课时作业8 阅读理解 词句猜测题(1)（word练习）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

课时作业8　词句猜测题(1)　 (限时：30分钟) A (记叙文) (2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三调研) My phone rang after I boarded a plane.It was my PhD adviser calling to tell me there were identified flaws in the paper I had just published in Nature.My stomach dropped as he told me the authors of the critique(评论)were demanding a retraction(撤回)．That day I spent the 16­hour flight processing a mix of emotions—disbelief, embarrassment, frustration. After the plane landed, I immediately read the critique myself, which was harsh and thorough, pointing out several fundamental flaws in our methods and in the basic data.The 　fallout_　was swift and intense.I received a flood of emails and messages.Some were from supportive colleagues, but many were harshly critical of my work.I was depressed, wondering what this would mean for my career. I wrote a response, correcting the apparent errors in the data set.When it became clear that the retraction was unavoidable, I formally offered my resignation to my department head.He didn't accept it, saying a resignation wasn't needed considering the errors in the paper were honest mistakes. The experience helped me grow as a scientist.I know it is better to be open and accountable, even if it means admitting mistakes.I can't expect myself to know everything as a scientist and my work will be stronger if I seek out diverse expertise and opinions. The reality is that retractions are a necessary part of the scientific process—and one that shouldn't be viewed only through a negative lens.Retractions can also be an opportunity to learn and improve.Honest mistakes happen, and researchers should be encouraged, not punished, for doing the right thing and retracting flawed work. 1．What happened to the author before the plane took off? A．He was filled with a mix of negative emotions. B．His career was influenced by the errors in his paper. C．His published paper was retracted because of some flaws. D．He was informed some errors were found in his published paper. 2．What does the underlined word “fallout” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Consequence. B．Conflict. C．Solution. D．Shame. 3．Why was the author's resignation refused? A．He admitted the mistakes frankly. B．He treated the mistakes seriously. C．He made the mistakes unintentionally. D．He corrected the mistakes carefully. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者发表的研究论文被发现错误而不得不退回，但这件事也让作者明白了退回论文是科学过程中必不可少的部分，不应该消极地看待它，因为它也是一个学习和提高的机会。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My phone rang after I boarded a plane.It was my PhD adviser calling to tell me there were identified flaws in the paper I had just published in Nature.”可知，在飞机起飞前，作者被告知他发表的论文中发现了一些错误。] 2．A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段“I received a flood of emails and messages.”可知，作者下飞机后收到了大量的电子邮件和信息，由此可推测出，这篇文章被指出错误所带来的后果非常迅速而强烈。fallout意为“后果”与A项：Consequence(结果，后果)意思最接近。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He didn't accept it, saying a resignation wasn't needed considering the errors in the paper were honest mistakes.”可知，部门领导认为作者没必要辞职，因为论文中的错误是无心之失，即作者不是故意犯错的。] B(记叙文) (2024·江苏省百校大联考高三二模) It's 1：30 am in Kenya's populated north, and 50 people are lying on their backs on the shore of a dried­up river, staring up at the night sky.These stargazers have travelled 250 miles to Samburu to witness the Perseid meteor shower(英仙座流星雨)．They are not disappointed: Every few minutes, arrows of light shoot across the sky like silent fireworks. The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer, Susan Murabana, who has brought a 50 kg，170 cm­long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep­sky objects.But here in Samburu, where light pollution is minimal, the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye (裸眼)—　steal_the_show　. Every two months, Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their 4×4 and set off to rural communities, where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and learn about constellations (星座) and the basics of astrophysics.They primarily targets schools in remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her. “When I started this work, I didn't see people who looked like me.I was a lone ranger and I wanted to change that.” says Murabana. “There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard, boring, and only for boys，” she adds.“I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they, too, can become astronomers，” says Murabana. Murabana's passion for astronomy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her to join a similar outreach session organized by the Cosmos Education.“That was a gamechanger.If an outreach group had come to me when I was a young teenager, my attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been positive.I ended up studying sociology and economics, but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer，” she says. Inspired by the Cosmos Education, Murabana completed an online master's degree in astronomy with the James Cook University in 2011 and set up her own outreach programme.She looked to Dr Mae Jemison, the first black woman in space, as a role model.“I hope that one day, through this work, I will spark a chain reaction that leads to the first African woman in space.” 4．What do the underlined words “steal the show” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Ruin the effort. B．Face the challenge. C．Attract more attention. D．Keep the promise. 5．Why does Murabana target girl students in remote areas? A．To help them out of poverty. B．To inspire their love of astronomy. C．To look for assistants for her work. D．To give them an edge over boys in studies. 6．What can we learn about Murabana from Paragraph 6? A．She enjoyed playing games. B．She longed to be an astronomer. C．She is an initiator of Cosmos Education. D．She regretted not taking astronomy earlier. 7．What's the passage mainly about? A．The birth of a Kenyan woman astronomer. B．The prejudice against girls in rural Kenyan. C．The Kenyan astronomer bringing astronomy to the people. D．The Kenyan stargazers watching the Perseid meteors shower. [语篇解读]　本篇是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana致力于普及天文知识的情况。 4．C　[词义猜测题。根据前文“The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer, Susan Murabana, who has brought a 50 kg,170 cm­long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep­sky objects.But here in Samburu, where light pollution is minimal, the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye(裸眼) ”可知，以前是这架望远镜让大家观察天体，而这次因为污染少，流星雨用裸眼就可以看见，从而抢了望远镜的风头，因此划线部分的意思是“吸引了更多注意力”。] 5．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段“They primarily targets schools in remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her.”和第五段“‘There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard, boring, and only for boys，’ she adds.‘I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they, too, can become astronomers，’ says Murabana.”可知，Murabana主要针对偏远地区的孩子尤其是女孩，为了激发她们对天文学的热爱。] 6．D　[推理判断题。根据第六段“If an outreach group had come to me when I was a young teenager，my attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been positive.I ended up studying sociology and economics, but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer ”推知，Murabana后悔没有早点学天文学。] 7．C　[主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段“Every two months, Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their 4×4 and set off to rural communities, where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and learn about constellations (星座) and the basics of astrophysics.”可知，本文主要介绍了致力于把天文学带给人民的肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana的故事。] C(说明文) (2024·江苏省决胜新高考高三联考) Scientists already knew that gulls (海鸥) prefer food that has been touched by people, but it was unclear how well they could draw on their observations of snacking humans to find similar bits of food while foraging (觅食)． In the latest work, Feist, a biologist at the University of Sussex and her colleagues taped green (salt and vinegar) and blue (cheese and onion) packets of crisps to bricks and placed them a few metres from gulls on an otherwise clear patch of Brighton beach.The scientists then backed 5 metres and filmed the birds' behaviour.In some cases, the researchers simply looked at the camera, while in others they pecked (啄) a green or blue bag of crisps. When the scientists sat quietly without snacking, less than a fifth of gulls approached the crisp packets placed nearby.But when the researchers were snacking on crisps, 48% of the birds hopped over to check out the packets.Nearly 40% of such approaches ended with gulls pecking at the crisp packets, and of these, 95% were directed at the same colour packet as the scientist was eating from.“It is impressive because the evolutionary history of gulls wouldn't have involved humans，” said Feist. The work suggests that there is work to do to reduce tension between humans and urban gulls.The impact of “do not feed the birds” signs might, for example, be improved by adding “...and don't let them see you eat, either”． “It is likely that simply stopping the public from directly feeding gulls may not be enough，” Feist said.“They are still able to observe what we eat and 　that_　would inform their ability to target waste, litter and so on.” Dr Goumas, an expert on gulls at Exeter University, said: “This study shows that we aren't only drawing gulls' attention to where food is, but they also learn about the type of food we're eating.Knowing this may have implications for how we reduce negative interactions between humans and gulls, as we seem to be unconsciously teaching gulls to explore new food items.” 8．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The methods of observation. B．The process of Feist's work. C．The eating behaviour of gulls. D．The underlying logic of Feist's work. 9．What can we learn from Feist's work? A．There is no need to feed urban gulls. B．Gulls can distinguish between crisps. C．Humans are crucial in gulls' evolution. D．Gulls choose what to eat by watching humans. 10．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．Behaviour of humans. B．Gulls' foraging choices. C．Ban on people feeding gulls. D．Gulls' observations of snacking humans. 11．What does Dr Goumas think of the research result? A．It is of some value. B．It is highly profitable. C．It takes ages to test it. D．It needs to be practical. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，海鸥有能力观察人类的食物偏好，并利用这些信息找到类似的食物。文章认为，这表明需要采取措施避免人类和海鸥之间的紧张关系。 8．B　[段落大意题。根据第二段“In the latest work, Feist, ...while in others they pecked (啄) a green or blue bag of crisps.”可知，本段主要描述并介绍了研究的具体开展过程。] 9．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“But when the researchers were snacking on crisps, 48% of the birds hopped over to check out the packets.Nearly 40% of such approaches ended with gulls pecking at the crisp packets, and of these, 95% were directed at the same colour packet as the scientist was eating from.”可知，通过研究发现95%的海鸥啄食的是与科学家吃的相同颜色的包装袋即海鸥通过观察人类来选择吃什么。] 10．D　[代词指代题。根据划线词前面的内容“They are still able to observe what we eat”可知，此处指海鸥能够观察到人们吃什么，这将告知它们区分废物、垃圾。因此划线词指代的是“海鸥观察人类吃零食的行为”。] 11．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Knowing this may have implications for how we reduce negative interactions between humans and gulls, as we seem to be unconsciously teaching gulls to explore new food items.”可知，Dr Goumas认为通过该研究发现可能会对我们如何减少人类与海鸥之间的负面互动产生影响，故推测Dr Goumas认为该研究是有价值的。] D(议论文) (2024·江苏省盐城市高三联考) Does your life ever feel as if you're pushing a heavy car—one on which you've spent much money and that has now broken down? You've done everything right: You haven't invested heavily in a new business or quit your job to pursue your childhood dream of becoming a professional athlete.You have been a sensible adult living your sensible life.So why does it feel like such hard work? This has been me for the past few months.Earlier this year, I took a long hard look at my sources of income and decided to focus on the ones that provided the most money.I'm lucky enough to have had a good financial year.But despite doing the right thing, 　it　 has used up my energy and I've worked out why. Years ago, I realized that I disliked hard work.Don't get me wrong.I don't mind working hard, but hard work isn't for me.What's the difference? For a start, hard work feels as if it never really gets going.You can push hard work and it might move a little but there's no celebratory moment when it gets done.Most importantly, hard work lacks joy.Working hard on a project you feel excited and moved by can be tiring and difficult, but it's ultimately joyful and that is what I've been missing. So I asked myself what would feel scary but joyful and this is the answer.I'm going to write a romance.Of course, being a middle­aged journalist who suddenly decides to write a book is nothing novel.However, for me, it hits the sweet spot between being joyful enough to make me want to do it and scary enough to make me feel it's worthwhile. As with all good middle­aged changes, this one hasn't really been thought through.I know little about writing fiction and even less about what makes a good book.I have the thinnest of ideas for a plot but, for the first time in a while, I'm excited—I will be another Jane Austen with my fantasies which give me life.So now, I have to go and sharpen my pencil. 12．What can best describe the author's current feeling about life? A．A new business makes her feel fresh. B．She has got everything under her control. C．She is conflicted about living a sensible life. D．A childhood dream inspires her to more efforts. 13．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Living a rather sensible life. B．Identifying income sources. C．Discovering new life goals. D．Sorting out the author's jobs. 14．What's the author's understanding of hard work and working hard? A．Journalism is a career worth working hard. B．Hard work is something either sweet or tiring. C．Writing a romance is difficult but rewarding. D．Working hard rarely brings about satisfaction. 15．What is probably the best title for the text? A．Works like a Dream B．Middle­Aged Job Crisis C．Celebratory Moment D．A Future Jane Austen [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。作者由自身的经历的矛盾感——生活中一直在做看似很合理明智的事情却又感觉乏力无趣，引出了我们要选择自己喜欢的事业并为之刻苦奋斗。 12．C　[细节理解题。文章第一段描述了一种生活，作者看似正确明智的事情，却感觉生活很艰难；第二段作者通过自述自己的感受得出这种生活用尽了自己的精力。由此可知，作者对自己看似合理明智的生活产生了怀疑和矛盾。] 13．A　[代词指代题。结合上下文可知，前文说作者生活中一直在做看似很合理明智的事情，下文又提到作者觉得自己精力不够而且想不通为什么，由此可知，划线词it指的是作者维持的这种合理明智的生活。] 14．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者讨论了自己对于艰苦的工作和努力工作的看法，前者往往让人疲倦且没有快乐，后者可以带来快乐；第四段作者认为自己的记者工作是前者，而写小说就是后者，即写小说虽然也辛苦但是值得。] 15．A　[标题归纳题。文中作者自述了自己回顾自己的生活，发现记者这个职业不是自己真正想要的工作，所以作者放弃了这个职业，转而开始写小说，虽然辛苦但是觉得很值得，因为这是作者的梦想。所以文章主旨应是鼓励人们去追寻梦想的职业。] 　　　　　　　　　　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$