课时作业3 阅读理解 推理判断题(1)（word练习）-【创新教程】2025年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案

　　　　　　　　　　课时作业3　推理判断题(1)　 (限时：30分钟) A (记叙文) (2024·辽宁丹东市高三二模) Standing on a school stage, the master swings his arms and moves his body as he conducts an orchestra.The 70 young musicians keep a sharp focus on the master's white baton (指挥棒) as it shoots upward, downward, and sideways. Michael Morgan was six years old when his father moved a neighbor's unwanted piano into their living room.He started piano lessons, but it was when he saw a conductor leading an orchestra on television that he realized what he really wanted to do.At age eight, he began reading The Joy of Music by conductor and composer Leonard Bernstein and figured out how to direct with a baton.After graduating from Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, Michael worked under Bernstein.“Conducting is a thing you learn by apprenticing (当学徒)．You do more watching than anything else，” Morgan says.Even after Morgan had graduated from Oberlin, Bernstein's masterful teaching continued to influence him. Morgan is committed to offering kids a chance to explore classical music.In his hometown, he started to volunteer in local schools, conducting student orchestras and talking with kids about music.Morgan is also the music director and conductor of the Oakland Symphony.He works with teachers in after­school programs to reach students who can't afford lessons. Morgan is focused and works very hard.“He's the mastermind behind all of these programs，” says Elizabeth, Oakland Symphony Education Coordinator.“He is in an amazing harmony with students.He is really serious in getting down to his business.” Morgan says his work is mostly about providing young people with an entrance into music.“Instruments give kids a way of emotional expression, a source of pride, and an interest they can carry with them through life.Young musicians come from many different cultures and communities.But with instruments in hand, their hearts sing as one，” he says. 1．Which of the following can best describe Morgan? A．Passionate and honest. B．Generous and demanding. C．Ambitious and humorous. D．Warmhearted and devoted. 2．Why does the author mention Elizabeth? A．To show recognition on Morgan. B．To share her cooperation with Morgan. C．To encourage kids to learn from Morgan. D．To express people's expectations for Morgan. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Playing music is the best way to relieve people's tension. B．Morgan opens a door to music teaching for young musicians. C．Music has the power to bridge cultural gap and unite people. D．Young musicians tend to play the same song whole­heartedly. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Michael Morgan的音乐成长之路以及成名之后为家乡的孩子学习音乐所做的公益事业。 1．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“In his hometown, he started to volunteer in local schools, conducting student orchestras and talking with kids about music.Morgan is also the music director and conductor of the Oakland Symphony.He works with teachers in after­school programs to reach students who can't afford lessons.”可知，Morgan很热心；根据第四段中“Morgan is focused and works very hard.”和“He is really serious in getting down to his business.”可知，Morgan全心全意投入到音乐事业中。] 2．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中Elizabeth说的话“He's the mastermind behind all of these programs”和“He is in an amazing harmony with students.He is really serious in getting down to his business.”可知，文章提及Elizabeth是为了表明她对Morgan的认可。] 3．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Young musicians come from many different cultures and communities.But with instruments in hand, their hearts sing as one”可知，来自不同文化和社区的音乐家通过音乐将心合而为一，由此推知，音乐具有弥合文化鸿沟、团结人民的力量。] B(说明文) (2024·安徽皖江名校联盟高三二模) Archaeologists said on Wednesday they had unearthed the oldest wooden structure ever discovered, dating from nearly half a million years ago, which suggests that our ancestors may have been more advanced than previously thought. The exceptionally well­preserved wooden structure was found at Kalambo Falls in the north of Zambia near the border with Tanzania.It dates back at least 476,000 years, well before the evolution of Homo sapiens (智人), according to a study describing the find in the journal Nature. The wood bears cut marks showing that stone tools were used to join two large logs to make the structure, which is believed to be a walkway or platform raised above the seasonally wet surroundings.A collection of wooden tools, including a wedge (楔子) and a digging stick, were also discovered at the site. The ancestors of humans were already known to use wood at this time, but for limited purposes such as starting a fire or hunting. “The structure involves the intentional shaping of two trees to create a framework of two interlocking supports，” Larry Barham, an archaeologist at the University of Liverpool in England and the study's lead author, said.“A notch (槽口) was cut into the overlying log and the underlying tree was shaped to fit through the notch.This arrangement prevents the overlying log from moving side to side, giving stability to the structure.” Discoveries involving such ancient wood are rare because it tends to rot, leaving behind little trace for historical record.But the high level of water at Kalambo Falls is believed to have preserved the structure over the centuries. “The finds from Kalambo Falls indicate that these earlier humans, like Homo sapiens, had the capacity to alter their surroundings, creating a built environment，” Barham said.“Use of wood in this way suggests the cognitive ability to these early humans was greater than we have believed based on stone tools alone.” 4．What does the discovery imply? A．Our ancestors had advanced science technology. B．Our ancestors were more advanced than thought before. C．Our ancestors could make advanced wooden houses then. D．Our ancestors could use wood to make a fire or hunt. 5．What did Larry Barham try to convey? A．The wood structure was quite common in ancient times. B．The wood arrangement still lack stability to the structure. C．The wood structure displays our ancestors' wisdom. D．The wood structure was used to build a stable house. 6．Why is the wood structure preserved so well over centuries? A．Because it was made of good wood near Kalambo Falls. B．Because it was preserved well by local people near Kalambo Falls. C．Because the local people used some special techniques to preserve it. D．Because the wood structure dipped in deep water can be preserved well. 7．What might be the best title of this article? A．Wood Structure Found Displays Modern Technology B．World's Oldest Wooden Structure Discovered in Zambia C．Wood Structure Found Proves Scientists' Theory D．Our Ancestors Contribute a lot to Our Science Advancement [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考古学家在赞比亚发现的世界上最古老的木结构，其历史可追溯至近50万年前，这一发现表明我们的祖先可能比之前认为的更先进。该木结构展示了古代人类使用工具和技术改变环境的能力，对于理解人类认知发展具有重要意义。 4．B　[推理判断题。根据第一段“Archaeologists said on Wednesday they had unearthed the oldest wooden structure ever discovered, dating from nearly half a million years ago, which suggests that our ancestors may have been more advanced than previously thought.”可推知，这一发现暗示了我们的祖先可能比之前认为的更加先进。] 5．C　[推理判断题。根据第五段“‘The structure involves the intentional shaping of two trees to create a framework of two interlocking supports，’ Larry Barham, an archaeologist at the University of Liverpool in England and the study's lead author, said.‘A notch (槽口) was cut into the overlying log and the underlying tree was shaped to fit through the notch.This arrangement prevents the overlying log from moving side to side, giving stability to the structure.’”以及最后一段的“‘The finds from Kalambo Falls indicate that these earlier humans, like Homo sapiens, had the capacity to alter their surroundings, creating a built environment，’ Barham said.”可推知，巴勒姆想传达的是木结构体现了祖先的智慧。] 6．D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Discoveries involving such ancient wood are rare because it tends to rot, leaving behind little trace for historical record.But the high level of water at Kalambo Falls is believed to have preserved the structure over the centuries.”可知，涉及这种古老木材的发现是罕见的，因为它容易腐烂，几乎没有留下历史记录的痕迹。但卡兰博瀑布的高水位被认为是几个世纪以来保护了这座建筑的原因。] 7．B　[标题归纳题。根据第一段“Archaeologists said on Wednesday they had unearthed the oldest wooden structure ever discovered, dating from nearly half a million years ago, which suggests that our ancestors may have been more advanced than previously thought.”以及全文可知，文章主要报道了在赞比亚发现的最古老的木质结构，这一发现对理解人类历史和技术进步有重要影响。所以“赞比亚发现世界上最古老的木结构”适合作本文的标题。] C(说明文) (2024·广东江门市高三二模) Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sounds underwater. Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida, the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to document 729 mammals (哺乳动物), fishes, and invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds.In addition, the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds. “With more than 70% of the Earth's surface covered by water, most of the planet's habitats are aquatic, and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent.The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science，” the researchers said. “Listening to underwater sounds can reveal a lot of information about the species that produce them and is useful for a variety of applications, ranging from fisheries management, invasive species detection to assessing human environmental impacts，” said Looby, who also co­created FishSounds, which offers a collection of fish sound production research records. The team's research was published in Scientific Data and involved 19 authors from six countries.“Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance, and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal，” said Kieran Cox, a member of the research team. “Most people are familiar with whale or dolphin sounds but are often surprised to learn that many fishes and invertebrates use sounds to communicate, too，” Looby said.“Our database helps demonstrate how widespread underwater sound production really is across a variety of animals, but we still have a lot to learn.” 8．Why is the data listed in Paragraph 2? A．To show the types of biological sounds. B．To show the sum of documents on animals. C．To show the species of underwater animals. D．To show the number of the sound­producing species. 9．What is people's misunderstanding according to the text? A．Many mammals can live in water. B．Most fishes cannot make sounds. C．Different species can communicate. D．Ocean animals can't get onto the land. 10．What is the goal mentioned by Kieran Cox? A．To document ocean animals' sounds. B．To set up a free database for scientists. C．To learn how ocean animals communicate. D．To publish the team's research in Scientific Data. 11．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To call on people to protect ocean animals. B．To introduce the finding of a research team. C．To list the animals that can produce sounds. D．To describe the mysterious underwater world. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究。 8．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段“Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida, the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to document 729 mammals (哺乳动物), fishes, and invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds.In addition, the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds.”可知，第二段的数据是为了说明水下发声物种的数量。] 9．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段“With more than 70% of the Earth's surface covered by water, most of the planet's habitats are aquatic, and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent.”可知，人们误解大多数水生生物是不会发出声音的。] 10．C　[推理判断题。根据第五段“Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance, and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal”可知，Kieran Cox提到的他们的目标是了解海洋物种如何与环境交流。] 11．B　[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sounds underwater.”和第三段“The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，因此本文的主要目的是为了介绍研究小组的新发现。] D(新闻报道) (2024·辽宁丹东市高三二模) Food waste across the globe continues to fuel climate change, nature loss and pollution while hurting the global economy according to the UNEP Food Waste Index Report 2024, which says it is important for countries to connect the fight against hunger and the three global crisis of climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss. The report, whose findings revealed that the total food loss on the global economy is estimated at roughly $1 trillion, emphasized that reducing food waste is an opportunity to reduce costs and tackle some of the biggest environmental and social issues of our time: climate change and food insecurity. While making opening remarks at the conference that launched the report, Dechen Tsering, acting director of the climate change division at the UNEP, said government polices, such as tax rebates (退税) and waste collection fees, could be used to stimulate changes in business practices and consumer behavior.In addition, better data on the cost of food waste and the environmental, economic, and social benefits of limiting food waste could help influence investors and consumers. According to the report, as of 2022, only 21 countries had included food loss and waste reduction in their national climate plans, including China, Namibia, Sierra Leone, etc.Meanwhile, the number of people who are food insecure and in urgent need of humanitarian assistance in the Greater Horn of Africa rose to 74 million at the end of February, according to another report released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other agencies. The international agencies said that the 2023 El Nino rains contributed to the rise in the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance in the region.With wetter­than­normal conditions forecast in most parts of African countries during the 2024 March­May rainfall season, the situation may not improve. 12．What does the Report 2024 indicate? A．Food loss is the biggest problem to tackle. B．Serious pollution can cause food insecurity. C．Food waste worsens the environmental situation. D．Many countries are cooperating to fight against hunger. 13．Which of the following may Dechen agree with? A．Effective measures should be taken by government. B．Unnecessary costs in climate lead to development problems. C．Data make no sense to consumer behavior and investors' decision. D．Avoiding waste collection fees is beneficial to limiting food waste. 14．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．Humanitarian assistance is the only way to help African people. B．Food insecurity is still a big challenge to many African countries. C．The situation of food waste in Africa becomes more and more severe. D．The number of people needing help is increasing mainly due to bad weather. 15．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To reveal the urgent financial situation in Africa. B．To stress the necessity of food waste prevention. C．To call for the joint efforts of governments in climate. D．To raise the awareness of environmental conservation. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了联合国环境规划署《2024年食物浪费指数报告》发现，食物浪费加剧了气候变化。 12．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Food waste across the globe continues to fuel climate change, nature loss and pollution while hurting the global economy according to the UNEP Food Waste Index Report 2024”可知，该报告表明食物浪费使环境状况恶化。] 13．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“While making opening remarks at the conference that launched the report, Dechen Tsering, acting director of the climate change division at the UNEP, said government polices, such as tax rebates (退税) and waste collection fees, could be used to stimulate changes in business practices and consumer behavior.In addition, better data on the cost of food waste and the environmental, economic, and social benefits of limiting food waste could help influence investors and consumers.”可知，在Dechen Tsering看来政府应该采取有效的措施。] 14．B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“the number of people who are food insecure and in urgent need of humanitarian assistance in the Greater Horn of Africa rose to 74 million at the end of February”和最后一段中“With wetter­than­normal conditions forecast in most parts of African countries during the 2024 March­May rainfall season, the situation may not improve.”可知，粮食不安全仍然是许多非洲国家面临的一大挑战。] 15．B　[推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“it is important for countries to connect the fight against hunger and the three global crisis of climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss”可知，文章主要讲述联合国环境规划署《2024年食物浪费指数报告》发现，食物浪费加剧了气候变化，目的是强调阻止食物浪费的必要性。] 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$