课时作业14 阅读50分加餐练(2)（word练习）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

课时作业14　阅读50分加餐练(2)　 (限时：40分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2024·重庆市七校高三联考) Unique Birthday Traditions The editors of our international editions share traditions reserved for counting yourself one year older. Lithuania “In my native country, it is customary for the birthday person to sit in a decorated chair and to be lifted up by the party guests，” says editor Eva Mackevic.“How many times the chair is raised will correspond with his or her age.” Japan In Japan, when a child turns one, a ceremony called erabitori is held, where the birthday child chooses from a selection of items spread out around that represent the potential future.When a person turns 20, a coming­of­age celebration will be held on the second Monday January. The Netherlands When someone turns 50, a large doll will be placed in the birthday person's garden or by their front door; men have an “Abraham” doll, women a “Sarah”， based on a Bible passage. Australia A child's first birthday is often celebrated with balloons and specially made “fairy bread”．Some families in Australia also mark the age of 21 with a souvenir “key to the door”， representing the young adult's privilege to come and go from the family home as they please. Germany “In Germany, when unmarried men turn thirty, they are supposed to sweep the stairs of the local church or town hall，” editor Michael Kallinger says, “while women have to deal with the door handle.” This public act is meant to embarrass the person and motivate them to marry. 1．Which is part of a one­year­old boy's birthday celebration in Japan? A．Predicting the boy's future. B．Deciding the boy's career. C．Seeking items at the birthday party. D．Holding a coming­of­age ceremony. 2．What does the “key to the door” symbolize in Australia? A．Love from parents. B．Time to move out. C．End of the 21st birthday. D．Recognition of independence. 3．In which country could a birthday tradition involve cleaning in public places? A．Germany. B．Australia. C．Lithuania. D．The Netherlands. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界一些国家独特的生日传统。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“In Japan, when a child turns one, a ceremony called erabitori is held, where the birthday child chooses from a selection of items spread out around that represent the potential future.”可知，在日本，一岁的孩子在生日派对上在代表着未来的物品中进行选择，即预测男孩的未来。] 2．D　[推理判断题。根据第五段 “Some families in Australia also mark the age of 21 with a souvenir ‘key to the door’， representing the young adult's privilege to come and go from the family home as they please.”可知，在澳大利亚家庭中，房门钥匙象征着孩子来去自由的权利，即对独立的承认。] 3．A　[细节理解题。根据第六段“‘In Germany, when unmarried men turn thirty, they are supposed to sweep the stairs of the local church or town hall，’ editor Michael Kallinger says, ‘while women have to deal with the door handle.’”可知，在德国，未婚男性满30岁时，他们需要打扫当地教堂或者政府的楼梯，女性则处理门把手，即在德国，过生日的传统包含了打扫公共场所。] B (2024·湖北黄冈市高三调研) The daughter of a romantic poet and occasional freedom fighter, Ada Lovelace had a famous but absent father.She never knew Lord Byron, as just weeks after her birth in 1815, he divorced her mother Isabella Milbanke Byron and left to fight in the Greek War of Independence.In an effort to prevent Ada from developing her father's unpredictable temper, Isabella decided that her daughter should devote her life to study. Ada studied hard despite the fact that society did not encourage women pursuing interests in science.Her life changed when she met inventor Charles Babbage at a party.As he demonstrated a working section of his mechanical calculator, Ada was taken in by how it worked and wanted to know more.Impressed by the 17­year­old's obvious passion, Babbage became her tutor.Ada married in 1835 and became a mother, but she continued to take an active interest in study, socialising in intellectual circles with the likes of Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday. Ada stayed in contact with Babbage, who in 1837 had proposed a new machine, the analytical engine.In 1843, Ada was asked to translate a French text written by engineer Luigi Menabrea about Babbage's new design.After completing the translation, Ada was encouraged by Babbage to write her own notes on his work. After nine months of hard work, Ada presented Babbage with a detailed list of notes that was three times longer than the original article.In her calculations, Ada wrote what are considered the first ever computer algorithms to be used in a new type of machine.She essentially provided the first ideas for computer programming in what was a groundbreaking proposal on the potential of computers. Ada died of cancer aged only 36 and her work was largely recognised until the 1950s when her notes were republished.In 1979 the US Department of Defence named a programming language ‘Ada’ in her honour. 4．What can we learn about Ada from the first paragraph? A．She had a devoted father. B．Her mother raised her up alone. C．She had an unpredictable temper. D．Her parents divorced before her birth. 5．Who aroused her interest in mathematics and computer engineering? A．Charles Dickens. B．Michael Faraday. C．Luigi Menabrea. D．Charles Babbage. 6．Which words can best describe Ada? A．Modest and outgoing. B．Talented and diligent. C．Generous and considerate. D．Determined and independent. 7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Ada's notes were published only once. B．Ada named a programming language after herself. C．Ada earned a reputation nearly a century after her death. D．Ada's work was largely recognized when she was alive. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了计算机先驱Ada Lovelace的个人经历以及所取得的成就。 4．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“She never knew Lord Byron, as just weeks after her birth in 1815, he divorced her mother Isabella Milbanke Byron and left to fight in the Greek War of Independence.”可知，Ada从未见过自己的父亲，她是由母亲独自抚养长大的。] 5．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Her life changed when she met inventor Charles Babbage at a party.As he demonstrated a working section of his mechanical calculator, Ada was taken in by how it worked and wanted to know more.Impressed by the 17­year­old's obvious passion, Babbage became her tutor.”可知，是Charles Babbage改变了她的生活，激起了她对数学和计算机工程的兴趣。] 6．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段“Ada studied hard despite the fact that society did not encourage women pursuing interests in science.”可知，Ada 在学习上很刻苦，以及第四段中“In her calculations, Ada wrote what are considered the first ever computer algorithms to be used in a new type of machine.She essentially provided the first ideas for computer programming in what was a groundbreaking proposal on the potential of computers.”可知，她在笔记中提出了计算机编程的第一个想法，是一个关于计算机潜力的开创性建议，说明她极有天赋。] 7．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“She never knew Lord Byron, as just weeks after her birth in 1815, he divorced her mother Isabella Milbanke Byron and left to fight in the Greek War of Independence.”以及最后一段“Ada died of cancer aged only 36 and her work was largely recognised until the 1950s when her notes were republished.”可推知，她出生于1815年，1950年她的笔记被重新出版，也就是她死后快一个世纪的时候，她的贡献才广为人知。] C (2024·河北秦皇岛市部分高中高三二模) Scientists are worried about the future of the axolotl (蝾螈), an unusual Mexican salamander(蜥蜴), and they're asking for help.A new program lets people “adopt” an axolotl to raise money to support efforts to save the endangered animal. If an axolotl loses a leg, or even part of its heart, brain, or lungs, it can regrow them.Scientists have long been interested in this.Some people think the information could help solve some human medical problems. The Mexican axolotl is only found naturally in Lake Xochimilco near Mexico City.This is not a big and open lake, but a collection of canals and smaller bodies of water.Sadly, axolotls are in trouble.The number of axolotls in Xochimilco has dropped 99.5% in less than 20 years.Scientists used to find thousands of axolotls in a fairly small area.Now, they're only finding dozens. There are a number of reasons for the drop in axolotls.One is that the water in the canals has become more and more polluted.Another is that there are invasive fish in the lake which are eating the axolotl's food and even their babies. Scientists at Mexico's National Autonomous University(UNAM) have been working for years to try to protect the axolotls.Last year, the UNAM scientists started a program they called AdoptAxolotl.They asked people to donate money to help pay for efforts to save the axolotl.The program was a big hit, and raised more than $26,000.The money was used to help clean up some of Xochimilco's canals and for a program to raise axolotls in a safe environment. This year, the scientists are trying AdoptAxolotl again.The program offers several ways for people to support axolotls.For $30, you can virtually “adopt” one of the animals for a month.Smaller donations can help pay for food for an axolotl.Larger donations are aimed at improving areas where axolotls live, and include a visit to the protected area where UNAM is raising axolotls. 8．What have the scientists had an interest in? A．How axolotls cure themselves. B．Who can address medical problems. C．How soon axolotls will go extinct. D．Why some people focus on axolotls. 9．Why are the figures listed in Paragraph 3? A．To promote axolotl research. B．To blame the Mexican residents. C．To show the severe conditions. D．To expand the habitat for axolotls. 10．We can learn from the text that AdoptAxolotl 　________　. A．collected enough money B．turned out very popular C．helped to build new canals D．moved students at UNAM 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．New Projects Are Needed to Protect Axolotls B．Amazing Axolotls Live in Hash Environment C．Everyone Can Help to Stop Adopting Animals D．Scientists Work to Save Mexico's Axolotls [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了墨西哥蝾螈面临着严峻的生存危机，科学家们正致力于拯救这种濒危动物。 8．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“If an axolotl loses a leg, or even part of its heart, brain, or lungs, it can regrow them.Scientists have long been interested in this.”可知，科学家们对蝾螈如何治愈自己很感兴趣。] 9．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Sadly, axolotls are in trouble.The number of axolotls in Xochimilco has dropped 99.5% in less than 20 years.Scientists used to find thousands of axolotls in a fairly small area.Now, they're only finding dozens.”可推知，列出这些数字是为了显示蝾螈所处情况的严峻程度。] 10．B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The program was a big hit, and raised more than $26,000.”可知，这个项目结果非常受欢迎。] 11．D　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Scientists are worried about the future of the axolotl (蝾螈), an unusual Mexican salamander(蜥蜴), and they're asking for help.”可知，文章主要介绍了墨西哥蝾螈面临着严峻的生存危机，科学家们正致力于拯救这种濒危动物。因此，D项“科学家努力拯救墨西哥的蝾螈”契合文章主旨，适合作为标题。] D (2024·广东江门市高三二模) Every day, people share more than 2 billion photos on the Internet.While visual content provides a fun and expressive way for people to communicate online, consuming and creating it poses challenges for people who are blind or severely visually impaired (受损的)．With more than 39 million people who are blind, and over 246 million who have a severe visual impairment, many people may feel excluded from the conversation around photos on the Internet.The researchers from Harvard University want to build technology that helps the blind community appreciate photos in the same way others enjoy them. Automatic alternative text is a new development that generates a description of a photo using advancements in object recognition technology.People using screen readers on digital devices will hear a list of items a photo may contain as they click photos on the Internet.Before today, people using screen readers would only hear the name of the person who shared the photo, followed by the term “photo” when they came upon an image.Now they can offer a richer description of what's in a photo thanks to automatic alternative text.For instance, someone could now hear “an image containing three people, smiling, outdoors”． This is possible because of Harvard University's object recognition technology, which is based on a network that has billions of parameters and is trained with millions of examples.Each advancement in object recognition technology means that the researchers will be able to make technology even more accessible to more people.When people are connected, they can achieve extraordinary things as individuals and as a community, and when everyone is connected, we all benefit from it. They are launching automatic alternative text first on cellphone screen readers set to English, but they plan to add this functionality for other languages and platforms soon.While this technology is still 　nascent　， using its current capabilities to describe photos is an important step toward providing our visually impaired community with the same benefits and enjoyment that everyone else gets from photos. 12．Why is the technology launched? A．There are so many photos on the Internet. B．There are many people suffering from blindness. C．Some digital devices are in need of the technology. D．People with vision problems fail to enjoy photos online. 13．What is the advantage of the technology over the previous one? A．It can offer more photos to blind people. B．It can describe more about online photos. C．It can recognize the person who shares photos. D．It can satisfy the common needs of blind people. 14．What is the key to promoting the technology? A．The photos on the Internet. B．People's care for blind people. C．People's connections to each other. D．The object recognition technology. 15．Which can best explain the underlined word “nascent” in the last paragraph? A．Emerging. B．Reliable. C．Powerful. D．Conventional. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新技术，该技术可以帮助有视力障碍的人欣赏网上的图片。 12．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“While visual content provides a fun and expressive way for people to communicate online, consuming and creating it poses challenges for people who are blind or severely visually impaired (受损的)．With more than 39 million people who are blind, and over 246 million who have a severe visual impairment, many people may feel excluded from the conversation around photos on the Internet.”可知，对有视力障碍的人而言，欣赏网上的图片是一种挑战。] 13．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段“Before today, people using screen readers would only hear the name of the person who shared the photo, followed by the term ‘photo’ when they came upon an image.Now they can offer a richer description of what's in a photo thanks to automatic alternative text.For instance, someone could now hear ‘an image containing three people, smiling, outdoors’．”可知，该科技的优势在于它可以对照片中的内容进行更丰富地描述。] 14．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段“This is possible because of Harvard University's object recognition technology, which is based on a network that has billions of parameters and is trained with millions of examples.Each advancement in object recognition technology means that the researchers will be able to make technology even more accessible to more people.”可知，推广这项技术的关键是物体识别技术。] 15．A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段“Automatic alternative text is a new development that generates a description of a photo using advancements in object recognition technology.”可知，划线词所在句子表示“虽然这项技术仍处于萌芽阶段，但利用其目前的能力来描述照片，是向我们的视障群体提供与其他人从照片中获得的同样好处和享受的重要一步”，划线词nascent意为“萌芽的，新生的”，和emerging意思相近。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2024·浙江宁波市十校高三二模) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you have sweaty palms when you are sitting in the exam hall? Do worrying thoughts keep you awake at night? You may have experienced one of these on certain occasions.　__16__　.Here are three simple “first­aid” techniques that could make a difference. Sit at your bed Do you jump out of bed the moment the alarm rings every morning? Perhaps the next time you get up in the morning, you can try this.Slowly get up and sit at your bed for a few minutes.　__17__　.The important thing is not to let any hurried thoughts clutter your mind.In these few quiet minutes to yourself, you will be able to feel refreshed. __18__　 On many occasions, we have our handphones right next to the served food, and our eyes are busy with the world within these tiny devices.Such actions seem to be the perfect recipe for an overworked brain. Instead, take mealtime as a time to enjoy your food.Slow down and let your eyes feast on the different colors, and allow your tongue to taste the variety of flavors.　__19__　.It also helps you to feel more relaxed. Get moving Playing sports such as basketball, soccer or simply going for a run helps reduce the body's stress hormones and instead stimulates the production of endorphins that lift your mood.　__20__　.All you have to do is to ensure you incorporate a regular routine of exercise of how to moderate intensity.This will also help you feel more energized and healthy, besides ridding you of stress and anxiety. These are the ways you can achieve harmony with your body and mind, and feel less anxious and stressed.Give them a try.Your mind will thank you for it. A．Eat mindfully B．Exercise regularly C．Let the body and mind feel the peace D．There is no need for you to become a gym rat E．It helps you to be conscious of the food you put in your mouth F．This, in turn, has the effect of bringing your body into a state of deep relaxation G．It is a sign that anxiety is creeping up on you, and your brain is nudging you for help [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种缓解焦虑的“急救”技巧。 16．G　[前文“Do you have sweaty palms when you are sitting in the exam hall? Do worrying thoughts keep you awake at night? You may have experienced one of these on certain occasions.”陈述了一些可能产生焦虑情绪的场景，G选项“这是一个迹象，表明焦虑正在悄悄逼近你，你的大脑正在敦促你寻求帮助”总结上文，并引出下文缓解焦虑的建议。] 17．C　[前文“Slowly get up and sit at your bed for a few minutes.”为本段建议，指出闹钟响起后要先静坐一段时间，C选项“让身体和心灵感受到平静”为这样做的好处，与后文“The important thing is not to let any hurried thoughts clutter your mind.”呼应。] 18．A　[空处为小标题。根据下文“Instead, take mealtime as a time to enjoy your food.Slow down and let your eyes feast on the different colors, and allow your tongue to taste the variety of flavors.”表明此段建议用餐时应将思维关注在食物上，A选项“用心地吃”总结本段。] 19．E　[空前“Instead, take mealtime as a time to enjoy your food.Slow down and let your eyes feast on the different colors, and allow your tongue to taste the variety of flavors.”告诉我们应该如何吃食物，空后“It also helps you to feel more relaxed.”表明这样吃饭的另一个好处，E选项“它可以帮助你意识到你放进嘴里的食物”也为这样吃饭的好处之一，与上下文衔接自然。] 20．D　[空前“Playing sports such as basketball, soccer or simply going for a run helps reduce the body's stress hormones and instead stimulates the production of endorphins that lift your mood.”表明运动的好处，空后“All you have to do is to ensure you incorporate a regular routine of exercise of how to moderate intensity.”表明锻炼的强度应适中，D选项“你没有必要成为健身狂”表示应该锻炼，且对过度锻炼进行否定，引出下文。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$