should be ruled out, given how quickly the shock of COVID-19 is reshaping our ideas of risk, and leading to a rising appreciation in the west for collectivist values. As Lynteris notes, epidemics should be understood not just as “biological events but also as social processes”, since this “is key to their successful containment (抑制)”. If rituals or symbols-like masks-help us to realize this, then so much the better. To put it another way, beating COVID- 19 will not just require medical science, but a dose of social science too. 29．Some Western scientists and doctors roll their eyes at Austria’s move because they think_______. A．medical staff are short of face masks in hospitals B．low-quality face masks can’t stop people sneezing C．wearing a face mask won’t reduce the risk of infection D．donation should be more stressed and encouraged 30．The author thinks it a mistake to sneer at wearing masks in public because_______. A．it has both personal and social benefits B．it helps people practice to not touch their face C．it proves people’s psychological and behavioral well-being D．it implies people can finally solve the problem 31．The underlined word “scoff” in para. 6 implies that some Europeans and Americans_______. A．doubt the social effectiveness of wearing face masks B．view minority practices in public as a sign of sickness C．value individualism so much that they hate collectivism D．don’t take the social implications of face masks seriously 32．The author will probably agree that_______. A．the social sciences are unnecessary for beating COVID- 19 B．holding collectivist values can help contain COVID- 19 C．COVID- 19 can be eliminated through social processes D．mass mask-wearing is impossible in the United States 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．C 32．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者就奥地利政府宣布不戴口罩就不允许人们进入超市等场所展开讨论。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Some might roll their eyes at this, including many scientists. There is disagreement over whether wearing low-quality masks prevents people from inhaling (吸入) the virus, even if it does reduce the chances of them spreading it by sneezing or coughing. (有些人可能会对此翻白眼，包括许多科学家。对于佩戴低质量口罩是否能阻止人们吸入病毒，即使它确实降低了人们通过打喷嚏或咳嗽传播病毒的几率，人们也存在分歧。)”可知，一些西方科学家和医生对奥地利的举动翻白眼，因为他们认为戴口罩不会降低感染的风险。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段“First, wearing masks has one practical personal benefit: it reminds you to avoid touching your face. This matters. (首先，戴口罩有一个实际的个人好处：它会提醒你避免触摸自己的脸。这一点很重要。)”和第五段“The second reason is that mask-wearing is not just about individual psychology or behavior; it has social implications as well. (第二个原因是，戴口罩不仅仅关乎个人心理或行为；它也有社会意义。)”可知，作者认为嘲笑在公共场合戴口罩是错误的，因为戴口罩对个人和社会都有好处。故选A。 31．推理判断题。根据划线词后文“Anglo-Saxon culture tends to prize individualism, not the type of collectivism that has often been valued in Asia. And in a city such as New York, mask-wearing has been such a minority practice that it has almost been associated with a sense of shame －in recent times especially, since some view it as a sign of sickness. (盎格鲁—撒克逊文化倾向于推崇个人主义，而不是亚洲经常推崇的那种集体主义。在纽约这样的城市，戴口罩是少数人的行为，几乎与羞耻感联系在一起——尤其是在最近，因为一些人认为戴口罩是疾病的标志。)”可知，一些欧洲人和美国人会嗤之以鼻，从而推断他们非常重视个人主义，以至于讨厌集体主义。故选C。 32．推理判断题。根据第七段“The point about mass mask-wearing is that this shame tends to disappear if everyone puts one on. In fact, not wearing a mask is now almost a source of shame in places such as Japan. And while it might be hard to imagine this becoming the case in the US, nothing should be ruled out, given how quickly the shock of COVID-19 is reshaping our ideas of risk, and leading to a rising appreciation in the west for collectivist values. (大规模佩戴口罩的意义在于，如果每个人都戴上口罩，这种耻辱就会消失。事实上，在日本等地，不戴口罩几乎是一种耻辱。尽管很难想象美国也会出现这种情况，但考虑到新冠疫情的冲击正在迅速改变我们对风险的看法，并导致西方越来越推崇集体主义价值观，不应排除任何可能性。)”可推断，作者认为坚持集体主义价值观有助于遏制新冠疫情。故选B。 （九） （23-24高一上·北京东城·期末）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings being built. The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. What is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighbourhoods must be preserved and it is important to begin this process now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries have chosen new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this. As the population has become larger, people want the usefulness of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also show the beauty of our culture and heritage. How can our children understand our culture if we erase so much of the physical evidence (物证) of it? The reasons for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional connection to the past. There are also good economic reasons in favour of preservation. The repair and preservation of historic sites can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past. Those who are against historic preservation think that it is too expensive. But many recent projects all over the world have told us that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. 33．How does the author feel about his neighbourhood? A．Unsafe. B．Confused. C．Bored. D．Upset. 34．As for international visitors, which would the author agree with? A．They prefer modern accommodation. B．They get along well with local people. C．They want to learn about culture and traditions. D．They choose destinations based on local economy. 35．What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph? A．The advantages of historic preservation. B．Recent progress in heritage preservation. C．The challenges historic preservation faces. D．People’s impression of preservation projects. 【答案】33．D 34．C 35．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了作者对保护遗产的看法。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city.(我小时候所熟悉的街区，到处都是美丽的老建筑，现在大部分都消失了，取而代之的是现代化的高层建筑。如果我们继续这样下去，我们的遗产将荡然无存；很快我就认不出我的城市了。)”可知，作者担心自己所在的街区的历史遗产将会荡然无存。由此可推知，作者对他所熟悉的街区感到不安。故选D。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past.(中东有几个很好的例子。在迪拜，历史悠久的AI Bastikiya区每年吸引来自世界各地的数千名游客。它也吸引了当地人，他们渴望了解自己城市的过去。)”可推知，至于国际游客，作者同意他们想了解文化和传统。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In fact, renovation of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too.(事实上，在保留原有建筑美感的同时，翻修一栋现有建筑每平方米的成本甚至比最基本的新建筑还要低40美元左右。更重要的是，环境专家认为最环保的建筑是已经建成的建筑。新建筑几乎总是有更严重的环境影响，因为它需要使用必须长途运输的全新材料，而不是已经在现场的回收材料。我们回收了很多其他的东西。我们可以也应该回收建筑。)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了保护历史建筑的好处。故选A。 （十） （23-24高一上·北京顺义·期末）Is your teen time really that different from that of your parents or grandparents? Weak. Easy to be angry. Addicted to their phones. Are these what come to mind when we think of the teens of this generation (一代人)? While there may be a little of truth to this thought, there might be more to the teens of this generation than what is generally seen. Never before have the lives of any generation been as connected with mobile technology and social media as the teens of this generation. It follows then that there will be some problems resulting from this new age of technology. The popular use of social media has led to a world in which teens are responsible to join. Compared to the parents or grandparents who were likely less connected, these teens are “busy” in their social circles. It is no wonder then that the health of this generation’s teens has been damaged. Moreover, the teens today are more independent. This is quite different from the more village spirit or community thought of the parents’ and grandparents’ times. Gone is the relationship among neighbours who are friendly with one another and quick to offer a helping hand when they see another in need. In its place, we have teens who may not even know who lives in the unit next to theirs, much less offer a friendly nod or wave when they happen to cross streets with a neighbour. Yet, the influences of technology on the teens of this generation are not all bad. The very connectedness that social media brings about has led to an opening of minds and a development of dialogue among people of various cultures and backgrounds. Using social media means that one can know those people and their different ways of life. The parents or grandparents of this generation probably did not have the same chance to get to know people outside of their social circles at their age, so they may have fixed ideas of people different from them. The teens of this generation, on the other hand, has the chance to use this technology to learn more about and try to understand the various things out there. As a result, this might be why the teens of this generation are generally more open-minded than their parents and grandparents. All in all, the teens of this generation are different in many ways from their elders. Every generation is a product of the events of their time and this generation therefore is different from past generations, with the changes around them at the same time. 36．Which statement is correct according to the passage? A．Most old people may not know their next-door neighbors. B．People usually think the new generation is stronger and calmer. C．Social media and technology may bring some influences to teens. D．The new generation may have fixed ideas of people different from them. 37．What does the underlined word “damaged” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Broken. B．Relieved. C．Increased. D．Developed. 38．According to the writer, which of the following words can best describe the new generation? A．Brave and smart. B．Open and independent. C．Friendly and confident. D．Responsible and patient. 39．What can we learn from Paragraph 5? A．The new generation is better because of their age. B．Technology has bad influences on the old generation. C．People use social media to learn different people. D．The use of social media brings some benefits to the new generation. 40．Which would be the best title (标题) for this passage? A．How Does the New Generation Change the Culture? B．How Are Teens Today Different from Past Generations? C．What Are the Weaknesses of the Old and New Generation? D．What Are the Influences of Technology on the New Generation? 【答案】36．C 37．A 38．B 39．D 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了当代青少年与他们父母或祖父母的生活方式和价值观之间的差异。作者指出了当今青少年普遍使用手机和社交媒体的情况，以及这种现代科技带来的影响。尽管现代科技给青少年带来了一些问题，但它也促进了跨文化交流和开放思维。 36．细节理解题。根据第三段“Never before have the lives of any generation been as connected with mobile technology and social media as the teens of this generation. It follows then that there will be some problems resulting from this new age of technology.(在此之前，没有任何一代人的生活像这一代青少年那样与移动技术和社交媒体紧密相连。因此，这个新技术时代将会产生一些问题)”可知，正确的一项是C选项“Social media and technology may bring some influences to teens.(社交媒体和科技可能会给青少年带来一些影响)”。故选C。 37．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It follows then that there will be some problems resulting from this new age of technology. The popular use of social media has led to a world in which teens are responsible to join. Compared to the parents or grandparents who were likely less connected, these teens are “busy” in their social circles.(因此，这个新技术时代将会产生一些问题。社交媒体的广泛使用导致了一个青少年有责任加入的世界。与那些与社会联系较少的父母或祖父母相比，这些青少年在他们的社交圈中很“忙碌”)”可知，青少年沉浸于他们的社交圈中，所以他们的健康会受到损害，划线词damaged的意思是“损害，破坏”，和A选项意思相近，故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段“Moreover, the teens today are more independent.(此外，现在的青少年更加独立)”和第五段“As a result, this might be why the teens of this generation are generally more open-minded than their parents and grandparents.(因此，这可能就是为什么这一代的青少年通常比他们的父母和祖父母更开放)”可知，可以用开放和独立来描述新一代，即open和independent。故选B。 39．推理判断题。根据第五段“The very connectedness that social media brings about has led to an opening of minds and a development of dialogue among people of various cultures and backgrounds. Using social media means that one can know those people and their different ways of life.(社交媒体带来的连通性使得不同文化和背景的人之间思想的开放和对话的发展。使用社交媒体意味着人们可以了解这些人以及他们不同的生活方式)”和“The teens of this generation, on the other hand, has the chance to use this technology to learn more about and try to understand the various things out there. As a result, this might be why the teens of this generation are generally more open-minded than their parents and grandparents.(另一方面，这一代的青少年，有机会使用这项技术来学习更多的东西，并试图理解各种各样的事情。因此，这可能就是为什么这一代的青少年通常比他们的父母和祖父母更开放)”可推知，社交媒体的使用给新一代带来了一些好处。故选D。 40．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Is your teen time really that different from that of your parents or grandparents?(你的青少年时期真的和你的父母或祖父母有那么大的不同吗？)”可知，本文探讨了当代青少年与他们父母或祖父母的生活方式和价值观之间的差异。由此可知，最好的标题是B选项“How Are Teens Today Different from Past Generations?(今天的青少年与过去的几代人有什么不同？)”。故选B。 （十一） （23-24高一上·甘肃金昌·期中）It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 41．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 42．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 43．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 44．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. 【答案】41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在救灾时，如何进行有效的捐赠。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster. (但是场地是满的，有很多没有人需要的捐款。这架满载所需物资的飞机不得不找其他地方去。结果导致每个人的计划延迟了大约48小时，这在灾难中是非常重要的时间。)”可知，场地上的没用的捐赠物造成装载有应急物资的飞机无法降落，导致所需供应被推迟。故选C项。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. (因此，当飓风Sandy来袭时，Rilling的团队启动了一个鼓励捐款的项目。)”可知，当飓风来袭时，Rilling的团队建议人们捐赠钱。故选B项。 43．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete(实物) should be completely stopped. (她认为需要给予具体的东西不应该完全停止。)”可知，Meghan Hara对人们捐赠实物是支持的。故选A项。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that. (我们需要解决的是如何有效地处理这个问题。)”可知，作者可能继续讨论管理人们捐赠的方式。故选D项。 （十二） （23-24高一上·辽宁辽阳·期末）When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 45．How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 46．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 47．Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 48．What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. 【答案】45．B 46．A 47．A 48．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了撒谎对友谊的影响，并提出了如何处理这种情况的建议。 45．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的)when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman.(当Gail Heyman和一个朋友去购物时，当她的朋友问她最喜欢哪件衣服时，她发现自己很尴尬。她的朋友有一条明确的最爱——一条Heyman碰巧不喜欢的裙子。Heyman说：“在这种情况下，我撒了谎，说我喜欢同一款。”)”可知，文章开头，作者是通过举了一个例子来引出本文主题。故选B。 46．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing.(正如Heyman的经历所表明的那样，如果你为了让朋友感觉良好而说一个善意的谎言，可能并不那么重要。但当涉及到你生命中最有意义的关系时，不惜一切代价保护朋友的感受有时会让他们失败)”可知，有时候你的一个所谓的善意的谎言可能会让你的朋友失败。由此推知，对于说谎，我们应该抱有谨慎的态度。故选A。 47．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it.(如果你知道谎言会有结果，为什么你还经常撒谎？伦敦大学学院教授Tali Sharot进行的一项研究发现，这是因为人们已经习惯了。)”可知，人们明知道谎言会有后果还是会说谎是因为人们习惯了说谎。故选A。 48．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth(歪曲事实) .She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers(诱因) .Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively.(Sharot指出，如果你担心自己撒了太多的谎，那就试着注意一下自己什么时候想要歪曲事实。她认为最好是在你对这些诱因没有实际反应的时候这样做。把你的注意力从羞耻转移到你的价值观上，这是一种开始更积极地看待这个问题的健康方式。)”可知，Sharot建议我们应该把注意力放在价值观上。故选D。 （十三） （23-24高一上·江西抚州·期末）Movie stars might think their lives are private after leaving the acting location, but they ought to know that they have much power over their audience. The power gives them an ability to change people, events, even history, making them to have the responsibility of being good role models. With time going on, movie stars become celebrities (名人) and in the process get a large number of fans. Some of them follow their deeds, dress, and act like them. In reality, they want to be like their favorite movie stars. If a movie star engages in acts that the society does not approve, those who look up to them, especially the teens, will do the same. Movie stars should be responsible for what they do and say as following the actions is now simpler because of social media. It is important to behave like a role model even when they think no one is watching. Nobody is perfect, and movie stars also have had their down moments. They may not have been good role models at the time, but they can change the narrative by doing the right things. They can also turn the past shortcomings into positives by opening up about problems and how they overcame the challenges. And their audience can learn to discuss their problems and seek help. People starring in movies are the target of companies to promote their products or services for a fee. Their celebrity status is a reason enough to think beyond the payment. A movie star should not recommend something that will influence the way teens live negatively. It would be wrong to promote something like sweetened drinks or foods without health benefits. Movie stars face problems like other people, but because of their influence, they have a responsibility to be role models in the public eye. 49．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Fans often follow their stars’ dress and hobbies. B．Celebrities’ actions spread fast on social media. C．Movie stars should be responsible for their fans. D．Movie stars’ acts have a great impact on their fans. 50．How should movie stars deal with their down moments? A．Lie to fans by making up a story. B．Do the right things to overcome the problems. C．Cover their problems with good movies. D．Post their problems online to seek help. 51．Which is the author’s advice to celebrities? A．Don’t tell problems to the public. B．Don’t play roles that have a negative impact on teens. C．Don’t ask for payment when promoting products. D．Don’t recommend unhealthy drinks or foods. 52．What is the author’s purpose of writing this article? A．To tell movie stars how to help people in need. B．To stress movie stars’ impact on teens. C．To call on movie stars to be good role models. D．To advise movie stars to open up about their problems. 【答案】49．D 50．B 51．D 52．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了电影明星有责任为公众树立一个良好的榜样，尤其是青少年。 49．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“With time going on, movie stars become celebrities (名人) and in the process get a large number of fans. Some of them follow their deeds, dress, and act like them. In reality, they want to be like their favorite movie stars. If a movie star engages in acts that the society does not approve, those who look up to them, especially the teens, will do the same. Movie stars should be responsible for what they do and say as following the actions is now simpler because of social media. It is important to behave like a role model even when they think no one is watching. (随着时间的流逝，电影明星成为名人，并在此过程中获得了大量的粉丝。他们中的一些人遵循他们的行为，穿着和行为都像他们一样。实际上，他们想像自己喜欢的电影明星一样。如果一个电影明星从事社会不认可的行为，那些仰慕他们的人，尤其是青少年，也会这样做。电影明星应该对自己的言行负责，因为社交媒体现在更简单了。即使他们认为没有人在看，也要表现得像一个榜样，这一点很重要。)”可知，本段主要讲述了电影明星的行为对他们的粉丝有很大的影响，改选D项。 50．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“They may not have been good role models at the time, but they can change the narrative by doing the right things. They can also turn the past shortcomings into positives by opening up about problems and how they overcame the challenges. (他们当时可能不是好的榜样，但他们可以通过做正确的事情来改变。他们还可以通过敞开心扉谈论问题以及他们如何克服挑战，将过去的缺点转化为积极的一面。)”可知，电影明星可以通过做正确的事来克服问题、战胜困难，故选B项。 51．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“It would be wrong to promote something like sweetened drinks or foods without health benefits. (推广甜味饮料或对健康没有好处的食物是错误的。)”可知，作者认为电影明星推销含糖饮料或不利于健康的食品是错误的，即作者建议电影明星们不要去推销此类产品。故选D项。 52．推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“The power gives them an ability to change people, events, even history, making them to have the responsibility of being good role models. (这种力量赋予他们改变人、事件甚至历史的能力，使他们有责任成为好榜样。)”及最后一段中“Movie stars face problems like other people, but because of their influence, they have a responsibility to be role models in the public eye. (电影明星像其他人一样面临问题，但由于他们的影响力，他们有责任成为公众眼中的榜样。)”可知，作者通过本文想要呼吁电影明星为公众树立良好的榜样，这是他们的责任，故选C项。 （十四） （23-24高一上·江西南昌·期末）It’s common for people to have the idea, believing that happiness will come after reaching certain goals. This can include things like getting a promotion, finding a romantic partner, or reaching a certain level of life success. While these achievements can certainly bring some happiness, this way of thinking can lead to an endless cycle of waiting for the next thing to bring happiness. The truth is that happiness should not be dependent on material achievements but rather a choice we make in each moment. By linking happiness with outside factors, we often lose sight of the present moment and miss the joy that can be found in everyday experiences. It’s important to realize that happiness is not something that can be achieved in the future, but rather a state of mind that we can keep at present. By being present, we can appreciate the simple pleasures in life, like the warmth of the sun on our skin, the laughter of loved ones, or the taste of a delicious meal. Life is indeed filled with challenges, which are an important part of our journey towards personal growth. They often push us out of our comfort zones and force us to think creatively and find new solutions, providing us with opportunities to learn, get valuable experience and discover our inner strength. By embracing these opportunities to learn, we can grow and become better equipped to handle future challenges instead of always waiting for the perfect moment or for all our problems to be solved before allowing ourselves to be happy. When we understand that challenges are not difficulties to our happiness but rather opportunities for growth and learning, we can appreciate the present moment and find happiness regardless of the situations. Rather than waiting for future events to bring happiness, it’s better to accept the present and find joy and contentment in the journey itself. Let’s grasp the opportunity and embrace the joy that is within our reach. Time waits for no one, so why wait to be happy? 53．How can people find happiness according to the passage? A．By reaching certain goals. B．By achieving material success. C．By being content with present situation. D．By keeping seeking new experiences. 54．What do challenges bring to us? A．Perfect moments. B．Comfort zones. C．Inner beauty D．Personal progress. 55．What does the underlined word “embracing” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Accepting. B．Assuming C．Creating D．Believing 56．What is the text mainly about? A．The chance of personal growth. B．The way to get the happiness. C．The courage to face the challenge. D．The solution to achieve the goals. 【答案】53．C 54．D 55．A 56．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了人们通常会有这样的想法，认为幸福会在达到一定的目标后到来，但是作者认为满足于现状才可以幸福，文章指出挑战是学习的机会，可以让我们成长。 53．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s important to realize that happiness is not something that can be achieved in the future, but rather a state of mind that we can keep at present. By being present, we can appreciate the simple pleasures in life, like the warmth of the sun on our skin, the laughter of loved ones, or the taste of a delicious meal.(重要的是要意识到幸福不是将来才能获得的东西，而是我们现在可以保持的一种心态。通过活在当下，我们可以欣赏生活中简单的快乐，比如阳光照在我们皮肤上的温暖，亲人的笑声，或者美味佳肴的味道)”可知，人们通过满足于现状找到幸福。故选C。 54．细节理解题。根据第三段“Life is indeed filled with challenges, which are an important part of our journey towards personal growth. They often push us out of our comfort zones and force us to think creatively and find new solutions, providing us with opportunities to learn, get valuable experience and discover our inner strength.(生活确实充满了挑战，这是我们迈向个人成长的重要组成部分。它们经常把我们推出舒适区，迫使我们创造性地思考，寻找新的解决方案，为我们提供学习的机会，获得宝贵的经验，发现我们内在的力量)”可知，挑战给我们带来个人进步。故选D。 55．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“They often push us out of our comfort zones and force us to think creatively and find new solutions, providing us with opportunities to learn, get valuable experience and discover our inner strength.(它们经常把我们推出舒适区，迫使我们创造性地思考，寻找新的解决方案，为我们提供学习的机会，获得宝贵的经验，发现我们内在的力量)”以及后文“these opportunities to learn, we can grow and become better equipped to handle future challenges instead of always waiting for the perfect moment or for all our problems to be solved before allowing ourselves to be happy”可知，通过接受挑战作为学习的机会，我们可以成长，变得更好地应对未来的挑战，而不是总是等待完美的时刻或我们所有的问题都解决了才让自己快乐。故划线词意思是“接受”。故选A。 56．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Rather than waiting for future events to bring happiness, it’s better to accept the present and find joy and contentment in the journey itself. Let’s grasp the opportunity and embrace the joy that is within our reach. Time waits for no one, so why wait to be happy?(与其等待未来的事情带来幸福，不如接受现在，在旅程中寻找快乐和满足。让我们抓住机会，拥抱我们力所能及的快乐。时间不等人，为什么要等着幸福呢？)”结合文章主要说明了人们通常会有这样的想法，认为幸福会在达到一定的目标后到来，但是作者认为满足于现状才可以幸福，文章指出挑战是学习的机会，可以让我们成长。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是获得幸福的方法。故选B。 （十五） （23-24高一上·福建厦门·期末）“FIND YOUR PASSION (热爱)! ”  This inspiring instruction suggests it’s important to discover what truly excites us in life. But is it good advice? Science tells us that passions are developed. They can be raised through curiosity and repeated practices. Our first interest can be developed into a true passion with positive experiences. But “finding” a passion means that it already exists and is waiting to be discovered. This misunderstanding can hold people back. Fortunately, our latest research shows there are ways to encourage a more open outlook about it. To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets: fixed mindset sees interests as unchangeable, while a growth mindset views interests and passions as developed. A growth mindset of interest comes with many advantages, while a fixed mindset may discourage exploration. In one study, after we excited participants’(参与者的) interest in a topic of black holes with an easy-to-understand video, people with a fixed mindset came to dislike the topic when faced with a technical article. Those with a growth mindset kept their new-found interest despite the difficulty. So can a growth mindset of interest be taught? We published findings with 700 liberal arts undergraduates, most of whom held limited interest in math and science. We offered students either our intervention (干预) or a study skills module. The intervention included reading and reflective writing activities that helped students think about interests and passions as developed rather than found and fixed. For example, students wrote a paragraph about a case when they developed interest in a new activity. The study skills module, meanwhile, stressed practices such as time management. By the end of the school year, the students who had received the intervention were more interested in their required math and science courses——and earned better grades in those courses—than their study skills peers. While our intervention offers a way for schools to support their students, we also believe people can independently build up a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in developing them. 57．What does “this misunderstanding” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Passions can be developed with more practices. B．Interest is of great help to build up confidence. C．Passions are fixed and wait to be uncovered. D．Interest can be discouraged by repeated work. 58．Why does the author mention the “black holes” study? A．To make a prediction. B．To show the difference. C．To protest a decision. D．To explain the rule. 59．What can we learn about the study from paragraph 4? A．Students were grouped based on types of mindset. B．Reflective writings helped students build up interest. C．Study skills were used to reduce students’ stress. D．Better grades contributed to one’s favour to a subject. 60．Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A．Love what you do, and you’ll keep going and become better. B．Find what you love, and you’ll never have to work a day. C．It can always be easy and exciting to dig into new areas. D．It is much better to get lost in the passion than to lose it. 【答案】57．C 58．B 59．A 60．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了“找到你的热爱”这一流行观念，并指出激情并非与生俱来、等待被发现的，而是可以通过好奇心、重复实践以及积极的体验逐步培养和发展的。 57．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词上文“But “finding” a passion means that it already exists and is waiting to be discovered.( 然而，“找到”激情意味着它已经存在并等待被发现)”可推理出，划线词指的是上文说的“激情是固定的，等待被发现”，故选C项。 58．细节理解题。根据第三段“In one study, after we excited participants’(参与者的)interest in a topic of black holes with an easy-to-understand video, people with a fixed mindset came to  dislike the topic when faced with a technical article. Those with a growth mindset kept their new-found interest despite the difficulty.( 在一项研究中，当我们在一个易于理解的视频中激发参与者对黑洞主题的兴趣后，面对一篇技术文章时，具有固定心态的人开始不喜欢这个话题。而具有成长心态的人即使面临困难，也保持了他们新发现的兴趣)”可知，作者提到对黑洞的研究，其目的是为了对具有固定心态的人和具有成长心态的人进行对比，展示差异，故选B项。 59．细节理解题。根据第三段“We published findings with 700 liberal arts undergraduates, most of whom held limited interest in math and science.( 我们在700名文理学院的本科学生中进行了研究，他们中的大多数人在数学和科学方面兴趣有限)”可知，学生是根据思维方式进行分组的，故选A项。 60．推理判断题。根据第二段“Science tells us that passions are developed. They can be raised through curiosity and repeated practices.(科学告诉我们，激情是可以培养和发展的。它们可以通过好奇心和重复实践得以提升)”、倒数第二段“By the end of the school year, the students who had received the intervention were more interested in their required math and science courses——and earned better grades in those courses—than their study skills peers.( 到学年结束时，接受干预的学生比接受学习技能指导的同学在必修的数学和科学课程上表现出了更大的兴趣，并且在这些课程中取得了更好的成绩。)”以及最后一段“While our intervention offers a way for schools to support their students, we also believe people can independently build up a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in developing them(虽然我们的干预措施为学校支持学生提供了一种途径，但我们同样认为，人们也可以独立地建立起对兴趣的成长心态。认识到激情不是等待被“发现”的，而是要主动去培养和发展它们。)”可知，作者认为激情是可以培养和发展的，人们也可以独立地建立起对兴趣的成长心态，并主动去培养和发展它们，A项“Love what you do, and you’ll keep going and become better(热爱你所做的，你将保持前进并变得更好)”表达的含义与作者的观点一致，故选A项。 （十六） （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers? What do they want? Many of the thousands of replies suggested that the majority of the flying public cannot understand why someone would ever choose the middle over a window or an aisle (走廊). But among the majority appeared a few people who endorse middle seats. “In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.” Kyle Burke, in Florida, said on Twitter that he usually exchanged seats when asked. “I didn’t want to sit between a couple that were upset with me,” he told The Washington Post. At 6-foot-7, Burke, 41, said he didn’t fit well in plane seats, anyway. So, he preferred the middle, which gives him double chance of having a chatty neighbor. Frederick resident Samantha Jones told The Post by email that she usually chose the middle seat when traveling alone. As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.” Despite the few fans, middle seats are still not likely to get much respect. “There’s nothing good in the middle seat,” Scott McCartney, the writer of the journal Middle Seat said. “The position’s infamy (臭名昭著) was part of the reason for the journal’s name.” He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.” 61．How does the author start the text? A．By challenging a common belief. B．By raising a couple’s questions. C．By comparing travelers’ preferences. D．By presenting an unusual seat choice. 62．What does the underlined word “endorse” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Exchange. B．Resist. C．Support. D．Indicate. 63．Why does Samantha prefer the middle seat? A．It provides larger space. B．It reduces unnecessary trouble. C．It avoids family responsibilities. D．It offers networking opportunities. 64．Why did Scott choose “Middle Seat” as the name of his journal? A．To catch readers’ eyes. B．To voice his own taste. C．To make people think. D．To urge airlines to change. 【答案】61．D 62．C 63．B 64．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了一个关于飞机上中间座位的讨论，许多人表示，大多数乘坐飞机的人无法理解为什么有人会选择中间的座位，而不是靠窗或靠过道的座位。但在大多数人中，出现了一些支持中间席位的人。 61．推理判断题。根据第一段“One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers? What do they want?(最近推特上的一个主角是一名男子，他在飞机上选择坐在一对夫妇中间的座位，而不是挪到旁边。这种情况引发了一些问题：这些爱坐在中间的人是谁？他们想要什么？)”可推知，作者通过提供一个不寻常的座位选择开始这篇文章。故选D。 62．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.”(“在中间的座位上，我觉得我不会朝这边或那边倾斜，通常坐得很舒服，”一个人写道。另一个人补充道：“我不会被过道上走过的人或行李撞到。”)”可知，后文列举了两个支持中间座位的人，故划线词意思是“支持”。故选C。 63．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.”(作为三个孩子的母亲，“拥有私人空间是一个遥远的记忆。她说。“中间座位的责任最少，”她写道。“我不能控制窗帘，出去或上厕所只需要经过一个人。”)”可知，萨曼莎喜欢中间的座位是为了减少不必要的麻烦。故选B。 64．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.”(他补充说：“人们真的很在乎‘中间座位’，所以他们更有可能在拿起这本杂志时看到它。”)”可知，斯科特选择“中间座位”作为他日记的名字是为了吸引读者的眼球。故选A。 （十七） （23-24高一上·山东威海·期末）The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that “the ease of navigation (导航)” was greater when using a traditional book. I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with “navigational tools,” but it turns out the best navigational tools are the “devices” at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward.   Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening part to help you remember the hero’s name. They even have a “bookmark system,” which uses something called a “bookmark.” Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It has no “progress bar (进度条)” indicating how much of the book has been read. Luckily, a clever tip is available: turn your book so that it can be viewed from the side or top. It will naturally form two parts joined in the middle. If the left part is thicker than the right one, you are more than halfway through. Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward. Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the return of traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself welcoming their wonderful return. 65．Which can best replace the underlined “ditching” in paragraph 1? A．Referring to. B．Getting rid of. C．Getting used to. D．Making use of. 66．What can serve as the “navigational tool” of printed books? A．Bookmarks. B．Fingers. C．The progress bar. D．The opening part. 67．What purpose does the example in paragraph 5 serve? A．To explain an opposing idea. B．To provide additional information. C．To support the author’s argument. D．To connect paragraph five and paragraph six. 68．What might be the best title? A．Why the Printed Book Is Back? B．How the Printed Book Benefits us? C．What Future the Printed Book Faces? D．Which Is Better, Printed Book or E-book? 【答案】65．B 66．B 67．C 68．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了纸质书的时代又回来了并阐述了纸质书优于电子书的原因。 65．词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers.(最近的研究表明，与阅读电子书相比，学生在阅读纸质书时记住的信息更多。一所学校对这些发现做出了回应，ditching电子阅读器)”可知，最新调查说明电子书不如纸质书，所以这里指一个学校“放弃”电子书，从而推测 ditching为“放弃”的意思。故选B项。 66．推理判断题。由文章第二段“E-books may come with ‘navigational tools,’ but it turns out the best navigational tools are the ‘devices’ at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward. (电子书可能会附带‘导航工具’，但事实证明，最好的导航工具是你手臂末端的‘设备’。你可以使用它们向前和向后翻页)”可推知，这里手臂末端的“设备”应指的是手指。故选B项。 67．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward.(诚然，电子书比纸质书更轻，但人们必须质疑这是否真的是一种优势。在中学时，我的身材实际上因每天需要背课本而发生了变化。对我和我的同学们来说，这些沉重的书会把我们的肩膀向后拉，把我们的胸部向前拉)”可推知，作者用本段中的例子来支持作者的论点——纸质书比电子书更好些。故选C项。 68．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that ‘the ease of navigation (导航)’ was greater when using a traditional book.(印刷好的书回来了。最近的研究表明，与阅读电子书相比，学生在阅读纸质书时记住的信息更多。一所学校对这些发现做出了回应，放弃了电子阅读器。学生们发现，当使用传统书籍时，‘导航的便利性’更高)”以及下文可知，文章主要论述了纸质书的时代又回来了并阐述了纸质书优于电子书的原因。故选A项。 （十八） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, how can our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of it? The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation (修缮) and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city's past. Some have argued that historic preservation is too expensive, but many recent projects have demonstrated that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation of an existing structure for adaptive reuse can cost about £40 per square metre less than even the most basic new construction, while preserving the beauty of the original building. And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren’t very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New construction almost always has a more serious environmental impact (影响) because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered. 69．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 70．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 71．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces environmental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 72．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. 【答案】69．D 70．C 71．C 72．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们对保护遗产的看法。 69．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living.(我小时候所熟悉的社区，到处都是美丽的老建筑，现在大部分都消失了，取而代之的是现代化的高层建筑。这是有充分理由的。居民们想要现代生活的一切便利)”可知，是人们对现代舒适的渴望驱使人们用新建筑取代旧建筑。故选D项。 70．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The renovation (修缮)and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world.(对历史街区的改造和保护可以成为一个经济引擎，吸引游客和小企业来到该地区。例如，在迪拜，历史悠久的Al bastikiya区每年吸引成千上万来自世界各地的游客)”可知，举Al bastikiya的例子表明：文物保护带来经济效益。故选C项。 71．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren't very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built.(而且，尽管人们经常声称老建筑的环境足迹比新建筑更大，因为它们不是很节能，但建筑师和环境专家坚持认为，最环保的建筑是已经建成的建筑)”可推知，翻新旧建筑减少了对环境的影响。故选C项。 72．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered.(历史保护是一种提供多种可能性的选择；相反，拆迁是不可逆转的。一旦这些宝藏失去，它们就永远失去了，这是我们遗产中一个永远无法恢复的重要环节)”可推知，作者对历史保护的态度是积极的和支持的。故选A项。 （十九） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末）Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts. Silence is now big business, with the global market for noise-cancelling headphones bringing $13.1 billion in 2021. Experts predict that this figure will triple by 2031. While these market-based solutions are becoming popular, they raise a question: Are there physical and social effects to shutting out the world around us? Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control. However, too much of a good thing also has its downsides. Many studies have shown that constant earplug wearing, day and night, over just one week can lead to a condition known as tinnitus (耳鸣). “When you stop listening to outside sounds, your brain starts to turn up its ‘internal volume’ so that it can still pick up on things.” McAlpine says. “If you stop the sound going into your ears, it’s like messing with how your brain is supposed to work naturally.” When it comes to distraction (干扰), the type of noise may matter as much as volume. Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example. “Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office. Even if it isn’t as noisy,” McAlpine says. “Your brain in the office is automatically paying attention to all those other conversations — because they might be about something you need to know.” How, then, can we deal with all the loud distractions in our modern lives? An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine. “We have given more control to outside sources over our sound environment compared to our visual environment,” he says. If people started wearing AR/VR goggles and living in their own virtual worlds instead of focusing on improving the physical environment, “And that’s problematic.” 73．What is the purpose of noise-cancelling headphones? A．To pick up the sounds. B．To reduce the rate of tinnitus. C．To improve performance on creative tasks. D．To create a sense of silence in noisy environments. 74．Which statement is TRUE according to the article? A．Wearing noise-cancelling headphones has no physical or social costs. B．Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise. C．Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s for concertgoers. D．The global market for noise-cancelling headphones is believed to drop by 2031. 75．What does the underlined word “buzzy” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Lively. B．Advanced. C．Interesting. D．Quiet. 76．What attitude does McAlpine hold towards the over-dependence on the technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 【答案】73．D 74．B 75．A 76．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中噪音干扰的问题以及人们使用降噪技术的现象。文章指出，虽然降噪技术在市场上大受欢迎，但过度使用可能带来身体和社会方面的负面影响。 73．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts.(无论你走到哪里，人们似乎都在用某种东西来减少生活中的噪音。他们在公共交通工具上、长途飞行中或在开放式办公室里戴着戴耳式耳机，或者在音乐会上使用彩色耳塞)”和第二段中“Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control.(降噪技术最早是在20世纪50年代发展起来的，目的是为飞行员减少驾驶舱的噪音。今天的耳机使用了一种被称为主动噪声控制的技术)”可推知，降噪耳机是用于减少生活中的噪音，在嘈杂的环境中创造一种安静的感觉。故选D项。 74．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example.(例如，研究发现，适度的背景噪音(约70分贝)可以提高创造性任务的表现)”可知，适度的背景噪声可以提高创造性任务的表现，故“Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise.”是正确表述。故选B项。 75．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office.(有些人可以在buzzy的咖啡馆甚至机场高效地工作，但他们却无法在办公室里保持同样的专注)”中“cafes(咖啡馆)”和常识可推知，咖啡馆是喧闹的，故buzzy与lively同义，意为“热闹的”。故选A项。 76．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine.(过度依赖降噪技术未必是解决问题的办法，麦卡尔平说)”可推知，McAlpine对过度依赖降噪技术持否定态度。故选A项。 （二十） （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末）What impresses you most when you think back to your years at university? For me, it is my first Greek philosophy class from Dr. Degenaar at Stellenbosch University. Dr. Degenaar came into the lecture room on the first Friday morning of the term and asked us to write down our own definition of the “soul”. Here was the “teacher” asking us what we thought—it was an almost literally mind-blowing experience. He was not telling us what he thought but asking us how we saw something. The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom. Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who “taught” me during that year. I remember they “taught” me the history of Greek philosophy, but I remember little of that history and absolutely nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr. Degenaar’s class, for my own interest. I took further courses with Dr. Degenaar in the following years. Like the first class, there was little “lecturing” at us, but far more involvement of us all in a process of mutual (共同的) discovery in which we learned a lot about each other and the important issues of the day. The excitement of discovery stays with me. Then it took me almost another 20 years to get a deeper understanding of what had happened in that lecture hall: experiential learning. Traditionally, learners have been seen as “empty containers” waiting to be “filled” with learning given them by the teacher. The learner is, therefore, dependent on the teacher for what to think and how to think. Compliance (遵从) is rewarded and so independent and original thinking is not developed. In contrast, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a “teacher” or “lecturer” says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it. 77．What did the author think of his first Greek philosophy class? A．Boring. B．Amazing. C．Confusing. D．Challenging. 78．Why does the author compare Dr. Degenaar and the other lecturers? A．To prove Dr. Degenaar’s devotion to his career. B．To stress Dr. Degenaar’s great influence on him. C．To point out Dr. Degenaar’s popularity among students. D．To show the author’s deep interest in Greek philosophy. 79．How does experiential learning differ from traditional learning? A．It combines theory with practice. B．It has no limit on learning places. C．It encourages independent thinking. D．It focuses more on the result of learning. 80．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce his respected teachers. B．To share his favorite university lesson. C．To explain the factors of experiential learning. D．To recommend an effective learning approach. 【答案】77．B 78．B 79．C 80．D 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。作者通过比较大学时代的教授希腊哲学课的Degenaar博士的体验式学习法和其他讲师使用的“视学生为容器”的传统学习法，指出：体验式学习法鼓励学习者思考，是最好的学习方式。 77．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr. Degenaar came into the lecture room on the first Friday morning of the term and asked us to write down our own definition of the ‘soul’. Here was the ‘teacher’ asking us what we thought—it was an almost literally mind-blowing experience. He was not telling us what he thought but asking us how we saw something. The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom. (Degenaar博士在本学期的第一个周五早上来到讲堂，让我们写下自己对‘灵魂’的定义。这是‘老师’问我们的想法——这几乎是一次令人兴奋的经历。他不是在告诉我们他是怎么想的，而是在问我们是怎么看的。接下来的讨论很有趣。那是我第一次在课堂上真正的学习。)”可知，作者认为他的第一堂希腊哲学课令人兴奋，很有趣，是作者第一次在课堂上真正的学习，这是一堂令作者惊奇的课。故选B项。 78．推理判断题。根据第一段“What impresses you most when you think back to your years at university? For me, it is my first Greek philosophy class from Dr. Degenaar at Stellenbosch University. (当你回想起你的大学岁月时，什么给你印象最深？对我来说，这是我在斯泰伦博斯大学上的第一堂德格纳尔博士的希腊哲学课。)”，以及第三段“Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who ‘taught’ me during that year. I remember they ‘taught’ me the history of Greek philosophy, but I remember little of that history and absolutely nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr. Degenaar’s class, for my own interest. (那次经历已经过去近50年了。那一年里教过我的其他讲师。我记得他们‘教’我希腊哲学史，但我对那段历史记得很少，对那些讲师更是一无所知。我对希腊哲学的大部分记忆都是我在Degenaar博士的课上学到的，出于我自己的兴趣。)”可知，通过比较Degenaar博士和其他讲师的课，作者只对Degenaar博士的课记忆深刻，强调了Degenaar博士对他的巨大影响。故选B项。 79．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In contrast, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself / herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. (相反，在体验式学习中，学习者被鼓励独立思考，而不是重复老师的思维模式。)”可知，体验式学习不同于传统学习，这个学习方式鼓励学习者独立思考，故选C项。 80．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In contrast, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a ‘teacher’ or ‘lecturer’ says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it. (相反，在体验式学习中，学习者被鼓励独立思考，而不是重复老师的思维模式。学习的发生不是因为‘老师’或‘讲师’说了什么，而是因为学习者做了什么。从这个意义上说，我认为这是最好的学习方式，每个人都应该尝试并从中学习。)”可知，作者通过比较Degenaar博士的体验式学习法和其他讲师使用的传统学习法，指出：体验式学习法鼓励学习者思考，是最好的学习方式，所以作者的写作目的是推荐一种有效的学习方法。故选D项。 （二十一） （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期末）Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)? In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools. Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject. But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律). Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊). Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures-something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies. Martial arts also strengthen muscles,improves flexibility and balance. Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives. However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge. They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out. But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage. 81．What’s the topic of this text? A．What martial arts are. B．Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum. C．Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school. D．How martial arts work for schools. 82．Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum? A．Self-defense is not taught at schools. B．Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world. C．It provides physical and mental benefits. D．It can help prevent physical damage. 83．What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph? A．Building a dojo and finding the trainers. B．Teaching martial arts and the physical damage. C．Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap. D．Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts. 84．What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative. 【答案】81．B 82．C 83．D 84．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是武术是否应该被列入学校的主要课程。 81．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)?(武术应该成为学校课程的一部分吗？)”可知，本文主要的话题是武术是否应该列入学校课程。故选B。 82．推理判断题。根据第三段“Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊).(武术不仅提供了一种身体锻炼，而且还提供了一个发展自卫技能的机会，同时训练身体和心灵自律和警觉。研究表明，练习武术和自尊之间存在着重要的联系)”可知，把武术加入课程是因为它对身体和精神都有好处。故选C。 83．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out.(他们认为这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的情况，没有必修的武术课程，那些擅长武术的人可能永远不会在武术馆)”可知，chicken和egg是缺乏训练师，没有必修的武术课程。故选D。 84．推理判断题。根据第二段“But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律).(但一项新的研究表明，第一世界的肥胖水平仍在以惊人的速度上升，一些人认为，武术可能有助于对抗肥胖，也有助于孩子们在自卫和自律方面更好地适应更广阔的世界)”和最后一段“However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge.(然而，一些人敏锐地指出，是的，每个学校开武术课很棒，但是找到那些受过训练并有资格教授武术的人可能会被证明是一个挑战)”可知，本文只是客观陈述人们对武术是否该成为学校课程的不同观点，并没有表明自己的观点，所以作者对在课程中增加武术的态度是不清楚的。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解之议论文 （一） （23-24高一上·广东广州·期末）Before the age of the smartphone, not everyone had cameras and it took skills and a good eye to capture and create a great photograph. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all amateur photographers, and pretty good ones at that, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras. The new ease of photography has given us a strong desire for capturing the magical and the ordinary. We are obsessed (痴迷的) with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat — or the cat’s breakfast. Cameras are everywhere — a situation that is transforming the way we experience dramatic events. With cameras observing most urban centers, have we gotten to the point where cameras don’t need photographers and photographers don’t even need cameras? When there are political events or natural disasters, it is ordinary citizens with cell phones not photojournalists who often provide the first news images. Quality still matters, but it’s less important than what’s relevant and instantly shared. Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Yet photography has always more stories than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and out of the frame. Images can also be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Such images may be more useful in communicating how the people behind the camera felt than in documenting what was actually in front of the camera. It’s not clear whether this flowering of image making will lead to a public that better appreciates and understands images or simply numb us to the deep effects a well-made image can have. But the change is unavoidable. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists. 1．What makes us all amateur photographers? A．That it takes no skills to take photographs B．That cell phones provide great convenience. C．That we are more attracted to creating images. D．That professional standards appear to be falling. 2．How are digital cameras changing our life? A．We may get the latest images more easily. B．Natural disasters can be detected in advance. C．Photographers no longer need to carry a camera. D．People pay more attention to the quality of photos. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The creative functions of camera apps. B．The attractive features of digital images. C．The negative reviews about artistic images. D．The subjective factors behind photographs. 4．What can we learn about “visual language” in the last paragraph? A．It can be both used in writing poetry and shopping. B．It will contribute to our ability to appreciate images. C．It has a great influence on the development of the universe. D．It offers us a new tool of communication to express ourselves. （二） （23-24高一上·山西朔州·期末）Children should do housework. That’s a controversial (有争议的) idea, though not everyone will admit it. A few parents will say that their children are too busy for housework. Many more of us assign (分派) housework, or say we believe in them, but the housework just doesn’t get done. That’s a problem. For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their emotional well-being. One small study, done over a period of 25 years, found that the best predictor (预测) for young adults’ success in their mid-20s was whether they participated in household tasks at age 3 or 4. Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives. But for all that their help matters, few kids are doing much around the house at all. In a survey of 1,000 American adults, 75 percent said they believed regular housework made kids “more responsible”. Yet while 82 percent reported having had regular housework growing up, only 56 percent of those with children said they required them to do housework. Sports and homework are not get-out-of-housework-free cards. The goal, after all, is to raise adults who can balance a caring role in their families and communities with whatever lifetime achievement goals they choose. Housework teaches that balance. What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right. Can a payment help? Maybe. But if you’re trying to teach kids to share the responsibility of a home, paying them for routine housework is not the right message. 5．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．Very few children get housework done. B．Children are very busy with housework. C．Housework is a must-do for parents. D．Family members should respect each other. 6．What is found in the small study? A．Housework helps a man live a happy life. B．A man’s success depends on his housework. C．Housework benefits a sense of responsibility. D．A child must start doing housework at Age 3. 7．What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph? A．Balance housework and study. B．Help the child do housework positively. C．Do housework by themselves. D．Pay the child for housework. 8．What is the best title of the text? A．Adults Do Less Housework in the US B．Housework Matters to Children. C．Parents Words Speak Louder D．Children Need More Care at Home （三） （23-24高一上·广西北海·期末）Running is one of the most popular sports in the UK. But for many runners, the real reason we head out to beat the roads until our legs hurt is more intangible (无形的) than weight loss or fitness. Many runners become interested in times. They try to break the 40-minute barrier for the 10K, or run under four hours for the marathon. Yet, really, these times are almost meaningless. And as soon as they are achieved, another target is thrown out almost immediately. The times are only the carrots we put in front of ourselves. But why do we put them there in the first place? Nobody ever gives a wise answer. Deep down, we all know the answer. Running brings us joy. Watch small children when they are excited, at play, and mostly they can’t stop running. As we run, we begin to sense that childish joy, which is born to live a wilder existence. As we run, the layers of responsibility and identity we have gathered in our lives, father, mother, lawyer, teacher, all fall away, leaving us with the raw human being. If we push on, running harder, deeper into the loneliness, further away from the world and the structure of our lives, we begin to feel strangely excited, separated yet at the same time connected, to ourselves. With nothing but our own two legs moving us, we begin to get a sense of who, or what, we really are. After a long run, everything seems right in the world. Everything is at peace. To experience this is a powerful feeling, strong enough to have us coming back, again and again, for more. 9．Why does the author think setting time goals is almost meaningless? A．Those time goals are used to exchange carrots. B．Those time goals can’t be achieved without efforts. C．People will be never satisfied with the easily achieved time goals. D．There will always be a new time goal once the former one is achieved. 10．What’s the author’s attitude towards running? A．Positive. B．Passive. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 11．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Breaking records. B．Running for the marathon. C．Feeling lonely after running. D．Feeling peaceful after a long run. 12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Running to Be the Real You B．Running to Lose Weight C．Running to Become an Adult D．Running to Achieve Success （四） （23-24高一上·重庆长寿·期末）Last summer, the story about a CEO who encouraged employees to take mental health days spread online. It led to many media stories about the importance of taking care of your mental health including taking a mental health day when you need one. But what about kids? Should you let your child take a mental health day from school? The answer isn’t a simple yes or no. It’s important for kids to power through some discomfort, like going to school even when they’re afraid of giving a presentation, or when they don’t have their math homework done. There’s a lot of value in showing them that they’re stronger than they think. But when they’re feeling so bad that they’re struggling to function, and going to school is likely to make it worse, a mental health day might be just what the doctor ordered. Letting kids take the occasional(偶尔的) mental health day-maybe once or twice a year-could make them believe that taking care of their minds is vital, just as they should take care of their bodies. It can also be a great opportunity to help them sharpen their emotional skills and build the mental muscles they need to stay strong. A good way to spend a mental health day is to use the time to do the following things. Solve a problem. If your child is stressed out by a specific problem, you might be able to turn a mental health day into a problem-solving opportunity. Practice self-care. If your child is exhausted or overworked, an occasional day off may help him recuperate. It could be an opportunity to develop healthier habits, like going to sleep earlier, eating nutritious (有营养的)food, and getting plenty of exercise. See a professional. If your child is struggling to attend school, seek professional help. Schedule an appointment with your pediatrician(儿科医生)to talk about your child’s mental health needs. A physician may refer you to a mental health professional if it’s necessary. 13．What did people do after reading the story about a CEO? A．They decided to take more days off work. B．They realized mental health needs care too. C．They decided to read some media stories about him. D．They became worried about employees’ mental health. 14．Which of the following shows the author’s opinion? A．All children need a mental health day. B．Kids need a mental health day less than adults. C．Schools should arrange regular mental health days. D．A mental health day is sometimes necessary for children. 15．What does the underlined word “recuperate” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Recover. B．Think. C．Sleep. D．Exercise. 16．What would be the best title for the text? A．When do kids need mental health days? B．Why do people need mental health days? C．How can kids make use of mental health days? D．Should kids be allowed to take mental health days? （五） （23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too ashamed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!” Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably answer in a similar manner. Or harsh (刻薄的) and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive. Words have power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid. Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem (自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours. 17．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Words have a great effect on us. B．Encouraging words give us confidence. C．Negative words may let us down. D．Not sticks and stones but words will hurt us. 18．Why is there no need for us to feel ashamed when we talk to ourselves? A．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves. B．Talking to ourselves can have positive effect on us. C．Talking to ourselves always gives us courage. D．It does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. 19．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．Make ourselves relaxed. B．Remind ourselves. C．Praise ourselves. D．Give ourselves happiness. 20．What can we learn from the text? A．Encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers. B．Negative words may inspire us to make more progress. C．It is better to think twice before talking to others. D．People tend to remember friendly words. （六） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）A recent study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that while sportsmanship among players has improved over the years, sportsmanship in the fans and parents has reduced. It has always interested me why people in the stands often feel they have invested more than the actual participants. Is it the time and money invested into private lessons and travel teams? Is it the college scholarship we need our children to earn? Is it the fear of seeing our kids fail? In any event, we, as parents and fans, should all take a step back and determine if we are helping our kids, or undermining the experience. As a father of four kids who enjoys participating in athletics, I have to remind myself that it is okay when my kid misses a shot, strikes out, or doesn’t play good enough defense. That fact is, it is their game and their experience, and my playing days are over. A good reminder for me when I feel that my kid needs my advice from the stands comes from the great John Wooden, basketball player and head coach at the University of California at Los Angeles. He once said, “Young people need models, not critics (批判者) .” Instead of being upset with what my kid is not doing well, or how an official has “cheated” our team, I should focus on helping my kid learn to respect the other team. I should watch my language and the negative comments that could come from my mouth. I should respect the officials and not argue every call that is made. Perhaps most importantly, I should support my kids’ team, win or lose. Life is tough, and life is not fair. Like life, sports are tough and not always fair. Yet sports can be a wonderful training ground for life’s challenges. Just like we win some and lose some in sports, we also deal with plenty of successes, challenges and failures in our lives. Let’s try to be good sports in both the winning and losing situations and during our successes, challenges and failures. 21．Why does the author mention NCAA’s recent study? A．To introduce the topic of sportsmanship. B．To prove the reduction of sportsmanship. C．To stress the experience of sportsmanship D．To show the improvement of sportsmanship 22．What does the underlined word “invested” mean in paragraph 1? A．Profited. B．Absorbed. C．Devoted. D．Harvested. 23．What should parents do to encourage sportsmanship according to the text? A．Express deep concern about the other teams’ skills. B．Make positive comments on their kids’ performance. C．Back their kids’ team whatever the result of athletics is. D．Respect the other players’ honor whatever cheating happens. 24．Which words can best describe the author? A．Modest and demanding. B．Strict and responsible. C．Kind and warm-hearted. D．Understanding and broad-minded. （七） （23-24高一上·浙江宁波·期末）When living or travelling internationally, we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities. At first, some differences are easy to spot. Over time, however, there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate. Indeed, international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean, because it often differs from what is said. In the UK, outsiders often get confused when they realise that a person making rude comments was actually showing love. In situations like this, context is everything. Likewise, in China, outsiders must infer most meaning from context and from what is not said, rather than from what is. Otherwise, misunderstandings happen. The UK and China contexts share further cultural features, which greatly influence how people communicate, including the cultural trait (特点) of non-conflict. The British will do everything to avoid conflict. They will probably tell the waiter it was lovely even when served with poor quality food. This cultural trait can cause major misunderstandings. For example, a British business partner who is deeply unhappy with your proposal will probably say “there are just a couple of small concerns,” rather than telling you that the entire proposal is unsatisfactory. Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention. Often challenges, errors, mistakes, or problems remain completely taboos (禁忌) as topics of discussion, even though everyone knows of their existence. Instead, people talk about working towards further goals or objectives, rather than directly admit that the current situation is far from satisfactory. Likewise, Chinese people like to keep a sense of harmony within all environments, and so avoid open criticism of each other. This is very similar to the way that a British person might tell you a colleague “is very confident” rather than that they are rude. In this sense, the British and Chinese can appreciate each other for harmony. 25．What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2? A．Polite comments are encouraged. B．Learning what is not said is difficult. C．Context is important in communication. D．Misunderstandings often happen among outsiders. 26．What will the British and the Chinese probably both agree with? A．Talking over taboos in discussions. B．Preventing misunderstandings in work. C．Avoiding discussing one’s mistakes in public. D．Making use of cultural traits in communication. 27．How does the author develop this passage? A．By using figures. B．By making comparison. C．By listing reasons. D．By making classifications. 28．Which is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Cultural Context B．Conflict Prevention C．Cultural Differences D．Communication Puzzles （八） （23-24高一上·上海奉贤·期末）Austria took a striking step to combat the coronavirus pandemic when its government announced that people would not be allowed to enter places such as supermarkets without wearing a face mask. Some might roll their eyes at this, including many scientists. There is disagreement over whether wearing low-quality masks prevents people from inhaling (吸入) the virus, even if it does reduce the chances of them spreading it by sneezing or coughing. Austria will only be distributing regular masks free to shoppers at shop entrances, not the N95 respirators (which do reduce inhalation risks). Some US and European doctors believe mask-wearing is so pointless for those who do not usually face the direct risks medical staff are exposed to that they have urged consumers to donate any masks they have bought to hospitals instead. Yet I think it would be a mistake to sneer at Austria’s move-for two reasons. First, wearing masks has one practical personal benefit: it reminds you to avoid touching your face. This matters. The second reason is that mask-wearing is not just about individual psychology or behavior; it has social implications as well. As Christos Lynteris, a medical anthropologist at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, put it in an opinion column for The New York Times: “Members of a community wear masks not only to fight off disease in a pandemic. They wear masks also to show that they want to stick, and cope, together under the threat of pandemic.” Some Europeans and Americans will scoff. Anglo-Saxon culture tends to prize individualism, not the type of collectivism that has often been valued in Asia. And in a city such as New York, mask-wearing has been such a minority practice that it has almost been associated with a sense of shame －in recent times especially, since some view it as a sign of sickness. The point about mass mask-wearing is that this shame tends to disappear if everyone puts one on. In fact, not wearing a mask is now almost a source of shame in places such as Japan. And while it might be hard to imagine this becoming the case in the US, nothing should be ruled out, given how quickly the shock of COVID-19 is reshaping our ideas of risk, and leading to a rising appreciation in the west for collectivist values. As Lynteris notes, epidemics should be understood not just as “biological events but also as social processes”, since this “is key to their successful containment (抑制)”. If rituals or symbols-like masks-help us to realize this, then so much the better. To put it another way, beating COVID- 19 will not just require medical science, but a dose of social science too. 29．Some Western scientists and doctors roll their eyes at Austria’s move because they think_______. A．medical staff are short of face masks in hospitals B．low-quality face masks can’t stop people sneezing C．wearing a face mask won’t reduce the risk of infection D．donation should be more stressed and encouraged 30．The author thinks it a mistake to sneer at wearing masks in public because_______. A．it has both personal and social benefits B．it helps people practice to not touch their face C．it proves people’s psychological and behavioral well-being D．it implies people can finally solve the problem 31．The underlined word “scoff” in para. 6 implies that some Europeans and Americans_______. A．doubt the social effectiveness of wearing face masks B．view minority practices in public as a sign of sickness C．value individualism so much that they hate collectivism D．don’t take the social implications of face masks seriously 32．The author will probably agree that_______. A．the social sciences are unnecessary for beating COVID- 19 B．holding collectivist values can help contain COVID- 19 C．COVID- 19 can be eliminated through social processes D．mass mask-wearing is impossible in the United States （九） （23-24高一上·北京东城·期末）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings being built. The neighbourhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing will remain of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. What is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighbourhoods must be preserved and it is important to begin this process now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries have chosen new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this. As the population has become larger, people want the usefulness of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also show the beauty of our culture and heritage. How can our children understand our culture if we erase so much of the physical evidence (物证) of it? The reasons for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional connection to the past. There are also good economic reasons in favour of preservation. The repair and preservation of historic sites can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic AI Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local people, eager to learn about their city’s past. Those who are against historic preservation think that it is too expensive. But many recent projects all over the world have told us that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation (翻新) of an existing building can cost about $40 per square metre less than even the most basic new building, while preserving the beauty of the original building. What is more, environmental experts believe that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New building almost always has a more serious environmental influence because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. 33．How does the author feel about his neighbourhood? A．Unsafe. B．Confused. C．Bored. D．Upset. 34．As for international visitors, which would the author agree with? A．They prefer modern accommodation. B．They get along well with local people. C．They want to learn about culture and traditions. D．They choose destinations based on local economy. 35．What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph? A．The advantages of historic preservation. B．Recent progress in heritage preservation. C．The challenges historic preservation faces. D．People’s impression of preservation projects. （十） （23-24高一上·北京顺义·期末）Is your teen time really that different from that of your parents or grandparents? Weak. Easy to be angry. Addicted to their phones. Are these what come to mind when we think of the teens of this generation (一代人)? While there may be a little of truth to this thought, there might be more to the teens of this generation than what is generally seen. Never before have the lives of any generation been as connected with mobile technology and social media as the teens of this generation. It follows then that there will be some problems resulting from this new age of technology. The popular use of social media has led to a world in which teens are responsible to join. Compared to the parents or grandparents who were likely less connected, these teens are “busy” in their social circles. It is no wonder then that the health of this generation’s teens has been damaged. Moreover, the teens today are more independent. This is quite different from the more village spirit or community thought of the parents’ and grandparents’ times. Gone is the relationship among neighbours who are friendly with one another and quick to offer a helping hand when they see another in need. In its place, we have teens who may not even know who lives in the unit next to theirs, much less offer a friendly nod or wave when they happen to cross streets with a neighbour. Yet, the influences of technology on the teens of this generation are not all bad. The very connectedness that social media brings about has led to an opening of minds and a development of dialogue among people of various cultures and backgrounds. Using social media means that one can know those people and their different ways of life. The parents or grandparents of this generation probably did not have the same chance to get to know people outside of their social circles at their age, so they may have fixed ideas of people different from them. The teens of this generation, on the other hand, has the chance to use this technology to learn more about and try to understand the various things out there. As a result, this might be why the teens of this generation are generally more open-minded than their parents and grandparents. All in all, the teens of this generation are different in many ways from their elders. Every generation is a product of the events of their time and this generation therefore is different from past generations, with the changes around them at the same time. 36．Which statement is correct according to the passage? A．Most old people may not know their next-door neighbors. B．People usually think the new generation is stronger and calmer. C．Social media and technology may bring some influences to teens. D．The new generation may have fixed ideas of people different from them. 37．What does the underlined word “damaged” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Broken. B．Relieved. C．Increased. D．Developed. 38．According to the writer, which of the following words can best describe the new generation? A．Brave and smart. B．Open and independent. C．Friendly and confident. D．Responsible and patient. 39．What can we learn from Paragraph 5? A．The new generation is better because of their age. B．Technology has bad influences on the old generation. C．People use social media to learn different people. D．The use of social media brings some benefits to the new generation. 40．Which would be the best title (标题) for this passage? A．How Does the New Generation Change the Culture? B．How Are Teens Today Different from Past Generations? C．What Are the Weaknesses of the Old and New Generation? D．What Are the Influences of Technology on the New Generation? （十一） （23-24高一上·甘肃金昌·期中）It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 41．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 42．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 43．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 44．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. （十二） （23-24高一上·辽宁辽阳·期末）When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 45．How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 46．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 47．Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 48．What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. （十三） （23-24高一上·江西抚州·期末）Movie stars might think their lives are private after leaving the acting location, but they ought to know that they have much power over their audience. The power gives them an ability to change people, events, even history, making them to have the responsibility of being good role models. With time going on, movie stars become celebrities (名人) and in the process get a large number of fans. Some of them follow their deeds, dress, and act like them. In reality, they want to be like their favorite movie stars. If a movie star engages in acts that the society does not approve, those who look up to them, especially the teens, will do the same. Movie stars should be responsible for what they do and say as following the actions is now simpler because of social media. It is important to behave like a role model even when they think no one is watching. Nobody is perfect, and movie stars also have had their down moments. They may not have been good role models at the time, but they can change the narrative by doing the right things. They can also turn the past shortcomings into positives by opening up about problems and how they overcame the challenges. And their audience can learn to discuss their problems and seek help. People starring in movies are the target of companies to promote their products or services for a fee. Their celebrity status is a reason enough to think beyond the payment. A movie star should not recommend something that will influence the way teens live negatively. It would be wrong to promote something like sweetened drinks or foods without health benefits. Movie stars face problems like other people, but because of their influence, they have a responsibility to be role models in the public eye. 49．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Fans often follow their stars’ dress and hobbies. B．Celebrities’ actions spread fast on social media. C．Movie stars should be responsible for their fans. D．Movie stars’ acts have a great impact on their fans. 50．How should movie stars deal with their down moments? A．Lie to fans by making up a story. B．Do the right things to overcome the problems. C．Cover their problems with good movies. D．Post their problems online to seek help. 51．Which is the author’s advice to celebrities? A．Don’t tell problems to the public. B．Don’t play roles that have a negative impact on teens. C．Don’t ask for payment when promoting products. D．Don’t recommend unhealthy drinks or foods. 52．What is the author’s purpose of writing this article? A．To tell movie stars how to help people in need. B．To stress movie stars’ impact on teens. C．To call on movie stars to be good role models. D．To advise movie stars to open up about their problems. （十四） （23-24高一上·江西南昌·期末）It’s common for people to have the idea, believing that happiness will come after reaching certain goals. This can include things like getting a promotion, finding a romantic partner, or reaching a certain level of life success. While these achievements can certainly bring some happiness, this way of thinking can lead to an endless cycle of waiting for the next thing to bring happiness. The truth is that happiness should not be dependent on material achievements but rather a choice we make in each moment. By linking happiness with outside factors, we often lose sight of the present moment and miss the joy that can be found in everyday experiences. It’s important to realize that happiness is not something that can be achieved in the future, but rather a state of mind that we can keep at present. By being present, we can appreciate the simple pleasures in life, like the warmth of the sun on our skin, the laughter of loved ones, or the taste of a delicious meal. Life is indeed filled with challenges, which are an important part of our journey towards personal growth. They often push us out of our comfort zones and force us to think creatively and find new solutions, providing us with opportunities to learn, get valuable experience and discover our inner strength. By embracing these opportunities to learn, we can grow and become better equipped to handle future challenges instead of always waiting for the perfect moment or for all our problems to be solved before allowing ourselves to be happy. When we understand that challenges are not difficulties to our happiness but rather opportunities for growth and learning, we can appreciate the present moment and find happiness regardless of the situations. Rather than waiting for future events to bring happiness, it’s better to accept the present and find joy and contentment in the journey itself. Let’s grasp the opportunity and embrace the joy that is within our reach. Time waits for no one, so why wait to be happy? 53．How can people find happiness according to the passage? A．By reaching certain goals. B．By achieving material success. C．By being content with present situation. D．By keeping seeking new experiences. 54．What do challenges bring to us? A．Perfect moments. B．Comfort zones. C．Inner beauty D．Personal progress. 55．What does the underlined word “embracing” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Accepting. B．Assuming C．Creating D．Believing 56．What is the text mainly about? A．The chance of personal growth. B．The way to get the happiness. C．The courage to face the challenge. D．The solution to achieve the goals. （十五） （23-24高一上·福建厦门·期末）“FIND YOUR PASSION (热爱)! ”  This inspiring instruction suggests it’s important to discover what truly excites us in life. But is it good advice? Science tells us that passions are developed. They can be raised through curiosity and repeated practices. Our first interest can be developed into a true passion with positive experiences. But “finding” a passion means that it already exists and is waiting to be discovered. This misunderstanding can hold people back. Fortunately, our latest research shows there are ways to encourage a more open outlook about it. To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets: fixed mindset sees interests as unchangeable, while a growth mindset views interests and passions as developed. A growth mindset of interest comes with many advantages, while a fixed mindset may discourage exploration. In one study, after we excited participants’(参与者的) interest in a topic of black holes with an easy-to-understand video, people with a fixed mindset came to dislike the topic when faced with a technical article. Those with a growth mindset kept their new-found interest despite the difficulty. So can a growth mindset of interest be taught? We published findings with 700 liberal arts undergraduates, most of whom held limited interest in math and science. We offered students either our intervention (干预) or a study skills module. The intervention included reading and reflective writing activities that helped students think about interests and passions as developed rather than found and fixed. For example, students wrote a paragraph about a case when they developed interest in a new activity. The study skills module, meanwhile, stressed practices such as time management. By the end of the school year, the students who had received the intervention were more interested in their required math and science courses——and earned better grades in those courses—than their study skills peers. While our intervention offers a way for schools to support their students, we also believe people can independently build up a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in developing them. 57．What does “this misunderstanding” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Passions can be developed with more practices. B．Interest is of great help to build up confidence. C．Passions are fixed and wait to be uncovered. D．Interest can be discouraged by repeated work. 58．Why does the author mention the “black holes” study? A．To make a prediction. B．To show the difference. C．To protest a decision. D．To explain the rule. 59．What can we learn about the study from paragraph 4? A．Students were grouped based on types of mindset. B．Reflective writings helped students build up interest. C．Study skills were used to reduce students’ stress. D．Better grades contributed to one’s favour to a subject. 60．Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A．Love what you do, and you’ll keep going and become better. B．Find what you love, and you’ll never have to work a day. C．It can always be easy and exciting to dig into new areas. D．It is much better to get lost in the passion than to lose it. （十六） （23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers? What do they want? Many of the thousands of replies suggested that the majority of the flying public cannot understand why someone would ever choose the middle over a window or an aisle (走廊). But among the majority appeared a few people who endorse middle seats. “In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.” Kyle Burke, in Florida, said on Twitter that he usually exchanged seats when asked. “I didn’t want to sit between a couple that were upset with me,” he told The Washington Post. At 6-foot-7, Burke, 41, said he didn’t fit well in plane seats, anyway. So, he preferred the middle, which gives him double chance of having a chatty neighbor. Frederick resident Samantha Jones told The Post by email that she usually chose the middle seat when traveling alone. As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.” Despite the few fans, middle seats are still not likely to get much respect. “There’s nothing good in the middle seat,” Scott McCartney, the writer of the journal Middle Seat said. “The position’s infamy (臭名昭著) was part of the reason for the journal’s name.” He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.” 61．How does the author start the text? A．By challenging a common belief. B．By raising a couple’s questions. C．By comparing travelers’ preferences. D．By presenting an unusual seat choice. 62．What does the underlined word “endorse” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Exchange. B．Resist. C．Support. D．Indicate. 63．Why does Samantha prefer the middle seat? A．It provides larger space. B．It reduces unnecessary trouble. C．It avoids family responsibilities. D．It offers networking opportunities. 64．Why did Scott choose “Middle Seat” as the name of his journal? A．To catch readers’ eyes. B．To voice his own taste. C．To make people think. D．To urge airlines to change. （十七） （23-24高一上·山东威海·期末）The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they read a paper book compared to reading an e-book. One school responded to these findings by ditching its e-readers. The students found that “the ease of navigation (导航)” was greater when using a traditional book. I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world. E-books may come with “navigational tools,” but it turns out the best navigational tools are the “devices” at the ends of your arms. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward.   Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening part to help you remember the hero’s name. They even have a “bookmark system,” which uses something called a “bookmark.” Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It has no “progress bar (进度条)” indicating how much of the book has been read. Luckily, a clever tip is available: turn your book so that it can be viewed from the side or top. It will naturally form two parts joined in the middle. If the left part is thicker than the right one, you are more than halfway through. Admittedly, e-books are lighter than paper books, but one must question whether this is really an advantage. In secondary school my body figure was actually transformed by the daily need to carry textbooks. For me and my fellow students, these weighty books would draw our shoulders back and our chests forward. Educational fashions come and go, so maybe the return of traditional books won’t last. But for the moment, I find myself welcoming their wonderful return. 65．Which can best replace the underlined “ditching” in paragraph 1? A．Referring to. B．Getting rid of. C．Getting used to. D．Making use of. 66．What can serve as the “navigational tool” of printed books? A．Bookmarks. B．Fingers. C．The progress bar. D．The opening part. 67．What purpose does the example in paragraph 5 serve? A．To explain an opposing idea. B．To provide additional information. C．To support the author’s argument. D．To connect paragraph five and paragraph six. 68．What might be the best title? A．Why the Printed Book Is Back? B．How the Printed Book Benefits us? C．What Future the Printed Book Faces? D．Which Is Better, Printed Book or E-book? （十八） （23-24高一上·浙江台州·期末）Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and in their place, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. There is good reason for this. Residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, how can our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of it? The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation (修缮) and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, drawing tourists and small businesses to the area. For example, in Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city's past. Some have argued that historic preservation is too expensive, but many recent projects have demonstrated that this is not necessarily the case. In fact, renovation of an existing structure for adaptive reuse can cost about £40 per square metre less than even the most basic new construction, while preserving the beauty of the original building. And, although it is often claimed that old buildings have a more significant environmental footprint than new construction because they aren’t very energy efficient, architects and environmental experts maintain that the greenest building is the one that is already built. New construction almost always has a more serious environmental impact (影响) because it requires the use of all-new materials that must be transported, often over long distances, instead of recycled materials that are already on site. We recycle so many other things. We can and should recycle buildings, too. Historic preservation is an option that opens many possibilities; demolition (拆毁), in contrast, is irreversible. Once these treasures are lost, they are lost forever, an important link in our heritage that can never be recovered. 69．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 70．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 71．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces environmental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 72．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. （十九） （23-24高一上·浙江丽水·期末）Everywhere you go, it seems like people are using something to reduce the noise in their lives. They wear over-ear headphones on public transportation, during long flights, or in open-plan offices, or use colored earplugs (耳塞) at concerts. Silence is now big business, with the global market for noise-cancelling headphones bringing $13.1 billion in 2021. Experts predict that this figure will triple by 2031. While these market-based solutions are becoming popular, they raise a question: Are there physical and social effects to shutting out the world around us? Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s to reduce cockpit noise for pilots. The headphones today use technology known as active noise control. However, too much of a good thing also has its downsides. Many studies have shown that constant earplug wearing, day and night, over just one week can lead to a condition known as tinnitus (耳鸣). “When you stop listening to outside sounds, your brain starts to turn up its ‘internal volume’ so that it can still pick up on things.” McAlpine says. “If you stop the sound going into your ears, it’s like messing with how your brain is supposed to work naturally.” When it comes to distraction (干扰), the type of noise may matter as much as volume. Moderate (适中的) background noise, around 70dB, has been found to advance performance on creative tasks, for example. “Some people can work really effectively in buzzy cafes and even airports, and yet they can’t focus in the same way in an office. Even if it isn’t as noisy,” McAlpine says. “Your brain in the office is automatically paying attention to all those other conversations — because they might be about something you need to know.” How, then, can we deal with all the loud distractions in our modern lives? An over-dependence on noise-cancelling technology is not necessarily the solution, says McAlpine. “We have given more control to outside sources over our sound environment compared to our visual environment,” he says. If people started wearing AR/VR goggles and living in their own virtual worlds instead of focusing on improving the physical environment, “And that’s problematic.” 73．What is the purpose of noise-cancelling headphones? A．To pick up the sounds. B．To reduce the rate of tinnitus. C．To improve performance on creative tasks. D．To create a sense of silence in noisy environments. 74．Which statement is TRUE according to the article? A．Wearing noise-cancelling headphones has no physical or social costs. B．Creative task performance can be improved by the moderate background noise. C．Noise-cancelling technology was first developed in the 1950s for concertgoers. D．The global market for noise-cancelling headphones is believed to drop by 2031. 75．What does the underlined word “buzzy” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Lively. B．Advanced. C．Interesting. D．Quiet. 76．What attitude does McAlpine hold towards the over-dependence on the technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. （二十） （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末）What impresses you most when you think back to your years at university? For me, it is my first Greek philosophy class from Dr. Degenaar at Stellenbosch University. Dr. Degenaar came into the lecture room on the first Friday morning of the term and asked us to write down our own definition of the “soul”. Here was the “teacher” asking us what we thought—it was an almost literally mind-blowing experience. He was not telling us what he thought but asking us how we saw something. The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom. Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who “taught” me during that year. I remember they “taught” me the history of Greek philosophy, but I remember little of that history and absolutely nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr. Degenaar’s class, for my own interest. I took further courses with Dr. Degenaar in the following years. Like the first class, there was little “lecturing” at us, but far more involvement of us all in a process of mutual (共同的) discovery in which we learned a lot about each other and the important issues of the day. The excitement of discovery stays with me. Then it took me almost another 20 years to get a deeper understanding of what had happened in that lecture hall: experiential learning. Traditionally, learners have been seen as “empty containers” waiting to be “filled” with learning given them by the teacher. The learner is, therefore, dependent on the teacher for what to think and how to think. Compliance (遵从) is rewarded and so independent and original thinking is not developed. In contrast, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a “teacher” or “lecturer” says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it. 77．What did the author think of his first Greek philosophy class? A．Boring. B．Amazing. C．Confusing. D．Challenging. 78．Why does the author compare Dr. Degenaar and the other lecturers? A．To prove Dr. Degenaar’s devotion to his career. B．To stress Dr. Degenaar’s great influence on him. C．To point out Dr. Degenaar’s popularity among students. D．To show the author’s deep interest in Greek philosophy. 79．How does experiential learning differ from traditional learning? A．It combines theory with practice. B．It has no limit on learning places. C．It encourages independent thinking. D．It focuses more on the result of learning. 80．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce his respected teachers. B．To share his favorite university lesson. C．To explain the factors of experiential learning. D．To recommend an effective learning approach. （二十一） （23-24高一上·江苏常州·期末）Should martial arts be part of the school curriculum (课程)? In the United States and most of Europe, self-defense is not taught at schools. Yes, schools have after-school clubs with trainers from both inside and outside the school using the gyms and classroom to teach a big range of martial arts, but schools very rarely have it on their curriculum, let alone as a main subject. But after new research that shows that obesity (肥胖) levels are still rising in the first world at a surprising rate, some are suggesting that martial arts may help fight obesity, and also help children become better adapted to the wider world in terms of self-defense and discipline (自律). Martial arts provide not just a physical work out, but also a chance to develop self-defense skills while training both the body and mind to be disciplined and mindful. Studies have shown that there is a significant connection between practicing martial arts and self-esteem (自尊). Through the arts, students can develop discipline, and cultivate respect for different cultures-something even more important than ever before in our increasingly divided societies. Martial arts also strengthen muscles,improves flexibility and balance. Everyone knows that with better physical health, come better, happier lives. However, some have been keen to point out that yes, martial arts in every school would be great, but finding those who are trained and qualified (合格的) to teach martial arts could probably prove to be challenge. They believe it is a chicken and egg situation, where without compulsory (强制的) curriculum of martial arts, those who are good at it may never find themselves in a dojo (武术馆) to find out. But to bring it to everyone you need experienced trainers who can teach the martial arts without fear of mishap (不幸事故) or physical damage. 81．What’s the topic of this text? A．What martial arts are. B．Whether martial arts should be on school curriculum. C．Who should teach martial arts as a main subject at school. D．How martial arts work for schools. 82．Why should martial arts be added into the curriculum? A．Self-defense is not taught at schools. B．Obesity levels are still rising fast in the world. C．It provides physical and mental benefits. D．It can help prevent physical damage. 83．What are the “chicken” and the “egg” in the “a chicken and egg situation” in the last paragraph? A．Building a dojo and finding the trainers. B．Teaching martial arts and the physical damage. C．Lack of trainers and the fear of mishap. D．Lack of trainers and no compulsory curriculum of martial arts. 84．What is the author’s attitude towards adding martial arts to the curriculum? A．Unclear. B．Uninterested. C．Disliking. D．Negative. 试卷第1页，共3页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$