第07讲 单项选择之非谓语动词（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）-【决胜春考】2025 春季高考英语冲刺总复习（天津专用）

( 第 07 讲： 单项选择之非谓语动词 ) 1、 考试要求 高考对非谓语动词的考试要求主要侧重以下几个方面： 1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本形式及其基本用法。 2. 灵活运用非谓语各种形式。 3. 掌握非谓语动词的句子成分。 2、 命题分析 年份 非谓语动词 难度系数 2024 不定式作定语； 0.65 0.65　 2023 现在分词作定语；现在分词的完成式作状语；过去分词作定语；现在分词作状语 0.94 2022 现在分词作状语；不定式作目的状语； 0.65 0.65　 2021 动词的固定结构、不定式的一般式；现在分词作定语； 0.65 2020 现在分词作状语；不定式作目的状语（2）；过去分词作状语； 0.65　 根据近几年天津高考真题可知，非谓语主要考查了非谓语做定语，非谓语做状语的形式。因此在备考过程中要多侧重非谓语做定语和状语。 ( 考点1 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 ) 一、动名词和不定式作主语 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是： 表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式； 表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。 ▶Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象) ▶It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) 注意： ①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如： ▶To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. ②常用动名词作主语的句型： ▶It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 二、动名词和不定式作宾语 1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose， plan; agree，ask/beg，help。 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 ☞She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。 2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀：  避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习，  喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，  逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。   avoid, miss, delay,  suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, resist, admit, deny , envy,  escape, risk, pardon,  stand, keep, mind ☞I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。 3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词 ①forget to do sth.　　忘记要去做某事(此事未做) forget doing sth.　　忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) remember to do sth.　　记得去做某事(未做) remember doing sth.　　记得做过某事(已做) ②stop to do　　停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 stop doing　　停止正在或经常做的事 go on to do　　继续(去做另外一件事情) go on doing　　继续(原先没有做完的事情) ③regret to do sth.　　对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事) regret doing sth.　　对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事) ④try to do　　努力、企图做 try doing　　试验、试一试某种办法 ⑤mean to do　　(人)打算，有意要…… mean doing　　(物)意味着 ⑥can't help (to) do sth.　　不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.　　情不自禁做某事 三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语 作表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)，和分词(done，doing) ■ 不定式作表语 ①Her wish was to become an artist. 她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。 ②The most important thing is to put theory into practice. 最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。 ③Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson. 我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。 总结： 不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容，如①；表示将来的动作，如②；表示目的，如③。因此，在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。 ■ 动名词作表语 ①My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) ②Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 总结：动名词作表语，表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份，职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如①。此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性，如②。例②还可以说成： To see is to believe. 试比较：一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语; 表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式. ☞Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子. ☞Our task now is to develop our economy.我们的任务是发展经济。 ■ 分词作表语 首先做一些练习 ①The situation is____(encourage). ②The door remained____(lock) when he came again. 总结： surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage， inspire，shock，move等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。 如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被 动关系，用-done这种形式，表示主语的状态。 ☞The news astonished us. 这句话就表明了the news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动 关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子： ☞The news was astonishing. ☞We were astonished(by the news) ( 考点2 非谓语动词作定语 ) 高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：　　 不定式作定语；　　 -ing分词作定语；　　 -ed分词作定语。 1．不定式作定语　　　 ① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中， 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作 之前。　　　　 ☞She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.　　　 ② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.　　　　 ☞Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.　　　　　 ☞We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)　　　 ③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式 多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。　　　　 ☞I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)　　　　　　　 ☞Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything)　　　　　　　 ☞Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.　　　　　　　 在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较： There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.)　　　　　　　 There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)　　 2．-ing分词作定语　　　 ① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的 单个-ing分词也常后置。　　　　 a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )　　　　a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )　　　　　　　 the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )　　　　　　　 The girl singing is my classmate.　　　 ② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则， 要用从句作定语。　　　　 ☞Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?　　　　　　　 ☞Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?　　　　　　　 ☞The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 　　　　 比较： 【误】He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 　　　　　　　 【正】He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 　　 3．-ed分词作定语 　　　 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。 　　 a developed/developing country 　　　　　 He is a student loved by all the teachers. 　　　　　 The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 　　 ( 考点3 非谓语动词作补语 ) 1. 带to的不定式（ to do ）作宾补的动词，常见的有： ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。 ☞ The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 ☞ She wanted him to sing for her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 ☞ The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。 2. 常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词： 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, observe 半帮助：help sb. to do/do sth. 表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。 ☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 ☞To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。 ☞The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。 3. V-ing形式作宾补 V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。 ☞I hear someone knocking at the door. ☞I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time. 4. V-ed形式作宾补 着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。 ☞He saw the thief caught by the police. ☞I’m going to have my hair cut. ( 考点4 非谓语动词作状语 ) 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 ☞To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。 (2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 ☞We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 (3)作原因状语 ①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud， disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。 ☞We’re proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。 ②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容 词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 ☞The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。 【解题技巧】 动词的不定式用法口诀： ( 不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。 　　没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。 　　主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。 　　not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。 　　疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。 　　仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。 ) 2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等) (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 ☞Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 (2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 ☞Having cleaned the desks，we began reading. 擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。 (3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 ☞Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. 我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。 (4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 ☞Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 (5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 ☞Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。 ( 难点剖析 ) 独立主格结构 （一）独立主格结构的形式 独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。 1. 名词/代词+形容词 ☞I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。 ☞He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。 2. 名词/代词+现在分词 ☞Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 ☞The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。 3. 名词/代词+过去分词 ☞More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。 ☞The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。 4. 名词/代词（主格）+不定式 ☞Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month. 这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。 ☞The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friend\s 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。 5. 名词/代词+介词短语 ☞The huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。 6. 名词/代词+副词 ☞Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。 ☞Lunch over ,he left the house .But he was thinking. 午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。 7. 名词/代词+名词 ☞He fought the wolf ,a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。 8. with 复合结构 它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。 ☞Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour. 福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语） ☞He used to sleep with the door open . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词） ☞With a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village. 由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词） ☞With the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词） ☞With you to help us, we will finish the task in time 有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式） ☞Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night . 夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词） 从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。 （二）独立主格结构的用法 它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 1. 作时间状语 ☞The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。 2. 作条件状语 ☞Weather permitting(＝If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 3. 作原因状语 ☞An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 4. 作伴随状语 ☞He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) . 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 5. 表补充说明 ☞A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) . 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。 注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 1．（2024·天津·高考真题）The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours. A．disappointing B．to disappoint C．having disappointed D．disappointed 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】现在分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于突然的雷暴天气，组织者不得不取消了户外音乐会，使得等待了几个小时的粉丝们非常失望。此处作状语，表示“自然而然的结果”，户外音乐会的取消让粉丝们失望，故应用现在分词作结果状语，故选A。 2．（2024·天津·高考真题）From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places. A．to discover B．to be discovering C．to be discovered D．to have discovered 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】不定式的一般式：to+动词原形、discover 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从第一批探险者到今天的旅行者，人类一直抱有发现新领域的渴望。discover意为“发现”，与句子主语humans构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用to discover作desire的后置定语。故选A。 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A．originating B．originated C．being originated D．having originated 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】现在分词作定语、originate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表，主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓语has，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰fine clocks，且动词originate(源于)和fine clocks是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故选A。 4．（2023·天津·高考真题）_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system. A．Trying B．Tried C．Having tried D．Having been tried 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】try、现在分词的完成式：having done 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在两个月的时间里，这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整，最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。本句谓语为succeeded，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语the engineer与try“尝试”为主动关系，且此处强调动作try发生在谓语succeeded之前，应用现在分词的完成式having tried，作状语。故选A。 5．（2023·天津·高考真题）The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public. A．posting B．to post C．posted D．to be posted 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去分词作定语 【详解】考查非谓语动词、句意：这位英雄的感人故事被张贴在网上，已经吸引了成千上万的“赞”和数百条公众评论。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词story 是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故选C。 6．（2023·天津·高考真题）________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A．Dating B．Being dated C．To date D．To be dated 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】现在分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪，距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到，始于”，其后接表示具体时间的名词，没有被动语态；根据句中已有谓语动词has，且无连词，可知此处要用非调语动词，此处是现在分词形式作状语。故选A。 7．（2022·天津·高考真题）The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A．allowing B．being allowed C．having allowed D．having been allowed 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】allow、现在分词作状语、现在分词表示主动意义 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个城市的温度已经从历史最低温度回归正常，使得人们又重新开始享受户外活动。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词是have returned，allow用非谓语动词形式作状语，根据句意，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故选A。 8．（2022·天津·高考真题）________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A．To be kept B．Kept C．To keep D．Keeping 【答案】C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】不定式作目的状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动，James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处意为“为了”表示目的，所以该处为不定式作目的状语,且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系。故选C项。 9．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A．to have taught B．to teach C．teaching D．having taught 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】teach(taught taught)、动词的固定结构、不定式的一般式：to+动词原形 【详解】考查动词的固定结构。句意：玛丽在14岁时成为了一名面包师，因为她的祖父付钱给当地的面包师来教她所有的技能。短语pay sb. to do sth.，意为“雇佣某人做某事”，根据句意，故选B。 10．（2021·天津·高考真题）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】extend、现在分词作定语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的国道318号，从上海到西藏樟木，延伸出5000多公里，因为它的令人赞叹的景观，被熟知为“天堂之路”。分析句子成分可知，is known as是整个句子的谓语动词，所以空格处应填非谓语动词，extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间的关系为主动，所以用extending。故选C。 11．（2020·天津·高考真题）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A．being clapped B．clap C．clapped D．clapping 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】现在分词作状语 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中，have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语，其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故选D。 12．（2020·天津·高考真题）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】不定式作目的状语 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。 13．（2020·天津·高考真题）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】不定式作目的状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知，句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice，空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系，因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。 14．（2020·天津·高考真题）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. A．Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去分词作状语、过去分词表示被动意义 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式，不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。 15．（2019·天津·高考真题）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．being designed 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去分词作定语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。a course和design之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故选A。 16．（2019·天津·高考真题）________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning D．Having learned 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动名词作主语 【详解】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语，此处用动名词作主语，故选C。 17．（2019·天津·高考真题） volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. A．To study B．Studying C．Having studied D．Studied 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】现在分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：在研究火山多年之后，我仍然对它们的美丽以及它们造成巨大破坏的潜力感到惊讶。study与主语是逻辑主谓关系，且强调“研究”发生在主句谓语动作之前，应使用现在分词的完成式。故C选项正确。 18．（2019·天津·高考真题）The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed out of the reading room”. A．being taken B．to take C．to be taken D．taking 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】不定式作主语补足语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：图书馆墙上的牌子上写着：“杂志不允许带出阅览室。”be allowed to do“被允许做”。根据句意可知，此处应使用被动式。故C选项正确。 19．（2018·天津·高考真题）【2018·天津】I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. A．to eat；to try B．eating；trying C．eating；to try D．to eat； trying 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】动词的固定结构 【详解】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。 点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。 20．（2018·天津·高考真题）【2018·天津】I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A．taking B．taken C．being taken D．take 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去分词作补足语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。 点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。 21．（2018·天津·高考真题）Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary. A．ordered B．ordering C．to have ordered D．having been ordered 【答案】B 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：泰勒太太逛了商店，订购了她认为必要的东西。分析句子可知，Mrs. Taylor 与order在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选B项。 22．（2018·天津·高考真题）There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______ for medical research has been well spent. A．used B．using C．to use D．to be used 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】过去分词作定语 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：近年来医学取得了许多进展。这意味着用于医学研究的钱花得很值。分析句子可知，money与use在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故选A项。 名校模拟练 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Nowadays doctors can perform incredibly precise operations ______ advanced robotics and live imaging technology. A．using B．used C．having used D．having been used 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】现在分词作状语 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：如今，医生们可以利用先进的机器人技术和实时成像技术进行难以置信的精确手术。分析句子结构可知，use在句子中为非谓语动词，它和doctors之间为逻辑主动关系，因此使用现在分词作方式状语，故选A。 2．（2024·天津·二模）It is recently reported that the number of people ______ a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change their cooking in some way. A．stick to B．sticking to C．stuck to D．having stuck to 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】stick to、现在分词作定语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约一半的英国消费者希望以某种方式改变他们的烹饪方式。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词people与stick to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故选B。 3．（2024·天津和平·二模）Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动名词作主语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当灾难发生时，很多人都不知道该做什么。做好准备是提高生存几率的最佳方法。“_______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival.”中is之前的部分应为句子的主语，因此需要使用动名词形式或动名词短语作主语。prepare“准备”，be prepared“准备妥当”。选项A为过去式或过去分词，不可作主语；选项B为动名词的完成式，强调“准备”的动作先于谓语动作发生，但此处未明确表达此时间关系；选项C为动词原形，不能直接作主语；选项D为动名词的一般式，符合语法要求，表示“处于准备状态”的概念，适合充当句子主语。故选D。 4．（2024·天津和平·二模）An hour’s sport each day left me tired out and _______ to go to bed early. A．to want B．wanting C．wanted D．want 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】want、wanted、现在分词作补足语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每天一小时的运动让我疲惫不堪，想早点上床睡觉。A. to want想要；B. wanting想要；C. wanted想要；D. want想要。空处应为宾语补足语，空前有并列连词and，连接两个非谓语动词，动词want与逻辑主语me之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故选B项。 5．（2024·天津河东·二模）Jerry received 3 text messages from his bank, ________ him that 3 online payments had just been made from his account. A．informed B．to inform C．informing D．inform 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】inform、现在分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰瑞从银行收到了三条短信，通知他刚刚从他的账户中进行了三笔在线支付。句中已有谓语received，空处作非谓语动词，messages和inform为主动关系，所以空处应用现在分词形式作状语。故选C项。 6．（2024·天津·二模）__________ by his actions, she quietly walked away, cutting off all contact with him from that moment on. A．Disappointing B．Disappointed C．To disappoint D．Being disappointed 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】disappoint、disappointed、disappointing、过去分词作状语、-ing形容词和-ed形容词辨析 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她对他的行为感到失望，悄悄地走开了，从那一刻起就切断了与他的一切联系。动词disappoint“使失望”和主语之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词作状语，表示原因，disappointed已转化为形容词，意为“感到失望的”，修饰人。故选B。 7．（2024·天津·二模）Clown doctors do magic tricks in the hospital, __________ the pain of the patients like medicines. A．relieved B．to relieve C．relieving D．relieve 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】relieve、现在分词作状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小丑医生在医院里变魔术，像药物一样减轻病人的痛苦。句中已有谓语do，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意以及常识可知，小丑医生变魔术可以给人带来快乐，自然而然的结果是减轻病人的痛苦，空处应用现在分词形式relieving作结果状语。故选C项。 8．（2024·天津·一模）When I entered the room, I found Emily seated quietly on the sofa, her eyes ______ on the storybook. A．fixed B．fixing C．to fix D．to be fixed 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】fix、独立主格结构 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：当我走进房间时，我发现艾米丽静静地坐在沙发上，眼睛盯着故事书。her eyes为独立主语，此处为独立主格结构，其中的动词fix应为非谓语形式，her eyes和fix为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故选A项。 9．（2024·天津·一模）______ going to study in the United States, Dahlia began to pack her luggage. A．To approve of B．Approving of C．Having approved of D．Having been approved of 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去分词作状语、approve of 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被批准去美国留学后，达利娅开始收拾行李。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，approve of和逻辑主语Dahlia为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，结合approve of该动作先于began之前发生，所以此处为过去分词的完成式，即having been done。故选D项。 10．（2024·天津·二模）A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去分词作补足语、with的复合结构 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：各种内置滤镜的应用程序允许用户软化皱纹或调整面部特征的大小和形状。设空处为with的宾语补足语，和宾语 filters之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，构成with的复合结构，故选C。 11．（2024·天津·二模）The headmaster blamed the naughty student caught ________ flowers in the garden. A．to be picking B．picking C．to pick D．to have picked 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】现在分词作补足语 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：校长指责那个被抓住在花园里摘花的淘气学生。短语catch sb doing sth，意为“抓到某人正在做某事”，符合句意，所以这里应用现在分词作补足语，caught ________flowers in the garden修饰the naughty student作后置定语，故选B。 12．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then. A．setting B．set C．to set D．having set 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去分词作定语、set(set set) 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：美国著名作家弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的小说《了不起的盖茨比》，以1920年代为背景，揭示了当时社会的空虚与焦虑。be set in“以……为背景”为固定短语，空处在句中作非谓语，把be去掉即可。故选B项。 13．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）It’s important to share China’s wisdom-filled art with people worldwide, truly ______ traditional Chinese culture to be understood. A．allowed B．to allow C．allowing D．being allowed 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】allow、现在分词作状语 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：与世界各地的人们分享中国充满智慧的艺术，真正让中国传统文化被理解是很重要的。空处为非谓语动词，allow与上文为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作状语。故选C项。 14．（2024·天津北辰·三模）Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. A．designing B．to be designed C．being designed D．designed 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】design、过去分词作定语 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：温莎城堡的商店提供为皇家收藏设计的各种纪念品，包括书籍、明信片、瓷器、珠宝和儿童玩具。句中已有谓语offer，空处作非谓语动词，design和逻辑主语souvenirs是被动关系，且结合语意可知，design这一动作已经完成，空处应用design的过去分词形式作souvenirs的后置定语。故选D项。 15．（2024·天津·二模）A fisherman claimed to have witnessed a giant sea turtle this morning _______ almost two meters long. A．measured B．having measured C．measuring D．to be measured 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】measure、现在分词作定语、现在分词表示主动意义 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位渔民声称今天早上看到了一只将近两米长的巨型海龟。本句谓语为claimed，此处为非谓语动词，且turtle与measure“（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。having measured强调测量的动作已完成，不符合题意，故排除。故选C。 ( 第 22 页 共 27 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ( 第 07 讲： 单项选择之非谓语动词 ) 1、 考试要求 高考对非谓语动词的考试要求主要侧重以下几个方面： 1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本形式及其基本用法。 2. 灵活运用非谓语各种形式。 3. 掌握非谓语动词的句子成分。 2、 命题分析 年份 非谓语动词 难度系数 2024 不定式作定语； 0.65 0.65　 2023 现在分词作定语；现在分词的完成式作状语；过去分词作定语；现在分词作状语 0.94 2022 现在分词作状语；不定式作目的状语； 0.65 0.65　 2021 动词的固定结构、不定式的一般式；现在分词作定语； 0.65 2020 现在分词作状语；不定式作目的状语（2）；过去分词作状语； 0.65　 根据近几年天津高考真题可知，非谓语主要考查了非谓语做定语，非谓语做状语的形式。因此在备考过程中要多侧重非谓语做定语和状语。 ( 考点1 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 ) 一、动名词和不定式作主语 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是： 表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式； 表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。 ▶Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象) ▶It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) 注意： ①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如： ▶To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. ②常用动名词作主语的句型： ▶It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 二、动名词和不定式作宾语 1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose， plan; agree，ask/beg，help。 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 ☞She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。 2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀：  避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习，  喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，  逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。   avoid, miss, delay,  suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, resist, admit, deny , envy,  escape, risk, pardon,  stand, keep, mind ☞I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。 3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词 ①forget to do sth.　　忘记要去做某事(此事未做) forget doing sth.　　忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) remember to do sth.　　记得去做某事(未做) remember doing sth.　　记得做过某事(已做) ②stop to do　　停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 stop doing　　停止正在或经常做的事 go on to do　　继续(去做另外一件事情) go on doing　　继续(原先没有做完的事情) ③regret to do sth.　　对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事) regret doing sth.　　对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事) ④try to do　　努力、企图做 try doing　　试验、试一试某种办法 ⑤mean to do　　(人)打算，有意要…… mean doing　　(物)意味着 ⑥can't help (to) do sth.　　不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.　　情不自禁做某事 三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语 作表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)，和分词(done，doing) ■ 不定式作表语 ①Her wish was to become an artist. 她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。 ②The most important thing is to put theory into practice. 最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。 ③Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson. 我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。 总结： 不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容，如①；表示将来的动作，如②；表示目的，如③。因此，在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。 ■ 动名词作表语 ①My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) ②Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 总结：动名词作表语，表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份，职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如①。此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性，如②。例②还可以说成： To see is to believe. 试比较：一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语; 表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式. ☞Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子. ☞Our task now is to develop our economy.我们的任务是发展经济。 ■ 分词作表语 首先做一些练习 ①The situation is____(encourage). ②The door remained____(lock) when he came again. 总结： surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage， inspire，shock，move等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。 如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被 动关系，用-done这种形式，表示主语的状态。 ☞The news astonished us. 这句话就表明了the news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动 关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子： ☞The news was astonishing. ☞We were astonished(by the news) ( 考点2 非谓语动词作定语 ) 高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：　　 不定式作定语；　　 -ing分词作定语；　　 -ed分词作定语。 1．不定式作定语　　　 ① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中， 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作 之前。　　　　 ☞She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.　　　 ② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.　　　　 ☞Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.　　　　　 ☞We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)　　　 ③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式 多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。　　　　 ☞I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)　　　　　　　 ☞Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything)　　　　　　　 ☞Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.　　　　　　　 在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较： There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.)　　　　　　　 There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)　　 2．-ing分词作定语　　　 ① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的 单个-ing分词也常后置。　　　　 a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )　　　　a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )　　　　　　　 the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )　　　　　　　 The girl singing is my classmate.　　　 ② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则， 要用从句作定语。　　　　 ☞Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?　　　　　　　 ☞Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?　　　　　　　 ☞The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 　　　　 比较： 【误】He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 　　　　　　　 【正】He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 　　 3．-ed分词作定语 　　　 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。 　　 a developed/developing country 　　　　　 He is a student loved by all the teachers. 　　　　　 The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 　　 ( 考点3 非谓语动词作补语 ) 1. 带to的不定式（ to do ）作宾补的动词，常见的有： ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。 ☞ The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 ☞ She wanted him to sing for her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 ☞ The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。 2. 常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词： 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, observe 半帮助：help sb. to do/do sth. 表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。 ☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 ☞To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。 ☞The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。 3. V-ing形式作宾补 V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。 ☞I hear someone knocking at the door. ☞I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time. 4. V-ed形式作宾补 着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。 ☞He saw the thief caught by the police. ☞I’m going to have my hair cut. ( 考点4 非谓语动词作状语 ) 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 ☞To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。 (2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 ☞We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 (3)作原因状语 ①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud， disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。 ☞We’re proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。 ②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容 词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 ☞The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。 【解题技巧】 动词的不定式用法口诀： ( 不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。 　　没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。 　　主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。 　　not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。 　　疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。 　　仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。 ) 2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等) (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 ☞Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 (2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 ☞Having cleaned the desks，we began reading. 擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。 (3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 ☞Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. 我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。 (4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 ☞Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 (5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 ☞Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。 ( 难点剖析 ) 独立主格结构 （一）独立主格结构的形式 独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。 1. 名词/代词+形容词 ☞I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。 ☞He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。 2. 名词/代词+现在分词 ☞Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 ☞The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。 3. 名词/代词+过去分词 ☞More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。 ☞The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。 4. 名词/代词（主格）+不定式 ☞Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month. 这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。 ☞The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friend\s 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。 5. 名词/代词+介词短语 ☞The huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。 6. 名词/代词+副词 ☞Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。 ☞Lunch over ,he left the house .But he was thinking. 午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。 7. 名词/代词+名词 ☞He fought the wolf ,a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。 8. with 复合结构 它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。 ☞Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour. 福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语） ☞He used to sleep with the door open . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词） ☞With a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village. 由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词） ☞With the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词） ☞With you to help us, we will finish the task in time 有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式） ☞Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night . 夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词） 从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。 （二）独立主格结构的用法 它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 1. 作时间状语 ☞The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。 2. 作条件状语 ☞Weather permitting(＝If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 3. 作原因状语 ☞An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 4. 作伴随状语 ☞He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) . 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 5. 表补充说明 ☞A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) . 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。 注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 1．（2024·天津·高考真题）The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours. A．disappointing B．to disappoint C．having disappointed D．disappointed 2．（2024·天津·高考真题）From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places. A．to discover B．to be discovering C．to be discovered D．to have discovered 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A．originating B．originated C．being originated D．having originated 4．（2023·天津·高考真题）_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system. A．Trying B．Tried C．Having tried D．Having been tried 5．（2023·天津·高考真题）The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of comments from the public. A．posting B．to post C．posted D．to be posted 6．（2023·天津·高考真题）________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A．Dating B．Being dated C．To date D．To be dated 7．（2022·天津·高考真题）The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A．allowing B．being allowed C．having allowed D．having been allowed 8．（2022·天津·高考真题）________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A．To be kept B．Kept C．To keep D．Keeping 9．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A．to have taught B．to teach C．teaching D．having taught 10．（2021·天津·高考真题）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended 11．（2020·天津·高考真题）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A．being clapped B．clap C．clapped D．clapping 12．（2020·天津·高考真题）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped 13．（2020·天津·高考真题）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 14．（2020·天津·高考真题）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. A．Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing 15．（2019·天津·高考真题）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．being designed 16．（2019·天津·高考真题）________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning D．Having learned 17．（2019·天津·高考真题） volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. A．To study B．Studying C．Having studied D．Studied 18．（2019·天津·高考真题）The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed out of the reading room”. A．being taken B．to take C．to be taken D．taking 19．（2018·天津·高考真题）【2018·天津】I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. A．to eat；to try B．eating；trying C．eating；to try D．to eat； trying 20．（2018·天津·高考真题）【2018·天津】I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A．taking B．taken C．being taken D．take 21．（2018·天津·高考真题）Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary. A．ordered B．ordering C．to have ordered D．having been ordered 22．（2018·天津·高考真题）There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______ for medical research has been well spent. A．used B．using C．to use D．to be used 名校模拟练 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Nowadays doctors can perform incredibly precise operations ______ advanced robotics and live imaging technology. A．using B．used C．having used D．having been used 2．（2024·天津·二模）It is recently reported that the number of people ______ a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change their cooking in some way. A．stick to B．sticking to C．stuck to D．having stuck to 3．（2024·天津和平·二模）Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 4．（2024·天津和平·二模）An hour’s sport each day left me tired out and _______ to go to bed early. A．to want B．wanting C．wanted D．want 5．（2024·天津河东·二模）Jerry received 3 text messages from his bank, ________ him that 3 online payments had just been made from his account. A．informed B．to inform C．informing D．inform 6．（2024·天津·二模）__________ by his actions, she quietly walked away, cutting off all contact with him from that moment on. A．Disappointing B．Disappointed C．To disappoint D．Being disappointed 7．（2024·天津·二模）Clown doctors do magic tricks in the hospital, __________ the pain of the patients like medicines. A．relieved B．to relieve C．relieving D．relieve 8．（2024·天津·一模）When I entered the room, I found Emily seated quietly on the sofa, her eyes ______ on the storybook. A．fixed B．fixing C．to fix D．to be fixed 9．（2024·天津·一模）______ going to study in the United States, Dahlia began to pack her luggage. A．To approve of B．Approving of C．Having approved of D．Having been approved of 10．（2024·天津·二模）A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 11．（2024·天津·二模）The headmaster blamed the naughty student caught ________ flowers in the garden. A．to be picking B．picking C．to pick D．to have picked 12．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then. A．setting B．set C．to set D．having set 13．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）It’s important to share China’s wisdom-filled art with people worldwide, truly ______ traditional Chinese culture to be understood. A．allowed B．to allow C．allowing D．being allowed 14．（2024·天津北辰·三模）Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. A．designing B．to be designed C．being designed D．designed 15．（2024·天津·二模）A fisherman claimed to have witnessed a giant sea turtle this morning _______ almost two meters long. A．measured B．having measured C．measuring D．to be measured ( 第 6 页 共 19 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$