内容正文:
第3节 介词——根据基本意义或固定搭配
介词的考查近年来比较稳定,备考时要格外注意as,with,against,between,despite,by等重要的介词用法及意义。介词的固定搭配考查范围广,方式比较灵活。未来高考对该考点的考查仍然以介词的基本用法及介词与名词、动词的搭配为主,备考时也不可忽视对介词短语的积累。
思维定向·先判定填介词
解题攻略
典例印证
第一步:确定是否填介词
首先,分析句子结构,发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般填介词。
第二步:根据句意及固定搭配确定答案
(1)分析句子结构,发现设空处在名词前后时,应考虑名词与介词的搭配;
(2)分析句子结构,发现设空处在不及物动词后名词前时,应考虑动词与介词的搭配;
(3)分析句子结构,发现设空处在形容词后名词前时,应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China...
第一步:确定是否填介词
首先,分析句子结构,发现空处没有提示词,且后面直接跟了“a great achievement in contemporary design”这一名词短语,一般应填介词。
第二步:根据句意确定答案
句意:这座玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就,将中国西南部的植物安置在……根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”。
[自主解答] as
解题规则·再依据2策略确定填何种介词
思维
定向
典例呈现
技法点津
辨逻
辑,联
想恰
当介
词
1.(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ______ all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park.
解析:for [句意:这个地方,以其独特而令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园被妥善保存供全国人民欣赏。结合句意,这里表示“目的”,故填for。]
2.(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
解析:by [根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在2019年11月27日命名”。表示被动,使用结构“be+过去分词+by”,故填by。]
3.(2021·1月浙江卷)The study found that between 1985 and 2017,average rural BMI increased ________ 2.1 in women and men.
解析:by [句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年,农村地区女性和男性的平均体重指数增加了2.1。此处表示升高的幅度。故填by。]
4.(2021·6月浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it ______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
解析:for [考查介词。表示“花多少钱买”,buy后通常接介词for。buy sth.for $1,200意为“以1 200美元购买某物”,故填for。]
5.(北京卷)First celebrated __________ 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区).
解析:in [根据空格后的1970可知,表示在某一年,应用介词in。]
(1)表示时间的 in、on 和 at
①in 表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等;
②on 表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等;
③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
(2)表示交通方式的by和 on/in
①by后可直接跟涉及或不涉及交通工具的名词,名词前不加冠词;
②on/in后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
(3)表示“用……”的by、in 和 with
①by 表示“靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……”,后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式;
②in 多用于表示语言、材料的名词前;
③with 多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
(4)of 表示“……的”
“of+n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词
(5)as 表示“作为”。
(6)from 表示“自,从”。
(7)despite/in spite of 表示“尽管”。
抓核
心词,
联想
适当
搭配
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ________ Romeo and Juliet.
解析:to [句意:我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。固定短语:be similar to,意为“和……相似”,符合句意。故填to。]
2.(2023·全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong ________ royal palaces,it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
解析:to [根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处应和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,故填to。]
3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And who do they speak English ______ ?
解析:with [句意:他们和谁说英语?分析句子结构可知,根据句意此处强调双向交流,应用固定搭配:speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。]
4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth,Mother Nature.
解析:on [固定短语on earth,意为“在世上”,故填on。]
5.(2020·7月浙江高考卷)Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _________ ,through agriculture.
解析:in [live in是固定搭配,表示“在……地方生活”,故填in。]
6.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Bamboo plants are associated ________ health,abundance and a happy home.
解析:with [固定表达be associated with与……有关。故填with。]
(1)与动词搭配
remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
go back to/date from追溯到
consist of由……组成
come about发生
account for占……比例;说明……的原因
belong to属于
(2)与名词搭配
by accident偶然
in trouble 陷入困境,陷入麻烦
in honour of为了纪念
in turn 依次,转而
in return 作为报答
on board乘(飞机、船)
on average平均
on the contrary相反
(3)形容词与介词搭配
be curious about ...
对……感到好奇
be associated with...
与……有关
be rich in ...在……方面丰富
be similar to ...与……相似
be famous for ...因……而著名
语境运用·全面提高关键能力
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
Amazingly, it happened to me.1. _________ a Saturday afternoon a homeless man came into our shop.Normally we are closed on Saturday but 2. _________ this case I was there working on something.He started talking 3. _________ how he started a marketing company and wanted to see if he could help us.He then went into details 4. ________ his journey of jobs through life.He talked 5. _________ 20 minutes, telling me many stories 6. ________ his life adventures.
Though most times I might get impatient when someone talks a lot, this time I practiced just listening and being present 7. ________ him.Though I wasn't able to use what he was offering, I wished him well and offered him some water 8. ________ the rest of his journey.He thanked me 9. ________ listening and for my encouragement.He went off 10. ________ the hope of getting his idea accepted somewhere else,while I stood there thinking.Even when we cannot always help, we can always listen.It matters!
答案:1.On 2.in 3.about/of 4.on/about 5.for 6.about/of 7.for 8.for 9.for 10.in
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