第06讲 单项选择之情态动词&虚拟语气(知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练)-【决胜春考】2025 春季高考英语冲刺总复习(天津专用)

2024-11-15
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 情态动词,虚拟语气
使用场景 高考复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 天津市
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 977 KB
发布时间 2024-11-15
更新时间 2024-11-15
作者 千军破
品牌系列 上好课·冲刺讲练测
审核时间 2024-11-15
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来源 学科网

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( 第 06 讲: 单项选择之情态动词&虚拟语气 ) 1、 考试要求 情态动词和虚拟语气试题的考试要求具体体现在以下几个方面。 1. 掌握并熟练运用情态动词和虚拟语气的基本用法和特殊形式及其表达的意义。 2. 解题时应能快速辨认相似或是同类情态动词在意义和功能上的区别和辨认并确定虚拟语气的形式。 3. 一定要关注试题所提供的语境,绝大部分情态动词和虚拟语气的考题都是侧重借助于具体的语境来考查考生对其基本用法的理解和掌握。 2、 命题分析 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等,它是英语动词中最难把握的一类,也是每年高考必考内容。命题热点有:1. 情态动词的基本用法辨析,2. 情态动词表示态度的用法辨析,3. 情态动词表示推测的用法辨析,4. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。 虚拟语气在高考中考的频率不高,通常与情态动词和动词时态揉和在一起考查,主要考查以下5个方面: 1. 含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气, 2. 虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况 3. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 4. 混合虚拟条件句(错综虚拟条件句) 5. 含蓄条件句 情态动词 ★ 情态动词:can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, will, would, need ,dare 1. 表示推测的情态动词 1.1基本原则: 1.1.2 对现在或将来情况推测,用情态动词+do / be / be doing… 对过去的推测,用情态动词+have done / been… 1.1.3表示肯定推测的情态动词,按可能性由大到小依次为:must> should / ought to>may>might>could 1.1.4否定推测,按语气由强到弱依次为: can’t / couldn’t(根本不可能)>may not> might not/could not(可能不)。 1.2 具体用法: 1.2.1 must be表示推测,意为“一定是……” 只用于肯定句中 must have done意为“一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了” 并且有前文铺垫 1.2.2 should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测,表示“某事应该或不应该发生” 1.2.3 can, could表达推测时,一般用于疑问句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性,意为“有时候会…”,并不牵涉是否真的会发生;could用于肯定句中,语气比may/ might更弱 1.2.4 may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测,意为“或许,可能”;might的语气比may较婉转。 2. 表达虚拟语气的情态动词 2.1 适用情况:对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟,形式:情态动词+have done 2.2 具体用法: 2.2.1 should (not) / ought (not) to have done本(不)应该做某事,但却没有做或做了,含有责备或后悔之意。 2.2.2 could have done本来能够做某事但未做。 2.2.3 needn’t have done: 本没有必要做某事但却做了。 needn’t do: 没有必要去做某事 (时间上应该是现在或将来)。 2.2.4 would (not) have done:本来(不)会发生某事,但却(发生了)或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设 2.2.5 might have done:本来可能发生,但实际上没有发生的事。 3.表达“情感、态度、语气”的情态动词 3.1 must: 表示主观的义务和必要,意为“必须…”。用于: 条件句或疑问句: 可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要” 3.2 mustn’t: 表示禁止 3.3 should 3.3.1表示责任和义务。 3.3.2在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气,表示与将来事实相反的假设,意为“万一”。 3.3.3表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外,译为“竟然”。 3.4 shall 3.4.1用于第一和第三人称,常用于疑问句中,用来征求对方意见。 3.4.2用于第二和第三人称,表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。 3.4.3用于宣布法律、规定的要求。 3.5 can 3.5.1表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 3.5.2表示请求或许可。 3.5.3表达一般的或永久的能力。 3.6 would 3.6.1 will与would 3.6.1.1表示意愿: will 表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿。 3.6.1.2表示征求意见或提出请求,主要用于第二人称的疑问句中,would的语气更委婉。 3.6.1.3. 表示习惯和倾向性:will表示现在的习惯,would表示过去的习惯。 3.6.1.4. 表示推测:will用于谈论现在,would可用于谈论过去,也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉)。 3.6.1.5. 表示执意或决心:will表示现在的执意和决心,would表示过去的执意和决心。 3.6.1.6. 其他用法 will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等, would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等。 3.6.2 would与虚拟条件句:有时用would,可视为是省略了包含有相关条件的虚拟语气。 考点一、考查表示推测意义的情态动词 must表示推测的语气最强,通常有一定的依据,在否定句或疑问句中用can或could代替。may/might的推测语气比较弱。表示对过去的推测用must/ may/might/can’t/ couldn’t/ + have done。通常会在题干中设置一定的事实作为推测的依据。 【考例】(天津卷)She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 解析:A。根据“自行车还在这里”推测“她已经离开”,对过去事实否定推测,用can’t have done。故选A。 考点二、考查表示“必要”“敢”意义的情态动词 need与dare作为情态动词只用在疑问句和否定句中,表示过去没有必要做某事或者过去不敢做某事,但是事实上做了,则用needn’t have done和daren’t have done。 【考例】(陕西卷)–What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? --Well, it _________ be big--that’s not important. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t 解析:B。根据答句起解释作用的破折号提示知道“大小不重要”,所以对于提出“大一点的”觉得“没有必要”。故选B。mustn’t“禁止、不准”;“不会、不可能”;won’t“不愿,不会”。 考点三、考查表示与事实情况相反的“情态动词+have done”结构 should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做的事情而没有做”,否定形式表示“做了本来不该做的事情”;could have done表示“本来能做而没有做”,否定形式表示“做了本来不能做的事情”;needn’t have done表示“做了本来没有必要做的事情”;might have done表示本来有可能发生,但是实际上没有发生。 【考例】(江苏)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 解析:C。根据句子的过去时知道表示的是过去的事情,根据but看出表示“本来可以(能)”。故选C。 考点四、考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。 虚拟语气中的情态动词都要用过去时形式,即would, might, could, should等,其中在suggest, demand, order等后宾语从句中的情态动词用should,也可以省掉。在一些主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或者表示与将来事实相反的虚拟从句中也用should。考点三实际上是虚拟语气的一种特殊形式。 【考例】(天津) This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 解析:B。打印机的质量很好是事实情况,根据后面would do形式知道是表示将来的虚拟语气,用should do形式。故选B。 考点五、考查其它情态动词的具体词义和用法辨析。 要把握不同情态动词的基本意义和用法是解题的关键,尤其是一些相对特殊的用法是与其它情态动词区别的依据。如:must可以表示“偏偏”;表示“必须”否定形式用needn’t;表示“绝对不可”用mustn’t;表示推测则只有肯定形式,否定用can’t/couldn’t。表示“请求或许可”的can, may, shall;表示“必须,一定”must, have to;表示“推测或可能性”的must, can, could, may, might, should;表示“能够”的can, could, be able to;表示“建议或征求意见”的shall, will, would, had better, could, might, would;表示“过去习惯”的used to;表示“应该,必须”的should, ought to, must;表示“宁愿”的would rather;表示“建议”的had better等。 【考例】(重庆) —What do you think we can do for our aged parents? —You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t 解析:A。根据句意知道是“没有必要”,用needn’t或者don’t have to。故选A。 考点六、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气 表示与现在、过去和将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词分别用did(were), had done, were to /should do,主句谓语动词分别用 would(could, might etc) do, would(could, might etc) have done, would(could, might etc) do。具体如下: (一)与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 在与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句中,条件从句的谓语用should+动词原形、were to+动词原形或动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),主句用should(would, might,could)+动词原形。表示在现在看来将来发生的可能性较小,其中should 表示的可能性最大,动词过去的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。如: If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party. 如果她明天邀请我参加聚会,我会去的。(真实含义是:It is unlikely that she will invite me tomorrow, so I shall not go to the party. 明天她不可能会邀请我,因此我不会去。) If it snowed tomorrow, our plan would be put off.如果明天下雪,我们的计划就得推迟。(真实含义是:It is unlikely that it is going to snow, so our plan won’t be put off. 明天很可能不会下雪,计划很不会推迟。) 【典题】(湖北30) This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you ______ (fine) . 【答案与解析】would be fined。题干中的“if you smoked here是虚拟语气的条件句,主句用would do形式,根据句意用被动语态。句意:这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你:如果你在这里吸烟,会被罚款。 (二)与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 在与现在事实可能相反的虚拟条件句中,条件从句的谓语用动词过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should (would, might,could)+动词原形。如: If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟悉。(真实含义是:He doesn’t study at this school, so he doesn’t know you well. 他不在这所学校学习,所以他对你不是很熟悉。) If there were no music, the world would be very dull. 如果没有音乐,世界将非常单调(真实含义是:There is music, so the world is not dull. 世界上有音乐,所以并不单调) (三)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 在与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中,条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用should ( would, might,could)+ have+过去分词。如: If they had started at two o'clock, they would have got there by now.他们如果是两点出发的, 现在该到那儿了。(真实含义是:They didn’t start at two o'clock, so they haven’t got there by now.) If they had not been content they would have been anxious to find out some way to change it.如果不满意,他们早就会迫切地想办法来改变它了。(真实含义是:They are content , so they weren’t anxious to find out some way to change it.他们很满意,所以并不急着去想办法来改变它。) 【典题】(·北京34)If I _____(see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it. 【答案与解析】hadn’t seen。根据wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟,所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信。 考点七、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,则可以省略if,把were,had和should放到从句主语前面去,从而形成倒装句和省略结构。注意:虚拟语气否定句的倒装结构中的助动词不用weren’t, shouldn’t hadn’t等缩略形式,如: Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.(= If it should rain/were to rain, ...) Were it not raining, we should go for a picnic. (=If it were not raining, ...) Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.(=If he had seen you yesterday, ...) 【考例1】(江苏卷28)It might have saved me some trouble ______I known the schedule. 解析:had。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装结构。句意:如果我早知道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦。 【考例2】 (湖北) ______fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 解析:B。句尾是句号,而备选项提供的句子开头都是情态动词,首先确定是陈述句,只有should正确,还原句子就是:If you should be fired, …。 考点八、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中,表示建议、命令或要求的动词或名词后的从句谓语动词常常用虚拟语气形式,即should+do,should也可以省掉。动词有request, suggest(建议), insist(坚持),order, advise, demand, recommend, desire, urge等;注意句型:It’s (high) time sb. did sth, It’s time sb. did sth, It’s necessary/essential/ natural/ strange that sb. should do sth.,I’d rather you did sth.等;还有wish that sb. did/had done/ would(could, might…) do等。但是suggest表示“暗示,表明”;insist表示“坚持说,坚持某种事实”不用虚拟语气。如: He suggested that we should give her a hand. It’s suggested that we should give her a hand. His suggestion is that we should give her a hand. What he suggested is that we should give her a hand. 【考例】(浙江)The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal. A .wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 解析:recommend表示“建议”,宾语从句谓语动词用should do形式。故选D。 考点九、错综虚拟条件句 当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时,主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应,此时主从句的谓语动词形式应该与各自所在句子中的时间状语或其所表达的意义相对应,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整,这种条件句叫混合条件句或者错综虚拟条件句。较常见的是从句用过去完成时(指过去行为),而主句用一般时(指目前状态)。如: If I had a bike, I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车,昨天早就借给你了。(主句与过去事实相反,从句与现在事实相反。) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了。(真实含义是:I didn’t speak to him yesterday, so I don’t know what to do now. 我昨天没有跟他说,现在我不知道怎么办。) 【考例1】(改编自北京卷34)If we _____ (book) a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. 【答案与解析】had booked。根据if和主句的couldn’t...here看出是虚拟语气,主句表示现在事实相反的情况,从句的earlier提示是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时态。句意:如果我们早点订桌的话,我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。 【考例2】(上海) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 解析:B。what I would be doing today表示现在的情况,而从句fall in love with the Melinda Cox Library是过去的事情,从“在家乡”可以看出是与过去事实相反的假设,用过去完成时。故选B。 考点十、含蓄条件句 虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫含蓄条件句。常见的暗示在像without“如果没有”, but for“要不是”,otherwise“要不然”, or(else)“否则”等单词或短语中。如: Motionless, old Jolyon stared at the wall; but for his open eyes, he might have been asleep.老乔里恩一动不动,望着墙壁;除掉一双眼睛还睁着外,他简直可以说还在睡觉。(but for his open eyes= if it hadn’t been for his open eyes) I'm not feeling very well today -- otherwise I would do it myself.今天我身体不太舒服,否则这事我就亲自去做了。(otherwise = if I were feeling well today) What would I have done without you? 如没有你,我会怎么办呢?(without you= if it hadn’t been for you) He must be as strong as a horse, or he never could have defeated that great beast. 他一定是力大如牛,否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(or = if he were not as strong as a horse ) 【考例】(安徽)But for their help,we the program in time. A.can not finish B.will not finish C.had not finished D.could not have finished 解析:in time表示“及时”,暗示finish动作已经发生过。 考点十一、if only引导的虚拟条件句 if only...用于感叹句中, 是一个保留条件句, 省略了主句的形式。用来表示某人对某事的一种强烈愿望或未实现的条件, 其意为“但愿……; 真希望……; 要是……就好了”。其谓语动词形式用过去将来时表示将来不大可能实现的愿望;接一般过去时,表示对现在的一种难以实现的愿望;接过去完成时,表示过去没有实现的愿望。如: If only it would clear up soon! 但愿天气赶快放晴。 If only she were my sister! 如果她是我姐姐该多好啊! (= How fine it would be if he were my sister. ) If only you had worked with great care! 你当时干活时要是再认真些就好了!(but you didn’t work with care) If only you would listen to reason. 你听从道理就好了。 【考例1】(上海春招)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _____ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 解析:C。前一句的一般现在时指目前的情况,而目前的结果正是由于在此之前没有采纳你的建议才造成的,由此可知是表示与过去事实相反的情况,所以谓语动词用过去完成式。故选C。 【考例2】The snow is soft and deep outside. If _____ he could get out to try his new sled. 解析:only。根据if从句的谓语动词看是表示与事实相反的虚拟语气,根据if 看出是表示因为不能出去试试他的新雪橇二感到遗憾,if only“要是……就好了”符合题意。句意是:外头的雪下得柔软又深厚,如果他能出去试试他的新雪橇该多好! 考点十二、状语从句的虚拟条件句 as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气,如果表示的可能性比较大也可以不用虚拟语气。 【考例】(全国卷) Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 解析:根据时间状语yesterday排除B和C。昨天是一般过去时的标志。故选D。 1.(2023·天津·高考真题)We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】dare、need、can't/couldn't stop doing sth.、情态动词(not)+动词原形、need的用法 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我们不必为细节而烦恼,因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止;B. daren’t不敢;C. needn’t不必;D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知,因为我们队友会全力帮助我们,所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。 2.(2021·天津·高考真题)It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A.need B.should C.could D.must 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】could、must、need、should、can/could表示推测 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要;B. should 应该,理应如此; C. could 可能,表示对客观可能性的推测;D. must 一定,必须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。 3.(2021·天津·高考真题)---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A.may have made B.should have made C.couldn't have made D.needn't have made 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】can’t/couldn’t have done的用法、should(ought to) have done的用法、needn’t have done的用法、may/might have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意:—老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。—唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能;B.should have made本应该做;C.couldn't have made不可能做;D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,故选A。 4.(2020·天津·高考真题)You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】should(ought to) have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意:你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事,must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测;should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做;mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。 【点睛】must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,指“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句: 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。 should have done意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” shouldn't have done表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意. 1.    Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2.    Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't  have been so harsh on him.看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 本题是 shouldn't have done的用法。 5.(2020·天津·高考真题)Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A.must B.can C.need D.should 【答案】B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】can/could表示请求 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须;B. can能,可以;C. need需要;D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知,Jim许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们”能,可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。 6.(2019·天津·高考真题)Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A.need have practised B.might practise C.must have practised D.could practise 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】must have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 7.(2019·天津·高考真题)Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there. A.would be B.might have been C.would have been D.had been 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】虚拟语气用于as if/though引导的表语从句 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动,以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。根据句意及句中felt可知,此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况,应使用过去完成时。故D选项正确。 【点睛】as if的两种用法: 1.as if从句用陈述语气,我这里说的从句用陈述语气,是相对于虚拟语气而言的。即你所表达的句子是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。 设想语境:比方说你现在屋里看不到外面的情况,却听到了雨滴声,表达如下: It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。 2. as if 从句用虚拟语气,当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下: (1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。 (2)从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。 (3)从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 8.(2019·天津·高考真题)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class. A.should they B.they should C.dare they D.they dare 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】部分倒装、should的用法 【详解】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,排除B、D项;这里表示应该,故选A。 9.(2019·天津·高考真题)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A.accomplished B.had accomplished C.would accomplish D.would have accomplished 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】与过去事实相反的假设、含蓄条件句 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设,其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。 10.(2018·天津·高考真题)—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】will的用法 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该;B. mustn’t禁止;C. needn’t    不需要;D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时,其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。 11.(2018·天津·高考真题)Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college. A.studied B.had studied C.would study D.might have studied 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】wish后的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:Jane真希望她在大学时学的是外贸而不是文学。wish后接宾语从句,从句用虚拟语气,若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词。由“when she was in college”可知,本句表与过去事实相反的假设,所以从句为过去完成时。故选B项。 【点睛】动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。 分析句子可知,由“when she was in college”可知,本句表与过去事实相反的假设,所以从句为过去完成时。 12.(2018·天津·高考真题)(2018·天津) I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A.should leave B.must have left C.might leave D.could have left 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】can/could have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。 【点睛】情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点:第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词 + have done;如果是对现在事情的推测,才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测,表示“一定”,could为不肯定推测,表示“可能”,这样就能选出正确答案。 13.(2018·天津·高考真题)【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A.had caught B.caught C.have caught D.would catch 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】与过去事实相反的假设、错综时间条件句 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed。故选A。 点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间,一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气,从句与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed,主句与现在事实相反。 名校模拟练 1.(2024·内蒙古通辽·模拟预测)—Are you ________ your dog? —Yes, but I can’t ________ it. A.look for, find B.find, look for C.looking for, find D.finding, look for 【答案】C 【难度】0.94 【知识点】现在进行时表进行 、动词短语辨析、情态动词(not)+动词原形、动词词义辨析、look for、find(found found) 【详解】考查动词短语辨析,动词词义辨析和时态。句意:——你在找你的狗吗?——是的,但是我找不到。look for寻找;find找到。第一空所在句子表示“你是否正在寻找你的狗”,第一空意为“寻找”,表示找的过程,且用现在进行时,表示正在寻找,因此第一空是looking for;第二空所在句子表示结果,表示找不到,因此第二空是find。故选C。 2.(2024·天津南开·二模)They queued (排队) for two hours for nothing. They _________ have been told the tickets were sold out. A.would B.may C.must D.should 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】must、should、would、should have done、should(ought to) have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:他们白白排队两个小时。他们本应该被告知票已经卖完了。A. would将会;B. may可能;C. must必须;D. should应该。根据空后have been told the tickets were sold out以及常识可知,他们本应该被告知票已经卖完了,这样他们就不需要白白排队两个小时,空处应用should,should have done结构表示“本应该做某事却没做”,符合题意。故选D项。 3.(2024·天津·二模)—Could you give me a ride to the airport? I’m going to be late. — Come with me. I’ll take the nearest route and you ______ be in time for your flight. A.shall B.need C.dare D.have to 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】dare (not)的用法、have to的用法、need的用法、shall的用法 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意:——你能送我去机场吗?我要迟到了。——跟我来。我会走最近的路线,你应该能赶上你的航班。A. shall应该;B. need需要;C. dare敢;D. have to必须。根据句意,此处表示说话人对将来的一种推测或者预测,用shall。故选A。 4.(2024·天津和平·二模)—Jimmy, how did your final exam go? —I thought I_______, but the result was not so bad. A.might have failed B.shall have failed C.should have failed D.must have failed 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】might、shall、must have done、should have done、shall的用法、should(ought to) have done的用法、must have done的用法、may/might have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意:——吉米,你期末考试怎么样?——我想我可能会失败,但结果并不是那么糟糕。A. might have failed可能会失败;B. shall have failed将会失败;C. should have failed应该会失败;D. must have failed肯定失败了。根据but the result was not so bad可知,作者本以为自己可能会失败,但是结果还可以。故选A。 5.(2024·天津·二模)The cake __________ have been carefully baked for hours based on its delicious taste. A.must B.need C.should D.would 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】must、need、should、would、must have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词+完成式的辨析。句意:这蛋糕一定是经过精心烘烤了好几个小时才做出的美味。A. must一定;B. need需要;C. should应该,表示本该做却没有做;D. would将会,本来会做,表示对过去事情的假设。根据后文based on its delicious taste可知,此处表达对过去发生的事情做出的肯定推测,用must have done。故选A。 6.(2024·天津·模拟预测)When weather permitted, he __________ go to the tea house after dinner to talk with other old partners every day. A.might B.should C.could D.would 【答案】D 【难度】0.94 【知识点】could、might、should、would、would的用法 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:只要天气允许,他每天晚饭后都会去茶馆和其他老搭档聊天。A. might可能;B. should应该;C. could可以;D. would过去常常。由When weather permitted和every day可知,空格处用would表示过去常常做的事情,故选D。 7.(2024·山东济南·二模)If I were you, I ______the chance to go abroad. A.will seize B.would have seize C.seize D.would seize 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】与现在事实相反的假设 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我是你,我会抓住出国的机会。根据从句If I were you可知,这里是If引导的虚拟条件句,表示对现在情况的虚拟,主句的谓语应用would do的形式。故选D。 8.(2024·天津和平·三模)My laptop ______ be old, but it still works really well. A.can B.could C.may D.would 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】could、May、would、may/might表示推测 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我的笔记本电脑或许旧了,但它仍然工作得很好。A.can能够;B.could能够;C.may或许;D.would将。根据下文but it still works really well,此处表示事实上的可能性,用may ,can表示逻辑上的可能性。故选C。 9.(2024·天津·二模)The HR director announced, “Candidates _______ remain in your seats until all the papers have been collected.” A.can B.shall C.would D.need 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】need、shall、would、shall的用法 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:人力资源总监宣布:“候选人应留在座位上,直到所有试卷都收集完毕。”A. can 能够,可能;B. shall必须,应该;C. would将,会;D. need需要。根据句意可知,此处表示规定,应用情态动词shall,表示规定、警告、命令。故选B。 10.(2024·天津南开·一模)I know he was wrong, but I ________ tell him because he never listens. A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.oughtn’t 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】dare、must、need、ought、ought (not) to的用法、need的用法、dare (not)的用法、mustn't的用法 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我知道他错了,但我不必告诉他,因为他从来不听。A. mustn’t禁止,不许;B. daren’t不敢;C. needn’t不必;D. oughtn’t不应该。结合because he never listens可知,空格处应表达“不必”,故用 needn’t。故选C。 11.(2024·天津·一模)Whenever I visited my grandmother’s house, I ______ rush to the kitchen for the stinky tofu with excitement. A.shall B.would C.must D.may 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】would的用法、shall的用法、may/might表示“可以”、must表示“必须”“应当” 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:从那时起,每当我去奶奶家,我都会兴奋地冲进厨房吃臭豆腐。A. shall将要,用于一般将来时;B. would将会;C. must必须;D. may可能。根据上文“Whenever I visited my grandmother’s house”可知,此处主句为过去将来时,为would+动词原形。故选B。 12.(2024·天津河东·一模)I ______ you about your mistakes, but I didn’t think you would listen to me. A.could have told B.must have told C.should tell D.might tell 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】must have done、can/could have done的用法、must have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词 。句意:我本可以告诉你你的错误,但我认为你不会听我的。A. could have done本可以做某事而没有做;B. must have done一定做过某事;C. should do应该做某事;D. might do可能做某事。根据“but I didn’t think you would listen to me.”可知,本可以告诉你你的错误。故选A。 13.(2024·内蒙古通辽·模拟预测)They suggest that clever children________ their exams early. A.take B.took C.takes D.will take 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】表示建议、命令等动词后的宾语从句+(should) do 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:他们建议聪明的孩子提前参加考试。suggest 表示“建议”时,其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形”,should可以省略,空白处应填take,故选A。 14.(24-25高三上·甘肃兰州·开学考试)We desire that our school ______ more activities like this, which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons. A.organised B.organises C.organise D.is organising 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】表示建议、命令等动词后的宾语从句+(should) do、organise(organize) 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:我们希望学校组织更多这样的活动,这不仅能缓解我们巨大的学习压力,还能开阔我们的视野。desire后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,表示“希望某人做某事”,结构为“desire that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形”,本空用动词organise“组织”的原形。故选C。 15.(20-21高三上·天津北辰·期中)—I failed in the interview, because I didn’t introduce myself completely within three minutes. —You___________ the details. The main points are more important than details. A.should omit B.must omit C.should have omitted D.must have omitted 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】must、omit、should、must have done、should have done、与过去事实相反的假设、should(ought to) have done的用法、must have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意:——我面试失败了,因为我没有在三分钟内完成自我介绍。——你本应该省略这些细节的。要点比细节更重要。对过去事情的虚拟或推测用“情态动词+have done”。should have done sth“本应该做某事”,表示实际上没有做。must have done sth“一定做了某事”,表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。由句意可知,本句是对过去事情的虚拟,故排除选项A和B;面试失败了,所以是“本应该省略一些细节的”,故填should have omitted。故选C。 ( 第 1 页 共 21 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ ( 第 06 讲: 单项选择之情态动词&虚拟语气 ) 1、 考试要求 情态动词和虚拟语气试题的考试要求具体体现在以下几个方面。 1. 掌握并熟练运用情态动词和虚拟语气的基本用法和特殊形式及其表达的意义。 2. 解题时应能快速辨认相似或是同类情态动词在意义和功能上的区别和辨认并确定虚拟语气的形式。 3. 一定要关注试题所提供的语境,绝大部分情态动词和虚拟语气的考题都是侧重借助于具体的语境来考查考生对其基本用法的理解和掌握。 2、 命题分析 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等,它是英语动词中最难把握的一类,也是每年高考必考内容。命题热点有:1. 情态动词的基本用法辨析,2. 情态动词表示态度的用法辨析,3. 情态动词表示推测的用法辨析,4. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。 虚拟语气在高考中考的频率不高,通常与情态动词和动词时态揉和在一起考查,主要考查以下5个方面: 1. 含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气, 2. 虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况 3. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 4. 混合虚拟条件句(错综虚拟条件句) 5. 含蓄条件句 情态动词 ★ 情态动词:can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, will, would, need ,dare 1. 表示推测的情态动词 1.1基本原则: 1.1.2 对现在或将来情况推测,用情态动词+do / be / be doing… 对过去的推测,用情态动词+have done / been… 1.1.3表示肯定推测的情态动词,按可能性由大到小依次为:must> should / ought to>may>might>could 1.1.4否定推测,按语气由强到弱依次为: can’t / couldn’t(根本不可能)>may not> might not/could not(可能不)。 1.2 具体用法: 1.2.1 must be表示推测,意为“一定是……” 只用于肯定句中 must have done意为“一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了” 并且有前文铺垫 1.2.2 should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测,表示“某事应该或不应该发生” 1.2.3 can, could表达推测时,一般用于疑问句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性,意为“有时候会…”,并不牵涉是否真的会发生;could用于肯定句中,语气比may/ might更弱 1.2.4 may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测,意为“或许,可能”;might的语气比may较婉转。 2. 表达虚拟语气的情态动词 2.1 适用情况:对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟,形式:情态动词+have done 2.2 具体用法: 2.2.1 should (not) / ought (not) to have done本(不)应该做某事,但却没有做或做了,含有责备或后悔之意。 2.2.2 could have done本来能够做某事但未做。 2.2.3 needn’t have done: 本没有必要做某事但却做了。 needn’t do: 没有必要去做某事 (时间上应该是现在或将来)。 2.2.4 would (not) have done:本来(不)会发生某事,但却(发生了)或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设 2.2.5 might have done:本来可能发生,但实际上没有发生的事。 3.表达“情感、态度、语气”的情态动词 3.1 must: 表示主观的义务和必要,意为“必须…”。用于: 条件句或疑问句: 可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要” 3.2 mustn’t: 表示禁止 3.3 should 3.3.1表示责任和义务。 3.3.2在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气,表示与将来事实相反的假设,意为“万一”。 3.3.3表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外,译为“竟然”。 3.4 shall 3.4.1用于第一和第三人称,常用于疑问句中,用来征求对方意见。 3.4.2用于第二和第三人称,表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。 3.4.3用于宣布法律、规定的要求。 3.5 can 3.5.1表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 3.5.2表示请求或许可。 3.5.3表达一般的或永久的能力。 3.6 would 3.6.1 will与would 3.6.1.1表示意愿: will 表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿。 3.6.1.2表示征求意见或提出请求,主要用于第二人称的疑问句中,would的语气更委婉。 3.6.1.3. 表示习惯和倾向性:will表示现在的习惯,would表示过去的习惯。 3.6.1.4. 表示推测:will用于谈论现在,would可用于谈论过去,也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉)。 3.6.1.5. 表示执意或决心:will表示现在的执意和决心,would表示过去的执意和决心。 3.6.1.6. 其他用法 will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等, would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等。 3.6.2 would与虚拟条件句:有时用would,可视为是省略了包含有相关条件的虚拟语气。 考点一、考查表示推测意义的情态动词 must表示推测的语气最强,通常有一定的依据,在否定句或疑问句中用can或could代替。may/might的推测语气比较弱。表示对过去的推测用must/ may/might/can’t/ couldn’t/ + have done。通常会在题干中设置一定的事实作为推测的依据。 【考例】(天津卷)She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 考点二、考查表示“必要”“敢”意义的情态动词 need与dare作为情态动词只用在疑问句和否定句中,表示过去没有必要做某事或者过去不敢做某事,但是事实上做了,则用needn’t have done和daren’t have done。 【考例】(陕西卷)–What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? --Well, it _________ be big--that’s not important. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t 考点三、考查表示与事实情况相反的“情态动词+have done”结构 should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做的事情而没有做”,否定形式表示“做了本来不该做的事情”;could have done表示“本来能做而没有做”,否定形式表示“做了本来不能做的事情”;needn’t have done表示“做了本来没有必要做的事情”;might have done表示本来有可能发生,但是实际上没有发生。 【考例】(江苏)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 考点四、考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。 虚拟语气中的情态动词都要用过去时形式,即would, might, could, should等,其中在suggest, demand, order等后宾语从句中的情态动词用should,也可以省掉。在一些主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或者表示与将来事实相反的虚拟从句中也用should。考点三实际上是虚拟语气的一种特殊形式。 【考例】(天津) This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 考点五、考查其它情态动词的具体词义和用法辨析。 要把握不同情态动词的基本意义和用法是解题的关键,尤其是一些相对特殊的用法是与其它情态动词区别的依据。如:must可以表示“偏偏”;表示“必须”否定形式用needn’t;表示“绝对不可”用mustn’t;表示推测则只有肯定形式,否定用can’t/couldn’t。表示“请求或许可”的can, may, shall;表示“必须,一定”must, have to;表示“推测或可能性”的must, can, could, may, might, should;表示“能够”的can, could, be able to;表示“建议或征求意见”的shall, will, would, had better, could, might, would;表示“过去习惯”的used to;表示“应该,必须”的should, ought to, must;表示“宁愿”的would rather;表示“建议”的had better等。 【考例】(重庆) —What do you think we can do for our aged parents? —You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t 考点六、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气 表示与现在、过去和将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词分别用did(were), had done, were to /should do,主句谓语动词分别用 would(could, might etc) do, would(could, might etc) have done, would(could, might etc) do。具体如下: (一)与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 在与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句中,条件从句的谓语用should+动词原形、were to+动词原形或动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),主句用should(would, might,could)+动词原形。表示在现在看来将来发生的可能性较小,其中should 表示的可能性最大,动词过去的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。如: If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party. 如果她明天邀请我参加聚会,我会去的。(真实含义是:It is unlikely that she will invite me tomorrow, so I shall not go to the party. 明天她不可能会邀请我,因此我不会去。) If it snowed tomorrow, our plan would be put off.如果明天下雪,我们的计划就得推迟。(真实含义是:It is unlikely that it is going to snow, so our plan won’t be put off. 明天很可能不会下雪,计划很不会推迟。) 【典题】(湖北30) This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you ______ (fine) . (二)与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 在与现在事实可能相反的虚拟条件句中,条件从句的谓语用动词过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should (would, might,could)+动词原形。如: If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟悉。(真实含义是:He doesn’t study at this school, so he doesn’t know you well. 他不在这所学校学习,所以他对你不是很熟悉。) If there were no music, the world would be very dull. 如果没有音乐,世界将非常单调(真实含义是:There is music, so the world is not dull. 世界上有音乐,所以并不单调) (三)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 在与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中,条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用should ( would, might,could)+ have+过去分词。如: If they had started at two o'clock, they would have got there by now.他们如果是两点出发的, 现在该到那儿了。(真实含义是:They didn’t start at two o'clock, so they haven’t got there by now.) If they had not been content they would have been anxious to find out some way to change it.如果不满意,他们早就会迫切地想办法来改变它了。(真实含义是:They are content , so they weren’t anxious to find out some way to change it.他们很满意,所以并不急着去想办法来改变它。) 【典题】(·北京34)If I _____(see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it. 考点七、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,则可以省略if,把were,had和should放到从句主语前面去,从而形成倒装句和省略结构。注意:虚拟语气否定句的倒装结构中的助动词不用weren’t, shouldn’t hadn’t等缩略形式,如: Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.(= If it should rain/were to rain, ...) Were it not raining, we should go for a picnic. (=If it were not raining, ...) Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.(=If he had seen you yesterday, ...) 【考例1】(江苏卷28)It might have saved me some trouble ______I known the schedule. 【考例2】 (湖北) ______fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 考点八、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中,表示建议、命令或要求的动词或名词后的从句谓语动词常常用虚拟语气形式,即should+do,should也可以省掉。动词有request, suggest(建议), insist(坚持),order, advise, demand, recommend, desire, urge等;注意句型:It’s (high) time sb. did sth, It’s time sb. did sth, It’s necessary/essential/ natural/ strange that sb. should do sth.,I’d rather you did sth.等;还有wish that sb. did/had done/ would(could, might…) do等。但是suggest表示“暗示,表明”;insist表示“坚持说,坚持某种事实”不用虚拟语气。如: He suggested that we should give her a hand. It’s suggested that we should give her a hand. His suggestion is that we should give her a hand. What he suggested is that we should give her a hand. 【考例】(浙江)The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal. A .wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 考点九、错综虚拟条件句 当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时,主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应,此时主从句的谓语动词形式应该与各自所在句子中的时间状语或其所表达的意义相对应,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整,这种条件句叫混合条件句或者错综虚拟条件句。较常见的是从句用过去完成时(指过去行为),而主句用一般时(指目前状态)。如: If I had a bike, I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车,昨天早就借给你了。(主句与过去事实相反,从句与现在事实相反。) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了。(真实含义是:I didn’t speak to him yesterday, so I don’t know what to do now. 我昨天没有跟他说,现在我不知道怎么办。) 【考例1】(改编自北京卷34)If we _____ (book) a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. 【考例2】(上海) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 考点十、含蓄条件句 虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫含蓄条件句。常见的暗示在像without“如果没有”, but for“要不是”,otherwise“要不然”, or(else)“否则”等单词或短语中。如: Motionless, old Jolyon stared at the wall; but for his open eyes, he might have been asleep.老乔里恩一动不动,望着墙壁;除掉一双眼睛还睁着外,他简直可以说还在睡觉。(but for his open eyes= if it hadn’t been for his open eyes) I'm not feeling very well today -- otherwise I would do it myself.今天我身体不太舒服,否则这事我就亲自去做了。(otherwise = if I were feeling well today) What would I have done without you? 如没有你,我会怎么办呢?(without you= if it hadn’t been for you) He must be as strong as a horse, or he never could have defeated that great beast. 他一定是力大如牛,否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(or = if he were not as strong as a horse ) 【考例】(安徽)But for their help,we the program in time. A.can not finish B.will not finish C.had not finished D.could not have finished 考点十一、if only引导的虚拟条件句 if only...用于感叹句中, 是一个保留条件句, 省略了主句的形式。用来表示某人对某事的一种强烈愿望或未实现的条件, 其意为“但愿……; 真希望……; 要是……就好了”。其谓语动词形式用过去将来时表示将来不大可能实现的愿望;接一般过去时,表示对现在的一种难以实现的愿望;接过去完成时,表示过去没有实现的愿望。如: If only it would clear up soon! 但愿天气赶快放晴。 If only she were my sister! 如果她是我姐姐该多好啊! (= How fine it would be if he were my sister. ) If only you had worked with great care! 你当时干活时要是再认真些就好了!(but you didn’t work with care) If only you would listen to reason. 你听从道理就好了。 【考例1】(上海春招)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _____ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 【考例2】The snow is soft and deep outside. If _____ he could get out to try his new sled. 考点十二、状语从句的虚拟条件句 as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气,如果表示的可能性比较大也可以不用虚拟语气。 【考例】(全国卷) Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday. A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 1.(2023·天津·高考真题)We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t 2.(2021·天津·高考真题)It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A.need B.should C.could D.must 3.(2021·天津·高考真题)---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A.may have made B.should have made C.couldn't have made D.needn't have made 4.(2020·天津·高考真题)You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't 5.(2020·天津·高考真题)Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A.must B.can C.need D.should 6.(2019·天津·高考真题)Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A.need have practised B.might practise C.must have practised D.could practise 7.(2019·天津·高考真题)Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there. A.would be B.might have been C.would have been D.had been 8.(2019·天津·高考真题)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class. A.should they B.they should C.dare they D.they dare 9.(2019·天津·高考真题)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A.accomplished B.had accomplished C.would accomplish D.would have accomplished 10.(2018·天津·高考真题)—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t 11.(2018·天津·高考真题)Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college. A.studied B.had studied C.would study D.might have studied 12.(2018·天津·高考真题)(2018·天津) I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A.should leave B.must have left C.might leave D.could have left 13.(2018·天津·高考真题)【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A.had caught B.caught C.have caught D.would catch 名校模拟练 1.(2024·内蒙古通辽·模拟预测)—Are you ________ your dog? —Yes, but I can’t ________ it. A.look for, find B.find, look for C.looking for, find D.finding, look for 2.(2024·天津南开·二模)They queued (排队) for two hours for nothing. They _________ have been told the tickets were sold out. A.would B.may C.must D.should 3.(2024·天津·二模)—Could you give me a ride to the airport? I’m going to be late. — Come with me. I’ll take the nearest route and you ______ be in time for your flight. A.shall B.need C.dare D.have to 4.(2024·天津和平·二模)—Jimmy, how did your final exam go? —I thought I_______, but the result was not so bad. A.might have failed B.shall have failed C.should have failed D.must have failed 5.(2024·天津·二模)The cake __________ have been carefully baked for hours based on its delicious taste. A.must B.need C.should D.would 6.(2024·天津·模拟预测)When weather permitted, he __________ go to the tea house after dinner to talk with other old partners every day. A.might B.should C.could D.would 7.(2024·山东济南·二模)If I were you, I ______the chance to go abroad. A.will seize B.would have seize C.seize D.would seize 8.(2024·天津和平·三模)My laptop ______ be old, but it still works really well. A.can B.could C.may D.would 9.(2024·天津·二模)The HR director announced, “Candidates _______ remain in your seats until all the papers have been collected.” A.can B.shall C.would D.need 10.(2024·天津南开·一模)I know he was wrong, but I ________ tell him because he never listens. A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.oughtn’t 11.(2024·天津·一模)Whenever I visited my grandmother’s house, I ______ rush to the kitchen for the stinky tofu with excitement. A.shall B.would C.must D.may 12.(2024·天津河东·一模)I ______ you about your mistakes, but I didn’t think you would listen to me. A.could have told B.must have told C.should tell D.might tell 13.(2024·内蒙古通辽·模拟预测)They suggest that clever children________ their exams early. A.take B.took C.takes D.will take 14.(24-25高三上·甘肃兰州·开学考试)We desire that our school ______ more activities like this, which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons. A.organised B.organises C.organise D.is organising 15.(20-21高三上·天津北辰·期中)—I failed in the interview, because I didn’t introduce myself completely within three minutes. —You___________ the details. The main points are more important than details. A.should omit B.must omit C.should have omitted D.must have omitted ( 第 12 页 共 13 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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第06讲 单项选择之情态动词&虚拟语气(知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练)-【决胜春考】2025 春季高考英语冲刺总复习(天津专用)
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