课时作业20 完形填空 说明文，议论文（word练习）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

课时作业20　说明文，议论文　 (限时：45分钟) A (2024·浙江名校新高考研究联盟高三联考) Tidying your desk, watering your plants, folding clothes－these household chores are hardly the height of pleasure.Yet I often find myself 　__1__　these little tasks. If I'm stuck in writer's block with a deadline 　__2__　， I'll have to clear up the papers placed around my office — and it's sometimes the most 　__3__　 I feel all day. I'm not 　__4__　 in this.As we faced the stresses of the pandemic, many people reported finding renewed interest in 　__5__　 their homes as a way of coping with uncertainty. Psychologists suggest there are many potential mechanisms (机制) that can explain the pleasure from these tasks and their benefits－these may well encourage you to 　__6__　 these odd jobs more often. Little chores may be useful because they 　__7__　 the mind, leading us to devote fewer resources to the things that 　__8__　 us.Even if we struggle with activities that are meant to help us relax, we may find household tasks can help us appreciate the here and now.But this depends on where we place our 　__9__　. In one of the few studies to examine the mental health benefits of washing the dishes, researchers at Florida State University divided 51 　__10__　 into two groups.Half read a text that encouraged them to 　__11__　 focus their thoughts on the activity.“While washing the dishes, one should be completely 　__12__　 of the fact that one is washing the dishes, ” they were told.The rest read factual instructions on how to do washing up without being encouraged to focus their awareness on the activity. Afterwards, the participants were asked to take a questionnaire about their 　__13__　.Those who had fully engaged with the experience reported a significantly better mood.This included 　__14__　 nervousness and even a sense of “inspiration”， as if the simple activity had 　__15__　 their minds. 1．A.ignoring B．enjoying C．avoiding D．simplifying 2．A.agreed B．established C．passing D．approaching 3．A.relaxed B．bored C．worried D．annoyed 4．A.confident B．fit C．alone D．stuck 5．A.opening up B．setting up C．returning to D．looking after 6．A.deal with B．give up C．learn about D．engage in 7．A.occupy B．broaden C．motivate D．challenge 8．A.interest B．bother C．delight D．surprise 9．A.focus B．hope C．emphasis D．happiness 10．A.dishes B．households C．participants D．tasks 11．A.entirely B．quickly C．mainly D．initially 12．A.sure B．proud C．glad D．aware 13．A.interests B．abilities C．feelings D．habits 14．A.continued B．increased C．unexplained D．reduced 15．A.slipped B．refreshed C．developed D．exhausted [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了整理办公桌、浇花、叠衣服这些家务事对改善人的情绪有益。 1．B　[根据上文“these household chores are hardly the height of pleasure”和Yet表转折可知，作者自己是很享受家务的。] 2．D　[根据上文“stuck in writer's block with a deadline”可知，此处表示截稿日期临近。] 3．A　[根据上文“Yet I often find myself 　__1__　 these little tasks.”可知，当截稿日期临近时，作者觉得清理办公室周围的文件可以让作者放松，所以作者是喜欢做些这种清理东西的小任务的。] 4．C　[根据下文“As we faced the stresses of the pandemic, many people reported finding renewed interest in 　__5__　 their homes as a way of coping with uncertainty.”可知，作者并不是靠做些小任务来放松的唯一的人，也就是作者并不是一个人。] 5．D　[根据第一段的“Tidying your desk, watering your plants, folding clothes－these household chores”和空后的“their homes”可知，此处是指人们通过做些家务来照顾自己的家。] 6．D　[根据上文“Psychologists suggest there are many potential mechanisms (机制) that can explain the pleasure from these tasks and their benefits”，空前的“encourage”和空后的“these odd jobs more often”可知，做这样的任务很可能会鼓励你更频繁地从事这些零散的工作。] 7．A　[根据下文“leading us to devote fewer resources to the things that 　__8__　 us”可知，一些小杂务会占据我们的思想。] 8．B　[根据上文“leading us to devote fewer resources to the things”可知，当我们做一些占据我们思想的小杂务时，我们会把更少的资源投入到困扰我们的事情上，空格处意为“打扰，烦扰”。] 9．A　[根据下文“Half read a text that encouraged them to　__11__　 focus their thoughts on the activity”可知，此处表示“这取决于我们把重点放在哪里”。此处是原词复现。] 10．C　[根据下文“Half read a text”和“The rest read factual instructions”可知，在研究中，研究人员把51名参与者分为两组。] 11．A　[根据下文“one should be completely 　__12__　 of the fact that one is washing the dishes”可知，此处表示“其中一半人读了一篇鼓励他们把注意力完全集中在活动上的文章”。] 12．D　[根据上文“Half read a text that encouraged them to 　__11__　 focus their thoughts on the activity”可知，此处表示人们要完全意识到自己在洗碗。] 13．C　[根据下文“Those who had fully engaged with the experience reported a significantly better mood.This included 　__14__　 nervousness and even a sense of ‘inspiration’”可知，参与者被要求填写一份关于他们感受的问卷。] 14．D　[根据上文“better mood”可知，参与者的情绪更好了，所以是紧张减少了。] 15．B　[根据上文“even a sense of ‘inspiration’”可知，他们好像觉得获得了灵感，也就是说好像这些活动使他们头脑焕然一新，因此空格处是refreshed。] B (2024·江苏灌南中学高三月考) Gone are the days when big businesses were looked upon by environmentalists as enemies in the fight against global warming. Just two weeks after U．S.President Donald Trump pulled his country out of the Paris Climate Agreement, more than 900 American firms put their 　__16__　 to a “We Are Still In” open letter to the United Nations.Together, they promise to help reduce America's carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2025, 　__17__　 the Paris Climate Agreement. 18__　， big businesses have been taking climate change seriously for years now.Alongside energy­efficiency measures, the strongest evidence of their 　__19__　 has been the number of new wind and solar projects that they have been helping to build around the world.IT firms such as Amazon and Google have been using clean energy to power their servers(服务器)．Some environmentalists now believe that big businesses could become strong 　__20__　 behind the worldwide spread of renewable energy.“There used to be little action，” says Marty Spitzer of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), “Now, I see fundamental 　__21__　 being made.” More recently, this enthusiasm for environmental protection has 　__22__　 from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers, and from developed countries to emerging markets.Take Walmart, the world's largest retailer, for example.In March 2016, it said that it would require its own operations and those along its 　__23__　 chain to reduce carbon­dioxide emissions by one billion tons by 2030.This is 　__24__　 to taking 211 million passenger cars off America's roads for a year.The announcement was 　__25__　 by the WWF and other conservation organizations, which are helping Walmart's suppliers work towards this goal.Apple, maker of the iPhone, has said that seven of its biggest global manufacturers have promised to power their Apple­related 　__26__　 with renewable energy by the end of this year. According to the WWF, in the United States alone, nearly two dozen of the biggest firms have committed themselves to becoming 100 percent renewable in the near future.Hervé Touati of the Rocky Mountain Institute, a clean­energy research firm, explains the 　__27__　 behind this trend.Going green improves the companies' public image and helps attract customers, staff and investors. Anheuser­Busch InBev, the world's biggest brewer(啤酒公司), has lots of young people among its many 　__28__　.Many of them take environmental issues seriously.Electricity, used 　__29__　 in the brewing process, amounts to a tenth of its total costs.Last year, the company set out to increase the role of renewables in generating 　__30__　 to 100 percent by 2025.“My generation often takes energy and clean air for granted，” said Tony Milikin, the firm's chief sustainability officer.“The generation coming up now looks at it totally differently.” 16．A.posters B．innovations C．names D．donations 17．A.for fear of B．by means of C．in line with D．on account of 18．A.In fact B．On average C．By contrast D．In addition 19．A.assessment B．commitment C．argument D．attachment 20．A.predictors B．features C．cases D．forces 21．A.changes B．profits C．mistakes D．differences 22．A.transferred B．ranged C．processed D．extended 23．A.food B．store C．supply D．data 24．A.opposite B．equivalent C．accustomed D．second 25．A.criticized B．issued C．welcomed D．underlined 26．A.content B．accounts C．activities D．production 27．A.inspirations B．motivations C．destinations D．functions 28．A.manufacturers B．investors C．customers D．administrators 29．A.considerably B．skillfully C．economically D．occasionally 30．A.heat B．wind C．water D．power [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在许多大企业转变了角色，发生了根本性的变化。由从前加速全球变暖，到现在采用节能和可再生能源等措施改善环境，来认真对待气候变化的问题。 16．C　[根据“to a ‘We Are Still In’ open letter to the United Nations.”可知，900多家美国公司签名了“我们还在”这封公开信。] 17．C　[根据“the Paris Climate Agreement”可知，他们的共同承诺符合《巴黎气候协定》。] 18．A　[根据“big businesses have been taking climate change seriously for years now”可知，是一个事实。] 19．B　[根据上文“Together, they promise to help reduce America's carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2025”可知，是证明他们承诺的最有力证据。] 20．D　[根据上文“IT firms such as Amazon and Google have been using clean energy to power their servers(服务器)．”可知，大企业可能成为全球推广可再生能源的强大力量。] 21．A　[根据“There used to be little action”和“Now”可知，现在他看到了根本性的变化。] 22．D　[根据“from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers, and from developed countries to emerging markets”可知，这种环保热情已经从企业总部扩展到分支机构和供应商，从发达国家扩展到新兴市场。] 23．C　[根据上文“from corporate headquarters to branches and suppliers”可知，该公司表示，到2030年，它将要求自己的业务和供应链沿线的业务减少10亿吨二氧化碳排放。] 24．B　[根据“to taking 211 million passenger cars off America's roads for a year”和上文“to reduce carbon­dioxide emissions by one billion tons by 2030”可知，这相当于美国公路上的2.11亿辆乘用车减少了一年。短语be equivalent to“等(同)于，相等(当)于……”。] 25．C　[根据“which are helping Walmart's suppliers work towards this goal”可知，该声明受到了世界自然基金会和其他环保组织的欢迎。] 26．D　[根据“Apple, maker of the iPhone, has said that...”可知，用可再生能源为与苹果相关的生产提供动力。] 27．B　[根据“explains”和下文“Going green improves the companies' public image and helps attract customers, staff and investors.”可知，Hervé Touati解释了这种趋势背后的动机。] 28．C　[根据“has lots of young people”可知，百威英博的客户中有很多年轻人。] 29．A　[根据“amounts to a tenth of its total costs”可知，在酿造过程中，电力消耗相当大。] 30．D　[根据上文“Electricity, used 　__29__　 in the brewing process”可知，去年该公司开始将可再生能源在发电中的作用提高到2025年的100%。] C (2024·湖南师范大学附中高三月考) Many years ago, I bumped into an old friend of mine.He had devoted his life to acting but had never been quite successful.In his middle age, he seemed 　__31__　 and sad. I thought of his dogged(顽强的)　__32__　.Was it smart or foolish? What could he have achieved had he quit his dream of acting and moved on? Our culture does not look 　__33__　 upon quitting.Failure is perfectly acceptable as long as it eventually 　__34__　 in success. We chant(反复喊着)“Winners never quit” and “If at first you don't succeed, try again.” We 　__35__　 stories of persistence, of the author who 　__36__　 stories for years before her novels were published or of the athlete who trained since childhood to win gold at the Olympics. Persistence 　__37__　 when it is rewarded with success, but it does not reward every person.For every JK Rowling, there are thousands of 　__38__　 writers who will never get published.For every Olympic athlete, there are innumerable(无数的)others who trained every day of their lives and never 　__39__　. We all agree that doing the same things and expecting a different result is 　__40__　.So why do we believe that persevering through failure after 　__41__　is a good idea? We consider quitting in the face of failure to be 　__42__　.We believe that perseverance is the key to success.Perseverance is only one part of success.You need talent or skill, as well as passion and drive.Luck and timing are also key to any great success. Our society believes that anything is possible, as long as you “believe”．But not everyone can make it.Quitting when you're not 　__43__　is sometimes the smartest thing to do. Obviously, if you enjoy a 　__44__　， regardless of its outcome, you should continue.If you knew your novel would never be published, would you want to write? If you could never be a champion swimmer, would you 　__45__　train? Sometimes, it is wise to put your energy into something else. Failure is not always the path to success.Sometimes, failure is the door to something new. 31．A.satisfied B．defeated C．complicated D．shallow 32．A.restriction B．standard C．perseverance D．stick 33．A.kindly B．bravely C．finely D．clearly 34．A.carries B．leads C．brings D．results 35．A.carry out B．write for C．draw up D．jump at 36．A.submitted B．told C．handed D．checked 37．A.rewards off B．pays off C．returns back D．turns back 38．A.ambitious B．serious C．famous D．inspiring 39．A.made it out B．met the standard C．worked it out D．met the need 40．A.inefficient B．unacceptable C．unwise D．insensible 41．A.insistence B．success C．failure D．ending 42．A.keen B．weak C．poor D．flexible 43．A.inspired B．persistent C．willing D．ahead 44．A.need B．pursuit C．consequence D．progress 45．A.ever B．even C．yet D．still [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了当屡试屡败的时候，转向其它事物也是明智的。 31．B　[根据上文“but had never been quite successful.”可知，此处应表示这位老朋友似乎是失败和悲伤的。] 32．C　[根据上文“He had devoted his life to acting”他把一生都奉献给了表演事业，可推知，此处应表示这位老朋友顽强的毅力。] 33．A　[根据下文“We chant(反复喊着)‘Winners never quit’ and ‘If at first you don't succeed, try again.’ ”可知，我们的文化对放弃不友好。] 34．D　[根据上文“Failure is perfectly acceptable”可知，失败是完全可以接受的，只要它最终会导致成功。] 35．D　[根据上文“‘Winners never quit’ and ‘If at first you don't succeed, try again.’”可推知，此处应表示我们会欣然接受那些坚持不懈的故事。] 36．A　[根据上文提到的我们关注的是那些坚持不懈的故事，以及下文“of the athlete who trained since childhood to win gold at the Olympics.”可知，此处应表示作家在她的小说出版前多年就提交自己作品的故事。] 37．B　[根据下文“when it is rewarded with success”可知，此处应表示当坚持得到成功的回报时，就会有回报。] 38．A　[根据上文“but it does not reward every person.”可知，此处应表示每有一个JK罗琳，就有很多雄心勃勃的作家永远不会出版作品。] 39．B　[根据上文提到的并不是每个人付出都会得到回报，以及该句中的“and never...”可推知，此处应表示并不是所有的运动员努力训练后就会达到标准。] 40．C　[根据上文“We all agree that doing the same things”以及该句中的“and expecting a different result”可知，此处应表示做同样的事情而期待不同的结果是不明智的。] 41．C　[结合上文谈到坚持不一定会成功，以及该句中的“So why do we believe that persevering through failure”可推知，此处应表示为什么我们相信在一次次失败中坚持是一个好主意呢？] 42．B　[根据下文“We believe that perseverance is the key to success.”可推知，此处应表示在失败面前放弃是软弱的表现。] 43．D　[根据上文“Our society believes that anything is possible, as long as you ‘believe’．But not everyone can make it.”可知，并非人人都能成功，由此推知，在没有取得成功时放弃，有时是最明智的做法。] 44．B　[根据下文“regardless of its outcome, you should continue.”可推知，此处应表示喜欢的一项事业。] 45．D　[根据下文“Sometimes, it is wise to put your energy into something else.”推知，如果知道自己不会成为游泳冠军，还会依然继续训练吗？——答案是，或许可以把精力放在其他事情上。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$