专题2阅读理解推理判断题题-2025年高考英语一轮全面复习备考方案(新高考卷)

专题02 推理判断题 目录 1 .考情分析 2 2. 必备知识 考点一 题型分析 知识点1 选项规律………………………………………………………………………………………2 知识点2 得分技巧……………………………………………………………………………………………3 知识点3 分析题型……………………………………………………………………………………………..4 考点二 逻辑推断题…………………………………………………………………………5 考点三 文章出处题………………………………………………………………………………………….6 考点四 数目的意图题…………………………………………………………………………………………..10 3.真题练习 1.名校模拟…………………………………………………………………………….15 2.真题练习……………………………………………………………………………19 1.考情分析 年份 卷别 题数 2024 新高考I卷 4 新高考II卷 4 全国甲卷 6 2023 新高考I卷 6 新高考II卷 7 全国甲卷 5 全国乙卷 8 2022 新高考I卷 6 新高考II卷 4 全国甲卷 全国乙卷 5 2.必备知识 考点一 题型分析 知识点1 选项规律 干扰选项； 释义 以细节代替推断 将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。 过度推断 作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。 正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。 无中生有 在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。 主观臆断 根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。 正确选项特征 释义 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。 信息归纳 具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力 改变词性或语态 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。 特殊句式 使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。 知识点2 得分技巧 1. 理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。 2. 对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。 3. 忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点; 4. 把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。 5. 关注原文高频命题点： 1. 文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考 2. 语言转折和强对比处常考 3. 对文章中心思想处常考 4. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考 5. 中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题 知识点3 分析题型 整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。 设问方式：推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式有: 1) The purpose in writing this text is to_2) The author writes this passage to_.3) The author in this passage intends to __.推断文章出处的设题形式有: 1)The passage is most likely to be taken from___.2)Where would this passage most probably appear? 3)The passage is most likely a part of 推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式有: 1) It can be inferred from the passage that_2) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?3) From the passage we can conclude that是非判断题的设题方式: 1)which of the following is (not) true or false ? 2)All of the following statements are wrong except_ 3)All of the following statements are right/true except ___,4)Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage /text? 逻辑排序题的设题方式: 1)Which of the following describes one's logic in doing sth? 2)Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to ...?3)Choose the right order of the following events in ... 难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。 考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。 考点二 逻辑推断题 1. 根据题干关键词迅速明确题型 2. 抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。 3.对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断， 名师提醒：注意核对推理判断题干扰项典型特征如：主观臆断、过度推断 、以细节代替推断 、无中生有等，正确选项常常以同义替换或正话反说的形式出现。 典例1.（2024年江苏海安高级中学模拟） ...... Another explanation for the spread of fake news is “motivated reasoning,” writes Adam Wyatz, an American management professor, “we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.” So in a world where misleading information is common, training people to care about fact-checking is important, especially in online communities. “We should check things and not just take them at face value,” Sloman says. “Verify before you believe.” 30．Which of the following is an example of “motivated reasoning”? A．You post a message online that gives your personal opinion about a news story. B．You think a university professor dishonest when everybody around you say so. C．You search online for more information about a doubtful story on social media. D．You trust a damaging story about someone who you always judge negatively. 典例2.（2023福建厦门高三一中校考） The curb cut (路缘坡). It's a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder-in more ways than one. Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car-all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut. But it was created with a different purpose in mind. It's hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest". So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently. I think about the "curb cut effect" a lot when working on issues around health equity (公平).The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by Policy LinkCEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity as "a zero-sum game (零和游戏)"and that it is commonly believed that there is a “prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another."What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.” There are multiple examples of this principle at work. For example, investing in policies that create more living-wage jobs or increase the availability of affordable housing certainly benefits people in communities that have limited options. But, the action also empowers those people with opportunities for better health and the means to become contributing members of society-and that benefits everyone. Even the football huddle(密商) was initially created to help deaf football players at Gallaudet College keep their game plans secret from opponents who could have read their sign language. Today, it's used by every team to prevent the opponent from learning about game-winning strategies. So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk-think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.26.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. Caring for disadvantaged groups may finally benefit all. B.Action empowers those with opportunities for better solutions. C. Society should create circumstances that get everyone involved. D. Everyday items are originally invented for people in need of help. 考点三 观点态度题 1.定关键词：分析题干，抓牢关键词。 2.文中定褒贬：从文章找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步做出判断， 3.核对细节词：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。 解题技巧; 做这一类题时一定要留意： 1. 由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或者观点代替作者的思想观点。 2. 特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度、观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。 高频同义转换；名词 circumstance=environment=atmosphere creation=innovation comment=remark=review(make a comment on)data=statistics colleague=coworker direction=discipline=guideline essay=passage=article=text experiment=trial 动词； overuse=abuse reject=refuse=turn down=decline receive=accept see=observe=notice=spot search=explore connect=link=relate=associate explode=blow out discourage=frustrate rent=hire prove=turn out remove=get rid of admire=appreciate possess=own decide=determine=resolve to do get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess 形容词副词 authentic=true=genuine thrilling=frightening thrilled=excited average=ordinary=common=universal time-honored=has a long history dull=boring daring=brave extra=additional glad=pleased=delighted touched=moved significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary accessible=available=at hand appropriate=proper=suitable appealing=attractive immediately=quickly=at once=in rarely=hardly=seldom approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically complex=complicated safe=secure 高频短语 get ready for=be prepared for focus on =concentrate on transform A into B=turn A into B in the long term=in the long run in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point hold on to=insist take action=take measures=take steps to keep in touch with=contact in some respect=to some degree=at some point deal with=cope with=handle with=address at the same time=meanwhile on the spot=on the scene be proud of=take pride in as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth head into=leave for arrive at=reach=get to=approach in spite of=despite from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view try doing=attempt to be filled with=be charged with=be full of prefer to do A rather than do B prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing B run into=come across take the place of=replace come into effect=put...into practice/use from time to time=once in a while be caught in=be trapped in consist of =be made up of for a moment=for a while a collection of =a series of figure out=find out bright up=light up roll around=turn up give...a lecture=deliver a speech draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for in favor of=favorable 1.（2023福建高三福建师大附中校考） Going green is good for business. Consumers are often willing to pay more for eco-friendly products than other comparable products on the market, according to market research. But not all environmental claims are created equally.“Greenwashing”is a form of misinformation often used to fascinate an enthusiastic green consumer. Companies promising to be sustainable, or biodegradable sometimes fail to meet the promises they make to consumers. Greenwashingis particularly common in the fashion industry, says Maxine Bédat, director of The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智库) focused on improving the industry's environmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way for the industry to attract consumers. "I think we're at the top of green washing in the industry," she says.” Retailers (零售商) will mislead consumers by distracting them from a company's larger issues. For example, a large retailer might roll out a new line of products, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefore theoretically has less of an environmental impact than the other clothes the company sells. "You think ‘Oh that sounds great,'" Bédat says. But that same company might ignore water usage in the rest of their products lines, while doing nothing to address the other ways that their production might be harming the environment. When it comes to fashion, Bérdat says to rethink shopping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled“carbon neutral (碳中和)”still produces more carbon than wearing a sweater already in your closet. She notes,"The most sustainable thing you can do as a consumer is wear the things you have more." As more companies look to cash in on sustainable marketing, governments are beginning to take more action to safeguard consumers. In New York, The Fashion Act would require fashion companies operating in the state to obey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brought forth by members of the European Union would more strictly regulate environmental claims and sustainability labels slapped on products sold in Europe. 1. What is Berdat's attitude towards greenwashing? A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving. D.Tolerant 2.（2024年河南、山西大联考） Leo Walsh participated in the design of the minivan, a kind of vehicle, which revolutionized the way families traveled 40 years ago to generations of Americans. After graduating from Virginia Tech with a degree in engineering in 1956. Walsh was hired by Chrysler in Detroit. “That was the best decision I ever made, because if I’d gone to GM, I could have been lost in a big hurry,” Walsh said. The engineer proved his ability while making $485 a month. “I was the youngest chief engineer at Chrysler at that time,” Walsh recalled. Walsh was approached by the manager in 1976 to design a vehicle unlike any other. Walsh’s team didn’t waste time. “We designed a prototype (原型) by cutting down the big vans,” Walsh explained. But the plans Walsh led would sit on a shelf collecting dust. “We kept proving that it was workable through the prototypes,” Walsh said. Then eight years later, Chrysler’s new CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the project. “He thought it was a product that needed to be on the market,” Walsh said. “It was decided to produce it in 1984.” With its extra cargo (货物) space and roominess for passengers, the Chrysler minivan was an instant hit. “It became the cash cow of Chrysler Corporation,” Walsh said. After 32 years in Chrysler, Walsh retired in 1988 just four years after the first minivan was produced. “The world’s best minivans and that is true,” Walsh said. “It was a landmark vehicle.” 2024 marks the 40th anniversary of the minivan, proving good ideas get good gas mileage. The 93-year-old doesn’t take credit for the minivan. To this day Walsh sings high praise for his talented team. Admirably, the retired engineer helped introduce a new way of driving. “I enjoyed every minute of those jobs. That is all I have got to say,” Walsh said. “I enjoyed every minute of my career. I am very fortunate to be there at the beginning.” What was the attitude of the CEOs before Lee Iacocca to Walsh’s prototype? A．Unclear. B．Approving. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive. 考点四 文章出处题 1.扫描题干，识别关键词如, poster海报，travel brochure旅游指南，journal杂志，instruction说明书,，digest文摘，science journal科学期刊等词。 2.浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。 牢记选项词。 3. 对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。 答题技巧： 书刊杂志 中心内容突出，类别变化明显。如，以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的科普杂志； 报纸类 往往在文中出现日期、地点等名称。 网站网络 文中常有如www.，web, online, click, mouse等用词。 旅游手册 提供景点介绍或旅游路线、宾馆入住等常识或相关词汇如，souvenir等。 说明书 文中会出现如，设备、器具使用说明；药品服用次数、数量等。 1.（2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟） With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list. Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London Not your standard gallery, the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of art, but its practice. It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking. Besides, what sets the RA apart is its engagement with the public through participatory experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art but become part of it in innovative ways. Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich ...... Whitworth, Manchester After a sky-high £15 million development, the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the north of England. Making full use of its picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace (露台), all waiting to be explored. Inside the gallery, you can view an exciting programme of ever-changing exhibitions. Where is the text probably taken from? A．An art textbook. B．An art student’s paper. C．A personal travel blog. D．A travel guidebook. 典例2.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考） The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK. The British Library, London Located in London, the British Library is home to over 170 million items. The collections offer a glimpse into literary heritage over the ages, from books to maps to manuscripts. Visitors can browse treasures including Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook. Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms. Bodleian Old Library, Oxford Dating back to 1488, the Bodleian Old Library has three notable reading rooms. It is celebrated for its late Gothic architecture. You may recognize the elaborately carved ceiling from scenes in Harry Potter.Students at the university automatically get access to the library. John Rylands Library, Manchester ...... In which column of a newspaper can the passage be found? A． Culture B．Fashion C．Science D．Entertainment 考点四 目的意义题 记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience...）； 应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...） 说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons...）； 议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 1.（2024·浙江杭州·一模） Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained (逮捕). During a friendly match between Australia and Argentina in the Workers’ Stadium in the city’s Chaoyang district on Thursday, the fan, whose surname is Di, ran onto the field, giving a hug to his favorite footballer Messi. He was run after by security guards but he managed to flee and high-five Argentina goalkeeper Emi Martinez before being caught. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To give a brief introduction of the event. B．To provide background information about the match. C．To explain what fans should do when attending a game. D．To warn the fans not to break the public rules. 2. （2024年河南、山西大联考） Can happiness be obtained — by learning about it in school? The University of Bristol’s Science of Happiness course, which launched in 2018, is helping answer that question. Not your typical college class, the innovative course features absolutely no tests or work. Instead it focuses on teaching students what the latest studies in psychology suggest really makes people happy. Now, the research team behind that class has released a new study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy. Thanks to their course, researchers had already established that teaching students about the latest scientific studies focusing on happiness results in a notable improvement in well-being. During this latest project, they took things a step further. Their work shows that increases in well-being among students are ultimately short-lived — unless individuals practice what’s been taught during the course for ages. “It’s like going to the gym — we can’t expect to do one class and be fit forever. Just as with physical health, we have to continuously work on our mental health, otherwise the improvements are temporary,” explains senior study author Professor Bruce Hood. Students who took the happiness course reported a 10 to 15 percent improvement in well-being. However, only those who continued practicing what they learned during the course reported sustained improved well-being upon being surveyed again two years later. This project is the first ever to track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the class ended. Why does Prof. Hood mention “the gym” in paragraph 3? A．To offer a solution. B．To make a prediction. C．To illustrate an idea. D．To raise a question. 1. 3.真题练习 1. 名校模拟 1. （2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）...... Yet, as the animals’ return becomes increasingly widespread, the debate is shifting from whether to bring them back to a question of how to manage them once they start appearing in waterways. The consequences of bringing beavers back are not all positive, the most common one being the flooding they can cause, rather than reduce. In addition, critics point to the high costs of beaver-felled trees and be aver reintroduction programs.“Who’s going to pick up the cost, who’s going to do the repairs, who’s going to cover crop loss?”asks Richard Bramley, a farmer from the York area.“There’s no plan.” What is Richard Bramley’s attitude toward be aver projects? A．Critical. B．Appreciative. C．Neutral. D．Tolerant. 2. （2024·北京八中·模拟预测） ...... “The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says. What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment? A．Appreciative B．Doubtful C．Cautious D．Optimistic 3. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping? According to an email interview by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the general population has at least one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts of the night. There is no exact explanation for nightmares, but Breus says it’s possible that they help the brain practise, prepare for and even predict difficult or dangerous experiences in waking life. Of course, it’s possible that nightmares, like dreams in general, don’t have a primary function — that they’re a by-product of other activities in the body. But most sleep scientists think that dreams and nightmares exist for some purposes. One study found the most common nightmare was falling, followed by dreams of being chased, feeling lost, and feeling trapped. Then why do nightmares happen? “Certain circumstances and characteristics make some people more likely to have nightmares than others,” says sleep medicine specialist Dr. Barry Krakow. He thinks people who’ve been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are certainly at a higher risk of nightmares Examples are offered of those who have suffered criminal attacks, or who have been in life-threatening accidents. People with some degree of sensitivity in their biological make-up are also more likely to have bad dreams, so they’re more common in people who suffer from anxiety or depression, or who use excess drugs or alcohol. The traditional belief often has it that nightmares are the result of eating too much rich food before bedtime, but it is still uncertain whether this is true. One study from 2015 did find a link between eating dairy or hot foods before bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authors noted that this couldn’t be proven definitely because the data was self-reported and there were a lot of other factors to consider. However, research in recent decades has shown that people who suffer from sleep disorders are also more likely to have nightmares. From which section of a website is the text probably taken? A．Mental health. B．Life experiences. C．Eating habits. D．Popular culture. 4. （2024·江苏盐城中学·模拟预测）When looking for some vacation ideas to spread out and get some time and space to yourself, check out these great resorts (度假胜地) options. Hyatt Ziva Cap Cana Located in Punta Cana, this family-friendly vacation at an all-inclusive resort offers something for everyone in your party. Parents can enjoy relaxing by one of the resort’s swim-up bars in an infinity pool or head out for some deep-sea fishing. Kids, meanwhile, can head over to the kids’ club for a number of activities. Plus, all of the drinks and food across the 14 restaurants and bars is included. Beaches Turks & Caicos This resort has become the Caribbean’s popular go-to when it comes to all-inclusive family vacations that provide great value since there’s so much to do for guests of all ages. There’s a 45,000-square-foot water park, 24 restaurants, unlimited PADI-certified scuba diving and water sports, a 12-mile beach, a spa, 10 pools—whew! The Alisal Guest Ranch If you live in the city and want to get back to nature, this luxury farm over nearly 11,000 acres in California’s Santa Ynez Valley is a perfect fit for a family. All that wide-open space means activities like horseback riding, scenic cycling, hiking, fishing, kayaking and, for the body-and-spirit-minded traveler in your group, yoga. Montage Palmetto Bluff The 20,000-acre community includes a nature preserve with walking trails, but the real stars of the show here are the over 300 species of birds. The resort’s resident naturalist takes families on walks to Bird Island, sharing a history of the area. Plus, kids will love the kayak tours that get up close to the dolphins that live there year-round. What is the purpose of the text? A．To organize some family parties. B．To highlight some tourist resorts. C．To introduce some nature reserves. D．To stimulate some domestic needs. 5.（2024·湖北襄阳四中·模拟）...... In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye. A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart. Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms? A．To improve his photography techniques. B．To capture dynamic life in an artistic way. C．To collect biological data for deeper research. D．To use a new approach to scientific studies. 6.（2024·江苏海安高级中学·模拟） ...... Don’t mistake all moments as equal insignificance. There’s a reason why yoga classes end with savasana (挺卧式). There’s a reason we eat dessert last. Do organize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll might say: Finish strong. Last impressions are especially lasting. Why is Pete Carroll mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show the importance of doing sports. B．To explain why last impressions are lasting. C．To prove the peak-end rule can be used in sports. D．To encourage readers to value the last moments of an experience. 7. （2024·河南郑州·二模） Even though the Arctic is a popular tourist destination, don't forget that people live here too. “It is recommended that visitors go with tour groups that are respectful of Arctic residents (居民) and their culture,” said Rosa. “Too many people can disturb the small villages. Finding tour groups that work with local communities is important.” What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Tour groups are not welcome among Arctic residents. B．The Arctic's population has been rising in recent years. C．Visitors should choose suitable tour groups when visiting. D．Tour groups should get permission from local communities. 8. （2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测） The interaction of human psychology and algorithm amplification leads to disfunction because social learning supports cooperation and problem-solving, but social media algorithms are designed to increase engagement. We call it functional mismatch. One of the key outcomes of functional mismatch is that people start to form incorrect perceptions of their social world, which often occurs in the field of politics. Recent research suggests that when algorithms selectively amplify more extreme political views, people begin to think that their political in-group and out-group are more sharply divided than they really are. Such “false polarization” might be an important source of greater political conflict. Why does the author refer to “false polarization” in paragraph 4? A．To make an assumption. B．To illustrate a conclusion. C．To explain a political issue. D．To present an extreme case. 9. （2024·北京朝阳·二模）A Bridge Linking Art and the Audience According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size. We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways. In 2018, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion. More traditional institutions are paying attention. Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing. Since many people feel intimidated and think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it. Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks. The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings. His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures. It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognise a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers. They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming. But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board. Ensuring that art-and writing and talking about art-is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers, inside and outside of institutions, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part. 1．What challenge is the author trying to tackle? A．People doubt a great diversity of artworks. B．Fewer and fewer young people go to museums. C．Art appears too distant from common audience. D．Adult audience has a different understanding of art. 2．What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Tired. B．Worried. C．Annoyed. D．Surprised. 3．In the author’s opinion, the museums and galleries should ________. A．make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way. B．change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge. C．limit the number of storytellers both in and out of institutions. D．improve the permanent collections by adding famous artworks. 4．We can conclude from the passage that common audience ________. A．lacks the channels to understand and talk about art history. B．prefers to view artworks and hear art stories on social media. C．feels satisfied with people and interests represented on board. D．refuses to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories. 10. （23-24高三·上海·阶段练习）The last few months had brought to my attention an important incompatibility between us — one that I’d never noticed before. Despite being a pair of lifelong travelers, Felipe and I seldom travel in a similar way. The reality about Felipe is that he’s both the best traveler I’ve ever met and by far the worst. He hates strange bathrooms and dirty restaurants and uncomfortable trains and foreign beds. Given a choice, he will always select a lifestyle of routine, familiarity, and reassuringly boring everyday practices. All of which might make you assume that the man is not fit to be a traveler at all. But you would be wrong to assume that, for here is Felipe’s traveling gift, his superpower, the secret weapon that makes him peerless. He can create a familiar habitat of boring everyday practices for himself anyplace, if you just let him stay in one spot. He can assimilate absolutely anywhere on the planet in about three days, and then he’s capable of staying put in that place for the next decade or so without complaint. This is why Felipe has been able to live all over the world. Not merely travel, but live. Over the year he has folded himself into societies from South America to Europe, from the Middle East to the South Pacific. He arrives somewhere totally new, decides he likes the place, moves right in, learns the language, and instantly becomes a local. While Felipe can find a corner anywhere in the world and settle down for good, I can’t. I am infinitely curious and almost infinitely patient with minor disasters, which makes me a far better day-to-day traveler than he will ever be. So I can go anywhere on the planet—that’s not a problem. The problem is I just can’t live anywhere on the planet. I’d realized this only a few weeks earlier, back in northern Laos, when Felipe had woken up one lovely morning in Luang Prabang and said, “Darling, let’s stay here.” 1．According to the writer, what is Felipe’s traveling gift? A．He can speak dozens of languages. B．He can make himself at home anywhere. C．He can decide at first sight if he likes the place. D．He can find interesting activities in boring places. 2．According to the writer, why is she a better traveler than Felipe? A．She is much more restless than he is. B．She can travel for a longer time than he can. C．She is more curious about local life than he is. D．She can live better in poor places than he can. 2. 真题练习 1.（ 2023年新高考II卷B篇） Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 2.（2023年新高考II卷C篇） Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. 3.（2023年全国乙卷C篇） It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 4.（2023年全国甲卷B篇） She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £ 5 a day? A．For a birthday gift. B．As a treat for her work. C．To support her DIY projects. D．To encourage her to take up a hobby. 5.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解B篇） Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” ...... Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 6.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） ...... Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 7.（2024·浙江杭州·一模） ...... A Chinese state media said while the fan’s passion was understandable, it did not support his behavior, adding that it would interrupt the game and end anger public safety. Most people expressed their admiration for the fan’s courage because he did what they had wanted to do but dared not to. At the same time, they also criticized Di for not obeying the game rules and bringing many security risks to the event. What do most people think of Di’s behavior? A．They totally admired his courage. B．They criticized him for attacking the guard. C．They disapproved of his breaking the rules. D．They wanted to follow suit and hugged their favorite stars. 8. （2023年全国甲卷） Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who m 25．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Food should be provided for grizzlies. B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C．A special path should be built for grizzlies. D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. anages bears in and around Missoula. 9. （2023年新高考I卷D篇） In a follow-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 14. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. ( 25 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 推理判断题 目录 1 .考情分析 2 2. 必备知识 考点一 题型分析 知识点1 选项规律………………………………………………………………………………………2 知识点2 得分技巧……………………………………………………………………………………………3 知识点3 分析题型……………………………………………………………………………………………..4 考点二 逻辑推断题…………………………………………………………………………5 考点三 文章出处题………………………………………………………………………………………….6 考点四 目的意图题…………………………………………………………………………………………..10 3.真题练习 1.名校模拟…………………………………………………………………………….15 2.真题练习……………………………………………………………………………19 1.考情分析 年份 卷别 题数 2024 新高考I卷 4 新高考II卷 4 全国甲卷 6 2023 新高考I卷 6 新高考II卷 7 全国甲卷 5 全国乙卷 8 2022 新高考I卷 6 新高考II卷 4 全国甲卷 全国乙卷 5 2.必备知识 考点一 题型分析 知识点1 选项规律 干扰选项； 释义 以细节代替推断 将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。 过度推断 作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。 正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。 无中生有 在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。 主观臆断 根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。 正确选项特征 释义 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。 信息归纳 具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力 改变词性或语态 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。 特殊句式 使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。 知识点2 得分技巧 1. 理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。 2. 对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。 3. 忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点; 4. 把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。 5. 关注原文高频命题点： 1. 文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考 2. 语言转折和强对比处常考 3. 对文章中心思想处常考 4. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考 5. 中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题 知识点3 分析题型 整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。 设问方式：推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式有: 1) The purpose in writing this text is to_2) The author writes this passage to_.3) The author in this passage intends to __.推断文章出处的设题形式有: 1)The passage is most likely to be taken from___.2)Where would this passage most probably appear? 3)The passage is most likely a part of 推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式有: 1) It can be inferred from the passage that_2) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?3) From the passage we can conclude that是非判断题的设题方式: 1)which of the following is (not) true or false ? 2)All of the following statements are wrong except_ 3)All of the following statements are right/true except ___,4)Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage /text? 逻辑排序题的设题方式: 1)Which of the following describes one's logic in doing sth? 2)Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to ...?3)Choose the right order of the following events in ... 难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。 考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。 考点二 逻辑推断题 1. 根据题干关键词迅速明确题型 2. 抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。 3.对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断， 名师提醒：注意核对推理判断题干扰项典型特征如：主观臆断、过度推断 、以细节代替推断 、无中生有等，正确选项常常以同义替换或正话反说的形式出现。 典例1.（2024年江苏海安高级中学模拟） ...... Another explanation for the spread of fake news is “motivated reasoning,” writes Adam Wyatz, an American management professor, “we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.” So in a world where misleading information is common, training people to care about fact-checking is important, especially in online communities. “We should check things and not just take them at face value,” Sloman says. “Verify before you believe.” 30．Which of the following is an example of “motivated reasoning”? A．You post a message online that gives your personal opinion about a news story. B．You think a university professor dishonest when everybody around you say so. C．You search online for more information about a doubtful story on social media. D．You trust a damaging story about someone who you always judge negatively. 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.(我们自然而然地更倾向于相信那些证实了我们现有观点的事情。)”可判断，D选项“你相信一个你总是负面评价的人的坏故事”为动机推理的典型例子。故选D。 【答案】 D 典例2.（2023福建厦门高三一中校考） The curb cut (路缘坡). It's a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder-in more ways than one. Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car-all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut. But it was created with a different purpose in mind. It's hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest". So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently. I think about the "curb cut effect" a lot when working on issues around health equity (公平).The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by Policy LinkCEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity as "a zero-sum game (零和游戏)"and that it is commonly believed that there is a “prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another."What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.” There are multiple examples of this principle at work. For example, investing in policies that create more living-wage jobs or increase the availability of affordable housing certainly benefits people in communities that have limited options. But, the action also empowers those people with opportunities for better health and the means to become contributing members of society-and that benefits everyone. Even the football huddle(密商) was initially created to help deaf football players at Gallaudet College keep their game plans secret from opponents who could have read their sign language. Today, it's used by every team to prevent the opponent from learning about game-winning strategies. So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk-think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.26.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. Caring for disadvantaged groups may finally benefit all. B.Action empowers those with opportunities for better solutions. C. Society should create circumstances that get everyone involved. D. Everyday items are originally invented for people in need of help. [答案] A 【解析]因果推断题。通读全文可知，最后一段“So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk--think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.(所以，下次你过马路，或者把行李箱推过人行横道，或者直接骑自行车上人行道时，想想路缘坡，这种设计上的改变打破了对弱势群体的排斥，不仅帮助了这一群体，也帮助了我们所有人。)”进行了总结，路缘坡这种设计不仅帮助了弱势群体，也帮助了所有人，这就是“路缘坡效应”，当我们关心弱势群体时，也可能最后让所有人受益。故选A。 考点三 观点态度题 1.定关键词：分析题干，抓牢关键词。 2.文中定褒贬：从文章找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步做出判断， 3.核对细节词：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。 解题技巧; 做这一类题时一定要留意： 1. 由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或者观点代替作者的思想观点。 2. 特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度、观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。 高频同义转换；名词 circumstance=environment=atmosphere creation=innovation comment=remark=review(make a comment on)data=statistics colleague=coworker direction=discipline=guideline essay=passage=article=text experiment=trial 动词； overuse=abuse reject=refuse=turn down=decline receive=accept see=observe=notice=spot search=explore connect=link=relate=associate explode=blow out discourage=frustrate rent=hire prove=turn out remove=get rid of admire=appreciate possess=own decide=determine=resolve to do get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess 形容词副词 authentic=true=genuine thrilling=frightening thrilled=excited average=ordinary=common=universal time-honored=has a long history dull=boring daring=brave extra=additional glad=pleased=delighted touched=moved significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary accessible=available=at hand appropriate=proper=suitable appealing=attractive immediately=quickly=at once=in rarely=hardly=seldom approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically complex=complicated safe=secure 高频短语 get ready for=be prepared for focus on =concentrate on transform A into B=turn A into B in the long term=in the long run in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point hold on to=insist take action=take measures=take steps to keep in touch with=contact in some respect=to some degree=at some point deal with=cope with=handle with=address at the same time=meanwhile on the spot=on the scene be proud of=take pride in as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth head into=leave for arrive at=reach=get to=approach in spite of=despite from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view try doing=attempt to be filled with=be charged with=be full of prefer to do A rather than do B prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing B run into=come across take the place of=replace come into effect=put...into practice/use from time to time=once in a while be caught in=be trapped in consist of =be made up of for a moment=for a while a collection of =a series of figure out=find out bright up=light up roll around=turn up give...a lecture=deliver a speech draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for in favor of=favorable 1.（2023福建高三福建师大附中校考） Going green is good for business. Consumers are often willing to pay more for eco-friendly products than other comparable products on the market, according to market research. But not all environmental claims are created equally.“Greenwashing”is a form of misinformation often used to fascinate an enthusiastic green consumer. Companies promising to be sustainable, or biodegradable sometimes fail to meet the promises they make to consumers. Greenwashingis particularly common in the fashion industry, says Maxine Bédat, director of The New Standard Institute, a think tank (智库) focused on improving the industry's environmental standards. Being sustainable is the latest trend and a way for the industry to attract consumers. "I think we're at the top of green washing in the industry," she says.” Retailers (零售商) will mislead consumers by distracting them from a company's larger issues. For example, a large retailer might roll out a new line of products, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefore theoretically has less of an environmental impact than the other clothes the company sells. "You think ‘Oh that sounds great,'" Bédat says. But that same company might ignore water usage in the rest of their products lines, while doing nothing to address the other ways that their production might be harming the environment. When it comes to fashion, Bérdat says to rethink shopping habits. After all, buying a new sweater labeled“carbon neutral (碳中和)”still produces more carbon than wearing a sweater already in your closet. She notes,"The most sustainable thing you can do as a consumer is wear the things you have more." As more companies look to cash in on sustainable marketing, governments are beginning to take more action to safeguard consumers. In New York, The Fashion Act would require fashion companies operating in the state to obey the Paris Climate Agreement. A new law brought forth by members of the European Union would more strictly regulate environmental claims and sustainability labels slapped on products sold in Europe. 1. What is Berdat's attitude towards greenwashing? A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving. D.Tolerant [答案]C 【解析]观点态度判断题。根据第二段中的“Greenwashing is particularly common in the fashion industry, says Maxine Bedat, director of The New Standard Institute, a think tank(智库) focused on improving the industry's environmental standards.(专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库--新标准研究所所长Maxine Bédat表示，漂绿在时尚行业尤其常见。)”和倒数第二段中的“When it comes to fashion, Bérdat says to rethink shopping habits.(谈到时尚，BÃrdat说要重新思考购物习惯。)”以及该段中她说的话The most sustainable thing you can do as a consumer is wear the things you have more.(作为消费者，你能做的最可持续的事情就是多穿你拥有的东西。)”可知，Maxine Bédat在专注于提高时尚行业环境标准的智库工作，她认为漂绿在时尚行业很常见，并建议重新思考购物习惯，多穿已有的衣服，由此可推测出，她对漂绿这种现象不支持，故选C 2.（2024年河南、山西大联考） Leo Walsh participated in the design of the minivan, a kind of vehicle, which revolutionized the way families traveled 40 years ago to generations of Americans. After graduating from Virginia Tech with a degree in engineering in 1956. Walsh was hired by Chrysler in Detroit. “That was the best decision I ever made, because if I’d gone to GM, I could have been lost in a big hurry,” Walsh said. The engineer proved his ability while making $485 a month. “I was the youngest chief engineer at Chrysler at that time,” Walsh recalled. Walsh was approached by the manager in 1976 to design a vehicle unlike any other. Walsh’s team didn’t waste time. “We designed a prototype (原型) by cutting down the big vans,” Walsh explained. But the plans Walsh led would sit on a shelf collecting dust. “We kept proving that it was workable through the prototypes,” Walsh said. Then eight years later, Chrysler’s new CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the project. “He thought it was a product that needed to be on the market,” Walsh said. “It was decided to produce it in 1984.” With its extra cargo (货物) space and roominess for passengers, the Chrysler minivan was an instant hit. “It became the cash cow of Chrysler Corporation,” Walsh said. After 32 years in Chrysler, Walsh retired in 1988 just four years after the first minivan was produced. “The world’s best minivans and that is true,” Walsh said. “It was a landmark vehicle.” 2024 marks the 40th anniversary of the minivan, proving good ideas get good gas mileage. The 93-year-old doesn’t take credit for the minivan. To this day Walsh sings high praise for his talented team. Admirably, the retired engineer helped introduce a new way of driving. “I enjoyed every minute of those jobs. That is all I have got to say,” Walsh said. “I enjoyed every minute of my career. I am very fortunate to be there at the beginning.” What was the attitude of the CEOs before Lee Iacocca to Walsh’s prototype? A．Unclear. B．Approving. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“But the plans Walsh led would sit on a shelf collecting dust.(但沃尔什领导的计划却被搁置在架子上积灰)”以及“Then eight years later, Chrysler’s new CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the project.(八年后，克莱斯勒的新任CEO李·艾柯卡批准了这个项目)”可推知，在Lee Iacocca之前的CEO们对Walsh团队所设计的原型持排斥态度。故选D。 【答案】D 考点四 文章出处题 1.扫描题干，识别关键词如, poster海报，travel brochure旅游指南，journal杂志，instruction说明书,，digest文摘，science journal科学期刊等词。 2.浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。 牢记选项词。 3. 对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。 答题技巧： 书刊杂志 中心内容突出，类别变化明显。如，以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的科普杂志； 报纸类 往往在文中出现日期、地点等名称。 网站网络 文中常有如www.，web, online, click, mouse等用词。 旅游手册 提供景点介绍或旅游路线、宾馆入住等常识或相关词汇如，souvenir等。 说明书 文中会出现如，设备、器具使用说明；药品服用次数、数量等。 1.（2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟） With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list. Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London Not your standard gallery, the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of art, but its practice. It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking. Besides, what sets the RA apart is its engagement with the public through participatory experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art but become part of it in innovative ways. Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich ...... Whitworth, Manchester After a sky-high £15 million development, the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the north of England. Making full use of its picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace (露台), all waiting to be explored. Inside the gallery, you can view an exciting programme of ever-changing exhibitions. Where is the text probably taken from? A．An art textbook. B．An art student’s paper. C．A personal travel blog. D．A travel guidebook. 【解析】文章出处题。通读全文，并根据第一段“With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.(拥有如此强大的艺术遗产，英国在世界一流的艺术画廊中脱颖而出也就不足为奇了。这些是你需要添加到你的必游列表的画廊)”可知，这段文本很可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选D项。 【答案】 D 典例2.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考） The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK. The British Library, London Located in London, the British Library is home to over 170 million items. The collections offer a glimpse into literary heritage over the ages, from books to maps to manuscripts. Visitors can browse treasures including Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook. Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms. Bodleian Old Library, Oxford Dating back to 1488, the Bodleian Old Library has three notable reading rooms. It is celebrated for its late Gothic architecture. You may recognize the elaborately carved ceiling from scenes in Harry Potter.Students at the university automatically get access to the library. John Rylands Library, Manchester ...... In which column of a newspaper can the passage be found? A． Culture B．Fashion C．Science D．Entertainment 【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The UK is home to 26 world-ranked ...... Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK.(英国有26所大学进入全球前200名。每所大学的中心都是图书馆，这是学生获取资源、吸收知识和收集思想的空间。以下是我们在英国必去的一些图书馆)”可知，文章主要介绍了在英国必须要去的四个博物馆，可知在报纸的文化专栏中可能找到这篇文章。故选A。 【答案】A 考点四 目的意义题 记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience...）； 应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...） 说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons...）； 议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 1.（2024·浙江杭州·一模） Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained (逮捕). During a friendly match between Australia and Argentina in the Workers’ Stadium in the city’s Chaoyang district on Thursday, the fan, whose surname is Di, ran onto the field, giving a hug to his favorite footballer Messi. He was run after by security guards but he managed to flee and high-five Argentina goalkeeper Emi Martinez before being caught. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To give a brief introduction of the event. B．To provide background information about the match. C．To explain what fans should do when attending a game. D．To warn the fans not to break the public rules. 【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段中“Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained(逮捕).(北京警方周五表示，周四在北京举行的一场比赛中，一名中国球迷跑到球场上拥抱足球传奇人物莱昂内尔·梅西，他已被拘留。)”可知，本段的主要目的是对事件进行简要介绍。故选A项。 【答案】A 2. （2024年河南、山西大联考） Can happiness be obtained — by learning about it in school? The University of Bristol’s Science of Happiness course, which launched in 2018, is helping answer that question. Not your typical college class, the innovative course features absolutely no tests or work. Instead it focuses on teaching students what the latest studies in psychology suggest really makes people happy. Now, the research team behind that class has released a new study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy. Thanks to their course, researchers had already established that teaching students about the latest scientific studies focusing on happiness results in a notable improvement in well-being. During this latest project, they took things a step further. Their work shows that increases in well-being among students are ultimately short-lived — unless individuals practice what’s been taught during the course for ages. “It’s like going to the gym — we can’t expect to do one class and be fit forever. Just as with physical health, we have to continuously work on our mental health, otherwise the improvements are temporary,” explains senior study author Professor Bruce Hood. Students who took the happiness course reported a 10 to 15 percent improvement in well-being. However, only those who continued practicing what they learned during the course reported sustained improved well-being upon being surveyed again two years later. This project is the first ever to track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the class ended. Why does Prof. Hood mention “the gym” in paragraph 3? A．To offer a solution. B．To make a prediction. C．To illustrate an idea. D．To raise a question. 【解析】根据第二段“Thanks to their course, researchers had already established that...during the course for ages.(多亏了这门课程，研究人员已经证实，教授学生有关幸福的最新科学研究，可以显著提高他们的幸福感。在这个最新的项目中，他们更进一步。他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的——除非他们长期实践课程中教授的内容。)”可知，他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的，除非个人长期使用课程中所教授的内容；再根据第三段“It’s like going to the gym — we can’t expect to do one class and be fit forever.(这就像去健身房——我们不能指望上一堂课就永远保持健康)”可推知，Hood提到gym是在举例说明：要学习如何变得快乐，必须要坚持长期实践该课程所学的内容，这就像去健身房一样，不能指望上一堂课就能永远保持健康。故选C。 【答案】 C 1. 3.真题练习 1. 名校模拟 1. （2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）...... Yet, as the animals’ return becomes increasingly widespread, the debate is shifting from whether to bring them back to a question of how to manage them once they start appearing in waterways. The consequences of bringing beavers back are not all positive, the most common one being the flooding they can cause, rather than reduce. In addition, critics point to the high costs of beaver-felled trees and be aver reintroduction programs.“Who’s going to pick up the cost, who’s going to do the repairs, who’s going to cover crop loss?”asks Richard Bramley, a farmer from the York area.“There’s no plan.” What is Richard Bramley’s attitude toward be aver projects? A．Critical. B．Appreciative. C．Neutral. D．Tolerant. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段““Who’s going to pick up the cost, who’s going to do the repairs, who’s going to cover crop loss?”asks Richard Bramley, a farmer from the York area.“There’s no plan.”(“谁来承担成本，谁来维修，谁来赔偿作物损失?”来自约克地区的农民理查德·布拉姆利(Richard Bramley)问道。“没有计划。”)”可知，理查德·布拉姆利认为没有计划，所以对河狸项目持批评态度。故选A项。 2. （2024·北京八中·模拟预测） ...... “The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says. What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment? A．Appreciative B．Doubtful C．Cautious D．Optimistic 【答案】 C 【解析】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation”（干旱压力下植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业的建议，如果在田间条件下设置录音成本不太高的话，这一建议似乎是可行的。）和最后一段中的“She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now, she says.”（她警告说，研究结果还不能扩大到其他压力，如盐或温度，因为这些可能不会导致声音。此外，她还说，目前还没有实验证明飞蛾或其他动物是否能听到并对植物发出的声音做出反应，所以这个想法目前仍然是推测性的。），可推断出Anne Visscher对实验的发现抱有谨慎的态度。故选C项。 3. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping? According to an email interview by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the general population has at least one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts of the night. There is no exact explanation for nightmares, but Breus says it’s possible that they help the brain practise, prepare for and even predict difficult or dangerous experiences in waking life. Of course, it’s possible that nightmares, like dreams in general, don’t have a primary function — that they’re a by-product of other activities in the body. But most sleep scientists think that dreams and nightmares exist for some purposes. One study found the most common nightmare was falling, followed by dreams of being chased, feeling lost, and feeling trapped. Then why do nightmares happen? “Certain circumstances and characteristics make some people more likely to have nightmares than others,” says sleep medicine specialist Dr. Barry Krakow. He thinks people who’ve been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are certainly at a higher risk of nightmares Examples are offered of those who have suffered criminal attacks, or who have been in life-threatening accidents. People with some degree of sensitivity in their biological make-up are also more likely to have bad dreams, so they’re more common in people who suffer from anxiety or depression, or who use excess drugs or alcohol. The traditional belief often has it that nightmares are the result of eating too much rich food before bedtime, but it is still uncertain whether this is true. One study from 2015 did find a link between eating dairy or hot foods before bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authors noted that this couldn’t be proven definitely because the data was self-reported and there were a lot of other factors to consider. However, research in recent decades has shown that people who suffer from sleep disorders are also more likely to have nightmares. From which section of a website is the text probably taken? A．Mental health. B．Life experiences. C．Eating habits. D．Popular culture. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping? According to an email interview by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the general population has at least one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts of the night.(你睡觉时会做可怕的梦吗？根据临床心理学家和睡眠专家Michael Breus博士的电子邮件采访，大约5%的人每周至少做一次噩梦。噩梦通常发生在快速眼动睡眠期间，在夜间的中段和后期。)”可知文章主要讲的是科学家对于做噩梦原因的分析以及一些导致做噩梦的因素，由此可推知，文章可能选自网站的心理健康部分。故选A。 4. （2024·江苏盐城中学·模拟预测）When looking for some vacation ideas to spread out and get some time and space to yourself, check out these great resorts (度假胜地) options. Hyatt Ziva Cap Cana Located in Punta Cana, this family-friendly vacation at an all-inclusive resort offers something for everyone in your party. Parents can enjoy relaxing by one of the resort’s swim-up bars in an infinity pool or head out for some deep-sea fishing. Kids, meanwhile, can head over to the kids’ club for a number of activities. Plus, all of the drinks and food across the 14 restaurants and bars is included. Beaches Turks & Caicos This resort has become the Caribbean’s popular go-to when it comes to all-inclusive family vacations that provide great value since there’s so much to do for guests of all ages. There’s a 45,000-square-foot water park, 24 restaurants, unlimited PADI-certified scuba diving and water sports, a 12-mile beach, a spa, 10 pools—whew! The Alisal Guest Ranch If you live in the city and want to get back to nature, this luxury farm over nearly 11,000 acres in California’s Santa Ynez Valley is a perfect fit for a family. All that wide-open space means activities like horseback riding, scenic cycling, hiking, fishing, kayaking and, for the body-and-spirit-minded traveler in your group, yoga. Montage Palmetto Bluff The 20,000-acre community includes a nature preserve with walking trails, but the real stars of the show here are the over 300 species of birds. The resort’s resident naturalist takes families on walks to Bird Island, sharing a history of the area. Plus, kids will love the kayak tours that get up close to the dolphins that live there year-round. What is the purpose of the text? A．To organize some family parties. B．To highlight some tourist resorts. C．To introduce some nature reserves. D．To stimulate some domestic needs. 【答案】B 【解析】考查写作意图题。根据第一段的“When looking for some vacation ideas to spread out and get some time and space to yourself, check out these great resorts options.(当你想要寻找一些度假的想法，让自己有时间和空间的时候，看看这些很棒的度假胜地。)”可知，文章的目的是宣传一些旅游胜地。故选B。 5.（2024·湖北襄阳四中·模拟）...... In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye. A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart. Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms? A．To improve his photography techniques. B．To capture dynamic life in an artistic way. C．To collect biological data for deeper research. D．To use a new approach to scientific studies. 【答案】B 【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart. (“当我进行延时摄影时，我看到蘑菇周围发生了很多生命——昆虫、蠕虫和其他小生物与它们互动，”他说。洛克伍德对艺术的热爱体现在他随着时间的推移拍摄蘑菇的方法上。尽管他欣赏自己作品的科学方面，但他将自己视为内心的艺术家。)”可推知，Taylor决定拍摄蘑菇的延时视频是为了以艺术的方式捕捉动态生活，故选B项。 6.（2024·江苏海安高级中学·模拟） ...... Don’t mistake all moments as equal insignificance. There’s a reason why yoga classes end with savasana (挺卧式). There’s a reason we eat dessert last. Do organize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll might say: Finish strong. Last impressions are especially lasting. Why is Pete Carroll mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show the importance of doing sports. B．To explain why last impressions are lasting. C．To prove the peak-end rule can be used in sports. D．To encourage readers to value the last moments of an experience. 【答案】 D 【导语】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Do organize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll might say: Finish strong. Last impressions are especially lasting.(一定要仔细安排结局。正如西雅图海鹰队教练皮特·卡罗尔可能会说的那样：强势完成比赛。最后的印象尤其持久。)”可知，作者在最后建议读者要仔细安排结尾，并引用皮特·卡罗尔的话“强势完成比赛”来说明最后的印象会非常持久，强调结尾的重要性，由此可推测出，作者提到皮特·卡罗尔是为了鼓励读者重视一段经历的最后时刻。故选D。 7. （2024·河南郑州·二模） Even though the Arctic is a popular tourist destination, don't forget that people live here too. “It is recommended that visitors go with tour groups that are respectful of Arctic residents (居民) and their culture,” said Rosa. “Too many people can disturb the small villages. Finding tour groups that work with local communities is important.” What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Tour groups are not welcome among Arctic residents. B．The Arctic's population has been rising in recent years. C．Visitors should choose suitable tour groups when visiting. D．Tour groups should get permission from local communities. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“It is recommended that visitors go with tour groups that are respectful of Arctic residents (居民) and their culture(建议游客选择尊重北极居民及其文化的旅游团)”和最后一句“Finding tour groups that work with local communities is important. (找到与当地社区合作的旅游团很重要)”可知，游客应选择合适的旅行团。故选C。 8. （2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测） The interaction of human psychology and algorithm amplification leads to disfunction because social learning supports cooperation and problem-solving, but social media algorithms are designed to increase engagement. We call it functional mismatch. One of the key outcomes of functional mismatch is that people start to form incorrect perceptions of their social world, which often occurs in the field of politics. Recent research suggests that when algorithms selectively amplify more extreme political views, people begin to think that their political in-group and out-group are more sharply divided than they really are. Such “false polarization” might be an important source of greater political conflict. Why does the author refer to “false polarization” in paragraph 4? A．To make an assumption. B．To illustrate a conclusion. C．To explain a political issue. D．To present an extreme case. 【答案】 B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“One of the key outcomes of functional mismatch is that people start to form incorrect perceptions of their social world, which often occurs in the field of politics. Recent research suggests that when algorithms selectively amplify more extreme political views, people begin to think that their political in-group and out-group are more sharply divided than they really are. Such “false polarization” might be an important source of greater political conflict.(功能不匹配的一个关键结果是人们开始对他们的社会世界形成错误的认知，这种情况经常发生在政治领域。最近的研究表明，当算法有选择地放大更极端的政治观点时，人们开始认为他们的政治内部群体和外部群体的分歧比实际情况更严重。这种“虚假两极分化”可能是更大政治冲突的一个重要来源)”可推知，作者在第4段提到“虚假极化”是为了说明结论。故选B。 9. （2024·北京朝阳·二模）A Bridge Linking Art and the Audience According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size. We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways. In 2018, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion. More traditional institutions are paying attention. Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing. Since many people feel intimidated and think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it. Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks. The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings. His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures. It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognise a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers. They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming. But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board. Ensuring that art-and writing and talking about art-is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers, inside and outside of institutions, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part. 1．What challenge is the author trying to tackle? A．People doubt a great diversity of artworks. B．Fewer and fewer young people go to museums. C．Art appears too distant from common audience. D．Adult audience has a different understanding of art. 2．What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Tired. B．Worried. C．Annoyed. D．Surprised. 3．In the author’s opinion, the museums and galleries should ________. A．make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way. B．change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge. C．limit the number of storytellers both in and out of institutions. D．improve the permanent collections by adding famous artworks. 4．We can conclude from the passage that common audience ________. A．lacks the channels to understand and talk about art history. B．prefers to view artworks and hear art stories on social media. C．feels satisfied with people and interests represented on board. D．refuses to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，我们需要连接艺术和观众的桥梁。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap.(我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节，但还没有决定如何消除这一差距)”可知，作者努力解决的挑战是艺术似乎离普通观众太遥远了。故选C项。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“…think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.”可知，由于很多人认为参与对话需要基本水平的理解力，Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中，由此可推知，很多人感觉担心，参与艺术对话需要基本水平的理解能力，划线词“intimidated”意为“担心的”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing.”可知，Getty博物馆的再创作活动证明，如果艺术形式具有吸引力，观众就有潜在的兴趣参与艺术主题；结合最后一段首句“But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within.”可知，但如果博物馆和画廊不从内部进行有意义的改变，我们能做的就只有这么多了。由此可推知，在作者看来，博物馆和画廊应该作出有意义的改变，举办像Getty博物馆那样的再创作活动，才能吸引观众。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience”提到“我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节”；根据第二段中“It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics.(它提供了一条通往艺术史的途径，可以就不同的话题进行对话)”及第三段中“the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.(Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中)”可知，普通观众缺乏理解和谈论艺术史的渠道。故选A项。 10. （23-24高三·上海·阶段练习）The last few months had brought to my attention an important incompatibility between us — one that I’d never noticed before. Despite being a pair of lifelong travelers, Felipe and I seldom travel in a similar way. The reality about Felipe is that he’s both the best traveler I’ve ever met and by far the worst. He hates strange bathrooms and dirty restaurants and uncomfortable trains and foreign beds. Given a choice, he will always select a lifestyle of routine, familiarity, and reassuringly boring everyday practices. All of which might make you assume that the man is not fit to be a traveler at all. But you would be wrong to assume that, for here is Felipe’s traveling gift, his superpower, the secret weapon that makes him peerless. He can create a familiar habitat of boring everyday practices for himself anyplace, if you just let him stay in one spot. He can assimilate absolutely anywhere on the planet in about three days, and then he’s capable of staying put in that place for the next decade or so without complaint. This is why Felipe has been able to live all over the world. Not merely travel, but live. Over the year he has folded himself into societies from South America to Europe, from the Middle East to the South Pacific. He arrives somewhere totally new, decides he likes the place, moves right in, learns the language, and instantly becomes a local. While Felipe can find a corner anywhere in the world and settle down for good, I can’t. I am infinitely curious and almost infinitely patient with minor disasters, which makes me a far better day-to-day traveler than he will ever be. So I can go anywhere on the planet—that’s not a problem. The problem is I just can’t live anywhere on the planet. I’d realized this only a few weeks earlier, back in northern Laos, when Felipe had woken up one lovely morning in Luang Prabang and said, “Darling, let’s stay here.” 1．According to the writer, what is Felipe’s traveling gift? A．He can speak dozens of languages. B．He can make himself at home anywhere. C．He can decide at first sight if he likes the place. D．He can find interesting activities in boring places. 2．According to the writer, why is she a better traveler than Felipe? A．She is much more restless than he is. B．She can travel for a longer time than he can. C．She is more curious about local life than he is. D．She can live better in poor places than he can. 【答案】1．B 2．A 【解析】 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ He can create a familiar habitat of boring everyday practices for himself anyplace, if you just let him stay in one spot. He can assimilate absolutely anywhere on the planet in about three days, and then he’s capable of staying put in that place for the next decade or so without complaint. This is why Felipe has been able to live all over the world. Not merely travel, but live. (如果你让他呆在一个地方，他可以在任何地方为自己创造一个熟悉的无聊的日常练习的栖息地。他可以在三天内完全融入地球上的任何地方，然后他能够在那个地方呆上十年左右而毫无怨言。这就是Felipe能在世界各地生活的原因。不仅要旅行，还要生活。)”以及本段中“ He arrives somewhere totally new, decides he likes the place, moves right in, learns the language, and instantly becomes a local.(他到了一个全新的地方，觉得自己喜欢这个地方，就搬了进去，学会了语言，很快就成了当地人。)”可知，Felipe的旅行天赋是无论在地球上的任何地方，他都能在三天内适应，并在那里长期居住，没有抱怨，这表明他能让自己在任何地方感到像在家一样。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I am infinitely curious and almost infinitely patient with minor disasters, which makes me a far better day-to-day traveler than he will ever be. So I can go anywhere on the planet—that’s not a problem. (我对任何事情都充满了无限的好奇心，并且对于小灾难几乎有着无限的耐心，这让我成为了一个比他更好的日常旅行者。所以我可以去地球上的任何地方——这没有问题。)”可知，作者对任何事情都充满了无限的好奇心，并且对于小灾难几乎有着无限的耐心，这让其成为了一个比Felipe更好的日常旅行者即作者比Felipe更加的不安于现状，希望探求的更多。故选A。 2. 真题练习 1.（ 2023年新高考II卷B篇） Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. 25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根段“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。 2.（2023年新高考II卷C篇） Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。 3.（2023年全国乙卷C篇） It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响。 4.（2023年全国甲卷B篇） She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £ 5 a day? A．For a birthday gift. B．As a treat for her work. C．To support her DIY projects. D．To encourage her to take up a hobby. 【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选B。 5.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解B篇） Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” ...... Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。 6.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇） ...... Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【答案】 A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 7.（2024·浙江杭州·一模） ...... A Chinese state media said while the fan’s passion was understandable, it did not support his behavior, adding that it would interrupt the game and end anger public safety. Most people expressed their admiration for the fan’s courage because he did what they had wanted to do but dared not to. At the same time, they also criticized Di for not obeying the game rules and bringing many security risks to the event. What do most people think of Di’s behavior? A．They totally admired his courage. B．They criticized him for attacking the guard. C．They disapproved of his breaking the rules. D．They wanted to follow suit and hugged their favorite stars. 【答案】 C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They disapproved of his breaking the rules. (同时，他们也批评了Di不遵守比赛规则，给赛事带来了诸多安全隐患。)”可知，大多数人并不赞成他违反规定的做法。故选C项。 8. （2023年全国甲卷） Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who m 25．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Food should be provided for grizzlies. B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C．A special path should be built for grizzlies. D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. anages bears in and around Missoula. 【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。 9. （2023年新高考I卷D篇） In a follow-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 14. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? ( 在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$