课时作业7 阅读理解 主旨大意题(2)（word练习）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

课时作业7　主旨大意题(2)　 (限时：30分钟) A (记叙文) (2024·河北省省级联测考试高三) Rifath Shaarook was 14 when he met Srimathy Kesan, the founder and CEO of Space Kids India (SKI), as a student journalist.What began as a one­off interview soon transformed into the coming together of two minds.The teenager held the idea of sending a student satellite to space.While other grown­ups were quick to dismiss it, Kesan was different.She had laid the foundation for SKI, a private organization committed to promoting innovation among children, particularly in aerospace.She saw potential in Rifath and his idea. Two other students soon joined Rifath.The two 17­year­olds were in Hindustan University studying aerospace engineering.They chanced upon a notice on their college noticeboard that changed their life.It was about a workshop organized by Space Kids India at the NASA headquarters. The first project was the SKI­NSLV Kalam 1, a balloon satellite, launched near space to gather data on air quality, altitude, gases and so on.After a two­year­long struggle, Space Kids successfully launched the vehicle, a first for India—with support from educators of NASA and University of Central Florida.Around this time, a third aerospace engineering student was introduced to the team.A biologist followed soon. Four years of hard work paid off in June with the launch of KalamSat, the world's lightest satellite.The satellite is so small that you can hold it in your palm (手掌)．It is a 3.8­centimetre cube made of 3D­printed carbon fibre polymer (聚合物) and weighs 64 grams.The satellite was in space for 12 minutes and its findings will be published soon.Scientists will be able to study its behaviour and performance in microgravity.The mission also tested the effectiveness of the newly developed carbon fibre polymer in 3D­printing technology. 1．How did other adults respond to Rifath's idea of sending a student satellite to space? A They disapproved of it. B．They doubted its possibility. C．They claimed it was hopeful. D．They considered it worth trying. 2．What can we learn about KalamSat from the last paragraph? A．It is simply palm­sized. B．It is made of strong metal. C．It will remain in its orbit. D．It will make part of its discoveries public. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．SKI Launched Its First Satellite B．The Lightest Satellite Goes Viral C．Creative Ideas Are Sure to Bring Success D．Student Scientists Launched a Satellite [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了学生Rifath Shaarook成功发射了一颗只有手掌大小的卫星。 1．A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“The teenager held the idea of sending a student satellite to space.While other grown­ups were quick to dismiss it, Kesan was different.”可推知，其他成年人对Rifath向太空发送卫星的想法是不赞成的。] 2．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Four years of hard work paid off in June with the launch of KalamSat, the world's lightest satellite.The satellite is so small that you can hold it in your palm (手掌)．”可知，KalamSat卫星只有手掌大小。] 3．D　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Rifath Shaarook was 14 when he met Srimathy Kesan, the founder and CEO of Space Kids India (SKI), as a student journalist.What began as a one­off interview soon transformed into the coming together of two minds.The teenager held the idea of sending a student satellite to space.”可知，文章主要讲述了学生Rifath Shaarook成功发射了一颗只有手掌大小的卫星，D项“学生科学家发射了一颗卫星”适合作文章标题。] B(记叙文) (2024·吉林、黑龙江、安徽、云南四省高三适应性考试) As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place.Her passion for helping others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays.There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first­hand the destructive effect of desertification.“Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor.I wanted to stop the Sahara in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia's agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to be changed.She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals. In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert.She moved to Tunisia, and set up a program named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action.“I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are.Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” By September 2016, more than 130,000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate.Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia's farmland.In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the program to Algeria and Morocco. 4．How did Toumi's holiday trips to Tunisia influence her? A．They made her decide to leave the country. B．They helped her better understand her father. C．They fired her enthusiasm for helping others. D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. 5．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia's farmland? A．Low rainfall. B．Soil pollution. C．Cold weather. D．Forest damage. 6．Why did Toumi set up the Acacias for All program in Tunisia? A．To create job opportunities for young people. B．To help the children obtain a basic education. C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. D．To facilitate the protection of the farmland. 7．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Saving Water in Tunisia B．Planting Trees of Native Species C．Holding back the Sahara D．Fighting Poverty in North Africa [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从小在法国长大的萨拉·杜米跟随父亲游访突尼斯之后立志改变世界并身体力行阻止荒漠化进程的故事。 4．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Her passion for helping others was awakened when, from the age of nine，she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays.”可知，自九岁起杜米在假期跟随父亲游访突尼斯的经历激发了她想帮助他人的热情。] 5．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts(干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia's agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.”可知，降水量的减少使得干旱程度加剧，最终导致土地荒漠化。] 6．D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“She moved to Tunisia，and set up a program named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action.”可知，她建立这个项目的目的是把自己可持续发展的理念付诸实践，进而能够更好地保护土地。] 7．C　[标题归纳题。通读整篇文章，尤其根据第二段中的“Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor.I wanted to stop the Sahara in its tracks.”可知，杜米通过植树造林和普及可持续发展理念等方式来阻止撒哈拉沙漠扩张，即阻止土地荒漠化进程。] C(说明文) (2024·福建省优质名校联盟高三检测) Have you ever received an unwanted gift and still said “Thank you”？ This choice to hide a negative emotion is a display rule－one of many which define socially appropriate responses to emotions.Although display rules can promote interpersonal harmony, they can also have negative consequences for the person choosing to change how they express emotions.As more social interaction goes online, scientists are investigating how emojis are used to reflect our emotions in different contexts.Are there display rules that apply to emojis, and how do those affect people's well­being? Moyu Liu of the University of Tokyo investigated this question in a study published in Frontiers in Psychology. For his study, Liu found 1,289 participants, all users of the most­downloaded emoji keyboard in Japan, Simeji, to investigate how emojis were used to express or mask emotions. The participants in Liu's study provided personal information, answered questions about their subjective well­being, and rated how often they used emojis.They were given messages with varying social contexts, responded to them as they would normally, and rated the intensity of the expression of their emotions. Liu found that people chose to express more emotions with emojis in private contexts or with close friends.Respondents expressed least emotion towards individuals who hold a higher social position.Intense expressions of emotion came with matching emojis, unless people felt the need to mask their true emotions: for instance, using smiling emojis to mask negative emotions.Negative emojis were used only where negative feelings were very strongly felt.Expressing emotions with emojis was associated with higher subjective well­being compared to masking emotions. Liu emphasized that the study should be expanded in the future.The Simeji keyboard is extremely popular among young women, which caused an imbalance in the sample towards women and Generation Z．However, this also reflected the gender imbalance in use of emojis in general and the Simeji keyboard in particular.A broader pool of participants would provide a fuller picture of the display rules around emojis. 8．Why do people follow display rules? A．To avoid moral stress. B．To express their real emotions. C．To maintain positive relationships. D．To shake off their negative thoughts. 9．What may participants most likely do during online interactions with their leaders? A．Avoid using any kind of emojis. B．Mask their happy emotions with emojis. C．Use smiling emojis as much as possible. D．Send negative emojis to show negative feelings. 10．Which aspect of the study needs expansion according to Liu? A．Its research intention. B．Its investigation methods. C．Its participant database. D．Its potential applications. 11．What is the main idea of the text? A．Young women are the most active emoji users. B．Using emojis properly matters in different contexts. C．Emojis lead people to lose touch with their true emotions. D．People use emojis to hide, as well as show, their feelings. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。随着越来越多的社交活动出现在网上，科学家们正在研究表情符号是如何在不同的环境中反映我们的情绪的。文章主要介绍了关于人们使用表情符号情况的研究开展过程以及研究的相关发现。 8．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Although display rules can promote interpersonal harmony, they can also have negative consequences for the person choosing to change how they express emotions.”可知，人们要遵循显示规则是为了维持积极的关系。] 9．A　[细节理解题。根据第四段“Liu found that people chose to express more emotions with emojis in private contexts or with close friends.Respondents expressed least emotion towards individuals who hold a higher social position.”可知，参与者在与他们的领导进行在线互动时最有可能避免使用任何表情符号。] 10．C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Liu emphasized that the study should be expanded in the future.The Simeji keyboard is extremely popular among young women, which caused an imbalance in the sample towards women and Generation Z．(刘强调，这项研究应该在未来扩大。Simeji键盘在年轻女性中非常受欢迎，这导致了样本中女性和Z一代的不平衡。)”可知，根据刘的说法，研究的参与者数据库需要扩展。] 11．D　[主旨大意题。根据第一段“As more social interaction goes online, scientists are investigating how emojis are used to reflect our emotions in different contexts.Are there display rules that apply to emojis, and how do those affect people's well­being？”结合文章介绍了关于人们使用表情符号情况的研究开展过程以及研究的相关发现。可知，这篇文章的主旨是人们用表情符号来隐藏和表达他们的感情。] D(议论文) (2024·广东省广州市高三阶段训练) Science is a process that builds upon existing theories and knowledge by continuously revising them.Every aspect of scientific knowledge can be questioned, including the general rules of thinking that appear to be most certain.So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing? If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today's scientific description of the world? The answer is simple: Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have.The fact that it can be made better can't diminish (降低) the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world. Consider a folk healer's herbal medicine.Can we say this treatment is “scientific”？ Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works.In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work.This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective.To the contrary, many of them are not.What distinguishes scientific medicine is the readiness to seriously test a treatment and to be ready to change our minds if something is shown not to work.A research doctor in a modern hospital must be ready to change his theory if a more effective way of understanding illness, or treating it, becomes available. What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth.The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty.As John Stuart Mill wrote in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have most warrant (依据) for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded.” 12．Why does the author raise the two questions in Paragraph 1? A．To add some fun. B．To express doubts. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide background. 13．What can we learn about today's scientific description of the world? A．It can be timeless. B．It can be improved. C．It is of little value. D．It is the best at any moment. 14．What is the author's attitude toward folk treatment? A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Pessimistic. D．Sympathetic. 15．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．It is unwise to believe in science. B．Too much uncertainty lies in science. C．The foundation of science is unfounded. D．The lack of certainty makes science credible. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了尽管科学总是在变化，但是它还是值得信赖的原因。 12．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing? If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today's scientific description of the world？”及下文论述可推知，作者在第一段中提出了两个问题是为了引入文章话题。] 13．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段“The answer is simple: Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have.The fact that it can be made better can't diminish (降低) the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world.”可知，今天对世界的科学描述还可以改进。] 14．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Consider a folk healer's herbal medicine.Can we say this treatment is ‘scientific’？ Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works.In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work.This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective.To the contrary, many of them are not.”可知，作者既陈述了民间治疗的优点，又提到了不足。由此推知，作者对民间治疗持客观态度。] 15．D　[段落大意题。根据第四段中的“What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth.The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty.”可知，第四段主要论述了缺乏确定性使得科学可信。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$